资源简介

　　Cultural heritage includes material cultural heritage and non-material cultural heritage.Material heritage refers to ancient ruins,ancient tombs,and ancient cultural structures,caves,temples,stone carvings,etc.Cultural heritage is an important indicator of national development,so we should protect the cultural heritage and actively repair the damaged heritage of human civilisation.
Part 1　核心考点突破
阅读单词
1.rebuild　　　　　 vt.重建
2.relic n.遗物;遗迹
3.design vt.& n.设计;构思
4.app n.应用程序;应用软件(application的缩略形式)
5.remains n.遗迹;遗体;剩余物
核心单词
1.wooden adj.木制的;木头的
2.mount n.山峰
vt.爬上;骑上
vi.爬;登上
3.protest n.抗议
vi.& vt.(公开)反对;抗议
4.likely adj.可能的
adv.可能地
5.prevent vt.阻止;阻碍;阻挠
6.awareness n.认识,意识
7.fund n.基金;专款
8.issue n.重要议题;争论的问题
vt.宣布;公布
9.sculpture n.雕像,雕塑作品;雕刻术
10.attempt n.& vt.企图;试图;尝试
11.worthwhile adj.值得做的;值得花时间的
12.preserve vt.保护,维护;维持,保持
13.entrance n.入口;进入
14.overseas adj.海外的
adv.在海外
15.donate v.捐赠;赠送
运用词汇
1.formal adj.正式的→(反义词)informal adj.非正式的
2.creative adj.创造性的;有创造力的;有创意的→creatively adv.创造性地;有创造力地→creativity n.创造力→create v.创造→creation n.创造
3.culture n.文化→cultural adj.文化的
4.promote vt.促进;提升;推销;晋级→promotion n.促进;晋升;促销活动
5.establish vt.建立;创立→establishment n.机构;建立;创立→established adj.著名的;已确立的
6.application n.申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序)→apply vi.& vt.申请→applicant n.申请人
7.limit n.限度;限制 vt.限制;限定→limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的
8.balance n. 平衡;均匀;余额 vt.使平衡→balanced adj.平衡的;均衡的
9.contribute vi.& vt.捐献;捐助→contribution n.捐款;贡献;捐赠
10.proposal n.提议;建议→propose vt.提议;建议;提出;求婚
11.loss n.丧失;损失→lose vt.失去→lost adj.丢失的
12.value vt.重视,珍视 n.价值→valuable adj.贵重的,有价值的
13.attract v.吸引,引起→attractive adj.吸引人的;有吸引力的→attraction n.有吸引力的事物;吸引力;吸引
14.archaeology n.考古学→archaeological adj.考古学的;考古的→archaeologist n.考古学家
重点词块
1.belong to 属于
2.give way to 让步;屈服
3.date back to 追溯到
4.lead to 导致
5.take apart 拆开
6.turn to 向……求助;翻到;查阅;转向
7.be thought highly of 被高度评价
8.donate...to... 向……捐赠……
9.in search of 寻找
10.take down 拆卸;写下,记下
重点句型
1.总有那么一个时刻,人会意识到物质财富并非生活中最重要的东西。(There comes a time when...)
There comes a time when one realises that material possessions are not the most important things in life.
2.阅读和写作是学生必备的技能。(动名词作主语)
Reading and writing are essential skills for students.
3.我买这本书的书店很受欢迎。(where引导的定语从句)
The bookshop where I bought this book is very popular.
4.她不仅功课好,唱歌也很好。(not only... but also...)
Not only does she do well in her school subjects but also she sings very well.
[教师备用]
答案:1.balance　2.preserve　3.solutions　4.established　5.contributions　6.rescued　7.success　8.spirit
(　　)1.Which word do you think can best describe the Aswan Dam project
A.Successful. B.Negative.
C.Useless. D.Doubtful.
(　　)2.What can we learn from the Aswan Dam project
A.UNESCO is an important organisation in the world.
B.The cooperation can solve difficult problems.
C.The Egyptian government found a plan to build a better tomorrow.
D.All the cultural relics were saved in the project.
(　　)3.What can we know from the last paragraph
A.Doing is better than saying. B.Many hands make light work.
C.There is no royal way to success. D.Experience is the mother of wisdom.
(　　)4.Where can we find such an article
A.In a guidebook. B.In an encyclopedia.
C.In a history novel. D.In a theme park advertisement.
答案:1.A　2.B　3.B　4.B　
1.application n.申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序)
apply vt.涂;敷;应用;运用
vi.申请;请求;适用;专心致志
applicant n.申请人
I am excited to submit my application for the volunteer position at the upcoming summer art festival.
我很高兴为即将举行的夏季艺术节志愿者职位提交我的申请。
I am eager to apply my knowledge and abilities to this exciting opportunity.
我渴望将我的知识和能力应用到这个令人激动的机会上。
As an applicant,I am confident in my ability to deal with the challenges of the job.
作为一名申请者,我对我应对工作中挑战的能力有信心。
归纳拓展 apply...to... 把……运用到……中;把……涂到……上 apply oneself to (doing) sth 致力于/集中精力于(做)某事 apply to... 适用…… apply (to...) for... (向……)申请…… apply to do sth 申请做某事
(1)句子语法填空
①The company is looking for 　　　　 (apply) with good communication skills.
②The 　　　　 (apply) was successful and she was offered the job.
(2)完成句子
③ (我写信向您申请这个职位) because I believe I possess all the skills and experience required for this role.
答案:(1)①applicants　②application　(2)③I am writing to apply to you for this position
2.balance n.平衡;均匀;余额
vt.使平衡
balanced adj.平衡的;均衡的
Only in this way can we balance family and work.
