资源简介

Unit 8　Natural disasters
1　Disaster safety tips
单元主题：人与自然——自然灾害与防范措施（了解自然灾害的特点、危害，掌握防灾避险方法）
@激活基础
Ⅰ.任务型完形填空辨识训练
wildfire， typhoon， shut， lighting， earthquake
1.The 　typhoon　 destroyed many houses.
2.The 　lightning　 lit up the whole sky.
3.The forest 　wildfire　 burned for three days.
4.She 　shut　 the window before the rain came.
5.An 　earthquake　 shook the city early this morning.
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
6.Wildfire smoke is bad for your 　lungs　（lung）.
7.Tornado（龙卷风） is a 　powerful　 （power） natural force.
8.The authorities advise citizens 　to stay　（stay） at home in bad weather disasters.
9.Indoor air pollution can hurt people’s eyes， noses and 　throats　（throat）.
10.Human beings are learning to overcome（克服） all kinds of natural 　disasters　（disaster）.
Ⅲ.根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子（每空一词）
11.说到自然灾害，我们必须保持冷静。
When it 　comes　 　to　 natural disasters， we must stay calm.
12.下落的物体受重力定律的支配。
　Falling　 　objects　 obey the law of gravity.
13.在台风来袭时，人们必须待在室内以确保自身安全。
People must 　stay　 　indoors　 for their safety during a typhoon.
14.镜泊湖位于牡丹江市。它是由一次火山喷发形成的。
Jingpo Lake is located in Mudanjiang. It is formed by a 　volcanic　 　eruption　.
15.在海滩上，当海啸发生时，应迅速远离大海并迅速登上高地。
On a beach， run away from the sea and move quickly to 　higher　 　ground　 when a tsunami happens.
@知能提升
Ⅳ.口语交际
阅读下面的对话，根据上下文，从方框内选择恰当的选项补全对话，使对话完整、逻辑通顺。（其中有两项为多余选项）
A.Was the flood very terrible？ B.That sounded bad. C.He and his family moved to his uncle’s house. D.What happened？ E.How long did the rain last？ F.That sounded great. G.That’s all right.
A： Mike， did you hear about the flood in Wuhan last night？
B： No. 14.　D　
A： My e-friend Lin Tao told me about it. It rained for a long time.
B： 15.　E　
A： For about two weeks.
B： 16.　A　
A： Yes， it was very terrible. There was water all around his house. Most of his furniture and his books got wet.
B： 17.　B　 Did your e-friend still live in his house？
A： No. 18.　C　 There was no flood there because his uncle lives far away.
2　Staying safe in an earthquake
@激活基础
Ⅰ. 任务型完形填空辨识训练
anytime， occur， survival， plenty， lift
1.Never get into a 　lift　 during an earthquake.
2.Natural disasters can hit anywhere， 　anytime　.
3.Be sure to bring 　plenty　 of water when you go out.
4.Your chances of 　survival　 in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm.
5.If flooding 　occurs　， head to higher ground—never walk through moving water！
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
6.Earthquakes suddenly shake the ground， often without 　warning　（warn）.
7.When the earthquake starts， do not stand near walls or 　windows　（window）.
8.When the flood came， my dad 　quickly　（quick） turned off the electricity and gas.
9.We must act 　rapidly　（rapid） in a natural disaster.
10.It is really necessary to learn something about how 　to protect　（protect） yourself in such terrible weather.
Ⅲ.根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子（每空一词）
11.我们应该远离危险。
We should 　stay　 　away　 　from　 danger.
12.电话拨打次数过多会致使电话系统崩溃。
Too many calls will 　bring　 　down　 the phone system.
13.警察让他靠边停车。
The police asked him to 　pull　 　over　.
14.雷雨天气里，我们要留意掉落的树木。
We should 　keep　 an eye 　out　 for falling trees during a thunderstorm.
15.为了保证安全，不要站在树下或电线杆旁。
To 　stay　 　safe　， do not stand under trees or power lines.
@知能提升
Ⅳ.完形填空
　　自然灾害自救指南 Natural disasters can happen suddenly and cause great damage. As middle school students， we need to know 　16　 to protect ourselves.
　　When it comes to earthquakes， if we are indoors， we should 　17　 hide under a strong table or desk and protect our heads and necks with our hands. We mustn’t be afraid or 　18　.
　　During a flood， we need to 　19　 going to low-lying areas and stay away from rivers and lakes. If we receive a 　20　， we should follow the instructions（指引） of the local government and move to a 　21　 place in time.
　　For wildfires， we should never play with fire in the forest. If we notice a fire， we must 　22　 it to the government immediately. During a storm， we should stay away from windows and doors to keep safe from the flying objects.
　　For typhoons， we should stay indoors and close all the windows and doors. Do not go out until the typhoon has 　23　. Lightning is also dangerous. When there is a thunderstorm， we should stay away from large 　24　 and metal（金属） objects.
　　By learning and practising these preventive methods， we can better protect ourselves and our families from the 　25　 of natural disasters. Have you got them？
（　B　）16.A.why B.how C.when D.where
（　D　）17.A.happily B.quietly C.luckily D.quickly
（　B　）18.A.stay calm B.run around
C.shout loudly D.jump down
（　C　）19.A.keep B.notice C.avoid D.remember
（　B　）20.A.writing B.calling C.talking D.helping
（　A　）21.A.safe B.busy C.clean D.empty
（　C　）22.A.give B.send C.report D.present
（　A　）23.A.passed B.moved C.turned D.changed
（　D　）24.A.rocks B.hills C.fields D.forests
（　B　）25.A.stress B.damage C.trouble D.pollution
Ⅴ.阅读理解
　　地震之谜：从灾难预警到未来利用 When we feel the ground moves suddenly， it means that an earthquake may come. Many of the earthquakes first come under the sea and then happen anywhere on the earth. Especially they often happen near the mountains and seas such as Wenchuan， Japan and Indonesia（印度尼西亚）.
　　When an earthquake happens， it’s very easy to cause a tsunami（海啸）. Houses fall down， many people are injured and even die.
　　Now scientists are trying their best to study earthquakes. They make maps to show the “earthquake belts（地震带）”. So the houses there must be quite strong.
　　We believe that scientists will be able to tell us when and where an earthquake will happen in the near future. Also， they can tell us what to do and how to do. People can even use earthquakes to do something for us humans.
