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素养测练(七)　UNIT 4　Part 1
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The spaceship was successfully 　　　　 (发射) into orbit.
2.Humans have a 　　　　 (渴望) to explore the universe.
3.　　 　　 (信号) from space are being studied by scientists.
4.The 　　 　　 (交通工具) are designed for space travel.
5.The 　　　 　 (巨大的) planet appears in the distance.
6.The 　　　　 (当前的) technology is not sufficient for long-term space travel.
7.　　　　 (智能的) robots can assist in space exploration.
8.It was the first time that she had lived 　　　　 (独立地).
9.　　　　 (思想的) preparation is important for space missions.
10.If you follow the proper 　　　　 (步骤),you can create super articles.
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.The six 　　　　 (astronaut) on board will spend ten days in space.
2.Students should do something to make themselves 　　　　(mental) strong.
3.She is not only 　　　　(intelligence) but also has a gift for music.
4.Amazed at how skillful they were,I was 　　　　(determine) to be just as good.
5.His performance was a big 　　　　(disappoint) to us.
6.Driven by a burning desire 　　　　 adventure and travel,she left home and started to travel around in her early twenties.
7.Are you quite 　　　　(independence) of your parents now
8.He came to the big city in the hope 　　　　 finding a good job.
9.The bell 　　　　(signal) that school was over.
10.It is 　　　　(universal) acknowledged that smoking is bad for health.
11.Among modern 　　　　(vehicle),bicycles are the closest to people’s life.
12.　　　　 (recycle) also helps control environmental pollution.
13.I think this book is completely 　　　　(lack) in originality.
14.The building is 　　　　 (current) being used as a library.
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.那时,尽管困难重重,宇航员还是继续执行太空任务。
At that time,the astronaut 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the space mission despite the difficulties.
2.航天局希望能发现新的行星。
The space agency is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 new planets.
3.宇宙飞船正在船上进行科学实验。
The spaceship is carrying out scientific experiments 　 .
4.他将是第一个踏上火星的人。
He will be the first man 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Mars.
5.宇航员决心成功地完成任务。
The astronaut 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the mission successfully.
6.令他非常失望的是,太空任务不得不因技术问题而中止。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the space mission had to be stopped due to technical problems.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In the summer of 1969,six-year-old Mike Massimino watched wide-eyed on the television as Neil Armstrong took the first step on the moon.He immediately made his mum turn his elephant school play costume into that of an astronaut for Halloween.
As a child attracted by the universe,he dreamt of becoming an astronaut.But his wish caught up with him when he realised he didn’t have the ideal skillset to make it as an astronaut:He was afraid of heights,had poor eyesight and couldn’t swim.
Given all of Massimino’s difficulty in qualifying as an astronaut,he worked for a different career.However,when the Challenger exploded,Massimino decided he wouldn’t wait any longer to realise his dream.
NASA’s elite programme of astronauts introduces a new class every couple of years.If you don’t make it,you won’t be considered again until the next round.Massimino first applied to the programme in the 1980s.Eight months later,he received his rejection letter in the mail.
Unsurprised,he began carrying out space research,working towards his PhD in engineering at MIT.He applied again two years later for the 1992 astronaut class.He got rejected again.Years later,for the class of 1995,Massimino’s application turned out unsuccessful.The interview was as tough as one would imagine.
Massimino failed because of something he could not change—not having 20/20 vision.He didn’t stop there.After extensive research,he had vision training for nearly a year,having taken advice from others in the space science field,and helping his eyes focus more clearly on objects in front of him.
Sending out his fourth application to NASA like a shot in the dark with a note from his eye doctor on his improvements,Massimino got a call.They would let him retake his eye test.He passed.
“Making a decision to give up on my dream after coming so close was unthinkable,” he said.“One in a million is not zero.I knew that if I gave up,I would always wonder what would have happened.”
(　　)1.What impressed Massimino at the age of six
A.The invention of television.
B.A school play in Halloween.
C.Armstrong’s moonwalk.
D.The explosion of the Challenger.
(　　)2.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A.NASA’s programme of astronauts.
B.Massimino’s working experience at MIT.
C.NASA’s interview process.
D.Massimino’s three unsuccessful
applications.
(　　)3.How did Massimino improve his eyesight
A.By receiving vision training.
B.By having an eye operation.
C.By focusing his eyes on big objects.
D.By following his parents’ advice.
(　　)4.Which of the following can best describe Massimino
A.Clever.
B.Determined.
C.Thoughtful.
D.Generous.
B
The development of China’s space programme was first suggested in 1956 by the father of Chinese rocket science,Qian Xuesen(19112009).As a result of a lot of preparation and planning,the Shenzhou crewed programme began in 1992,and the first Chinese astronaut,Yang Liwei,entered space in 2003.Chang’e 1,a lunar orbiter was launched in 2007,while Tiangong 1,an experimental crewed space station was launched in 2011.
