资源简介

素养测练(三)　UNIT 2　Part 1
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The 　　　　 (困境) of moral choice often demonstrates the complexity of human nature.
2. Finally he 　　　　 (委托) the task to a person of high moral principles.
3.She 　　　　 (抱怨) about the lack of moral values in today’s society in her book.
4. The young driver 　　　　 (回应) with great moral courage in the face of the accident.
5. He　　　　 (发表) an article discussing the importance of upholding moral principles in business.
6. Actually,the 　　　　 (原则) of morality are the foundation of a just society.
7.One’s behaviour often 　　　　 (阐明) his or her moral character.
8.An 　　　　 (精力充沛的) person is more likely to take positive action and make a difference.
9.The company responded quickly to the incident,demonstrating a strong sense of 　　　　(道德的) responsibility.
10.Many　　　　 (事故) are caused by the neglect of safety regulations.
答案:1.dilemma　2.entrusted　3.complained 4.responded　5.published　6.principles
7.illustrates　8.energetic　9.moral 10.accidents
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.Being patient is one of his 　　　　 (virtue).
2.The statistics are a clear 　　　　 (illustrate) of the point I am trying to make.
3.His mother 　　　　 (faint) when she heard the sad news.
4.During the trip,we 　　　　 (hire) a local guide to get us across the mountains.
5.In the last two 　　　　 (decade),the advanced technology has made people live longer.
6.Buy three together and you’ll make a 　　　　 (save) of 60 pence.
7.To my great joy,my parents are going to celebrate their golden 　　　　 (marry).
8.I’d like to make a 　　　　 (complain) about the book I bought in your shop.
9.Tom studied hard and was willing to help others.Therefore,he 　　　　 (elect) as our monitor.
10.If you want to see a doctor,you should make an 　　　　 (appoint) with him in advance.
11.I received an encouraging 　　　　 (respond) to my application for admission to university.
12.The company’s 　　　　 (reject) made him disappointed.However,he didn’t give up and decided to try again.
13.The boy was 　　　　 (scare) to cross the street alone.
14.Mary always gets up early in the morning,feeling 　　　　 (energy) and ready to start a new day.
15.I don’t think teachers will 　　　　 (replace) by computers in the classroom.
答案:1.virtues　2.illustration　3.fainted　4.hired 5.decades　6.saving　7.marriage
8.complaint　9.was elected　10.appointment　11.response　12.rejection　13.scared
14.energetic　15.be replaced
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.她在他耳边低语,警告他可能的道德后果。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,warning him of the potential moral consequences.
2.他在帮助别人时往往更慷慨。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　 when it came to helping others.
3.我从小就发现没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力。
Since my childhood I have found that　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4. 当我查看他们的作品时,张锐是第一个分享自己故事的人。
When I checked their work,Zhang Rui 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.他抱怨公司缺乏道德领导力。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the lack of moral leadership in the company.
6.为了应对危机,公司采取了措施来提高其道德标准。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 the crisis,the company took measures to improve its ethics.
答案:1.She whispered into his ear　2.tended to be more generous　3.nothing is more attractive to me than reading　4.was the first to share his story　5.complained about　6.In response to
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Virtue,by definition,is the moral excellence of a person.Morally excellent people have a character made up of virtues valued as good.They are honest,respectful,generous,forgiving and kind,for example.They do the right things,and don’t bend to impulses,urges or desires,but act according to values and principles.Some might say good qualities are inborn.Actually,virtues need to be cultivated.With the habit of being virtuous,we can take control of our lives and move them in the direction of greater happiness and fulfillment.
Virtues are universal and recognised by all cultures as basic qualities of well-being.However,
practising virtues is not easy.So often we know that it takes perseverance to reach our goals,and we still never get there.We know that if we forgive,we’ll be less angry.We know it takes courage to accomplish great things.So why then,if we know what to do,are we still stuck
We have not yet consciously applied a virtue to a given situation so as to change its outcome such as in these examples:Kindness towards someone who is having a bad day can make him or her smile and build rapport;trust in a relationship creates valuable,meaningful relationships;
gratitude for a job loss can shift our focus from feeling low to how we can have a more fulfilling career;service to others can change lives,better neighbourhoods and create stronger nations.