阅读以上材料，判读下列句子正误。正确填A、错误填B。
（　A　）26.Japan is a country with many earthquakes because it is near the sea.
（　A　）27.In “earthquake belts”， people build strong houses for safety.
（　B　）28.Scientists can prevent earthquakes from happening.
（　B　）29.Many people lost their lives in the earthquakes because they didn’t help each other.
（　A　）30.Sometimes an earthquake happens with a tsunami.
3　Secondary disasters
@激活基础
Ⅰ.任务型完形填空辨识训练
landslide， destruction， nuclear， highlight， chain
1.After the rain， a 　landslide　 buried the village.
2.A long 　chain　 of bad weather caused the flood.
3.The news will 　highlight　 the brave firefighters.
4.The 　destruction　 of the old temple was a great loss.
5.The 　nuclear　 accident released dangerous radiation（辐射）.
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
6.The bomb caused a huge 　explosion　（explode）.
7. 　Coastal　（coast） cities are often hit by typhoons.
8.The building was completely 　destroyed　（destroy）.
9.The flood caused 　secondary　（second） problems like diseases.
Ⅲ.根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子（每空一词）
10.消防员用了半小时控制住野火。
Firefighters took 　half　 　an　 　hour　 to control the wildfire.
11.政府必须处理核泄漏风险。
The government must 　deal　 　with　 the risk of nuclear leaks.
12.发现洪水预警后，村民们立刻采取行动转移到安全地带。
After the flood warning， villagers 　took　 　action　 to move to safe places at once.
13.撒哈拉是一个干旱的地区，每年的降雨量不足 100 毫米。
Sahara is a dry world with 　less　 　than　 100mm rainfall every year.
15.酸雨还会侵蚀建筑物。它还会对其他一切事物产生影响。
Acid rain also eats away at buildings. It can have an 　impact　 　on　 everything else.
@知能提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
　　海啸来袭别慌！这些保命技巧要记牢 What is a tsunami？ Tsunamis are often caused by earthquakes or volcanoes（火山）. The average（平均的） speed of the waves is 300 mph and the waves can last from five minutes to an hour.
　　What to do in a tsunami？
　　Firstly， when a strong earthquake is felt， leave the water at once， get to the shore（海岸） and go as far away as you can from the beach fast. If it allows， go to a higher ground.
　　Secondly， turn on the TV for news and weather report. They will tell you more about the tsunami.
　　Thirdly， get all members of your family together and let everyone know the tsunami is coming. Choose a place to stay together. Make sure the place is safe and as far away from the shore as possible. Bring emergency supplies（应急用品） when you have to leave your house.
　　At last， if you find a huge wave is coming， climb onto the roof of your house or on the highest point of the nearest building. Hold on to anything that’s strong enough. Climb a tree if you have to.
　　For a tsunami， the only way to survive（幸存） it is to be prepared.
阅读以上材料，回答下列各小题。
（　A　）14.When a tsunami comes， the waves will 　　　　.
A.go as quickly as 300 mph
B.become stronger before the earthquake
C.cause heavy rain
D.last shorter and shorter
（　C　）15.How many suggestions are mentioned in this passage？
A.Two. B.Three.
C.Four. D.Five.
（　B　）16.We should do the following when a tsunami is coming EXCEPT 　　　　.
A.listening to the weather report
B.going to a low place to keep safe
C.getting emergency supplies ready
D.leaving the water as far away as you can
（　D　）17. What’s the best title of the passage？
A.How to keep safe in the water
B.What a tsunami is
C.What to do after a tsunami
D.How to survive a tsunami
Ⅴ.任务型阅读理解
阅读下面材料，并按要求完成第18至22小题。
　　种一棵树，挡一场沙 In northern China during spring， big sandstorms often make trouble for people. Sandstorms usually happen in spring. They happened in more than 10 provinces in northern China this year. People in southern China don’t have to worry about this kind of bad weather. Most of the sand comes from the north of China. In northern China， lots of places have few trees and don’t get much rain. People there have been cutting down too many trees. When there aren’t many trees， the ground can’t keep enough water. Over the years， the ground dries up and turns to sand. When spring comes and the ice melts， the ground becomes loose（松散的）. Strong winds take the loose sand into the sky.
　　Sandstorms are bad for people’s health. If people breathe too much sand， they could cough or have asthma（哮喘）. Sandstorms also give farmers lots of problems. Sometimes their sheep get lost in the storms and never get back home. The winds also tear farmers’ houses down.
　　What can you do to stop sandstorms？ Here’s an idea：Ask your parents to help you plant some trees this spring. If you see people cutting down too many trees， tell them about the dangers of sandstorms， and ask your government to stop them.
18.When do sandstorms usually happen？
The sandstorms usually happen 　in spring　.
19.Where does most of the sand come from？
Most of the sand comes from 　the north of China　.
20.How can the ground keep enough water？
The ground can keep enough water if there are 　enough/many/plenty of trees　.
21.Why are sandstorms bad for people’s health？
Because if people breathe too much sand， they could 　cough or have asthma　.
22.What’s your idea to help stop sandstorms？
　We can plant more trees.（言之有理且无语法错误即可）　
4　Natural disasters are dangerous！
@激活基础
Ⅰ.任务型完形填空辨识训练
per， overflow， storm， damage， terrible
1.How long do you think this 　storm　 will last？
2.The ground shook and the whole city was in a 　terrible　 mess.
3.Understanding nature’s rules is a great way to reduce the 　damage　 of disasters.
4.When the wind speed is over 30 metres 　per　 second， a typhoon begins.
5.Flash floods 　overflow　 rivers banks（河岸） and wash everything in their path to pieces.
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
6.If your building is 　badly　（bad） broken， you should leave it.
7.Although Xiang Yu was defeated， he still led many 　troops　（troop）.
8.Wildfires are terrible fires that spread fast through forests or 　grasslands　（grassland）.
9.After more than four hours of efforts， the man was 　successfully　（successful） rescued.
10.Large 　amounts　（amount） of rain fall in summer.
Ⅲ.根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子（每空一词）
11.让发动机冷却后再检查。
Let the engine 　cool　 　down　 before checking.
12.全世界都在与气候变化作斗争。
The world is 　fighting　 　against　 climate change.
13.海啸巨浪高达十五米。
The tsunami waves reached 　up　 　to　 fifteen metres.