In 2019,Chang’e 4 made a soft landing on the far side of the moon.It was mankind’s first successful soft landing on the far side of the moon.A “soft” landing is one where the spacecraft lands in a controlled way,and gets no damage.Several hours later,the small Yutu 2 rover was released.To understand why Chang’e 4’s soft landing was such an achievement,
consider the difficulty of any space mission,especially one to the far side of the moon.While the far side of the moon is often called the dark side of the moon,it is not really dark.
The main problem with landing on the far side of the moon is communication.There is no clear line of sight between the far side of the moon and Earth.This normally makes radio communication with spacecraft on the far side of the moon impossible.Chinese engineers came up with a unique solution.Before Chang’e 4’s mission,they sent Queqiao communications satellite into space.When engineers needed to communicate with Chang’e 4 and Yutu 2,they could send radio messages to Queqiao.The messages would then be sent from the satellite down to the lander and rover.This allowed contact between Earth and the far side of the moon.
One of the experiments of Chang’e 4’s mission was designed to test a closed ecological(生态的) system that could be extremely important for long-term space missions:
The plants produce food and oxygen for the fruit flies,while the fruit flies produce carbon dioxide for the plants.This experiment worked for nine days,but it had to be stopped when the temperatures dropped below -52℃.
(　　)5.What can we know according to the passage
A.The first Chinese astronaut,Yang Liwei,entered space in 2007.
B.Qian Xuesen is considered the father of the Chinese space programme.
C.The development of space programme in China started in ancient times.
D.The Chinese space programme has been advancing with preparation and planning.
(　　)6.Why was Chang’e 4’s landing on the moon such an achievement
A.Because Chang’e 4 landed on the moon successfully.
B.Because Chang’e 4 made a soft landing on the dark side of the moon.
C.Because man had never landed on the moon with the difficulty of space mission.
D.Because it was the first time that humans had landed on the moon without any damage.
(　　)7.Why was the ecological experiment of Chang’e 4 stopped
A.Because it got too dark to continue.
B.Because the lander no longer had power.
C.Because it got too cold for the experiment to work.
D.Because there was not enough oxygen on the moon.
(　　)8.Where is this passage probably from
A.A story book. 　　 B.A textbook.
C.A science fiction. 　　D.A magazine.
C
Astronauts travelling in space meet forms of radiation (辐射) that are uncommon on Earth.Some of this radiation has been shown to be harmful to human health.It is linked to cancers and heart problems.Yet a study suggests the radiation does not shorten astronauts’ lives.
Researchers studied nearly 60 years of health records and other data about male astronauts from the United States.They then compared this data with information about a group of men who are in good health,richer than most Americans and receive good health care—professional athletes.The study found that neither group has higher rates of dying at a young age.In fact,both groups generally live longer than other Americans.
Astronauts are usually well-educated,earn more money and are in better physical conditions than the average Americans.The earlier research has linked being an astronaut to a lower risk of early death,the researchers noted.The findings were reported in a medical journal.
Much of the existing research on mortality rates (死亡率) in astronauts has not yet explored the mental and physical demands of this job.There also has not been a lot of research on whether astronauts show what is known as the “healthy worker effect”.This effect leads people with employment of any kind to have fewer medical problems than people who are unable to work,said Robert Reynolds.
Reynolds said,“The challenge has always been to understand if astronauts are as healthy as they would be if they had never gone to space at all.To do this,we need to find a group that is comparable on several important factors.” Considering the similar physical requirements,a group of athletes are selected.
As the result suggests,being exposed to radiation doesn’t lead to an early death for astronauts.
(　　)9.How did researchers carry out their study
A.By doing interviews.
B.By analysing some factors.
C.By comparing different data.
D.By doing experiments in the lab.
(　　)10.What can we learn from the text
A.All radiation is harmful to human health.
B.Athletes tend to be poorer than most Americans.
C.Healthy worker effect makes working people healthier.
D.Research has explored the mental and physical demands of being astronauts.
(　　)11.Why are athletes chosen as a comparative group in the study
A.Because they work in different fields.
B.Because they both need to be healthy enough.
C.Because they receive the same diets and exercise.
D.Because they suffer from the same health problems.
(　　)12.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Astronauts—Healthy or Otherwise
B.Astronauts Are as Healthy as Athletes
C.Radiation Affects Astronauts’ Health
D.Astronauts—Well-Educated and
Well-Paid
Ⅱ.七选五
The age of space exploration started on 12 April 1961,when the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space.But why do we go to environments that are dangerous and even deadly to humans The answer is simple.1.　 　　 In this article,we’ll read the major four benefits of space exploration.
Promote the progress of medicine
2.　 　　 For example,analysing the effects of zero-gravity (零重力) on blood flow led to many discoveries on how to prevent some heart illnesses.The experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases.
Develop new technologies
The space race has birthed the most technological advancements in the shortest period of time.3.　　　 For example,the running shoes were originally developed for astronauts.We use them in our day-to-day lives without even knowing that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo programme that took humankind to the moon.