We know we are becoming more virtuous people,not only because of the results above but also because of the way other people respond to us.Our friends,families,co-workers,and neighbours will trust and rely on us.They will come to us for guidance and help.They will want to be around us because we inspire them to be better people.Practising virtues allows us to develop our potential,and live a more purposeful,better life.
(　　)1.What can we know about virtuous people from the first paragraph
A.They are born with virtues.
B.They never make a mistake.
C.They have a habit of doing good.
D.They act on the principle of profit.
(　　)2.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A.Satisfying careers.
B.Practice of virtues.
C.Trust in a relationship.
D.Basic qualities of well-being.
(　　)3.What does the underlined word “rapport” mean in the third paragraph
A.A good greeting.
B.A great atmosphere.
C.A good goodbye.
D.A close relationship.
(　　)4.What is the author’s purpose in the last paragraph
A.To encourage readers to be more virtuous.
B.To encourage readers to live a purposeful life.
C.To encourage readers to offer others guidance.
D.To encourage readers to develop others’ potential.
语篇导读:本文是议论文。文章主要讲述了践行美德能让我们开发自己的潜能,过上更有意义、更美好的生活。
答案及剖析:
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,道德高尚的人有行善的习惯。故选C。
2.B　段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知,本段主要讲的是践行美德并非易事,需要坚持。此段与践行美德有关。故选B。
3.D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“kindness towards someone who is having a bad day can make him or her smile and build”可知,此处是指对那些经历了糟糕的一天的人施以善意,可以让他或她微笑,从而建立“融洽的关系”,所以画线词可意为“融洽的关系”。故选D。
4.A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知,践行美德可以让我们开发自己的潜力,过上更有意义、更美好的生活,故可推断出最后一段作者的目的是鼓励人们践行美德。故选A。
B
In 2015,Professor Wang Zhenyi,who specialises in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)(急性早幼粒细胞白血病),received a letter of thanks from America.The writer of the letter was Mrs Bernadette Giandomenico,who once suffered from APL but was cured with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)(全反式维甲酸),a treatment developed by Wang and his medical team.
Working at Ruijin Hospital,Wang has been devoting his life to the treatment of leukemia.He received the country’s highest honour in science and technology in 2010.
Born in 1924 in Shanghai,Wang was inspired by a family friend’s experience of pursuing a career in medicine as a child.His grandmother’s death caused by typhoid (伤寒) further strengthened his resolve to fight against diseases and rescue patients.With outstanding academic performance,Wang became a doctor at Guangci Hospital,today’s Ruijin Hospital.
In 1978,a research paper from foreign experts gave Wang inspiration on studying how leukemia cells could become normal.His research didn’t progress as expected,though.In 1983,another research paper shed light on his study.As the paper suggested,after being treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid,white blood cells in patients with APL could become normal.Considering the difficulties and high cost of producing a drug made from 13-cis-retinoic acid,Wang’s team decided to replace that ingredient with ATRA,and they verified its positive effect after several months’ experiments.In 1986,the drug was first adopted in treating a five-year-old patient.It turned out successful.After eight years of research,Wang’s team eventually made the first breakthrough in the battle against APL.
To make sure every APL patient could afford the medicine,Wang has not patented (获取专利权) his research result to date.“One cannot be a real doctor if one does not have expertise in medicine,” Wang said in an interview.“However,without a kind heart,a skilled doctor may cause harm to patients.”
Having worked in the field of hematopathology (血液病理学) for over 70 years,Wang has been well recognised for his remarkable contribution to saving lives.
(　　)5.Why did Mrs Giandomenico write a letter to Professor Wang
A.To express her thanks.
B.To ask for medical suggestions.
C.To share her battle against APL.
D.To update information about APL treatment.
(　　)6.What increased Wang’s determination to become a doctor
A.His grandmother’s death.
B.The example of a family friend.
C.His great academic achievements.
D.The inspiration from foreign experts.
(　　)7.What does the underlined word “verified” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Denied.
B.Researched.
C.Predicted.
D.Confirmed.
