资源简介

(共22张PPT)
Using language
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Past perfect
Past perfect
一. 过去完成时的含义：
二. 过去完成时常用时间状语：
三. 过去完成时的基本结构：
四. 过去完成时的用法：
五. 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
六. 过去完成时与现在时的区别
七.实践应用. 练一练
Learning objectives
Activity 1
Now look for more sentences with the past perfect tense in the reading passage, and summarise its use in your own words.
1. It was a young man who had left medical school without completing
his degree.
2. ... he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he
would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”.
3. After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on
the ship was crowed with samples of the plants and animals he had
collected.
4. At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth
at the same time, and had not changed since.
5. It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was
available on that particular island.
6. Over time, it had slowly evolved into many new species.
一. 过去完成时的含义：
过去完成时: 是用来表示在过去某一动作或时
间点之前就已经完成的动作，即
“过去的过去”。
注意： 它的使用通常需要有一个明确的过去时间参照（如过
去时的句子、时间状语），以此凸显动作发生的先后
顺序。
Activity 2
二. 过去完成时常用时间状语：
(常用时间状语有 already，before，ever，just，never，still，yet；
since＋时间点，
for＋时间段，
by＋过去时间点：by yesterday、by the end of last year、by that time
by the time + 一般过去时从句：by the time the bell rang、by the time we got there
before + 过去时间点/一般过去时从句：before last Monday、before he left school
三. 过去完成时的基本结构：
1. 肯定形式： 主语 + had (缩写’d) + 过去分词 + 其他
2. 否定形式： 主语 + had not (缩写hadn’t) + 过去分词 + 其他
3. 一般疑问句形式： Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？
4. 特殊疑问句形式： 特殊疑问词 + had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？
原句：She had finished her homework before dinner.
-------肯定形式：She had finished her homework before dinner.
--------否定形式：She hadn`t finished her homework before dinner.
-------一般疑问句形式----Had she finished her homework before dinner
回答：---Yes, she had. / No, she hadn’t.
--------特殊疑问句形式: What had she finished before dinner
四. 过去完成时的用法：
1）表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的
状态，即“过去的过去”。
例如：
a. 我们到达火车站之前，火车就已经离开了。
Before we got to the train station, the train _____________.
b. 我还没来得及说谢谢，他就跑开了。
Before I could say “thank you”, he ____________.
had already left
had run away
2）表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的
动作，常用的时间状语有 by then, by the end of, by the time。
例如：
a. 到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2000个英语单词了。
By the end of last term, we _________ 2000 English words.
b. 到那时为止，他们已经在那里住了十年了。
They ______________ there for ten years by then.
had learnt
had lived
3）表示愿望、打算等的动词，如 hope, want, expect, think, mean,
suppose, intend, plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示
本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。
例如：
a. 我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。
I ____________ to meet him at the airport, but I had an important meeting to attend.
b. 我原打算今年去度假，可是我离不开。
I __________ to take a holiday this year but I was not able to get away.
had intended
had hoped
4）在句型 hardly ... when 和 no sooner … than 中，主句用过去
完成时，从句用一般过去时，表示“一……就……”。
例如：
a. 我刚离开就开始下雨了。
_______________ when it began to rain.
b. 他刚坐下，电话铃就响了。
No sooner ______________ than the telephone rang.
Hardly had I left
had he sat down
5. It was the first/second... time that sb. had done...
这是某人第一/第二……次做某事。
eg. It was the third time that the boy had been late.
这是那个男孩第三次迟到了。
五. 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
区别: 过去完成时和一般过去时的核心差异在于动作发生的时间逻辑：
一般过去时仅描述过去某个时间发生的单一动作/状态，
而过去完成时强调动作发生在另一个过去动作之前（即“过去的
过去”), 用于明确动作的先后顺序。
eg.1. 一般过去时（无先后）：She opened the door and walked in.
（她打开门走了进去，两个动作先后发生但均为过去时，无需强调“过去的过去”）
2. 过去完成时（有先后）：When she opened the door, she
found someone had broken into her house.
（她打开门时，发现有人闯过她家了，“闯入”发生在“开门”之前，用过去完成时）
六. 过去完成时与现在时的区别
区别: 过去完成时和现在完成时的核心区别在于动作参照的时间点不同：
现在完成时以现在为参照，强调动作与现在的关联；
过去完成时以过去为参照，强调动作发生在“过去的过去”，和现
在无直接关联.
eg.1.现在完成时（参照现在）
I have met him twice.
（我见过他两次，到现在为止的经历）
They have arrived at the station.（他们已经到车站了，现在的状态）
2.过去完成时（参照过去）
I told her I had met him twice.
（我告诉她我见过他两次，“见”在“告诉”前发生）
When we got there, they had arrived.（我们到那儿时，他们已经到了，
“到”在“我们到”前发生）
Exercises 1 .（用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空）
1. By the end of last term, we ________________ (learn) 3,000 English words.
2. The film ____________________ (already begin) when we got to the cinema.
3. She told me that she _____________________ (never visit) the Great Wall before.
4. By the time the teacher came in, the students _______________ (stop) talking.
5. He realized he _____________(leave) his textbook at home after he got to school.
had learned
had already begun
had never visited
had stopped
had left
Activity 3
七.实践应用. 练一练
6. Before last weekend, my parents _____________(plan) a trip to the countryside.
7. The little girl said she had ___________________ (just finish) her homework.
8. Hardly ___________ he ____________ (arrive) at the station when the train left.
9. I wished I _____________ (study) harder for the exam.
10. It was the fourth time that he______________ (miss)the early bus this month.
had planned
had just finished
arrived
had
had studied
had missed
Exercises 2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs
and phrasal verbs in brackets.
Jane _____________(watch) a nature film on TV when someone knocked on the door.
On our trip to Africa last year, we _______________(see) lions sitting in the tall grass watching us.
The girl, when _____________ (question) why she ___________ (cheat) in the exam, just lowered her head and kept silent.
was watching
saw
questioned
had cheated
4. The boy _____________ (cry) loudly because he ____________
(lose) his way in the jungle and thought he couldn’t go back home.
5. The young man insisted he ____________ (do) nothing wrong and
that the police ______________ (release) him．
5. By the end of last year, another new hospital _______________
(complete) in our city.
6. I got an e mail from my old friend last Sunday. Until then，we
_____________ (keep) in touch for nearly 3 years.
cried
had lost
had done
release
had completed
had kept
insist的用法
insist
insist on sth/doing sth
1.表示“坚持说；坚决认为(多与别人的观点不同)”，接that从句(从句的动作为已发生之事)，从句使用陈述语气。
He insisted that he had done right.
他坚决认为自己做对了
2.表示“坚决主张；坚持要求”，接that从句(从句的动作为将要发生之事）。谓语多为should型的虚拟语气，即：主语+should(可省略)+动词原形。
He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts.
他一定要我们收下这些礼物。
补充以上习题中： 第5题解析
Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences.
Activity 4 （P70. 2 小题）
1. began
2. had led to
3. developed
4. chose to
5. had made
Complete the online encyclopedia entry with the correct form of the words in the box.
compete decline eat
live introduce arrive
arrived
had lived
eaten
had introduced
competed
declined
P71.(第3小题）
Thank you!

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