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仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而
Words and Expressions
新人教选必四
Unit 4 SEA EXPLORATION
tale n. 故事，叙述
【词语辨析】story，tale，novel
story 是真实或虚构的故事；
tale 是传说或神话故事；
novel 是长篇小说。
【语块助记】
fairy tale 神话故事，童话；谎言
folk tale 民间故事
nursery tale 童话
tall tale 吹牛，说大话, 夸张的故事
tell tales 打小报告
merchant / m t nt/ n.商人;批发商 adj.海上货运的
merchandise v. 经营，销售 ；
/ m t nda z/ n. 商品，货物
【语块助记】
merchant seamen 商船船员
a speed merchant 好开快车的人
He had a job with an Edinburgh wine merchant.他在爱丁堡的一个
葡萄酒商那里做过事。
sail n. 帆; v. 航行；驾驶；起航
sailing n. 帆船运动，驾船航行；航班
sailor n. 水手；海员
【语块助记】
set sail (for +sp.) = sail for (sp.) 起航(去某地)
set sail (from A to B) (从A地)起航(去B地)
set sail across/ sail across 航行穿过……
After spending a brief period in Japan, she ________________ (启航前往) India.
We____________（自......起航）Shanghai on a sunny morning, excieted about our journey to Australia.
set sail for
set sail from
extend [ k'stend] vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
extension n. 延申；展期
extensive adj. 广阔的，广泛的
extended adj. 延长了的；扩展了的（仅用于名词前）
extent n. 程度，范围，长度
extensively adv 广泛地；大规模地；全面地
【语块助记】
extend...to... 把……延伸至……
extend from...to... 从……延伸到……
extend one’s hand 伸出援手；
extend sth. to sb. 向某人提供/给予某物
形近词：extent (to some extent);expand
近义词：stretch（拉伸）, prolong（时间延长）
Make sth longer
time
space
influence
body
welcome
invitation
to extend an invitation 发出邀请
to extend my sincere gratitude
表达我衷心的感谢
to extend a fence/road/house 扩建护栏╱公路╱房子
to extend a deadline/visa/life 延长最后期限╱签证/寿命
to extend business 拓展业务
to extend a very warm welcome to our visitors 向我们的客人表示热烈的欢迎
extended his hand 伸手
词汇扩充和助记
extend 语义网络图
伸开 / 伸出
extend
（基本义）
使身体部位伸开 / 伸出
使距离或时间伸开 / 伸出
使业务或影响伸开 / 伸出
伸开；展开
伸出
（使）延伸；
（使）延长
（使）扩大；（使）扩展
使行动、情感等伸开 / 伸出至某人处
提供；给予
There are plans to extend the no-smoking area.
Careful maintenance can extend the life of your car.
The company plans to extend its operations into Europe.
Our land extends as far as the river.
He extended his hand to the new employee.
The offer does not extend to employees' partners.
I would like to extend thanks to individuals who responded to my questions.
提供；给予
伸展，舒展，展开
延伸（距离）；延续（时间）
适用于；包括
延长；使延期
扩大…的范围或影响
使伸长；扩大；扩展
【一词多义】
即使他身处困境，他也会向我伸出援手。因此，我要向他表示衷心的感谢。
Even if he is in trouble，he will .
So I would like to .
(4)她的演艺生涯超过了30年，期间她取得了辉煌的成就。
Her acting career ，during which she made glorious achievements.
写作佳句
extend his helping hand to me
extend my heartfelt gratitude to him
extended over 30 years
negotiate /n ɡ ie t/ vt. 商定; 达成(协议)
【语块助记】
negotiate a settlement 商定解决措施
negotiate with sb.for/about sth. 与某人协商某事
in negotiation with sb. 与某人协商
under negotiation 在协商中
negotiation n.协商;商定
negotiable adj.可协商的
negotiator n.谈判者
近义词：bargain(讨价还价), mediate（调解）
反义词：dictate(命令), impose（强加）
You have to negotiate with the locals for a better price to buy what you need.
A contract is prepared in_____________ (negotiate) with our clients.