只有用这种方式,我们才能平衡家庭和事业。
In our daily life,we should have a balanced diet.
在我们的日常生活中,我们应该保持均衡的饮食。
归纳拓展 ·keep/lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡 keep a balance between A and B 在A和B之间保持平衡 ·balance...against...权衡,比较…… ·a balanced diet 均衡饮食
(1)句子语法填空
①You have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside 　　　　 the disadvantages.
②It is of great importance to keep a 　　　　 (balance) diet and take regular exercise.
③First of all,we should keep a balance 　　　　 study and relaxation.
(2)完成句子
④He stepped on a branch and (失去平衡),falling down.
答案:(1)①against　②balanced　③between　
(2)④lost his balance
3.proposal n.提议;建议
propose vt.提议;建议;提出;求婚
Many students made a proposal that a new school library should be built.
很多学生建议学校建一座新的图书馆。
He proposed that we should go for a walk after dinner.
他提议我们晚饭后去散步。
归纳拓展 ·make a proposal (to do sth)/that sb/sth (should) do... 提出(做……的)建议 ·propose doing/to do... 建议做…… propose that sb/sth (should) do... 建议……
(1)句子语法填空
①He put forward a 　　　　 (propose) that we should hold a handwriting competition.
②They proposed 　　　　 (improve) the quality of the products.
③I propose that we 　　　　 (buy) some useful books for students to read.
(2)熟词生义
④(2022·全国甲卷)When we paused to catch our breath,Steve got down on one knee.Was he proposing
propose v.熟义:建议;提议　生义:　　 　
答案:(1)①proposal　②to improve/improving　
③(should) buy　(2)④求婚
4.likely adj.可能的
adv.可能地
unlikely adj.不可能的
In the spring,the plants are less likely to be affected by frost.
在春天,植物不太可能受到霜冻的影响。
(2023·全国乙卷)Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
这篇文章最有可能选自下列哪一本书
归纳拓展 It is likely that...可能…… be likely to do...可能做…… It is unlikely that...不太可能……
[词语辨析]
词语 主语 常用句型
likely 人、物与形式主语it均可 sth/sb be likely to do sth某人/某物很可能做某事 It is likely that...很可能……
possible 不用人作主语,常用it作形式主语 It is possible that...可能…… It is possible (for sb) to do sth(某人)做某事是可能的
probable 不用人作主语,常用it作形式主语 It is probable that...可能……
(1)句子语法填空
①He is likely 　　　　 (deliver) a speech to local people on how to preserve the local cultural heritage.
(2)翻译句子
②明天天气很可能会晴朗。
答案:(1)①to deliver　(2)②It is likely that the weather will be sunny tomorrow.
5.turn to 向……求助;翻到;查阅;转向
Without someone to turn to for advice,making the most proper choice can be difficult.
在没有人可以征求意见的情况下,要作出最恰当的选择可能会很难。
I turned to the next page to read the rest of the story.
我翻到下一页,读故事剩下的部分。
归纳拓展 turn out 结果是;证明是 turn on/off 开/关(水、煤气、电灯等) turn down 调小;拒绝 turn up (把声音等)调大;出现 turn in 上交;提交 turn into 变成;成为 turn over 翻转;翻身;移交
句子语法填空
①If you are in trouble,don’t hesitate to turn 　　　　 me for help.
②Turn 　　　　 the lights when you are not in a room.
③She turned 　　　　 the wallet that she picked up on the way home.
④It’s also important to realise that not all of your plans will turn 　　　　 exactly as you wish.
⑤If you turn 　　　　,you might find it easier to get to sleep.
答案:①to　②off　③in　④out　⑤over
6.limit n.限度;限制
vt.限制;限定
limited adj.有限的
limitless adj.无限的
limitation n.局限性
I limit myself to watching entertainment programmes for only half an hour every day.
我限制自己每天只看半小时的娱乐节目。
The Palace Museum has set a limit to the number of its daily visitors.
故宫博物院对每日游客的数量进行了限制。
归纳拓展 ·limit...to...把……限制在……内 ·set a limit to... 对……限定 There is a/no limit to...……有/没有限制
(1)句子语法填空
①There is no limit 　　　　 creating beautiful things with the power of a strong mind.
②The local people have been limited to 　　　　(pay) a visit to the old temple four times per month.
③(2023·全国乙卷)Once we found the place,it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the 　　　　 (limit) time.
(2)完成句子
④In my opinion,you had better 　　　　　　　　 (对……限定)the expense of your trip.
答案:(1)①to　②paying　③limited　(2)④set a limit to
I have been asked to limit my speech to ten minutes.Time is so limited that I have to cut the second example off my speech.Despite the limitations of my speech,it was well received and earned loud applause.
我被要求把演讲限制在十分钟内。时间很有限,我不得不删掉演讲中的第二个例子。尽管我的演讲有局限性,但还是深受欢迎,赢得了响亮的掌声。
7.prevent vt.阻止;阻碍;阻挠
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children,but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid.
大卫患有一种脑部疾病,这使他不能像其他孩子一样走路或跑步,但在学校里,他的同学都认为他是一个正常的孩子。
We hope to prevent anything unpleasant from happening.
我们希望防止任何不愉快的事发生。
归纳拓展 ·prevent sb (from) doing... 阻止某人做…… stop sb (from) doing... 阻止某人做…… keep sb (from) doing... 阻止某人做…… ·prevention n.阻止
在被动语态中,这三个短语中的from都不能省略。
(1)句子语法填空
①We must take effective measures to prevent forests from 　　　　 (cut) down.
