Starter Section 8 & 10 语法专项 词性识别与名词复数 课件(共29张PPT) 2025-2026学年北师大版(新教材) 七年级上册

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Starter Section 8 & 10 语法专项 词性识别与名词复数 课件(共29张PPT) 2025-2026学年北师大版(新教材) 七年级上册

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(共29张PPT)
教学课件
北师大英语七年级上册
Starter Section 8 & Section 10语法专项
词性识别与名词复数
全解精讲+分层练习
学习目标
1.掌握7类常见词性的定义、功能及判断方法
2.能准确识别单词词性,结合语境理解其作用
3.熟记名词复数5大变化规则,包括特殊情况
4.能正确写出名词复数形式,适配句子语境
5.综合运用词性判断和名词复数知识完成多样练习
词性-核心定义与作用
词性是根据单词在句子中的功能和意义划分的类别
不同词性承担不同语法角色,决定单词在句中的位置
正确识别词性能帮助理解句子结构,避免用词错误
例:动词表示动作,名词表示人或事物,形容词修饰名词
词性是英语学习的基础,贯穿词汇、句式、阅读等所有环节
常见词性(一)-动词与代词
动词(v.):表示动作或状态,是句子的核心成分
例:I live in a small town.(live表示“居住”,动作)
例:We have a library.(have表示“拥有”,状态)
代词(pron.):代替名词或名词短语,避免重复
例:We have a cinema.(we代替“我和同伴们”)
例:I learn a lot from her.(her代替某个女性)
常见词性(二)-名词与形容词
名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念
例:We have a cinema, a library, two hospitals.(表地点/事物)
例:Life is easy here.(life表抽象概念“生活”)
形容词(adj.):修饰名词或代词,描述性质/特征
例:Life is easy here.(easy修饰life,表“轻松的”)
例:Her class is so interesting.(interesting修饰class,表“有趣的”)
常见词性(三)-连词、介词与副词
连词(conj.):连接词、短语或句子,表逻辑关系
例:One supermarket is on my left, and the cinema is next to it.(and表并列)
介词(prep.):表示名词与其他词的关系(时间/地点等)
例:The library is on the right of my home.(on表位置)
例:I go there after school.(after表时间)
副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词等,表程度/频率等
例:I often go there to read.(often修饰动词go,表频率)
例:Her class is so interesting.(so修饰形容词,表程度)
词性判断-核心技巧
1.看功能:作谓语→动词;作主语/宾语→名词;修饰名词→形容词
2.看标志:ly结尾多为副词(如often虽无ly,表频率也是副词)
3.看搭配:介词后接名词;连词连接两个并列成分
4.看语境:结合句子意思判断,如“easy”在“Life is easy”中修饰名词
例:判断“have”:I have a book.(作谓语,动词)
例:判断“interesting”:an interesting book(修饰名词,形容词)
词性-易错点提醒
1.词性混淆:将副词当形容词用,如quick(adj.)vs quickly(adv.)
2.介词与连词混淆:and是连词(连接句子),on是介词(表位置)
3.代词指代错误:用he代替女性,her代替男性
4.名词与动词混淆:如“work”(n.工作/ v.工作),需结合语境判断
5.形容词位置错误:修饰名词时需放在名词前(除系动词后)
小练习(一)-判断单词词性
判断下列单词的词性,填写对应的缩写(v./pron./n./adj./conj./prep./adv.)
1.live ___________ 2. we ___________ 3. cinema ___________
4.easy ___________ 5. and ___________ 6. on ___________
7.often ___________ 8. interesting ___________ 9. after ___________
10.tell ___________
v.
pron.
n.
adj.
conj.
prep.
adv.
adj.
prep.
v.
名词复数-核心定义与功能
名词复数表示两个或两个以上的人、事物或地点
单数名词表“一个”,复数名词表“多个”,是数量表达的关键
例:a desk(一张书桌)→ many desks(很多书桌)
例:one man(一个男人)→ three men(三个男人)
名词复数的正确使用,能确保数量表达的准确性
名词复数变化规则(一)一般情况
规则1:一般情况直接在词尾加-s
例:chair → chairs,desk → desks,teacher → teachers
例句:There are many desks and chairs in the classroom.
规则特点:适用范围最广,大部分普通名词均遵循
注意:加-s后发音有变化,清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音后读/z/
例:books /b ks/(清辅音),bags /b ɡz/(浊辅音)
名词复数变化规则(二)-s/x/ch/sh结尾
规则2:以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词,词尾加-es
例:class → classes,box → boxes,watch → watches
例:brush → brushes,dish → dishes
例句:I like all the classes. She has three boxes.
记忆技巧:这类单词词尾发音多为“嘶”“嗤”音,加-es更顺口
注意:es发音为/ z/,如classes / klɑ s z/
名词复数变化规则(三)-辅音+y结尾
规则3:以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es
例:dictionary → dictionaries,family → families,story → stories
例句:There are many dictionaries on the shelf.
注意:区分“辅音+y”与“元音+y”:元音+y直接加-s
例:boy → boys(o是元音),toy → toys(o是元音)
记忆口诀:辅音加y,变i加es;元音加y,直接加s
名词复数变化规则(四)-f/fe结尾
规则4:以f或fe结尾的名词,变f/fe为v再加-es
例:shelf → shelves,knife → knives,wife → wives
例句:The shelves are full of books. She has two knives.
特殊情况:部分f结尾名词直接加-s(拓展)
例:roof → roofs,gulf → gulfs(这类词较少,特殊记忆)
记忆口诀:妻(wife)拿小刀(knife),架(shelf)上找树叶(leaf),变f为v再加es
名词复数变化规则(五)-不规则变化
规则5:不规则变化需单独记忆,无固定规律
常见例子:man → men,woman → women,child → children
例:The men are teachers. Those children are students.