14.灾区收到了大量的帐篷和药品。
The disaster zone received 　large　 　amounts　 　of　 tents and medicine.
15.每年都有数以百万计的家庭遭受洪水、龙卷风以及其他自然灾害的侵袭。
　Millions　 　of　 families face floods， tornadoes and other natural disasters every year.
@知能提升
Ⅳ.完形填空
　　台风避险小妙招 Typhoons are 　15　 storms with strong winds and heavy rain. They often hit Hainan in summer and autumn， and bring 　16　 like floods and broken trees. Here is some advice 　17　 staying safe around typhoons.
　　First， listen to weather reports to know when the storm will 　18　. Second， prepare enough food， water and a first-aid box. Also， make sure your windows and doors are 　19　.
　　Stay indoors， away from windows—strong winds may 　20　 windows. Turn off TVs， computers and so on. If floodwaters enter your home， move to a 　21　 place at once.
　　Wait until it is reported to be safe for going out. Check around carefully for dangers such as broken glass. When helping 　22　， wear gloves and ask adults for help to stay safe.
　　Typhoons can be dangerous，　23　 being well prepared saves lives！ Follow the advice above to protect yourself and your family. Remember， 　24　 the right decision can help to keep you safe.
（　B　）15.A.light B.powerful C.quiet D.much
（　A　）16.A.dangers B.chances C.messages D.news
（　A　）17.A.on B.in C.from D.at
（　D　）18.A.go B.get C.turn D.arrive
（　C　）19.A.big B.open C.closed D.small
（　B　）20.A.make B.break C.fix D.keep
（　B　）21.A.closer B.higher C.farther D.lower
（　A　）22.A.clean up B.use up C.give up D.look up
（　D　）23.A.because B.and C.or D.but
（　D　）24.A.make B.made C.makes D.making
Ⅴ.阅读理解
　　
　　一场持续四天的风暴：我的停电日记
Tuesday， Jan. 6， 9：50 p.m. 　　We were sitting in our warm living room. The TV was on， and everything was peaceful. Suddenly the light went on and off for a few times and then went out completely. Then the rain started， and everything went black. We found the flashlight and some candles and went to bed.
Wednesday， Jan. 7， 7：30 a.m. 　　My first thought after waking up was that it was pretty cold in my bedroom. Clearly， the power（电力供应） didn’t come back. After I looked out of the window， I felt even sadder： it was still raining heavily. The room was becoming colder and colder. We had no idea when the power would come back， so my wife started a fire in the fireplace.
Thursday， Jan. 8， 12：30 p.m. 　　The snow started. The poor trees now had to carry the heavy snow. The storm seemed to last and we had nothing to do but stay at home.
Friday， Jan. 9， 6：00 p.m. 　　Still no power. Even though we lit（点燃） a few candles， it was still difficult to do anything in their weak light. I was sitting near several candles， but I had trouble reading.
Saturday， Jan. 10， 1：00 p.m. 　　The storm stopped this morning， and I drove my car to look for an open store. The trees along the roads were broken. I only bought the most necessary things： bread， some fruit， more drinking water and batteries（电池） for the flashlight. On my way home， the power came back and people were very happy.
阅读以上材料，回答下列各小题。
（　B　）25.How did the writer feel when he found it was still raining heavily？
A.Angry. B.Sad.
C.Scared. D.Shocked.
（　D　）26.Why did the writer say it was hard to do anything during the storm？
A.It was too cold in the room.
B.The flashlight had no batteries.
C.The light kept going on and off.
D.The light of candles was too weak.
（　D　）27. What did the writer buy when he drove out？
①Newspapers.　　②Water.
③Batteries. 　　④Food.
A.①②③ B.①②④
C.①③④ D.②③④
（　C　）28. What’s the right order of the following events？
a.The writer had difficulty reading without power.
b.People enjoyed themselves peacefully.
c.The writer bought something necessary.
d.The light went off.
A.a-b-c-d B.b-a-d-c C.b-d-a-c D.d-b-a-c
5　Let’s do an escape drill！
@激活基础
Ⅰ.任务型完形填空辨识训练
real， hit， cover， respond， moment
1.　Cover　 your head and neck with your hands.
2.Since 2005， three droughts have 　hit　 the Amazon Rainforest.
3.It’s a good idea to practise what you could do in a 　real　 emergency.
4.Keeping calm is important at that 　moment　.
5.From this incident， we can learn much about how to 　respond　 in times of danger.
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
6.　Amazingly　（amazing）， in this place， the sun sometimes hangs even in the midnight sky.
7.She can swim 　safely　（safe） in the shallow water.
8.During an earthquake， most deaths and 　injuries　 （injury） are caused by heavy falling objects.
9.In times of disaster， the best survival strategy for people is usually 　to follow　（follow） the group.
10.The 　increasing　（increase） frequency of extreme weather has a lot to do with human activities.
Ⅲ.根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子（每空一词）
11.弯下腰，尽量贴近地面。
　Bend　 　down　 and stay close to the ground.
12.学校每月都会组织一次疏散演练。
The school organises an 　escape　 　drill　 once a month.
13.随即有人大声喊道，让工人们安静下来。
Immediately someone 　shouted　 　to　 tell the workers to be silent.
14.同时，我们也应该珍惜自己的生命以及身边的人。
　At　 　the　 　same　 　time　， we should also cherish our lives and the people around us.
15.如果你看到火情，就立刻向外转移到开阔地带，无需多想。
If you see the fire， move outdoors to an open 　area　 without 　thinking　 　twice　.
@知能提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
　　飓风科普入门：从等级到安全建议 Hurricanes（飓风） are storms. They can cause terrible waves， wind and rain. They happen in the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean most of the time.
Category（分类） 　　Scientists divide（划分） them into five categories according to the wind speed. A Category 5 hurricane can destroy all the buildings.
Time 　　Hurricane Season usually comes on June 1st and ends on November 30th in the Atlantic Ocean， from May 15th to November 30th in the Pacific Ocean.
Danger 　　It can cause flood when a hurricane comes with heavy rain. A hurricane has an eye. The eye means the center of a hurricane. After the eye passes， the wind and rain come again.
Safety advice 　　Stay inside during the hurricane， or you’ll be injured.
阅读以上材料，回答下列各小题。
（　A　）15.What can be used to divide hurricanes according to the passage？
A.By wind speed.
B.By the degree of damage.
C.By the places of hurricanes.