(2)一句多译
我们必须尽最大努力防止这些濒危动物消失。
② (prevent...from)
③ (stop...from)
④ (keep...from)
答案:(1)①being cut　(2)②We must make every effort to prevent these endangered animals from disappearing.　③We must spare no effort to stop these endangered animals from disappearing.　④We must do everything in our power to keep these endangered animals from disappearing.
8.contribution n.捐款;贡献;捐赠
contribute vi.& vt. 捐献;捐助;作贡献;投稿;导致
Tu Youyou has made great contributions in the field of medicine.
屠呦呦在医学领域作出了巨大的贡献。
If you want to contribute to our newspaper,please send me your article before the deadline.
如果你想向我们的报社投稿,请在截止日期前把文章寄给我。
归纳拓展 ·contribute to 有助于;导致;把(时间)投入……;捐款;投稿;为……作出贡献 contribute...to... 把……贡献给……;向……捐(款) ·make a contribution/contributions to 对……作出贡献;向……捐款
contribute to和make a contribution/contributions to中的to都为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。
(1)句子语法填空
①Everyone has the responsibility and can make a 　　　　(contribute) to the protection of cultural heritage.
②I hope my suggestion will contribute to 　　　　(solve) the problem.
(2)完成句子
③Staying up late and poor eating habits can 　　　　　　　　 (导致) health problems.
答案:(1)①contribution　②solving
(2)③contribute to
Many people contributed money to the sick boy,which contributed to his recovery of health.A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a press.
许多人给那个生病的男孩捐款,他因此痊愈了。一位作家就此事写了一个故事并投稿给一家出版社。
9.attempt n.& vt. 企图;试图;尝试
I passed my driving test at the first attempt.
我一次就通过了驾驶执照考试。
I attempted to get in touch with her,but failed.
我试图与她取得联系,但没联系上。
归纳拓展 ·attempt to do/(at) doing... 尝试(试图)做…… ·make an attempt to do/(at) doing... 尝试做…… at the first attempt 第一次尝试
句子语法填空
①I attempted 　　　　 (find) a solution to the problem and ultimately succeeded in solving it.
②I’ll make an attempt at 　　　　 (speak) in public next week.
③Believe it or not,he broke the record 　　　　 the first attempt.
④She made an attempt 　　　　 (learn) the new skill to challenge herself.
答案:①to find　②speaking　③at　④to learn
10.worthwhile adj.值得做的;值得花时间的
worthy adj.应得的;值得的
worth adj.值得的
The smile on her face made it all worthwhile.
她脸上的笑容使得这一切都非常值得。
It is worthwhile to include the fee of really high-quality illustrations.
把真正高质量的插图的费用算进去是值得的。
归纳拓展 It is worthwhile to do/doing sth值得做某事 be worthy of sth值得(或应得)……的 be worthy of being done/to be done 值得做 be (well) worth doing sth(非常)值得做某事 be worth+n.值得……
[词语辨析]
worthwhile 表示“值得花时间(或花钱、努力等);重要的”,可作表语、定语和补语
worthy 作定语修饰名词时,表示“值得尊敬的;值得敬仰的”;作表语时表示“值得(或应得)……的”
worth 一般用作表语,表示“值得的”,其前可用well修饰,不能用very修饰
(1)句子语法填空
①It is worthwhile 　　　　 (try) new things,because you never know what you might discover.
②This idea that we should rebuild the old temple at the foot of the mountain is well worth 　　　　 (consider).
(2)一句多译
这个博物馆值得参观。
③ 　(be worthy of sth)
④ 　 (be worthy of being done)
⑤ 　(be worthy to be done)
答案:(1)①to try/trying　②considering/consideration　(2)③The museum is worthy of a visit.　④The museum is worthy of being visited.　⑤The museum is worthy to be visited.
His parents think it is worthwhile to go/going to the library frequently,so they often take their son to some libraries that is worthy to be visited.And gradually their son has been interested in reading,so they feel that it is worth their efforts.
他的父母认为经常去图书馆是值得的,所以他们经常带儿子去一些值得参观的图书馆。渐渐地,他们的儿子对阅读产生了兴趣,所以他们觉得他们的努力是值得的。
“There comes a time when...”表示“……的时刻到来;总有……的时候”。when引导定语从句,修饰先行词a time。同时,该句型也是由there引导的一个倒装句。
There comes the time when we have to make a decision about our future.
到了我们不得不为未来作出决定的时刻了。
Now comes your turn.
现在轮到你了。
“There comes a time...”可看成是一种语序倒装形式,即here、there等表示地点的副词置于句首且主语是名词时,要把谓语动词提到主语前面,也可看成是there be句型的变体,即用其他动词如come、stand、lie、live、appear等代替be动词。
完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (……的时刻到来) when you should make changes.
②Here 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (你要的那本书).
③　　　　　　　　　　(似乎)to be no better way to help Bob than making popcorn.
答案:①There comes a time　②is the book you requested　③There appeared
[教师备用]
Not only had the countries found a path to the future ①that did not run over the relics of the past,but they had also learnt ②that it was possible for countries to work together ③to build a bettertomorrow.
这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路,而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。
分析:这是一个由“not only...but also...”所连接的复合句,not only位于句首时,not only所在的分句用部分倒装;①为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a path;②为that引导的宾语从句,从句中it作形式主语,后面的动词不定式to work together to build a better tomorrow是真正的主语;③为动词不定式作目的状语。
　①我们不但登上了位于山东泰安的泰山山顶,而且我们还懂得了面对挑战时要互相帮助的道理。
　　　　　　　　　　　　to the top of Mount Tai which lies in the city of Tai’an,Shandong Province,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 it is important for us to help each other to face the challenges.