The details of the contract are still_________________ (在协商中)
.
under negotiation
negotiation
withdraw /w dr :/-withdrew vi.＆vt. (使) 撤回;撤离
withdraw from 退出;撤回
withdraw sb/sth from sb/sth 把……从……撤回/取出
withdraw one’s eyes from… 把视线从……移开
1.I made the choice to _____________a school to care for her.
我选择退学来照料她。
2. Some participants _______________ it.
一些与会者退出了会议。
withdraw from
withdrew from
withdrawal n. 提款(额);撤回;撤退
近义词：retreat（撤退）
反义词：deposit（存款）, advance（前进）
【语块助记】
withdraw [w dr ]
收回（发言、意见等）
提取（存款等）
拿回withdraw
（基本义）
“拿回”发言、意见等
“拿回”存款等
（使）撤离；（使）退出
使人从活动或组织中“拿回”
脱离社会；不与人交往
从社交活动中“拿回”自己
一词多义练/熟词生义
(1)I wanted to withdraw $4,000 from my bank account.
(2)I heard you are going to withdraw from the speech class.
(2021·浙江1月)
(3)Sensing his mistake，the minister withdrew his statement later.
A.退出　B.收回(发言、意见等)　C.提取(存款等)
____
____
____
C
A
B
单句填空
①He has insisted that his organization will not negotiate 　　　　the government.
②The 　 　　　(negotiate) broke down because one side refused to play the game.
③He warned that his economic programme for the country was not 　 　　　
(negotiate).
④ A contract is prepared in_____________ (negotiate) with our clients.
⑤The det ails of the contract are still_________________ (在协商）。
with
negotiation
negotiable
④
negotiation
under negotiation
channel
近义词
pathway（路径）, medium（媒介） direct（引导）
形近词
tunnel 隧道 canal 运河
短语
channel one's energy into 把精力投入
2020年浙江卷阅读：
Social media has become a key channel for information.
channel [ t nl]
航道；水道channel
基本义
水流的“航道；水道”
传递物品、信息等的“航道；水道”
观看电视节目的“航道；水道”
海峡；水渠；航道
途径；渠道
频道
1. There’s an interesting programme on channel 4 tonight.
_________
2. We must open the channels of communication between the two countries. _________
3. If you have nothing to declare, go through the green channel.
_________
4. England is separated from France by the English Channel.
_________
频道
绿色通道
途径 / 渠道
英吉利海峡
murder / m d (r)/ vt.谋杀;凶杀; 毁坏 n.谋杀;凶杀
【语块助记】
mass murder 大规模屠杀
commit (a) murder 犯谋杀罪
get away with murder 逍遥法外
a murder case/investigation/trial 凶杀案件/调查;谋杀案的审判
murderer n. 凶手；谋杀犯
murderous adj.蓄意谋杀的,凶残的;暴怒的;严酷的,剧烈的
He was found guilty of murder.
She answered in a faint murmur.
She mustered her courage and spoke in front of 500 people.
谋杀
召集；
鼓起勇气
低语
modern
moderate
modest
model
mercy / m :si/ n.仁慈;宽恕; 恩惠
【语块助记】
have mercy on/upon 对……仁慈
show mercy to sb. 怜悯某人
without mercy 无情地
at the mercy of 任……摆布，在……前毫无办法
Farmers hunted us without mercy. 农民们毫不留情地捕猎我们。
Our ship was at the mercy of the wave. 我们的船任凭波浪摆布。
merciful adj. 仁慈的；宽大的
merciless adj. 无情的；残忍的
1. The ancient building was left at the mercy of the weather.
__________
2. They showed little mercy to the enemies. __________
3. I hope they have mercy on the poor man. __________
4. She showed mercy to the abandoned child. She is a merciful lady.
__________
完全受……支配
毫不留情
对……表示怜悯
慈悲的
一词多义
用适当的介词填空
①We had no choice and had to be _____ the mercy of the sea.
②He had mercy _____ the defeated enemy.
③We should learn to show mercy _____ others.
at　
on　
to　
用与mercy有关的词汇及短语的适当形式填空
④He is such a ___________ man and always _____________ those homeless animals，which are usually _______________ the coldness and storm. But sometimes he can _________________ those he doesn’t like.