D.By the time of happening.
（　C　）16.How long does Hurricane Season usually last in the Atlantic Ocean？
A.About 4 months.
B.About 5 months.
C.About 6 months.
D.About 7 months.
（　C　）17.What should we do when a hurricane happens？
A.Call the police.
B.Walk outside.
C.Stay inside.
D.Run after it.
Ⅴ.任务型完形填空
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯，每个单词限用一次。
warn， for， our， calm， save， see， when， turn， what， so
　　地震瞬间：一场虚惊与一堂终身的安全课 Natural disasters can happen suddenly and cause great harm. Last month， a strong earthquake hit 18.　our　 city. I was doing homework in my room 19.　when　 the floor started shaking. At first， I didn’t realise 20.　what　 was happening. Then my mum shouted， “Earthquake！ Get under the table！”
　　Luckily， our neighbour had 21.　warned　 us about the possible earthquake the day before， 22.　so　 we were a little ready. My dad rushed to 23.　turn　 off the gas quickly， and we all hid under the table. The whole process only took a few seconds.
　　After the earthquake， we 24.　saw　 many people volunteering to help those in trouble. A little girl was trapped in a fallen house， but firefighters 25.　saved　 her safely. It was scary， but we learned a lesson： we should always prepare 26.　for　 natural disasters and stay 27.　calm　 when they come.
Understanding cultures　Measures to prevent floods
@激活基础
Ⅰ.任务型完形填空辨识训练
gate， measure， common， cause， specific
1.We need to take safety 　measures　 to protect the children.
2.We should make decisions according to 　specific　 conditions.
3.When I said hello to her at the 　gate　， she replied with a big smile.
4.According to scientists， a lake with a round shape is very 　common　.
5.Hurricanes（飓风） are very powerful storms that can 　cause　 terrible harm.
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子（每空一词）
6.确保你的门窗都关好了。
　Make　 　sure 　your windows and doors are closed.
7.中国力求到2030年将80％的城市建设成为“海绵城市”。
China 　aims　 　to 　transform 80％ of its cities into “Sponge Cities” by 2030.
8. 中国位于欧亚板块上，由于地球板块相互碰撞，该地区地震频发。
China is 　located　 　on　 the Eurasia plate， where earthquakes happen frequently due to the Earth’s plates knocking against each other.
@知能提升
Ⅲ.口语交际
阅读下面的对话，根据上下文，从方框内选择恰当的选项补全对话，使句意完整、符合逻辑。（其中有两项为多余选项）
A.When did it happen？ B.What’s the matter？ C.Some of them fell down. D.Some of them were still sleeping then. E.Did many people die from the earthquake？ F.Did you shout for help？ G.I will never forget it.
A： Hey， Linda. You look worried. 9.　B　
B： I just read the article about the earthquake in the magazine.
A： Really？ 10.　A　
B： It happened at 6：05 a.m. on January the 7th.
A： 11.　E　
B： Yes. Many people lost their lives.
A： I’m sorry to hear that. What were people doing when the earthquake happened？
B： 12.　D 　 Also， it was cold outside， so most of them were staying in the buildings.
A： I see. What about the buildings？ Were they all right？
B： I don’t think so. 13.　C　 As a result， many people died.
A： That’s really bad. Is there anything we can do to help？
B： That’s for sure. We are going to give away our pocket money to people there.
A： That’s a good idea.
单元语法聚焦　Grammar
@语法精讲
构词法：合成和派生
@语法精练
（中考考点变式练）
Ⅰ.语法与情景对话
（　D　）1.Which of the following suffixes（后缀） means “without”？
A.-able B.-ful C.-ous D.-less
（　C　）2.In the words “unable” and “unfair”， “un－” means “　　　　”.
A.very B.more C.not D.less
（　A　）3.A 　　　　 girl won the international piano competition.
A.ten-year-old B.ten years old
C.ten-years-old D.ten-year-olds
（　A　）4.What a pity！ He didn’t win the 　　　　 hurdles（跨栏）.
A.110-metre B.110-metres
C.110 metre D.110 metres
（　A　）5.—How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha？
—It is a 　　　　 flight from Tianjin to Changsha.
A.2-hour-long B.2-hours-long
C.2 hours’ long D.2 hour long
（　B　）6.Which of the following words is formed like “homework”？
A.inventor B.raincoat
C.dishonest D.careless
（　D　）7.Which of the following words can NOT be added the prefix “un－” to give it the opposite meaning？
A.happy B.healthy
C.usual D.polite
（　C　）8.Frank 　　　　 entered the final competition last month. His hobby has brought him 　　　　.
A.successful； success
B.successful； successfully
C.successfully； success
D.successfully； successful
（　C　）9.—How far is it from your home to Jiang Ziya Square？
—It’s about 　　　　.
A.15 minutes B.15 minutes walk
C.a 15－minute walk D.15－minute-walk
（　D　）10.Which word is created in the same way as “blackboard”？ They are both compound words（合成词）.
A.careful B.impolite
C.illness D.gentleman
（　A　）11.The word “retell” means “to tell again”； “reuse” means “to use again”； “　　　　” probably means “to play again”.
A.replay B.misplay C.display D.interplay
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
11.We were touched by the 　warmth　（warm） of the welcome.
12.With the 　development　（develop） of science and technology， people can live a better life in the future.
13.Many 　visitors　（visit） came to the hometown of the great man during the vacation.
14.She is a famous tennis 　player　（play）.
15.Vincent is a well-known 　director　（ direct）. He is popular among film lovers.
16.My neighbour is a famous 　singer　（sing） and she often does charity work.
17.I tried to talk with them， but they 　disagree　（agree） with me.
18.The noise made sleep 　impossible 　（possible）， so I got up and read a book.
单元主题写作　Writing
@写作话题剖析
　　本单元的话题是“自然灾害与日常生活”，要求学生能够用英语描述常见的自然灾害（如地震、洪水、台风等）的成因、影响及其对日常生活的冲击，并探讨预防措施、应急方法和灾后重建等现实问题。常以记叙文、说明文或应用文呈现。
@写作素材积累
【短语】
1. 　less than　少于
2.　half an hour　半小时
3. 　deal with　处理
4. 　take action　采取行动
5. 　fight against　与……作斗争
【句型】
1.We should 　shut all windows and doors　（把所有的门窗都关上）.