②阅读这本从图书馆借的书,我的词汇量不仅增加了,而且我还明白了我们必须为了实现自己的梦想而努力学习的道理。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 by reading the book I had borrowed from the library,　　　　　　　　that it is necessary to work hard to realise our dreams.
答案:①Not only did we climb;but we also learnt that　②Not only did I expand my vocabulary;but I also learnt
社会问题描写
1.increase employment 增加就业
2.protect the environment 保护环境
3.prevent environmental pollution防止环境污染
4.have a positive effect on 对……有积极的影响
5.call on people to take action 呼吁人们采取行动
1.Planting trees is an important method to protect the environment.
植树是保护环境的一个重要方法。
2.The government has taken a lot of measures to increase employment.
政府采取了大量措施来增加就业。
3.We must attach importance to the problem.
我们必须重视这个问题。
4.Scientists have delivered a series of articles about how to prevent the environmental pollution recently.
科学家们最近就如何防止环境污染发表了一系列的文章。
1.科学家们指出,社会发展依靠在经济发展与环境保护之间保持恰当的平衡。
2.我们应该呼吁人们采取行动来拯救我们的珍宝。
答案:1.Scientists point out that social development depends on keeping the right balance between economic development and environmental protection.
2.We should call on people to take action to save our treasures.
课文二次开发利用
[教师备用]
课文语法填空
　　In the 1950s,the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile,but the proposal led to 1.　　　 　 (protest).This was because water from the dam would
2.　　　　 (like) damage many cultural relics.Then the government 3.　　　　 (establish) a committee to find a solution to the 4.　　　　 (protect) of Egypt’s cultural heritage.After a proposal for how the relics could 5.　　　　 (save) was made,the project began in 1960 and ended in 1980.During those years,22 temples 6.　　　　 countless cultural relics were taken down piece by piece,and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe 7.　　　　 the water.The project was considered 8.　　　　 great success.It’s believed that it was possible for different countries 9.　　　　 (work) together to build a better tomorrow.The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive today.If a problem seems too difficult for a single country,the 10.　　　　 (globe) community can sometimes provide a solution.
答案:1.protests　2.likely　3.established　4.protection　5.be saved　6.and　7.from　8.a　9.to work　10.globalPart 2　核心考点突破
阅读单词
1.parade　 　　 n.游行;检阅
vi.游行庆祝;游行示威
2.feature n.特点,特征
3.cave n.山洞;洞穴
4.costume n.某地或某历史时期的服装;戏装
核心单词
1.sheet　　　　 n.一张(纸);床单;被单
2.firecracker n.鞭炮;爆竹
3.ceremony n.仪式,典礼;礼节,礼仪
4.forgive vt.& vi.(forgave,forgiven)原谅;宽恕
vt.对不起;请原谅
5.digital adj.数码的;数字显示的
6.grace n.优美;优雅;高雅
7.occasion n.机会;时刻;场合;时机
8.quality n.质量;品质;素质;特征
adj.优质的;高质量的
9.further adv.(far的比较级)更远;进一步
10.contrast n.对比;对照
vt.对比;对照
11.unique adj.独一无二的,独特的
运用词汇
1.tradition n.传统;传统的信仰或风俗→traditional adj.传统的
2.celebrate v.庆祝,庆贺→celebration n.庆典,庆祝活动,庆祝
3.historic adj.历史上著名(或重要)的;有史时期的→history n.历史
4.origin n.起源;起因;出身→original adj.最初的,原始的
5.comparison n.比较;相比→compare vt.比较;对比;比喻
重点词块
1.fall on 适逢,正当
2.dress up 打扮
3.all over the world 在世界各地
4.make the most of 尽量利用
5.come up with 提出
6.regard...as... 把……视作……
7.get sb interested in 使某人对……感兴趣
重点句型
1.舞狮是中国的一种传统舞蹈形式,在重要节日和大型活动中经常可以看到。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
Lion dance is a form of traditional dance in China,which can be often seen in important festivals and great events.
2.端午节是人们吃粽子、举行龙舟比赛来纪念伟大诗人屈原的时刻。(when引导的定语从句)
The Dragon Boat Festival is the occasion when people eat Zongzi and hold dragon boat races to commemorate the great poet Qu Yuan.
[教师备用]
答案:1.increase　2.meeting　3.attract　4.promote　5.educate
(　　)1.What are the researchers and scientists trying to do
A.To help people understand and appreciate China’s Mogao Caves.
B.To work together to find more information about the Silk Road.
C.To raise money to rebuild the Mogao Caves of China.
D.To start an international project to protect the Mogao Caves.
(　　)2.What modern technology are scientists using to help increase knowledge and appreciation of China’s ancient cultural heritage
A.The computer. B.The Internet.
C.A copy of caves. D.High-quality digital photography.
(　　)3.What do you think of the researcher’s opinion in the last paragraph
A.Right. B.Wrong.
C.Puzzling. D.Unrealistic.
答案:1.A　2.D　3.A
1.forgive vt.& vi.(forgave,forgiven)原谅;宽恕
vt.对不起;请原谅
forgiveness n.原谅;宽恕
(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
宽恕自己也同样重要。
He begged his boss to forgive him his faults.
他请求老板原谅他的过错。
I’ll never forgive her for what she did.
我绝不会原谅她做的事。
归纳拓展 forgive sb for (doing) sth原谅某人(做了)某事 forgive one’s doing sth原谅某人做了某事 forgive sb sth原谅某人某事(此处forgive后接双宾语) forgive and forget不计前嫌
句子语法填空
①Forgive yourself 　　　　 mistakes that you have made.
②It’s a good quality 　　　　 (forgive) and forget,especially in such a stressful society.
③Forgive me for 　　　　　 (interrupt),but I really don’t agree with that.