他是一个如此仁慈的人，总是怜悯那些任由寒冷和暴风雨摆布的无家可归的动物。但是有时对那些他不喜欢的动物，他一点也不会怜悯。
merciful　
has mercy on　
at the mercy of　
show no mercy to　
possession /p ze n/ n.个人财产;拥有
possess vt.拥有；具有；支配
possessor n. 持有人；所有人
possessive/p zes v/ adj. 占有欲强的；不愿分享的
【语块助记】
have possession of sth=be in possession of sth 拥有/占有某物
be in the possession of sb 被某人所拥有/占有
get/take possession of 占领;夺取
be possessed of sth 具有;拥有(某种品质或特征)
下面这四个词均有“财产”之意：
possession 指个人财产、私人物品，尤指动产。
We need to repair our possessions instead of throwing them away.
belongings 指动产，尤指随身物品。
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit.
goods 较为正式，指动产、（可搬运的）私人财产。
They put all their goods into a truck and left the house.
property 较为正式，意为“财产”时不可数，指个人或组织的所有物、财产、财物。
Be careful not to damage other people’s property.
词语辨析
①in charge of 主管；看管；负责
in the charge of... 被掌管；由……负责
②in control of 控制；管理
in the control of... 被……控制
③in possession of 占有；拥有
in the possession of 被占有；为……所有
in possession of 表示主动,“拥有……;占有……”,主语通常为人;
in the possession of 表示被动,“被……占有”, 主语通常为物。
1.这款最新的笔记本电脑是汤姆的，也就是说汤姆拥有这款最新款的笔记本电脑。
The latest laptop is Tom，which means that Tom is the latest laptop.
2.幸福不是渴望我们没有的东西，而是享受我们所拥有的东西。
Happiness is not wishing for what we don’t have，but ________________
_________________________________________.
3. 请记住，只有拥有良好的心态，你才能获得成功。
Keep in mind that_______________________________________________
__________________________.
in the possession of
in possession of
enjoying what we
possess/take possession of/are in possession of
only if you possess/are possessed of a good state of
mind will you attain success
behold /b h ld/-beheld-beheld vt.看; 看见
【语块助记】
a joy /pleasure to behold 赏心悦目
a wonder to behold 令人惊叹
a sight to behold 壮观的景象
beholder n.旁观者；观看者
beholden adj. 蒙恩的；对…表示感谢的
Her face was a joy to behold. 她的容貌十分悦目.
We got up early to behold the sunrise.我们早起观看了日出.
league n. 等级; 水平; 联合会; 联赛
in a league of one’s own
_____________________独领风骚
As a dancer, she’s always been ______________________. (技压群芳)
2. These fleets were a sight to behold(壮观的景象) and were ____________________ at that time.(独领风骚)
in a league of their own
in a league of her own
League Of Legends
the Ivy League
英雄联盟
常春藤盟校
arrest n.逮捕;拘留;中止 vt. 逮捕;拘留;阻止
(be) under arrest被逮捕
arrest sb for 因……逮捕某人
get arrested for 因.....被逮捕
arrest one’s attention=attract/draw/catch one’s attention
吸引某人的注意力
She was under arrest on suspicion of murder.
她因涉嫌谋杀而被逮捕。
You could get arrested for doing that.
An unusual noise arrested his attention .
arrested adj.逮捕的；被捕的；被拘留的
arrester n. 避雷器；制动器；防止装置；逮捕者
arrestee n.被捕者; 被捕人
①The police made several 　arrest （arrest） during the football match.
②The young man was arrested 　for　 having stolen his
neighbour’s computers.
【写美】　完成句子
③The bright colours of the flowers 　arrested the girl’s attenti　 .
花的艳丽色彩引起了那个女孩的注意。
arrests　
for　
arrested the girl’s attention　
royal adj. 皇家的，王室的，高贵的
【语块助记】
the royal palace 皇宫
a royal welcome 盛大的欢迎
the royal road 坦途；成功的捷径
royalty n.王室成员，版税
loyal adj.忠诚的
loyalty n.忠诚
We were given a royal welcome. 我们受到了盛大的欢迎。
There is no royal road to learning. 学无坦途。
bond /b nd/ n.纽带;关系 v.增强信任关
【语块助记】
bond between A and B A与B的关系/纽带
bond A and B (together) 把A和B联系在一起
bond A to B 把A连接到B
bond with sb. 增强与某人的信任关系；建立与某人的互信关系
The agreement strengthened the bonds between the two countries.