6.If an earthquake happens， we should stay calm and quickly find shelter to 　protect 　ourselves 　from　 falling objects.如果发生地震，我们要保持冷静，迅速寻找遮蔽处，保护自己免受坠落物的伤害。
7.If you are outside， get to an open area 　as　 　fast　 　as　 you can.如果你在户外，就尽快跑到开阔的地方。
8.Practice often so you don’t have to stop to think 　during　 　a　 　real　 　emergency　.经常开展演练，这样在真正的紧急情况下，你就不用停下来思考。
@学以致用
　　近年来，我们身边发生了各种灾害。假如你是一名中学生，正参加英语写作大赛，请你根据以下内容写一篇英语短文，介绍在不同的灾害中保护自己的方法，同时提出预防措施。
要求：1. 要点齐全，语句通顺，意思连贯，符合题意；
2. 文中不得使用真实的个人姓名或学校名称；
3. 词数：80词左右。
思路提示：
　　表明写作意图（…there have been…）→具体阐述应对不同灾害的方法及预防措施（When there is a …If…If…We should take action…）→表达自己的愿望（Hope we can…）
　　　In recent years， there have been many disasters， such as floods， earthquakes， fires and so on.　
　When there is a flood， we should get to high ground and make sure not to walk through the flood water. If an earthquake happens， we can hide under a strong desk and stay away from a window. If a fire happens， we can use a wet towel to cover our mouth and nose and stay low to the ground.　
　　　Of course， we should take action to prevent future disasters. We can plant more trees and protect wild animals. We can also share some related information with others.　
　　　Hope we can have a better world in the future.Unit 8　Natural disasters
1　Disaster safety tips
单元主题：人与自然——自然灾害与防范措施（了解自然灾害的特点、危害，掌握防灾避险方法）
@激活基础
Ⅰ.任务型完形填空辨识训练
wildfire， typhoon， shut， lighting， earthquake
1.The destroyed many houses.
2.The lit up the whole sky.
3.The forest burned for three days.
4.She the window before the rain came.
5.An shook the city early this morning.
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
6.Wildfire smoke is bad for your （lung）.
7.Tornado（龙卷风） is a （power） natural force.
8.The authorities advise citizens （stay） at home in bad weather disasters.
9.Indoor air pollution can hurt people’s eyes， noses and （throat）.
10.Human beings are learning to overcome（克服） all kinds of natural （disaster）.
Ⅲ.根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子（每空一词）
11.说到自然灾害，我们必须保持冷静。
When it natural disasters， we must stay calm.
12.下落的物体受重力定律的支配。
obey the law of gravity.
13.在台风来袭时，人们必须待在室内以确保自身安全。
People must for their safety during a typhoon.
14.镜泊湖位于牡丹江市。它是由一次火山喷发形成的。
Jingpo Lake is located in Mudanjiang. It is formed by a .
15.在海滩上，当海啸发生时，应迅速远离大海并迅速登上高地。
On a beach， run away from the sea and move quickly to when a tsunami happens.
@知能提升
Ⅳ.口语交际
阅读下面的对话，根据上下文，从方框内选择恰当的选项补全对话，使对话完整、逻辑通顺。（其中有两项为多余选项）
A.Was the flood very terrible？ B.That sounded bad. C.He and his family moved to his uncle’s house. D.What happened？ E.How long did the rain last？ F.That sounded great. G.That’s all right.
A： Mike， did you hear about the flood in Wuhan last night？
B： No. 14.
A： My e-friend Lin Tao told me about it. It rained for a long time.
B： 15.
A： For about two weeks.
B： 16.
A： Yes， it was very terrible. There was water all around his house. Most of his furniture and his books got wet.
B： 17. Did your e-friend still live in his house？
A： No. 18. There was no flood there because his uncle lives far away.
2　Staying safe in an earthquake
@激活基础
Ⅰ. 任务型完形填空辨识训练
anytime， occur， survival， plenty， lift
1.Never get into a during an earthquake.
2.Natural disasters can hit anywhere， .
3.Be sure to bring of water when you go out.
4.Your chances of in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm.
5.If flooding ， head to higher ground—never walk through moving water！
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
6.Earthquakes suddenly shake the ground， often without （warn）.
7.When the earthquake starts， do not stand near walls or （window）.
8.When the flood came， my dad （quick） turned off the electricity and gas.
9.We must act （rapid） in a natural disaster.
10.It is really necessary to learn something about how （protect） yourself in such terrible weather.
Ⅲ.根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子（每空一词）
11.我们应该远离危险。
We should danger.
12.电话拨打次数过多会致使电话系统崩溃。
Too many calls will the phone system.
13.警察让他靠边停车。
The police asked him to .
14.雷雨天气里，我们要留意掉落的树木。
We should an eye for falling trees during a thunderstorm.
15.为了保证安全，不要站在树下或电线杆旁。
To ， do not stand under trees or power lines.
@知能提升
Ⅳ.完形填空
　　自然灾害自救指南 Natural disasters can happen suddenly and cause great damage. As middle school students， we need to know 　16　 to protect ourselves.
　　When it comes to earthquakes， if we are indoors， we should 　17　 hide under a strong table or desk and protect our heads and necks with our hands. We mustn’t be afraid or 　18　.
　　During a flood， we need to 　19　 going to low-lying areas and stay away from rivers and lakes. If we receive a 　20　， we should follow the instructions（指引） of the local government and move to a 　21　 place in time.
　　For wildfires， we should never play with fire in the forest. If we notice a fire， we must 　22　 it to the government immediately. During a storm， we should stay away from windows and doors to keep safe from the flying objects.
　　For typhoons， we should stay indoors and close all the windows and doors. Do not go out until the typhoon has 　23　. Lightning is also dangerous. When there is a thunderstorm， we should stay away from large 　24　 and metal（金属） objects.
　　By learning and practising these preventive methods， we can better protect ourselves and our families from the 　25　 of natural disasters. Have you got them？
( )16.A.why B.how C.when D.where
( )17.A.happily B.quietly C.luckily D.quickly
( )18.A.stay calm B.run around
C.shout loudly D.jump down
( )19.A.keep B.notice C.avoid D.remember
( )20.A.writing B.calling C.talking D.helping
( )21.A.safe B.busy C.clean D.empty
( )22.A.give B.send C.report D.present
( )23.A.passed B.moved C.turned D.changed
( )24.A.rocks B.hills C.fields D.forests
( )25.A.stress B.damage C.trouble D.pollution
Ⅴ.阅读理解
　　地震之谜：从灾难预警到未来利用 When we feel the ground moves suddenly， it means that an earthquake may come. Many of the earthquakes first come under the sea and then happen anywhere on the earth. Especially they often happen near the mountains and seas such as Wenchuan， Japan and Indonesia（印度尼西亚）.
