资源简介

(共21张PPT)
UNIT 3
FOOD AND CULTURE
Section Ⅱ
Discovering Useful Structures
●语法概览
●语法精讲
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或事件以前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。
一、基本构成
1．过去完成时的主动语态：谓语由“had＋过去分词”构成。
David, you had worked so hard for this event and I deeply believed that you could make it.
大卫，你为这次活动付出了如此多的努力，我深信你能成功。
He realized that he hadn't eaten anything since yesterday.
他意识到从昨天起他什么都没吃。
2．过去完成时的被动语态：谓语由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)I could not believe my hard work had been recognized．
我不敢相信我的努力已经得到了认可。
More than three thousand English words had been learned by the end of last term.
到上学期末已经学习了三千多个英语单词了。
二、基本用法
1．一件事情发生在过去，且先于另外一件事情发生(即“过去的过去”)，那么发生在前的动作用过去完成时。
David's tearful eyes expressed that he had made a firm determination to finish the cross country run.
大卫泪眼汪汪，表示他已下定决心完成越野跑。
2．hope，expect，mean，intend，want，suppose 等的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。
We had wanted to help you，but we were too busy to get away.
我们本来想帮助你的，但忙得脱不开身。
3．用于一些固定句型中
(1)在“hardly/scarcely/barely...when...”和“no sooner...than...”句型中，when和than从句中用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，否定副词放在句首需用倒装，表示“刚刚……就……”。
(2023·新高考I卷)He hardly had announced I won the first place in the writing competition when everyone were surprised in disbelief firstly but then gave me thunderous applause.
他刚宣布我在写作比赛中得了第一名，大家先是惊讶得难以置信，然后又给了我雷鸣般的掌声。
No sooner had the starter's gun shot than David tottered forward with the other kids.
发令员的枪一响，大卫就和其他孩子一起，蹒跚着向前走。
(2)在“It was the first/second(...) time that...”中，that从句的谓语动词使用过去完成时。
It was the first time that we had been introduced at the conference.
这是我们第一次在会议上被别人介绍。
(3)在“主语＋was/were＋the＋最高级＋名词＋定语从句”中，从句的谓语动词常常使用过去完成时。
It was the best book I had ever read．
这是我读过的最好的一本书。
(4)by/by the end of/before＋过去时间，句子用过去完成时。
By nine o'clock last night，we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到飞船发来的200张图片。
By the end of last year, he had worked in that factory for twenty years.
到去年年底，他已经在那家工厂工作了二十年。
三、过去完成时的被动语态
过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。
The media reported more than 1，000 people had been killed in the earthquake.
媒体报道有1，000多人在地震中丧生。
This Monday morning I was informed I had been chosen as one of three exchange students from our college.
本周一早上，我得知我被选为我们学院的三名交换生之一。
语法精练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he (not hear)of the bus station.
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：就在那时，我遇到了甘特。我告诉他我要去哪里，但他说他没听说过那个公共汽车站。空处发生在said 之前，为过去的过去。故填hadn't heard。
2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)He picked me up at the bus station where he________________ (drop) me off four days before.
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：他在四天前让我下车的公共汽车站接我。由four days before可知，空处应发生在picked up 之前。故填had dropped。
hadn't heard
had dropped
3．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything (go) smoothly.
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：我告诉他，由于他的慷慨和及时的帮助，一切都进行得很顺利。根据语境可知事情进展顺利，然后告诉他。所以应用过去完成时。故填had gone。
4．(2024·全国甲卷)I (finish)reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending.
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：我读完了乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，结尾让我伤心欲绝。所以读完发生在伤心欲绝之前，应用过去完成时。故填had finished。
had gone
had finished
5．(2024·全国甲卷)They were part of a 15 member exploring party that _____________(spend) almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。根据语境可知应用过去完成时。故填had spent。
6．(2024·浙江1月卷)For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn't bother taking a look, as I (assume) that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories.
had spent
had assumed
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：在“图书馆”开放后的几个月里，我都懒得看一眼，因为我以为里面会塞满俗气的爱情故事。设空发生在opened之前，应用过去完成时。故填had assumed。
7．(2024·浙江1月卷改编)It would have been easy to rely on my assumptions about this highway builder who never (be) more than a few hundred miles from home.
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：要相信我对这位从未离开过家几百英里的公路建设者的假设是很容易的。根据语境可知，应用过去完成时。故填had been。
had been
8．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who __________________(trap) in the mountains for two days.
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。关系代词who 指代 two tourists，它与trap之间是动宾关系，故空处应用被动语态；又由“risked”可知，营救游客是过去发生的事情，两名游客被困两天发生在救援人员营救他们之前，即“过去的过去”。故填had been trapped。
9．By the end of 2020，Pruitt (repair) more than 140 for donation or to be returned to their owners.
had been trapped
had repaired
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：到2020年底，普鲁伊特已经修复了140多台，用于捐赠或归还给它们的主人。由句中的时间状语By the end of 2020可知，此处表示“过去的过去”。故填had repaired。
10．I walked over and asked him why he wasn't with the other children. He hesitated and then said he (decide) not to run.
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：我走过去问他为什么不和其他孩子在一起。他犹豫了一下，然后说他已经决定不跑了。由语境可知，decide 所表示的动作发生在said所表示的动作之前，发生在“过去的过去”，故应用过去完成时。故填had decided。
had decided
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我本希望昨晚回来的，但我没有赶上火车。
I last night, but I didn't catch a train.
2．这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
It was the first time that in English.
3．到上周末为止，他们已经完成了工作。
By the end of last week, ．
4．老师问我们是否做完了作业。
The teacher asked if ．
had hoped to be back
I had chatted online
they had finished the work
we had finished doing our homework
5．我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了，但实际上我忘记了。
I thought a week before, but I forget it actually.
6．我没有把上星期送去修的那块表拿回来。
I didn't fetch/haven't fetched the watch____________________________ last week.
Ⅲ.阅读下面文章，填入括号内单词的正确形式
The Titanic set sail on 10th April 1912.“I 1. (want) to set foot on the Titanic ever since it was built，” said Molly Browna, the
I had sent the letter
which/that had been repaired
had wanted
Titanic survivor. On 13th April the Titanic was sailing at full speed towards New York. The captain，who 2. (receive) warnings about icebergs all day, 3. (dismiss) the warnings as they arrived. At 2.20 a．m., the Titanic sank into the sea. It 4. (hit) an iceberg just over two hours before.
Explorer Robert Ballard 5. (search) for the Titanic for more than 20 years before he found it. With his cameras he was able to find the hole along the side of the ship which 6. (cause) it to fill with water and sink.
had received
had dismissed
had hit
had searched
had caused

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