协议加强了两国间的联系。
bond 语义网络图
人和人、抽象事物之间抽象的“黏合”
具体物体之间用胶水形成的“黏合”
……
黏合
黏合
bond
（基本义）
n
v
纽带；关系
……
（使）结合；增强（与某人的）信任关系
（使）黏合
……
bond
(1)The new type of glue bonds a variety of surfaces in seconds.
(2)The following day，the taxi driver was released on $5,000 bond.
(3)It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
(4)Social bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion...(2021·天津)
A.n.纽带；关系　B.n.保释金　C.vt.使牢固结合　D.v.增强信任关系
____
____
____
____
C
B
D
A
applaud / pl :d/ vt.＆vi.鼓掌
vt.称赞;赞赏
→__________ n．鼓掌；掌声
applause
applaud one's plan　　　　 赞成某人的计划
applaud sb.for sth. 为某事称赞某人
a round of applause 一阵喝彩
They applauded him for his courage and determined to learn from him.
他们因他的勇气而称赞他，并决心向他学习。
1. 戏剧结束后，全体起立鼓掌。
After the play, everyone stood up to .
2.全场观众都为他的获奖感言鼓掌:“我不后悔因去帮助别人而失去成为冠军的机会。”
All the audience him his acceptance speech: “I don’t regret losing the chance of becoming a champion to help others.”
3.演出结束时，每个人都欢呼起来并鼓掌，因为他的演的第一个男性角色很成功。
Everyone cheered and when the show ended as his first male character turned out a big success.
applaud
applauded for
applauded
in hand 在手头; 可供使
【语块助记】
by hand 手工;亲手 at hand 在手边
at first hand 亲自；第一手 on hand在手边;在场;即将发生
hand in hand 手拉手地,联合地 hold hands 手拉手
shake hands 握手 give sb a big hand 热烈鼓掌
reach out a helping hand 伸出援手
give/lend sb. a hand 帮某人一个忙
with both hands = all out 全力以赴地
on（the) one hand.... on the other hand 一方面，另一方面
用hand的相关短语填空
(1)As an old saying goes，“Success and failure always go .”
(2)Having enough data ，we can set out to hold the press conference as scheduled.
(3)Meanwhile，you’d better keep a dictionary close so that you can look up unfamiliar words in it.
(4)Even for personal letters，the merchant would rather use a computer than write .
in hand
hand in hand
at hand
by hand
续写佳句翻译：
我们解释了我们的目的，把毛衣发给了父母，并祝愿他们的孩子早日康复。
We explained our purpose, handed out sweaters to the parents and wished their kids a quick recovery.
We were forced to return home, empty-handed.
我们被迫空手而归。
tax[t ks]vt. 对……征税;使纳税n.税;税款
n.①税，税款：pay taxes缴税
②重负，负担：The work is a heavy tax on my health. 那工作对我的
健康是个负担。
vt.①征税，抽税：We are heavily taxed.我们被征以重税。
②使负重担：Reading in dim light taxes our eyes.在弱光下读书，对
眼睛是个负担。
【短语·搭配】
free of a tax 免税的
the tax on sth.……的税
【词语辨析】tax，duties
tax政府向个人、企业等征收的各种税。duties主要指海关关税。
The British government taxes tobacco and alcoholic drinks heavily.英
国政府对烟草和含酒精的饮料课以重税。
A tax on cigarettes 香烟税
profession[pr fe n]n.职业;行业
①[C]职业，专业：What profession would you like to follow？你想要
从事什么职业？
He is a doctor by profession.他的职业是医生。
②(用the profession)(集合用法)同业，同行
the medical profession医学界，医学同业
例She is at the very top of her profession.她是她那个行业的佼佼者。
He is an electrician by profession.他的职业是电工。
1. She’s a nurse ___________ profession and now runs a counseling （咨询）service for women.
2. She thought about engaging a ___________ (profession) pianist to work with her father.
3. I would like to know some of the ideas of all you ___________ (profession) out there in the world.
4. He has doubt about the professor’s _____________ (professional).
by
professional
professionals
professionalism
n.混合；结合体；混合物 (mix v.使混合；相协调；相容；调配；配制 mixed adj.混合的；混杂的)
mixture
a mixture of...的混合体
mix ...with/and...把……与……混合
mix...up with...把……和……混淆；误以为……是……
mixed feelings 复杂的感情
(1) (mix) species are more likely to be born with health issues than other animals.