　　When an earthquake happens， it’s very easy to cause a tsunami（海啸）. Houses fall down， many people are injured and even die.
　　Now scientists are trying their best to study earthquakes. They make maps to show the “earthquake belts（地震带）”. So the houses there must be quite strong.
　　We believe that scientists will be able to tell us when and where an earthquake will happen in the near future. Also， they can tell us what to do and how to do. People can even use earthquakes to do something for us humans.
阅读以上材料，判读下列句子正误。正确填A、错误填B。
( )26.Japan is a country with many earthquakes because it is near the sea.
( )27.In “earthquake belts”， people build strong houses for safety.
( )28.Scientists can prevent earthquakes from happening.
( )29.Many people lost their lives in the earthquakes because they didn’t help each other.
( )30.Sometimes an earthquake happens with a tsunami.
3　Secondary disasters
@激活基础
Ⅰ.任务型完形填空辨识训练
landslide， destruction， nuclear， highlight， chain
1.After the rain， a buried the village.
2.A long of bad weather caused the flood.
3.The news will the brave firefighters.
4.The of the old temple was a great loss.
5.The accident released dangerous radiation（辐射）.
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
6.The bomb caused a huge （explode）.
7. （coast） cities are often hit by typhoons.
8.The building was completely （destroy）.
9.The flood caused （second） problems like diseases.
Ⅲ.根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子（每空一词）
10.消防员用了半小时控制住野火。
Firefighters took to control the wildfire.
11.政府必须处理核泄漏风险。
The government must the risk of nuclear leaks.
12.发现洪水预警后，村民们立刻采取行动转移到安全地带。
After the flood warning， villagers to move to safe places at once.
13.撒哈拉是一个干旱的地区，每年的降雨量不足 100 毫米。
Sahara is a dry world with 100mm rainfall every year.
15.酸雨还会侵蚀建筑物。它还会对其他一切事物产生影响。
Acid rain also eats away at buildings. It can have an everything else.
@知能提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
　　海啸来袭别慌！这些保命技巧要记牢 What is a tsunami？ Tsunamis are often caused by earthquakes or volcanoes（火山）. The average（平均的） speed of the waves is 300 mph and the waves can last from five minutes to an hour.
　　What to do in a tsunami？
　　Firstly， when a strong earthquake is felt， leave the water at once， get to the shore（海岸） and go as far away as you can from the beach fast. If it allows， go to a higher ground.
　　Secondly， turn on the TV for news and weather report. They will tell you more about the tsunami.
　　Thirdly， get all members of your family together and let everyone know the tsunami is coming. Choose a place to stay together. Make sure the place is safe and as far away from the shore as possible. Bring emergency supplies（应急用品） when you have to leave your house.
　　At last， if you find a huge wave is coming， climb onto the roof of your house or on the highest point of the nearest building. Hold on to anything that’s strong enough. Climb a tree if you have to.
　　For a tsunami， the only way to survive（幸存） it is to be prepared.
阅读以上材料，回答下列各小题。
( )14.When a tsunami comes， the waves will 　　　　.
A.go as quickly as 300 mph
B.become stronger before the earthquake
C.cause heavy rain
D.last shorter and shorter
( )15.How many suggestions are mentioned in this passage？
A.Two. B.Three.
C.Four. D.Five.
( )16.We should do the following when a tsunami is coming EXCEPT 　　　　.
A.listening to the weather report
B.going to a low place to keep safe
C.getting emergency supplies ready
D.leaving the water as far away as you can
( )17. What’s the best title of the passage？
A.How to keep safe in the water
B.What a tsunami is
C.What to do after a tsunami
D.How to survive a tsunami
Ⅴ.任务型阅读理解
阅读下面材料，并按要求完成第18至22小题。
　　种一棵树，挡一场沙 In northern China during spring， big sandstorms often make trouble for people. Sandstorms usually happen in spring. They happened in more than 10 provinces in northern China this year. People in southern China don’t have to worry about this kind of bad weather. Most of the sand comes from the north of China. In northern China， lots of places have few trees and don’t get much rain. People there have been cutting down too many trees. When there aren’t many trees， the ground can’t keep enough water. Over the years， the ground dries up and turns to sand. When spring comes and the ice melts， the ground becomes loose（松散的）. Strong winds take the loose sand into the sky.
　　Sandstorms are bad for people’s health. If people breathe too much sand， they could cough or have asthma（哮喘）. Sandstorms also give farmers lots of problems. Sometimes their sheep get lost in the storms and never get back home. The winds also tear farmers’ houses down.
　　What can you do to stop sandstorms？ Here’s an idea：Ask your parents to help you plant some trees this spring. If you see people cutting down too many trees， tell them about the dangers of sandstorms， and ask your government to stop them.
18.When do sandstorms usually happen？
The sandstorms usually happen .
19.Where does most of the sand come from？
Most of the sand comes from .
20.How can the ground keep enough water？
The ground can keep enough water if there are .
21.Why are sandstorms bad for people’s health？
Because if people breathe too much sand， they could .
22.What’s your idea to help stop sandstorms？
4　Natural disasters are dangerous！
@激活基础
Ⅰ.任务型完形填空辨识训练
per， overflow， storm， damage， terrible
1.How long do you think this will last？
2.The ground shook and the whole city was in a mess.
3.Understanding nature’s rules is a great way to reduce the of disasters.
4.When the wind speed is over 30 metres second， a typhoon begins.
5.Flash floods rivers banks（河岸） and wash everything in their path to pieces.
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
6.If your building is （bad） broken， you should leave it.
7.Although Xiang Yu was defeated， he still led many （troop）.
8.Wildfires are terrible fires that spread fast through forests or （grassland）.
9.After more than four hours of efforts， the man was （successful） rescued.
10.Large （amount） of rain fall in summer.
Ⅲ.根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子（每空一词）
11.让发动机冷却后再检查。
Let the engine before checking.
12.全世界都在与气候变化作斗争。
The world is climate change.