④They said sorry to him for their rude behaviour and asked for his 　　　　 (forgive).
答案:①for　②to forgive　③interrupting　④forgiveness
2.quality n.质量;品质;素质;特征
adj.优质的;高质量的
(2023·全国甲卷)He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences,and he does so with plenty of humour.
他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习,在这个过程中提高生活经验的质量,而且他的字里行间充满了幽默感。
In France,quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率).
在法国,生活质量比效率更重要。
归纳拓展 be of good/high quality 质量好的/高的 be of poor/bad quality 质量不好的 in quality 在质量方面
翻译句`子
①我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。
②伟人具有什么样的品德
③我买了一台电脑,质量很好。
答案:①My goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.　②What qualities does a great person have 　③I bought a computer,which is of good quality.
3.tradition n.传统;传统的信仰或风俗
traditional adj.传统的
traditionally adv.传统上;习惯上
(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures,and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the sixth century,B.C.
寓言是许多早期文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。
By tradition,women are dressed in red when they get married in many places of China.
按照传统习俗,在中国的很多地方,女性结婚时要穿红色的衣服。
归纳拓展 ·by/according to tradition 按照传统 it is a tradition (for sb) to do sth (对某人来说) 做某事是一种传统 ·it is traditional to do sth做某事是传统的
句子语法填空
①There is 　　　　 tradition in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday,they will bring a cake to us all to share.
②Do you like 　　 　　 (tradition) Chinese art using brush and ink
③　　 　　 (traditional),college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.
答案:①a　②traditional　③Traditionally
4.comparison n.比较;相比
compare vt.比较;对比;比喻
We are living rather well,in comparison with people elsewhere in the world.
与世界上其他地方的人相比,我们生活得相当好。
It is difficult to make a comparison with her previous book—they are completely different.
这本书很难与她以前的书相比——它们完全不同。
归纳拓展 ·in comparison with/to　与……相比 by/in comparison　相比之下;比较起来 make a comparison　进行对比 ·compare...with/to　把……与……相比 compare...to　把……比作/喻为 ·compared with/to...　和……比起来
(1)句子语法填空
①His performance was good in　　　　(compare) with other students.
②(2023·浙江1月卷)　　　　 (compare) to other alternatives,it’s comfortable and relaxing.
③People often compare young people 　　　　 the rising sun in the morning.
(2)完成句子
④　　　　　　 　　 (相比之下),this book is much more interesting.
答案:(1)①comparison　②Compared　③to (2)④By comparison
It+be+过去分词+that...
It is thought that he is a talented artist.
有人认为,他是一个有才华的艺术家。
It is said that he has left the city.
据说,他已经离开了这座城市。
归纳拓展 　　该句型中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。常用句型: ·It is said/believed/supposed/thought/reported/hoped that+从句 ·It is suggested/requested/required/ordered/advised that sb/sth (should) do
翻译句子
①据说,这本书的作者是位著名作家。
②专家建议,我们应该保持健康的饮食。
答案:①It is said that the author of the book is a famous writer.
②It is suggested by experts that we should keep a healthy diet.
[教师备用]
①As one researcher ②who is working on the project explains,“③Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself.④Appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries is very important for international communication and understanding.”
正如一位从事该项目的研究人员所解释的:“欣赏本国文化遗产,有助于我们了解自己;欣赏他国文化遗产,有助于增进国际交流和理解。”
分析:本句是一个主从复合句。其中①为as引导的非限制性定语从句;②为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词one researcher,who在从句中作主语; ③和④中的Appreciating为动名词作主语。
　①正如中国历史上最伟大的哲学家之一孔子所说:“学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。”
　,“Learning without thinking leads to confusion;thinking without learning ends in danger.”
②正如世界上最伟大的发明家之一爱迪生所说:“天才就是1%的灵感加上99%的汗水。”
　 ,“Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.”
答案:①As Confucius who is one of the greatest philosophers in Chinese history said　②As Edison who is one of the greatest inventors in the world said
文化遗产鉴赏与保护描写
1.places of interest 名胜古迹
2.play an important part in...在……中发挥着重要作用
3.date back to追溯到
4.look for cultural relics 寻找文化遗产
5.repair ancient buildings 修复古建筑
6.the importance of cultural heritage protection 文化遗产保护的重要性
7.show cultural relics to the public 向公众展示文化遗产
8.preserve the city’s cultural heritage 保护城市的文化遗产
9.arouse people’s awareness of protecting the cultural heritage 唤起人们保护文化遗产的意识
10.promote even wider interest in cultural relics 激发对文化遗产更广泛的兴趣
1.The protection of folk culture is of great significance.
保护民俗文化意义重大。
2.The places of interest in China are too numerous to mention.
中国的名胜古迹不胜枚举。
3.Showing cultural relics to the public contributes to improving cultural confidence.
向公众展示文化遗产有助于提升文化自信。
4.These cultural relics reflect the wisdom of ancient people.
这些文化遗产体现了古代人们的智慧。
1.是我们应该经常举办一些活动来唤醒人们的文化遗产保护意识的时候了。
2.博物馆是向公众展示文物的重要场所之一,在那里人们可以面对面地看到许多珍贵的历史资料。
答案:1.It’s high time that we should regularly carry out some activities in order to arouse people’s awareness of protecting the cultural heritage.
2.The museum is one of the important places to show cultural relics to the public,in which people can see many precious historical materials face to face.语法专项指导
定语从句
一、关系代词的用法
常见的关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose、as,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
1.that,指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或者表语,作宾语时,常可以省略。
This is the electric car (that) I saw in the advertisement yesterday.(that指物,在从句中作宾语,可以省略)
这是我昨天在广告上看到过的那辆电动轿车。
There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.(that指物,在从句中作主语,不能省略)
井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。
This is the girl (that) I met yesterday.(that指人,在从句中作宾语,可以省略)
这就是我昨天见过的那个女孩。
There are 5 students in my class that won the first prize in the Debating Competition.(that指人,在从句中作主语,不能省略)
我们班有五个同学在辩论比赛中获得一等奖。
句子语法填空
①These are the books 　　　　 he donated to our school.