其他常见不规则变化(拓展):
foot → feet,tooth → teeth,mouse → mice
这类单词使用频率高,需重点背诵记忆
名词复数-易错点提醒
1.漏加/es:class → classs(正确:classes),box → boxs(正确:boxes)
2.辅音+y变y为i错误:story → storys(正确:stories)
3.f/fe变v错误:knife → knifes(正确:knives)
4.不规则变化混淆:child → childs(正确:children)
5.元音+y错误变化:boy → boyes(正确:boys)
6.不可数名词误用复数:water → waters(water表“水”不可数,无复数)
小练习(二)-写出名词复数形式
根据变化规则,写出下列名词的复数形式
1.class ___________ 2. box ___________ 3. dictionary ___________
4.shelf ___________ 5. story ___________ 6. teacher ___________
7.child ___________ 8. man ___________ 9. knife ___________
10.boy ___________
classes
dictionaries
shelves
stories
teachers
children
men
knives
boys
boxes
综合练习(一)-单项选择
1.“live” in “I live in a town” is a ___________.
A. verb B. noun C. adjective
2.We have two ___________ in our town.
A. hospital B. hospitals C. hospitales
3.She tells English ___________ in class. A. story B. storys C. stories
4.“often” in “I often read books” is a ___________.
A. prep. B. adv. C. adj.
5.The ___________ are full of books.
A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelves
A
B
C
B
C
6.“easy” in “Life is easy” is a ___________.
A. noun B. adj. C. adv.
7.There are many ___________ and chairs in the classroom.
A. desk B. desks C. deskies
8.“and” is a ___________, which connects two sentences.
A. conj. B. prep. C. verb
9.The ___________ are friendly to students.
A. man teachers B. men teachers C. men teacher
10.“after” in “after school” is a ___________.
A. adv. B. conj. C. prep.
B
B
A
B
C
综合练习(三)-用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.I like all the ___________ (class) because they are interesting.
2.The ___________ (teacher) in our school are very kind.
3.There are three ___________ (box) on the desk.
4.She has many ___________ (dictionary) at home.
5.I ___________ (live) in a small town with my family.
classes
teachers
boxes
dictionaries
live
综合练习(四)-用所给单词的适当形式填空
6.The ___________ (shelf) are full of storybooks for children.
7.We have two ___________ (hospital) and three supermarkets.
8.He ___________ (have) a new bike. He often rides it to school.
9.Those ___________ (child) are playing games in the park.
10.The ___________ (woman) in the photo are my aunts.
shelves
hospitals
has
children
women
综合练习(五)-词性判断与句子改错
1.He have three book.(词性:have___________;book___________)
改正:___________________________________
2.She tell English storys in class.(词性:tell___________;storys___________)
改正:___________________________________
3.The shelf are full of dictionary.(词性:shelf___________;dictionary___________)
改正:___________________________________
v.
n.
He has three books.
v.
n.
She tells English stories in class.
n.
n.
The shelves are full of dictionaries.
综合练习(六)-完成句子
1.我们镇上有两家医院和一家图书馆。
There are two ___________ and one ___________ in our town.
2.她的课很有趣,我喜欢所有的课。
Her ___________ are so interesting. I like all the ___________.
3.书架上有很多字典和故事书。
There are many ___________ and ___________ on the shelves.
4.那些男人是老师,他们很友好。
Those ___________ are ___________. They are very friendly.
5.我经常放学后去图书馆看书。
I ___________ go to the ___________ to read books after school.
hospitals
library
classes
classes
dictionaries
storybooks
men
teachers
often
library
综合练习(七)-短文填空
My name is Tom. I live in a small town. There are two ___________ (hospital) and three ___________ (supermarket) here. My school has many ___________ (classroom) and a big library. The ___________ (book) in the library are interesting. I often go there with my ___________ (friend). The ___________ (teacher) in my school are kind. I like my town and my school.
hospitals
supermarkets
classrooms
books
friends
teachers
语法知识总结(一)-词性
7类常见词性功能清晰,各有侧重:
动词(v.):表动作/状态;代词(pron.):代指名词;
名词(n.):表人/物/抽象概念;形容词(adj.):修饰名词;
连词(conj.):连接成分;介词(prep.):表关系;副词(adv.):修饰动作/特征
判断技巧:看功能、看标志、看搭配、看语境
易错点:词性混淆、位置错误、指代错误
语法知识总结(二)-名词复数
5大变化规则需熟练掌握:
1.一般情况加-s;2. s/x/ch/sh结尾加-es;
3.辅音+y结尾变i加-es;4. f/fe结尾变v加-es;
5.不规则变化单独记
易错点:特殊结尾漏加-es、不规则变化拼写错误、不可数名词误用复数
记忆方法:分类记忆规则,重点背诵不规则变化,多做搭配练习
学习方法与建议
1.词性学习:制作词性卡片,标注定义+例句,随时记忆
2.名词复数:分类整理规则,制作不规则变化对照表
3.多做语境练习,在句子中巩固词性判断和复数变化
4.积累常见易错词,重点标注并反复复习
5.结合阅读短文,强化词性和复数的实际应用能力
单元整体总结
本单元学习了7类常见词性和名词复数变化规则,是词汇运用的核心
词性决定单词的功能和位置,名词复数决定数量表达的准确性
两类知识相互关联,需结合使用,如复数名词搭配复数动词
通过理解定义、记忆规则、多做练习,能显著提升词汇应用能力
这部分知识是后续学习句式、语法的基础,需扎实掌握
教学课件
Starter Section 8 & Section 10语法专项
词性识别与名词复数
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