13.海啸巨浪高达十五米。
The tsunami waves reached fifteen metres.
14.灾区收到了大量的帐篷和药品。
The disaster zone received tents and medicine.
15.每年都有数以百万计的家庭遭受洪水、龙卷风以及其他自然灾害的侵袭。
families face floods， tornadoes and other natural disasters every year.
@知能提升
Ⅳ.完形填空
　　台风避险小妙招 Typhoons are 　15　 storms with strong winds and heavy rain. They often hit Hainan in summer and autumn， and bring 　16　 like floods and broken trees. Here is some advice 　17　 staying safe around typhoons.
　　First， listen to weather reports to know when the storm will 　18　. Second， prepare enough food， water and a first-aid box. Also， make sure your windows and doors are 　19　.
　　Stay indoors， away from windows—strong winds may 　20　 windows. Turn off TVs， computers and so on. If floodwaters enter your home， move to a 　21　 place at once.
　　Wait until it is reported to be safe for going out. Check around carefully for dangers such as broken glass. When helping 　22　， wear gloves and ask adults for help to stay safe.
　　Typhoons can be dangerous，　23　 being well prepared saves lives！ Follow the advice above to protect yourself and your family. Remember， 　24　 the right decision can help to keep you safe.
( )15.A.light B.powerful C.quiet D.much
( )16.A.dangers B.chances C.messages D.news
( )17.A.on B.in C.from D.at
( )18.A.go B.get C.turn D.arrive
( )19.A.big B.open C.closed D.small
( )20.A.make B.break C.fix D.keep
( )21.A.closer B.higher C.farther D.lower
( )22.A.clean up B.use up C.give up D.look up
( )23.A.because B.and C.or D.but
( )24.A.make B.made C.makes D.making
Ⅴ.阅读理解
　　
　　一场持续四天的风暴：我的停电日记
Tuesday， Jan. 6， 9：50 p.m. 　　We were sitting in our warm living room. The TV was on， and everything was peaceful. Suddenly the light went on and off for a few times and then went out completely. Then the rain started， and everything went black. We found the flashlight and some candles and went to bed.
Wednesday， Jan. 7， 7：30 a.m. 　　My first thought after waking up was that it was pretty cold in my bedroom. Clearly， the power（电力供应） didn’t come back. After I looked out of the window， I felt even sadder： it was still raining heavily. The room was becoming colder and colder. We had no idea when the power would come back， so my wife started a fire in the fireplace.
Thursday， Jan. 8， 12：30 p.m. 　　The snow started. The poor trees now had to carry the heavy snow. The storm seemed to last and we had nothing to do but stay at home.
Friday， Jan. 9， 6：00 p.m. 　　Still no power. Even though we lit（点燃） a few candles， it was still difficult to do anything in their weak light. I was sitting near several candles， but I had trouble reading.
Saturday， Jan. 10， 1：00 p.m. 　　The storm stopped this morning， and I drove my car to look for an open store. The trees along the roads were broken. I only bought the most necessary things： bread， some fruit， more drinking water and batteries（电池） for the flashlight. On my way home， the power came back and people were very happy.
阅读以上材料，回答下列各小题。
( )25.How did the writer feel when he found it was still raining heavily？
A.Angry. B.Sad.
C.Scared. D.Shocked.
( )26.Why did the writer say it was hard to do anything during the storm？
A.It was too cold in the room.
B.The flashlight had no batteries.
C.The light kept going on and off.
D.The light of candles was too weak.
( )27. What did the writer buy when he drove out？
①Newspapers.　　②Water.
③Batteries. 　　④Food.
A.①②③ B.①②④
C.①③④ D.②③④
( )28. What’s the right order of the following events？
a.The writer had difficulty reading without power.
b.People enjoyed themselves peacefully.
c.The writer bought something necessary.
d.The light went off.
A.a-b-c-d B.b-a-d-c C.b-d-a-c D.d-b-a-c
5　Let’s do an escape drill！
@激活基础
Ⅰ.任务型完形填空辨识训练
real， hit， cover， respond， moment
1. your head and neck with your hands.
2.Since 2005， three droughts have the Amazon Rainforest.
3.It’s a good idea to practise what you could do in a emergency.
4.Keeping calm is important at that .
5.From this incident， we can learn much about how to in times of danger.
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
6. （amazing）， in this place， the sun sometimes hangs even in the midnight sky.
7.She can swim （safe） in the shallow water.
8.During an earthquake， most deaths and （injury） are caused by heavy falling objects.
9.In times of disaster， the best survival strategy for people is usually （follow） the group.
10.The （increase） frequency of extreme weather has a lot to do with human activities.
Ⅲ.根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子（每空一词）
11.弯下腰，尽量贴近地面。
and stay close to the ground.
12.学校每月都会组织一次疏散演练。
The school organises an once a month.
13.随即有人大声喊道，让工人们安静下来。
Immediately someone tell the workers to be silent.
14.同时，我们也应该珍惜自己的生命以及身边的人。
， we should also cherish our lives and the people around us.
15.如果你看到火情，就立刻向外转移到开阔地带，无需多想。
If you see the fire， move outdoors to an open without .
@知能提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
　　飓风科普入门：从等级到安全建议 Hurricanes（飓风） are storms. They can cause terrible waves， wind and rain. They happen in the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean most of the time.
Category（分类） 　　Scientists divide（划分） them into five categories according to the wind speed. A Category 5 hurricane can destroy all the buildings.
Time 　　Hurricane Season usually comes on June 1st and ends on November 30th in the Atlantic Ocean， from May 15th to November 30th in the Pacific Ocean.
Danger 　　It can cause flood when a hurricane comes with heavy rain. A hurricane has an eye. The eye means the center of a hurricane. After the eye passes， the wind and rain come again.
Safety advice 　　Stay inside during the hurricane， or you’ll be injured.
阅读以上材料，回答下列各小题。
( )15.What can be used to divide hurricanes according to the passage？
A.By wind speed.
B.By the degree of damage.
C.By the places of hurricanes.
D.By the time of happening.
( )16.How long does Hurricane Season usually last in the Atlantic Ocean？
A.About 4 months.
B.About 5 months.
C.About 6 months.
D.About 7 months.
( )17.What should we do when a hurricane happens？
A.Call the police.
B.Walk outside.
C.Stay inside.
D.Run after it.