②Could you please tell me the whole story 　　　　 happened to you ten years ago
③Children 　　　　 play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later might develop better spatial skills.
答案:①that/省略　②that　③that
2.which,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可以省略。
The movie (which) they talked about just now is very inspiring.(which指物,在从句中作宾语,可以省略)
他们刚才谈论的那部电影很鼓舞人心。
The river which runs through the centre of the city has been cleaned.(which 指物,在从句中作主语,不能省略)
穿过市中心的那条河已经清理过了。
(1)关系代词只能用that而不能用which的情况如下所示。
①当先行词为all、everything、nothing、anything、much、little、few等不定代词时。
Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said
你都记下李老师讲的了吗
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的都做了。
②当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
Don’t trust the first sign that you see.
不要相信你看见的第一个迹象。
③当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the largest ship that I have ever seen.
这是我见过的最大的船。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
④当先行词被 very、both、only、all、every、no、any、little、much、some等修饰时。
That’s the only thing that we can do now.
那是目前我们唯一能做的事。
This is the very book that I always want.
这正是我一直想要的那本书。
⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。
They talked about the people and things that they saw in the factory.
他们谈论起在工厂里看到的人和事。
⑥当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时,为避免重复而用that。
Who is the boy that shook hands with you just now
刚才和你握手的那个男孩是谁
(2)关系代词只能用which不能用that的情况如下所示。
①当关系代词前有逗号,即引导非限制性定语从句时。
He has a walk every night,which does good to him.
他每晚都散步,这对他有好处。
②当关系代词前有介词且先行词指物时。
Here is the car about which I told you.
这就是我向你提到过的那辆汽车。
句子语法填空
①This is the house in 　　　　 Lu Xun once lived.
②The present time is the best gift 　　　　 you can give yourself.
③He has a balanced diet,　　　　 contributes to his good health.
④All 　　　　 we can do is to do our best and not worry about the future.
⑤She described in her composition the people and places 　　　　 impressed her most.
答案:①which　②that　③which　④that　⑤that
3.who,指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可以省略。
Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those who don’t.(who指人,在从句中作主语,不能省略)
每天喝咖啡超过两杯的女性比那些不喝这么多咖啡的女性患心脏病的可能性更大。
The scientist who we respect most is Yuan Longping and he made great contributions to increasing food production to feed the world.(who指人,在从句中作宾语,可以省略)
我们最尊敬的科学家是袁隆平,他为增加粮食产量以养活世界人口作出了巨大贡献。
句子语法填空
①They were well trained by their masters 　　　　 had great experience with caring for these animals.
②Happiness and success often come to those 　　　　 are good at recognising their own strengths.
③The educator 　　　　we had been looking forward to seeing in person came last Friday.
答案:①who　②who　③who/省略
4.whom,指人,在从句中只作宾语,常可省略,在口语中可用who或that代替。
Jane is the girl (whom) my teacher often mentions.(whom指人,在从句中作宾语,可以省略)
简就是我的老师经常提到的那个女孩。
句子语法填空
①Many young people,most of 　　　　 were well-educated,headed for remote areas to chase their dreams.
②Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from 　　　　 you received gifts
答案:①whom　②whom
5.whose,指人或物,在从句中作定语。
The school shop,whose customers are mainly students,is closed during the holiday.(whose指物,在从句中作定语,不能省略)
这个学校商店的顾客主要是学生,它在假期不营业。
Lu Xun,whose real name is Zhou Shuren,wrote lots of novels and essays.(whose指人,在从句中作定语,不能省略)
鲁迅,原名周树人,写了很多小说和散文。
whose通常可被“the+n.+of whom/which”或“of whom/which+the+n.”替换。
Our school plans to hold a foreign language festival,whose aim is to improve students’ interest in learning foreign language.
→Our school plans to hold a foreign language festival,the aim of which/of which the aim is to improve students’ interest in learning foreign language.
我们学校计划举办一次外语节,其目的是提高学生们学习外语的兴趣。
句子语法填空
①The professor 　　　　 research specialty is robotics will give a lecture on the subject next week.
②The book 　　　　cover is pink is the one I bought for my daughter.
答案:①whose　②whose
6.as,指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语。常和the same、such连用。构成固定用法“the same...as...”和“such...as...”。
Even in my dreams I couldn’t imagine such a beautiful place as you have offered us.
我做梦也想象不到你给了我们一个如此美丽的地方。
as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的共同点和不同点。
共同点:其先行词都指代一句话。
不同点:as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末,而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首;as引导的定语从句有“正如;正像……”的意思,而which指“这/那一点;这/那件事”。
The sun gives off light and heat,which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳释放光和热,这使得植物生长成为可能。
As we all know/As is known to us all,light travels faster than sound.
=Light travels faster than sound,as is known to us all.
众所周知,光速比声速快。
注意:as常用于as anybody can see、as we all know、as we expect/as is expected、as is reported、as has been announced、as is often the case等搭配中。
句子语法填空
①She has the same opinion 　　　　 her mother.
②The number of smokers,　　　　 is reported,has dropped greatly in recent years.
答案:①as　②as
二、关系副词的用法
1.when　当先行词是表示时间的名词,定语从句中不缺主语或宾语时,常用关系副词when引导定语从句。
I’ll never forget the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
我永远忘不了中华人民共和国成立的日子。
2.where　当先行词是表示地点的名词,定语从句中不缺主语或宾语时,常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
We live in a society where exchanging presents is an important part of interpersonal communication.