(　　)8.What is the best title for the text
A.The Application of ATRA
B.A Doctor with a Kind Heart
C.The Chinese Cure for APL Patients
D.The Remarkable Honours a Lifesaver Got
语篇导读:本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了获得了国家最高科学技术奖的王振义教授的个人经历以及他对白血病的研究过程。
答案及剖析:
5.A　 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,2015年专门治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的王振义教授收到了一封来自美国的感谢信。这封信的作者是Bernadette Giandomenico女士,她曾经患有APL,但用全反式维甲酸(ATRA)治愈了,这是王教授和他的医疗团队开发的一种治疗药物。由此可知,她给王教授写信是为了表达她的感激。故选A。
6.A　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句可知,祖母的去世坚定了王振义要成为一名医生的决心。故选A。
7.D　词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“its positive effect after several months’ experiments...It turned out successful.”可知,团队决定用ATRA代替该成分,并经过几个月的实验验证了其积极作用。由此可推测,画线词verified意为“验证”,与Confirmed“证实”意思一致。故选D。
8.B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了王振义教授的个人经历以及他对白血病的研究过程,他为挽救生命作出了卓越的贡献。由此可知,B项适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
C
Many people avoid apologising because admitting to wrongdoing makes them uncomfortable.“We like to view ourselves as good people as kind and considerate,”says Ryan Fehr,a professor at the University of Washington.“Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we don’t always live up to our own standards.We might also fear that others won’t accept our apology,further damaging our positive sense of self.For these reasons,an apology can be very difficult to give.”
For many,apologising is stressful,awkward and uncomfortable.But a heartfelt apology has positive effects.It can improve your mental health,repair damaged relationships and promote self-esteem. “Apologies act as a signal of one’s moral character,” Fehr says.
Researchers at Ohio State University have determined that effective apologies have five elements:expressing regret,explaining what went wrong,acknowledging responsibility,offering to repair the situation and requesting forgiveness.All five aren’t necessary every time.“The more of those elements are included,the more likely the apology is seen as convincing,”says Roy Lewicki,the lead study author.“Acknowledgement of responsibility turns out to be the most important piece,followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.”
“Sometimes,an immediate apology is called for,” says Antony Manstead,a psychology professor at Cardiff University.“But if one is angry at your wrongdoing,it may be more effective to wait,because his or her anger may stop him or her accepting an apology.Some research suggests that a delay increases an apology’s effectiveness because it conveys that the wrongdoer has had time to reflect on his or her misdeeds,”says Mara Olekalns,a professor of management at Melbourne Business School.“The best time to apologise is when one feels ready to sincerely apologise,”says Etienne Mullet,research director of the Ethics and Work Laboratory at the Institute of Advanced Studies.“There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies.”
(　　)9.Why do many people feel uncomfortable to apologise
A.Because they are kind and considerate people.
B.Because they are afraid of losing face.
C.Because they believe themselves right.
D.Because they have high moral standards.
(　　)10.What is the most important when it comes to making an effective apology
A.To express regret.
B.To express what went wrong.
C.To accept responsibility.
D.To request forgiveness.
(　　)11.What can be inferred about an apology from the last paragraph
A.The sooner,the better.
B.The later,the better.
C.The more often,the better.
D.The more genuine,the better.
(　　)12.What is the passage mainly about
A.How you can make an effective apology.
B.Why people avoid apologising.
C.What benefits you can get from an apology.
D.When you can make a heartfelt apology.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要说明了道歉是一个人道德品质的标志并阐述了应如何做有效的道歉。
答案及剖析:
9.B　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知,对许多人来说,道歉是一种有压力的、令人尴尬的、不舒服的行为。故选B。
10.C　细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知,有效的道歉中最重要的便是承担责任。故选C。
11.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知,没有什么比不真诚的道歉更糟糕的了;也就是说道歉时,态度越诚恳越好。故选D。
12.A　主旨大意题。文章第一段指出许多人拒绝道歉;第二段讲述了真诚的道歉有积极的影响;第三、第四段就做有效的道歉进行了说明。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
Forgiveness is often considered as an important decision to let go of feelings of anger towards someone who you believe has wronged you.However,while you may be quite generous in your ability to forgive others,you can be much harder on yourself.1.　　　.