Ⅴ.任务型完形填空
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯，每个单词限用一次。
warn， for， our， calm， save， see， when， turn， what， so
　　地震瞬间：一场虚惊与一堂终身的安全课 Natural disasters can happen suddenly and cause great harm. Last month， a strong earthquake hit 18. city. I was doing homework in my room 19. the floor started shaking. At first， I didn’t realise 20. was happening. Then my mum shouted， “Earthquake！ Get under the table！”
　　Luckily， our neighbour had 21. us about the possible earthquake the day before， 22. we were a little ready. My dad rushed to 23. off the gas quickly， and we all hid under the table. The whole process only took a few seconds.
　　After the earthquake， we 24. many people volunteering to help those in trouble. A little girl was trapped in a fallen house， but firefighters 25. her safely. It was scary， but we learned a lesson： we should always prepare 26. natural disasters and stay 27. when they come.
Understanding cultures　Measures to prevent floods
@激活基础
Ⅰ.任务型完形填空辨识训练
gate， measure， common， cause， specific
1.We need to take safety to protect the children.
2.We should make decisions according to conditions.
3.When I said hello to her at the ， she replied with a big smile.
4.According to scientists， a lake with a round shape is very .
5.Hurricanes（飓风） are very powerful storms that can terrible harm.
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子（每空一词）
6.确保你的门窗都关好了。
your windows and doors are closed.
7.中国力求到2030年将80％的城市建设成为“海绵城市”。
China transform 80％ of its cities into “Sponge Cities” by 2030.
8. 中国位于欧亚板块上，由于地球板块相互碰撞，该地区地震频发。
China is the Eurasia plate， where earthquakes happen frequently due to the Earth’s plates knocking against each other.
@知能提升
Ⅲ.口语交际
阅读下面的对话，根据上下文，从方框内选择恰当的选项补全对话，使句意完整、符合逻辑。（其中有两项为多余选项）
A.When did it happen？ B.What’s the matter？ C.Some of them fell down. D.Some of them were still sleeping then. E.Did many people die from the earthquake？ F.Did you shout for help？ G.I will never forget it.
A： Hey， Linda. You look worried. 9.
B： I just read the article about the earthquake in the magazine.
A： Really？ 10.
B： It happened at 6：05 a.m. on January the 7th.
A： 11.
B： Yes. Many people lost their lives.
A： I’m sorry to hear that. What were people doing when the earthquake happened？
B： 12. Also， it was cold outside， so most of them were staying in the buildings.
A： I see. What about the buildings？ Were they all right？
B： I don’t think so. 13. As a result， many people died.
A： That’s really bad. Is there anything we can do to help？
B： That’s for sure. We are going to give away our pocket money to people there.
A： That’s a good idea.
单元语法聚焦　Grammar
@语法精讲
构词法：合成和派生
@语法精练
（中考考点变式练）
Ⅰ.语法与情景对话
( )1.Which of the following suffixes（后缀） means “without”？
A.-able B.-ful C.-ous D.-less
( )2.In the words “unable” and “unfair”， “un－” means “　　　　”.
A.very B.more C.not D.less
( )3.A 　　　　 girl won the international piano competition.
A.ten-year-old B.ten years old
C.ten-years-old D.ten-year-olds
( )4.What a pity！ He didn’t win the 　　　　 hurdles（跨栏）.
A.110-metre B.110-metres
C.110 metre D.110 metres
( )5.—How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha？
—It is a 　　　　 flight from Tianjin to Changsha.
A.2-hour-long B.2-hours-long
C.2 hours’ long D.2 hour long
( )6.Which of the following words is formed like “homework”？
A.inventor B.raincoat
C.dishonest D.careless
( )7.Which of the following words can NOT be added the prefix “un－” to give it the opposite meaning？
A.happy B.healthy
C.usual D.polite
( )8.Frank 　　　　 entered the final competition last month. His hobby has brought him 　　　　.
A.successful； success
B.successful； successfully
C.successfully； success
D.successfully； successful
( )9.—How far is it from your home to Jiang Ziya Square？
—It’s about 　　　　.
A.15 minutes B.15 minutes walk
C.a 15－minute walk D.15－minute-walk
( )10.Which word is created in the same way as “blackboard”？ They are both compound words（合成词）.
A.careful B.impolite
C.illness D.gentleman
( )11.The word “retell” means “to tell again”； “reuse” means “to use again”； “　　　　” probably means “to play again”.
A.replay B.misplay C.display D.interplay
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
11.We were touched by the （warm） of the welcome.
12.With the （develop） of science and technology， people can live a better life in the future.
13.Many （visit） came to the hometown of the great man during the vacation.
14.She is a famous tennis （play）.
15.Vincent is a well-known （ direct）. He is popular among film lovers.
16.My neighbour is a famous （sing） and she often does charity work.
17.I tried to talk with them， but they （agree） with me.
18.The noise made sleep （possible）， so I got up and read a book.
单元主题写作　Writing
@写作话题剖析
　　本单元的话题是“自然灾害与日常生活”，要求学生能够用英语描述常见的自然灾害（如地震、洪水、台风等）的成因、影响及其对日常生活的冲击，并探讨预防措施、应急方法和灾后重建等现实问题。常以记叙文、说明文或应用文呈现。
@写作素材积累
【短语】
1. 少于
2. 半小时
3. 处理
4. 采取行动
5. 与……作斗争
【句型】
1.We should （把所有的门窗都关上）.
6.If an earthquake happens， we should stay calm and quickly find shelter to ourselves falling objects.如果发生地震，我们要保持冷静，迅速寻找遮蔽处，保护自己免受坠落物的伤害。
7.If you are outside， get to an open area you can.如果你在户外，就尽快跑到开阔的地方。
8.Practice often so you don’t have to stop to think .经常开展演练，这样在真正的紧急情况下，你就不用停下来思考。
@学以致用
　　近年来，我们身边发生了各种灾害。假如你是一名中学生，正参加英语写作大赛，请你根据以下内容写一篇英语短文，介绍在不同的灾害中保护自己的方法，同时提出预防措施。
要求：1. 要点齐全，语句通顺，意思连贯，符合题意；
2. 文中不得使用真实的个人姓名或学校名称；
3. 词数：80词左右。
思路提示：
　　表明写作意图（…there have been…）→具体阐述应对不同灾害的方法及预防措施（When there is a …If…If…We should take action…）→表达自己的愿望（Hope we can…）

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