在我们生活的社会里,互赠礼物是人际交往的重要组成部分。
3.why　当先行词是表示原因的名词,定语从句中不缺主语或宾语时,常用关系副词why引导定语从句。
The reason why she didn’t come to the party was that she had to study for an exam.
她没有来参加聚会的原因是她必须为一场考试而学习。
当先行词为situation、case、stage、point等,且关系词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词where。关系副词when、where可用于非限制性定语从句中,而关系副词why不可以。
句子语法填空
①I don’t know the reason 　　　　 he looks unhappy today.
②We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,　　　　 the weather may be better.
③This is the room 　　　　 my grandma used to live.
答案:①why　②when　③where
1.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Today,I’m going to introduce to you a magazine 　　　　 features the art of living.
2.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)The Idler is a cheering read 　　　　 makes you feel better about life.
3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)As an artist 　　　　 shares her journey on social media,I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.
4.(2023·全国乙卷)The Caribbean Taino,the Australian Aboriginals,the African people of Benin and the Incas,all of 　　　　 appear in this book,can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made.
5.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)It might be the time 　　　　 you helped a friend with their homework,when you did the ironing without being asked,or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.
答案及剖析:
1.that/which　考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,定语从句的先行词是a magazine,从句缺少主语,应用that/which引导。故填that/which。
2.that/which　考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子成分可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词是read,从句中缺主语,应用that/which引导。故填that/which。
3.that/who　考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,此处引导定语从句,修饰先行词artist,从句中缺主语,应用that/who引导。故填that/who。
4.whom　考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词指人,关系词跟在介词后面。故填whom。
5.when　考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,定语从句的先行词是the time,从句缺少时间状语,应用when引导。故填when。
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.The man 　　　　 you met yesterday is my brother.
2.Students should take part in community activities 　　　　 they can gain experience for growth.
3.China is a country 　　　　has rich cultural heritages.
4.Do you know the reason 　　　　 he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday
5.In ancient China lived an artist 　　　　 paintings were almost lifelike.
6.There are times 　　　　 I feel extremely happy and satisfied with my life.
答案:1.who/whom/that　2.where　3.which/that 4.why　5.whose　6.when
Ⅱ.语篇填空
Do you know the girl 1.　　　　 has long hair She is the student 2.　　　　 English is the best in my school.Her father works in a company 3.　　　　 computers are produced.Her mother works in a shop 4.　　 　　 sells clothes.They live in a beautiful house,in front of
5.　　　　 there are some trees.
The girl 6.　　　 　 we are talking about is Mary.She is lucky enough to have a wonderful English teacher called Tom.Tom is such a good teacher 7.　　　　 his students love.He gives his students enough time to practise using English in class.Now I know the reason 8.　　　　 I didn’t learn English well.9.　　　　 the saying goes,practice makes perfect.I’ll always remember the advice that my teacher gave me and I’ll never forget the days 10.　　　　 we studied together.
答案:1.that/who　2.whose　3.where　4.that/which　5.which　6.that/who/whom　7.as
8.why　9.As　10.when写作专项指导
写一篇新闻报道
1.文体类型:新闻报道,属于应用文范畴。
2.要点内容:常用于报道某个重大事件、政府采取的解决问题的措施、重大的研究发现等。
1.新闻报道首段常用句式。
On the morning of...,China successfully set up...
Many countries around the world sent their congratulations.
It is reported that...
A recent report shows/suggests/indicates...
On 10 September,a party to celebrate...is to be held.
On the early morning of 2 April,a big fire broke out in...
With the rapid increase of China’s population,...is becoming increasingly serious.
On 13 January 2023,a storm hit /struck...,causing about 100 people injured...
Last Sunday,our school held a 5km cross-country running race,which attracted many enthusiastic participants,including both students and teachers.
2.新闻报道中段常用句式。
It attracts millions of visitors from all over the world.
It is such a...that I am deeply impressed by it.
It has a large collection of historic and cultural relics that are highly prized and valuable.
It’s likely that...
It’s a great chance for...
3.新闻报道尾段常用句式。
In a word,it is necessary for...
Cultural heritage is of great value and protecting it can make us feel proud of our nation.
The more they know about the importance of cultural protection,the stronger the support we can get from the public.
It is important/significant/one’s duty to protect cultural heritage.
The protection of national and folk culture is of great significance.
We should take more effective steps to better protect cultural heritage.
Thanks to the ceremony/lecture,students realise...
The visit/event/activity improved their knowledge and broadened their horizons.
By taking part in the activity,students learnt a lot about...
I believe we can certainly protect cultural heritage well with the public and the government working together.
With their efforts,an increasing number of people become concerned about protecting cultural relics.
　　随着经济的发展,越来越多的文化遗产遭到破坏。请你以“Preserve Our Cultural Relics”为题,用英语给当地报社写一篇新闻报道,以纪念文化和自然遗产日(Cultural and Natural Heritage Day)。要点如下:
1.文化遗产的重要性(见证历史和文化,帮助人们了解过去,稀少,有价值);
2.呼吁人们保护文化遗产。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Ⅰ.对接话题词汇
1.　　　　　　　　 vt.保存;保护;维持
n.保护区
2.　　　　　　　　 文化遗产
3.　　　　　　　　 adj.值得做的;值得花时间的
答案:1.preserve　2.cultural heritage　3.worthwhile
Ⅱ.巧用核心句式、语法
1.如今,我们的社会发展很快。
Nowadays,our society 　 .