Accept the result of your actions
Forgiving yourself is about more than just putting the past behind you and moving on.
2.　　　.Facing what you have done or what has happened is the first step towards self-forgiveness.It’s also the hardest step.If you have been making excuses in order to make them seem acceptable,it is time to accept what you have done.
Treat yourself with kindness and compassion (同情)
Forgiving yourself requires facing your actions,but it is important to reach this with self-compassion.3.　　　.Try to be compassionate instead of being self-critical (自我批评的).
4.　　
Making a correction is an important part of forgiveness,even when the person you are forgiving is yourself.One way to move past your regret is to take action to correct your mistakes.
Learn from the experience
Forgiving yourself often requires finding a way to learn from the experience and make an active effort to do better in the future.To do this,you need to understand why you behave the way you did and why you feel sorry.What steps can you take to prevent the same behaviours again in the future 5.　　　,rather than feel sorry about those past mistakes.
A. Make a correction
B.Be aware of others’ feelings
C.It is about accepting what has happened
D.The following steps may help you learn how to forgive yourself
E.You need to tell yourself that thoughts are not facts
F.Remind yourself of what you learnt to guide your actions going forward
G.The key is to treat yourself with the same kindness you show to another person
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了宽恕自己的方法。
答案及剖析:
1.D　根据上文以及下文中给的建议可知,设空处应承接上文并能引出下文的建议。D项符合题意,其中“The following steps”对应下文中的建议。故选D。
2.C　根据上下文可知,设空处应描述怎样原谅自己。C项符合题意,其中“It is about”对应上文“Forgiving yourself is about more than”以及“accepting what has happened”对应下文“Facing what you have done or what has happened”。故选C。
3.G　根据小标题以及设空处前内容可知,设空处应描述要怎样善待自己。G项符合题意,其中“treat yourself with the same kindness”对应小标题中的“Treat yourself with kindness”。故选G。
4.A　设空处为小标题,所以应能总结下文。根据下文可知,小标题的内容应为改变自己,作出修正。A项正好能概括下文,符合题意。故选A。
5.F　根据小标题“Learn from the experience”和设空处前后内容可知,设空处应描述应该怎样做才能防止同样的行为再次发生。F项中的“what you learnt”对应小标题“Learn from the experience”。故选F。
Ⅲ.语法填空
My husband and I were watering 1.　　　　 (flower) in the yard when we saw an old man 2.　　　　 (pass) by.He stopped to talk with us.He asked us to guess his age and I thought he was 75 years old.However,that was 3.　　　　 (obvious) wrong.He was actually 94! He said he couldn’t find people to talk to.I invited him to sit on our bench.I asked him 4.　　　　 the secret to his longevity(长寿) was.He told me that he had been a rich lawyer before retiring but he wanted a 5.　　　　 (peace) mind.Then someone advised him that he should try to help others to have peace of mind.
Then,the new friend made a 6.　　　　 (contribute) to charity.He gave away all his pension (退休金).He said he lived with his son and didn’t need the money.He enjoyed 7.　　　 　 (talk)and accepted my offer of some desserts(甜点).After a few minutes,the desserts for his son
8.　　　　 (pack) too and he gave me a silk scarf as 9.　　　　 gift.I am grateful for this chance,which makes me know that if you want peace of mind,do be helpful to others.This chance also reminds me 10.　　　　 a precious idea:To practise peace!
语篇导读:本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一位长者聊天之后,被长者的做法启发,立志要通过帮助他人以保持平静的心态。
答案及剖析:
1.flowers　考查名词复数。flower为可数名词,空前没有限定词修饰,应用复数形式表泛指。故填flowers。
2.passing　考查非谓语动词。设空处作宾语补足语,与宾语“an old man”构成主动关系,故填passing。
3.obviously　考查副词。应用副词修饰形容词,故填obviously。
4.what　考查宾语从句。设空处应是asked后的宾语从句的连接词,且在从句中作表语,意为“什么”。故填what。
5.peaceful　考查形容词。根据空后的名词mind可知,修饰名词应用形容词,故填peaceful。
6.contribution　考查名词。“make a contribution to...”意为“向……捐款;对……作贡献”。故填contribution。
7.talking　考查非谓语动词。enjoy后接动词-ing形式作宾语。故填talking。
8.were packed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。and连接两个并列成分,设空处为前一分句的谓语,根据后一分句的时态可知,应用一般过去时,主语“the desserts”为复数,且与动词pack构成被动关系,故填were packed。
9.a　考查冠词。gift是可数名词,此处表泛指,应用不定冠词且gift以辅音音素开头。故填a。
10.of/about　考查介词。“remind sb of/about sth”意为“提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事”,故填of/about。素养测练(三)　UNIT 2　Part 1
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The 　　　　 (困境) of moral choice often demonstrates the complexity of human nature.