(2)Gradually I was comfortable to discuss the project with him，a
(mix) of warmth and relief flooding over me.
Mixed
mixture
(应用文写作之建议信)此外，我不认为把工作和娱乐混在一块儿是个好主意。
Besides，I don’t think it’s a good idea to ___________________
.
写作佳句
mix work with/and
pleasure
a mixture of ...的混合
mixed feelings 复杂的感情
mix...with... 把…和…相混合
mix with 与…相混合/融合
mix up 混淆；弄乱
A mixture of warmth and relief flooded over/swept over her.
一种混合着温暖和宽慰的心情涌上她的心头。
I came home from the meeting with mixed feelings.
开完会回到家里，我心里百感交集。
mix v. (使)混合; 融合;调配
mixed adj. 混合的；混杂的
mixture / m kst (r)/ n. 混合; 结合体; 混合
coverage n.新闻报道；覆盖范围
media/newspaper/press coverage媒体/报纸/报刊的报道
live coverage 现场直播
cover
一词多义:覆盖;包括;足以支付;行走(一段路程);占(一片面积);报道
cover...with..用…覆盖…
be covered with/by 被…覆盖
覆盖 cover v （基本义）
用某物覆盖某物
覆盖；遮盖
覆盖多个抽象事物
覆盖距离或空间
覆盖新闻事件
覆盖费用、花销
涵盖；包括；
涉及；处理
走完（一段路程）；占地
采访；报道
足以支付；
够付
cover & coverage 语义网络图
覆盖范围
（书、节目、课程等的）内容范围；信息范围
保险范围
新闻报道
coverage
cover
①They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres.
②To cover the cost of hiring a bus,each student will have to pay $10 each time. 　　
③A journalism was sent immediately to cover the forum held in Hangzhou. 　 　　
④No dictionaries can cover all the English idioms. 　　　
覆盖
支付
报道
涵盖
exploitation / ekspl te ( )n / n. 剥削；利用；开发
【语块助记】
exploit natural resources. 开发自然资源
exploit one’s abilities. 开发自己的才能。
exploit workers 剥削工人
exploit every opportunity 利用一切机会
exploit / k spl t/ vt. 开发；利用；剥削
He exploited his father's name to get himself a job.
他利用他父亲的名声为自己找到一份工作。
You must every opportunity to learn English.
你必须利用一切机会来学习英语。
exploit
He exploited his father's name to get himself a job.
What is being done to stop employers from exploiting young people
She fully exploits the humour of her role in the play.
No minerals have yet been exploited in Antarctica.
利用...为自己牟利
压榨；剥削
发挥
开发
一词多义
oppose v. 反对; 抵制; 与…角逐
opposite / p z t/ adj. 对面的，相反的
opposed adj.强烈反对的
opposition n.反对
【语块助记】
a dangerous opponent 危险的对手
oppose doing sth 反对做某事
be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)…
opponent n. 反对者; 对手/竞争者
【语块助记】
log in/on/into.../onto... 登录;进入(计算机系统)　　
log off/out 注销;结束（计算机系统）
keep a log / diary 记日志（航海/飞行）
log-logged-logged vt. 把……载入正式记录；记录
n.日志；（事件的） 正式记录:原木
记载新物种将提升我们对地球上的生命的了解.
Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth.
There is an urgent need for 迫切需要
There is no need for 没必要/不需要
There is no need (for sb) to do sth (某人) 没必要做某事
There is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
句型: There is an urgent need to do sth 迫切需要做某事
1. 迫切需要制定法律保护濒危动物。
There is an urgent need to make laws to protect endangered animals.
2. 即使有人犯了错误，也没必要尴尬。
Even if someone makes a mistake, there is no need for embarrassment.
3. 你没必要因为这样一个小问题道歉。
There is no need for you to apologize for such a little problem.
Thank you !

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