2.越来越多的文物正面临着消失的危险。
An increasing number of cultural relics 　.
3.我们必须重视这个问题,并不遗余力地去保护它们。
We must attach importance to the problem and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.文物代表着我们的历史文化。
Cultural relics show 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.它们为我们提供了一个很好的机会来了解过去发生了什么。
They offer us a good chance 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the past.
6.而且,它们中的大多数已经幸存了很长一段时间,它们通常是非常稀有和珍贵的。
Also,most of them have survived 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 and they are usually 　 　　　　　　　　 　　　　.
7.文化和自然遗产日即将到来,我们应该呼吁人们来保护我们的宝藏,这是值得做的。
With the Cultural and Natural Heritage Day 　　 　　,we should call on people to 　　　　　　　　　　　　,which is 　　　　　　　.
答案:1.is developing fast　2.are facing the danger of disappearing　3.spare no effort to preserve them　4.our history and culture　5.to learn about what happened　6.for a long time;very rare and valuable　7.coming;preserve our treasures;worthwhile
1.将第1句和第2句用with复合结构进行升级。
2.将第4句和第5句用非限制性定语从句进行升级。
答案:1.Nowadays,with our society developing fast,an increasing number of cultural relics are facing the danger of disappearing.
2.Cultural relics show our history and culture,which offers us a good chance to learn about what happened in the past.
　　Nowadays,with our society developing fast,an increasing number of cultural relics are facing the danger of disappearing.
We must attach importance to the problem and spare no effort to preserve them.Cultural relics show our history and culture,which offers us a good chance to learn about what happened in the past.Also,most of them have survived for a long time and they are usually very rare and valuable.
With the Cultural and Natural Heritage Day coming,we should call on people to preserve our treasures,which is worthwhile.
某历史文化名城为了修建公路,欲将该市建于唐朝的一处古城墙拆除。假设你是某报记者,请根据下面的调查结果用英文写一篇新闻报道。
赞成 (10%) 1.修建公路是社会发展的需要; 2.文化遗产在必要时应给社会发展让路。
反对 (90%) 1.古城墙有极高的价值,是城市文明的象征之一; 2.文化遗产有利于我国与世界各国的文化交流。
　　注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.标题和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Should Cultural Relics Give Way to the Development of Society
　　What the local government will do remains to be reported in our paper.
One possible version:
Should Cultural Relics Give Way to
the Development of Society
One of the ancient walls dating from the Tang Dynasty in the city will be torn down to build a road.
About 10% of the citizens interviewed support this action,saying building a road is necessary for the development of society.And cultural heritage should give way to the development of society when necessary.However,about 90% of the citizens interviewed have the opposite opinion.They believe the ancient city wall,one of the symbols of the city civilisation,is of great value.Such cultural heritage plays an important part in communication between China and the rest of the world.
What the local government will do remains to be reported in our paper.
Ⅰ.重点讲义回顾
1.balance n.平衡;均匀;余额
vt.使平衡
adj.平衡的;均衡的 balanced
①失去平衡 lose one’s balance
②均衡的饮食 a balanced diet
③海洋不仅给我们提供了充足的食物,还保持了自然的平衡。
Not only does the ocean offer us enough food,but it also keeps the balance of nature.
2.proposal n.提议;建议
vt.提议;建议;提出;求婚 propose
①提出(做……的)建议 make a proposal (to do sth)/that sb/sth (should) do...
②建议做…… propose doing/to do...
③至于礼物,建议你选择一些有新西兰特色的,这样一定会赢得你朋友的喜爱。
As for presents,I propose that you should choose some with New Zealand features,which is sure to win your friend’s love.
3.contribution n.捐款;贡献;捐赠
vt.& vi.捐献;捐助;作贡献;投稿;导致 contribute
①有助于;导致;把(时间)投入到……;捐款;投稿;为……作出贡献 contribute to
②把……贡献给……;向……捐(款) contribute...to...
③社区服务很值得做,也是一项我能为我们社会作出积极贡献的工作。
The community service was a job worthwhile to do and something positive I could do to make contributions to our society.
4.attempt n.& vt.试图;企图;尝试
①尝试(试图)做…… attempt to do/(at) doing...
②尝试做…… make an attempt to do/(at) doing...
③如果你第一次尝试失败的话,也没必要为此感到沮丧。
If you don’t succeed at the first attempt,there is no need to be upset about it.
Ⅱ.重点句型练习
1.到了孩子们需要知道锻炼的重要性的时候了。
There comes a time when children need to know the importance of exercise.
2.积极参加课外活动有利于学生的身心健康。
Taking an active part in after-school activities is beneficial to students’ physical and mental health.
3.据说有800多名学生参加了这场越野赛。
It is said that more than 800 students took part in the cross-country running race.
4.你不仅可以通过参加英语角来提高自己的口语,还可以交到新朋友。
By going to the English corner,not only can you improve your spoken English,but you can also make new friends.
5.不从错误中吸取教训,我们就不能提高技能,也不能实现我们的目标。
Without learning a lesson from our mistakes,we would neither improve skills nor realise our goals.
Ⅲ.重点语法回顾
1.关系代词whose引导定语从句,指人或物,在从句中作定语,可用“the+n.+of which/whom”替换。
2.当定语从句的先行词是物,并且被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,定语从句的关系代词只能用that不能用which。
3.当定语从句的先行词既有人又有物时需要兼顾两者,定语从句只能用that引导。
4.定语从句的先行词是物或者整个主句内容,关系代词前有逗号,在从句中作主语或者宾语时,从句只能用which引导。
5.当定语从句的先行词为抽象地点名词如situation、condition、life、journey、case、point、scene、stage等,且从句缺少状语时,从句要用where引导。

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