2. Finally he 　　　　 (委托) the task to a person of high moral principles.
3.She 　　　　 (抱怨) about the lack of moral values in today’s society in her book.
4. The young driver 　　　　 (回应) with great moral courage in the face of the accident.
5. He　　　　 (发表) an article discussing the importance of upholding moral principles in business.
6. Actually,the 　　　　 (原则) of morality are the foundation of a just society.
7.One’s behaviour often 　　　　 (阐明) his or her moral character.
8.An 　　　　 (精力充沛的) person is more likely to take positive action and make a difference.
9.The company responded quickly to the incident,demonstrating a strong sense of 　　　　(道德的) responsibility.
10.Many　　　　 (事故) are caused by the neglect of safety regulations.
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.Being patient is one of his 　　　　 (virtue).
2.The statistics are a clear 　　　　 (illustrate) of the point I am trying to make.
3.His mother 　　　　 (faint) when she heard the sad news.
4.During the trip,we 　　　　 (hire) a local guide to get us across the mountains.
5.In the last two 　　　　 (decade),the advanced technology has made people live longer.
6.Buy three together and you’ll make a 　　　　 (save) of 60 pence.
7.To my great joy,my parents are going to celebrate their golden 　　　　 (marry).
8.I’d like to make a 　　　　 (complain) about the book I bought in your shop.
9.Tom studied hard and was willing to help others.Therefore,he 　　　　 (elect) as our monitor.
10.If you want to see a doctor,you should make an 　　　　 (appoint) with him in advance.
11.I received an encouraging 　　　　 (respond) to my application for admission to university.
12.The company’s 　　　　 (reject) made him disappointed.However,he didn’t give up and decided to try again.
13.The boy was 　　　　 (scare) to cross the street alone.
14.Mary always gets up early in the morning,feeling 　　　　 (energy) and ready to start a new day.
15.I don’t think teachers will 　　　　 (replace) by computers in the classroom.
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.她在他耳边低语,警告他可能的道德后果。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,warning him of the potential moral consequences.
2.他在帮助别人时往往更慷慨。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　 when it came to helping others.
3.我从小就发现没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力。
Since my childhood I have found that　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4. 当我查看他们的作品时,张锐是第一个分享自己故事的人。
When I checked their work,Zhang Rui 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.他抱怨公司缺乏道德领导力。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the lack of moral leadership in the company.
6.为了应对危机,公司采取了措施来提高其道德标准。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 the crisis,the company took measures to improve its ethics.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Virtue,by definition,is the moral excellence of a person.Morally excellent people have a character made up of virtues valued as good.They are honest,respectful,generous,forgiving and kind,for example.They do the right things,and don’t bend to impulses,urges or desires,but act according to values and principles.Some might say good qualities are inborn.Actually,virtues need to be cultivated.With the habit of being virtuous,we can take control of our lives and move them in the direction of greater happiness and fulfillment.
Virtues are universal and recognised by all cultures as basic qualities of well-being.However,
practising virtues is not easy.So often we know that it takes perseverance to reach our goals,and we still never get there.We know that if we forgive,we’ll be less angry.We know it takes courage to accomplish great things.So why then,if we know what to do,are we still stuck
We have not yet consciously applied a virtue to a given situation so as to change its outcome such as in these examples:Kindness towards someone who is having a bad day can make him or her smile and build rapport;trust in a relationship creates valuable,meaningful relationships;
gratitude for a job loss can shift our focus from feeling low to how we can have a more fulfilling career;service to others can change lives,better neighbourhoods and create stronger nations.
