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(共28张PPT)
第二部分 语 法 专 项
第十二讲 宾语从句和定语从句
中考考点知识清单
河北十年中考真题
中考考场实战演练
中考考点知识清单
宾语从句
在复合句中，充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句。河北省中考经常考查宾语
从句的引导词、语序和时态。
1.宾语从句的引导词
引导宾语从句的引导词有：that（在口语中常省略）、whether、if、
what、which、who、whom、when、where、how、why等。对引导词的
选择要注意以下三点：#1.1.1
（1）陈述句变为宾语从句时，引导词用that，在口语中that常省略，无实
义。如：
He says， “I like listening to music.”
他说：“我喜欢听音乐。”
→He says （that） he likes listening to music.
他说他喜欢听音乐。#1.1.1.1.2
（2）一般疑问句变成宾语从句时，引导词用if或whether，意为“是否”，
当从句中含有or not时，则只能用whether。如：
Mom asks me， “Will you go shopping with me？” 妈妈问我:“你和我
一起去购物吗？”
→Mom asks me if I will go shopping with her. 妈妈问我是否要和她
一起去购物。
（3）特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，用特殊疑问词作引导词。如：
She asked， “Where is Mr. Li？”
她问：“李先生在哪儿？”
→She asked where Mr. Li was.
她问李先生在哪儿。
2.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序必须用陈述语序（即“主语+谓语+其他”）。如：
I asked why he didn't eat breakfast.
我问他为什么不吃早饭。
一些特殊疑问词在从句中作主语时，语序保持不变。如：I wonder
what happened to you.我想知道你发生了什么事。
3.宾语从句的时态
（1）当主句表示现在的某种时态时，从句根据实际情况使用相应的时态。
如：
I hear he will be back in a few days.
我听说几天后他会回来。
（2）当主句表示过去的某种时态时，从句用相应的过去时态。如：
She said she had seen this film several times.
她说她已经看过这部电影好几次了。
（3）若从句表达的是客观真理、规律，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要
用一般现在时。如：
He told us the earth goes round the sun.
他告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
4.宾语从句的否定结构
当主句的谓语动词为believe、think、suppose等时，若要表达从句意
义上的否定，一般将believe、think、suppose等变成否定形式。如：
I don't think you are right. 我认为你不对。
5.宾语从句与简单句的转换
当宾语从句由when、where、who、which、what、why、whose 等
特殊疑问词引导，并且前后两个分句的逻辑主语相同时，可以转化成“特
殊疑问词+动词不定式”形式，从而由一个复合句变成一个简单句。如：
She doesn't know what she should do next.=
She doesn't know what to do next.
她不知道下一步该做什么。
定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修
饰的词叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词后面，关系代词或关系副词放在先
行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的某个成分。引导
定语从句的关系代词有that、which、who、whom（宾格）、whose（所
有格），关系副词有where、when、why等。初中阶段要求理解关系代词
that、who、which引导的定语从句。#1
1.定语从句中关系代词的用法#1.1
先行 词 功能 引导词 例句
人 主语 that， who Who is the girl that is reading English over
there？正在那边读英语的女孩是谁？
The boy who came to our class yesterday is
fromAmerica. 昨天来我们班的那个男孩来自美
国。
先行 词 功能 引导词 例句
人 宾语 that， who， whom The girl （that/whom/who）you talked to just
now is Kate. 刚才和你谈话的那个女孩是凯
特。
先行 词 功能 引导词 例句
物 主 语、 宾语 that， which The bikes which/that are made in Tianjin sell
well. 天津生产的自行车卖得很好。（作主语）
The book which/that he bought last week cost
him twenty yuan. 他上周买的书花费了他20
元。（作宾语）
2.定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况
（1）先行词是all、nothing、everything、anything、little、much等不定
代词或复合不定代词时。如：
Here is everything that I know.
这就是我知道的所有的事。
（2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：
That is the biggest surprise that I have got.
那是我收到的最大的惊喜。
（3）先行词被the only、the last等词修饰时。如：
This is the only thing that I want to know.
这是我唯一想知道的事情。
（4）先行词既包括人又包括物时。如：
Can you talk about the people and the things that you met during
your trip
你能谈谈旅行中遇到的人和事吗？
（5）当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：
Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday
哪本书是他昨天从图书馆借的？
3.定语从句中关系副词的用法
（1）when指时间。如：
You can leave here any time when you want to. 你想何时离开都行。
（2）where指地点。如：
This is the house where I once lived.
这是我曾经住过的房子。
（3）why指原因。如：
He didn't tell me the reason why he was late for school. 他没有告诉
我他上学迟到的原因。
河北十年中考真题
根据句意，用适当的引导词填空。
1.（2024，河北改编）To know ______ the mountain top looks like，
you need to reach it.
2.（2022，河北）She often asks people ______ she can do for them.
what
what
中考考场实战演练
Ⅰ.根据句意，用适当的引导词填空。
1.（2025，达州改编）—What kind of music do you like？
—I like music ___________ I can dance to. When I hear the songs，
I'm full of energy.
that/which
2.（2025，成都改编）It's hard to say goodbye to the teachers
_________ have spent the past three years with us.
who/that
3.（2025，遂宁改编）—What kinds of after-school activities do you
like？
—I like those activities ___________ are about P.E. and art.
which/that
4.（2025，齐齐哈尔改编）—Could you please tell me _____ you will
miss the most after junior high school？
—Miss Wu. She was always patient with me in English class.
who
5.（2025，天津改编）—Could you tell me ______ you are reading？
—Alice in Wonderland.
what
6.（2025，遂宁改编）—Could you please tell me _______ I can find
a quiet place to read？
—Certainly. There is a modern library on Binjiang Road. You can
find different kinds of books there.
where
7.（2025，达州改编）—Excuse me, could you tell me _____ I can get
to the library？
—Sure. Go straight and turn left at the end of the road. You can
find it.
how
8.（2025，武威改编）—Excuse me， do you know ______ the concert
will start？
—Sure. It's at 9：00 a.m. next Monday.
when
9.（2024，成都改编）—Do you know _____ AI is being used to
create music？
—I'm not sure. Maybe it's cheaper than paying a musician.
why
Ⅱ.短文填空。（2025，石家庄裕华区一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正
确形式。
Zhang Mei is 15 years old. She 1. _____（live） in Shijiazhuang.
She is 2. __________（interest） in history. She hopes that she 3.
____________（become） a history teacher in the future.
Last Sunday， Zhang Mei 4. ________（decide） to visit Hebei
Museum. It 5. __________（build） in 1953. She wanted to know 6.
______ life was like in the past.#1.2
lives
interested
will become
decided
was built
what
When she got there， she noticed some 7. ________（visitor）
waiting at the gate. Ten minutes 8. ______（late）， she went into
the museum. After walking around the museum for a while， she
saw the famous Changxin Palace Lamp. It was 9. ____ the second
floor. Some people around her 10. _____________（talk） about the
lamp. One old man said， “This lamp is really amazing.”Zhang Mei
11. ________（nod）.#1.3
visitors
later
on
were talking
nodded
Then， she saw 12. ___ guide introducing the Changxin Palace
Lamp to some people. She quickly joined 13. ______（they） and
listened carefully. The lamp is known as the 14. _____（one） lamp
in China. After listening to the guide， Zhang Mei felt that she was
closer to the history of ancient China.
When it was time 15. _________（leave） the museum， Zhang
Mei thought this visit was really a great experience. She hoped she
could go there again.#1.5
a
them
first
to leave

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