We know we are becoming more virtuous people,not only because of the results above but also because of the way other people respond to us.Our friends,families,co-workers,and neighbours will trust and rely on us.They will come to us for guidance and help.They will want to be around us because we inspire them to be better people.Practising virtues allows us to develop our potential,and live a more purposeful,better life.
(　　)1.What can we know about virtuous people from the first paragraph
A.They are born with virtues.
B.They never make a mistake.
C.They have a habit of doing good.
D.They act on the principle of profit.
(　　)2.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A.Satisfying careers.
B.Practice of virtues.
C.Trust in a relationship.
D.Basic qualities of well-being.
(　　)3.What does the underlined word “rapport” mean in the third paragraph
A.A good greeting.
B.A great atmosphere.
C.A good goodbye.
D.A close relationship.
(　　)4.What is the author’s purpose in the last paragraph
A.To encourage readers to be more virtuous.
B.To encourage readers to live a purposeful life.
C.To encourage readers to offer others guidance.
D.To encourage readers to develop others’ potential.
B
In 2015,Professor Wang Zhenyi,who specialises in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)(急性早幼粒细胞白血病),received a letter of thanks from America.The writer of the letter was Mrs Bernadette Giandomenico,who once suffered from APL but was cured with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)(全反式维甲酸),a treatment developed by Wang and his medical team.
Working at Ruijin Hospital,Wang has been devoting his life to the treatment of leukemia.He received the country’s highest honour in science and technology in 2010.
Born in 1924 in Shanghai,Wang was inspired by a family friend’s experience of pursuing a career in medicine as a child.His grandmother’s death caused by typhoid (伤寒) further strengthened his resolve to fight against diseases and rescue patients.With outstanding academic performance,Wang became a doctor at Guangci Hospital,today’s Ruijin Hospital.
In 1978,a research paper from foreign experts gave Wang inspiration on studying how leukemia cells could become normal.His research didn’t progress as expected,though.In 1983,another research paper shed light on his study.As the paper suggested,after being treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid,white blood cells in patients with APL could become normal.Considering the difficulties and high cost of producing a drug made from 13-cis-retinoic acid,Wang’s team decided to replace that ingredient with ATRA,and they verified its positive effect after several months’ experiments.In 1986,the drug was first adopted in treating a five-year-old patient.It turned out successful.After eight years of research,Wang’s team eventually made the first breakthrough in the battle against APL.
To make sure every APL patient could afford the medicine,Wang has not patented (获取专利权) his research result to date.“One cannot be a real doctor if one does not have expertise in medicine,” Wang said in an interview.“However,without a kind heart,a skilled doctor may cause harm to patients.”
Having worked in the field of hematopathology (血液病理学) for over 70 years,Wang has been well recognised for his remarkable contribution to saving lives.
(　　)5.Why did Mrs Giandomenico write a letter to Professor Wang
A.To express her thanks.
B.To ask for medical suggestions.
C.To share her battle against APL.
D.To update information about APL treatment.
(　　)6.What increased Wang’s determination to become a doctor
A.His grandmother’s death.
B.The example of a family friend.
C.His great academic achievements.
D.The inspiration from foreign experts.
(　　)7.What does the underlined word “verified” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Denied.
B.Researched.
C.Predicted.
D.Confirmed.
(　　)8.What is the best title for the text
A.The Application of ATRA
B.A Doctor with a Kind Heart
C.The Chinese Cure for APL Patients
D.The Remarkable Honours a Lifesaver Got
C
Many people avoid apologising because admitting to wrongdoing makes them uncomfortable.“We like to view ourselves as good people as kind and considerate,”says Ryan Fehr,a professor at the University of Washington.“Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we don’t always live up to our own standards.We might also fear that others won’t accept our apology,further damaging our positive sense of self.For these reasons,an apology can be very difficult to give.”
For many,apologising is stressful,awkward and uncomfortable.But a heartfelt apology has positive effects.It can improve your mental health,repair damaged relationships and promote self-esteem. “Apologies act as a signal of one’s moral character,” Fehr says.
Researchers at Ohio State University have determined that effective apologies have five elements:expressing regret,explaining what went wrong,acknowledging responsibility,offering to repair the situation and requesting forgiveness.All five aren’t necessary every time.“The more of those elements are included,the more likely the apology is seen as convincing,”says Roy Lewicki,the lead study author.“Acknowledgement of responsibility turns out to be the most important piece,followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.”
“Sometimes,an immediate apology is called for,” says Antony Manstead,a psychology professor at Cardiff University.“But if one is angry at your wrongdoing,it may be more effective to wait,because his or her anger may stop him or her accepting an apology.Some research suggests that a delay increases an apology’s effectiveness because it conveys that the wrongdoer has had time to reflect on his or her misdeeds,”says Mara Olekalns,a professor of management at Melbourne Business School.“The best time to apologise is when one feels ready to sincerely apologise,”says Etienne Mullet,research director of the Ethics and Work Laboratory at the Institute of Advanced Studies.“There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies.”
(　　)9.Why do many people feel uncomfortable to apologise
A.Because they are kind and considerate people.
B.Because they are afraid of losing face.
C.Because they believe themselves right.
D.Because they have high moral standards.
(　　)10.What is the most important when it comes to making an effective apology
A.To express regret.
B.To express what went wrong.
C.To accept responsibility.
D.To request forgiveness.
(　　)11.What can be inferred about an apology from the last paragraph
A.The sooner,the better.
B.The later,the better.
C.The more often,the better.
D.The more genuine,the better.
(　　)12.What is the passage mainly about
A.How you can make an effective apology.
B.Why people avoid apologising.
C.What benefits you can get from an apology.
D.When you can make a heartfelt apology.
Ⅱ.七选五
Forgiveness is often considered as an important decision to let go of feelings of anger towards someone who you believe has wronged you.However,while you may be quite generous in your ability to forgive others,you can be much harder on yourself.1.　　　.
Accept the result of your actions
Forgiving yourself is about more than just putting the past behind you and moving on.
2.　　　.Facing what you have done or what has happened is the first step towards self-forgiveness.It’s also the hardest step.If you have been making excuses in order to make them seem acceptable,it is time to accept what you have done.
Treat yourself with kindness and compassion (同情)
Forgiving yourself requires facing your actions,but it is important to reach this with self-compassion.3.　　　.Try to be compassionate instead of being self-critical (自我批评的).
4.　　
Making a correction is an important part of forgiveness,even when the person you are forgiving is yourself.One way to move past your regret is to take action to correct your mistakes.
Learn from the experience
Forgiving yourself often requires finding a way to learn from the experience and make an active effort to do better in the future.To do this,you need to understand why you behave the way you did and why you feel sorry.What steps can you take to prevent the same behaviours again in the future 5.　　　,rather than feel sorry about those past mistakes.
A. Make a correction
B.Be aware of others’ feelings
C.It is about accepting what has happened
D.The following steps may help you learn how to forgive yourself
E.You need to tell yourself that thoughts are not facts
F.Remind yourself of what you learnt to guide your actions going forward
G.The key is to treat yourself with the same kindness you show to another person
Ⅲ.语法填空
My husband and I were watering 1.　　　　 (flower) in the yard when we saw an old man 2.　　　　 (pass) by.He stopped to talk with us.He asked us to guess his age and I thought he was 75 years old.However,that was 3.　　　　 (obvious) wrong.He was actually 94! He said he couldn’t find people to talk to.I invited him to sit on our bench.I asked him 4.　　　　 the secret to his longevity(长寿) was.He told me that he had been a rich lawyer before retiring but he wanted a 5.　　　　 (peace) mind.Then someone advised him that he should try to help others to have peace of mind.
Then,the new friend made a 6.　　　　 (contribute) to charity.He gave away all his pension (退休金).He said he lived with his son and didn’t need the money.He enjoyed 7.　　　 　 (talk)and accepted my offer of some desserts(甜点).After a few minutes,the desserts for his son
8.　　　　 (pack) too and he gave me a silk scarf as 9.　　　　 gift.I am grateful for this chance,which makes me know that if you want peace of mind,do be helpful to others.This chance also reminds me 10.　　　　 a precious idea:To practise peace!

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