Start space tourism
The biggest dream some of us have is being able to take a trip to outer space.However,it is still too expensive to go to space.As reusable rockets improve,the costs of these trips will become significantly lower.4.　　
Inspire the next generation
Space exploration stimulates the curiosity of children.5.　　　 Not only is this good for them as STEM (Science,Technology,Engineering and Mathematics) jobs can secure them a comfortable future,but it also helps humans.
A.Technologies have advanced considerably.
B.It gets students interested in science and technology.
C.Hopefully one day they’ll be within the reach for all of us.
D.These include stepping up cooperation in space exploration.
E.The benefits of space exploration go beyond the dangers of it.
F.Studying the effects of space travel can lead to some medical benefits.
G.Throughout the years,companies have found consumer uses for many of these developments.
Ⅲ.语法填空
The year 2023 marks 1.　　 　　 20th anniversary of China’s first manned space mission that sent astronaut Yang Liwei on a roughly 21-hour journey around Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.As one of the 2.　　 　　 (nation) in the world able to independently finish manned space missions,China 3.　　 　　 (carry) out a dozen manned flights since then.
A special committee was formed in August 1992 and it 4.　　　　 (decide) that China would use manned spacecraft to build a space station in the coming years.The plan was passed in September that year,5.　　　　 (mark) the first official manned space programme of the nation.6.　　　　 (achieve) the goal,scientists made specific plans and took practical steps,advancing slowly from multi-day flights 7.　　　　 month-long missions.Thanks to years of efforts,we are proud that our country completed the Tiangong space station in 2022.Orbiting Earth about 400 kilometres above the ground,Tiangong has both a core module 8.　　　　 two science facilities,which is 9.　　　 　 (regular) connected to several visiting spaceships.
Chinese researchers are designing a new-generation manned spacecraft,10.　　 　　 will be significant in the nation’s first manned exploration to the moon around 2030. 素养测练(七)　UNIT 4　Part 1
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The spaceship was successfully 　　　　 (发射) into orbit.
2.Humans have a 　　　　 (渴望) to explore the universe.
3.　　 　　 (信号) from space are being studied by scientists.
4.The 　　 　　 (交通工具) are designed for space travel.
5.The 　　　 　 (巨大的) planet appears in the distance.
6.The 　　　　 (当前的) technology is not sufficient for long-term space travel.
7.　　　　 (智能的) robots can assist in space exploration.
8.It was the first time that she had lived 　　　　 (独立地).
9.　　　　 (思想的) preparation is important for space missions.
10.If you follow the proper 　　　　 (步骤),you can create super articles.
答案:1.launched　2.desire　3.Signals　4.vehicles
5.giant　6.current　7.Intelligent　8.independently
9.Mental　10.procedures
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.The six 　　　　 (astronaut) on board will spend ten days in space.
2.Students should do something to make themselves 　　　　(mental) strong.
3.She is not only 　　　　(intelligence) but also has a gift for music.
4.Amazed at how skillful they were,I was 　　　　(determine) to be just as good.
5.His performance was a big 　　　　(disappoint) to us.
6.Driven by a burning desire 　　　　 adventure and travel,she left home and started to travel around in her early twenties.
7.Are you quite 　　　　(independence) of your parents now
8.He came to the big city in the hope 　　　　 finding a good job.
9.The bell 　　　　(signal) that school was over.
10.It is 　　　　(universal) acknowledged that smoking is bad for health.
11.Among modern 　　　　(vehicle),bicycles are the closest to people’s life.
12.　　　　 (recycle) also helps control environmental pollution.
13.I think this book is completely 　　　　(lack) in originality.
14.The building is 　　　　 (current) being used as a library.
答案:1.astronauts　2.mentally　3.intelligent
4.determined　5.disappointment　6.for　7.independent　8.of　9.signalled
10.universally　11.vehicles　12.Recycling　13.lacking　14.currently
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.那时,尽管困难重重,宇航员还是继续执行太空任务。
At that time,the astronaut 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the space mission despite the difficulties.
2.航天局希望能发现新的行星。
The space agency is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 new planets.
3.宇宙飞船正在船上进行科学实验。
The spaceship is carrying out scientific experiments 　 .
4.他将是第一个踏上火星的人。
He will be the first man 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Mars.
5.宇航员决心成功地完成任务。
The astronaut 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the mission successfully.
6.令他非常失望的是,太空任务不得不因技术问题而中止。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the space mission had to be stopped due to technical problems.
答案:1.carried on with　2.in the hope of discovering
3.on board　4.to set foot on　5.is/was determined to complete　6.Much to his
disappointment
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In the summer of 1969,six-year-old Mike Massimino watched wide-eyed on the television as Neil Armstrong took the first step on the moon.He immediately made his mum turn his elephant school play costume into that of an astronaut for Halloween.
As a child attracted by the universe,he dreamt of becoming an astronaut.But his wish caught up with him when he realised he didn’t have the ideal skillset to make it as an astronaut:He was afraid of heights,had poor eyesight and couldn’t swim.
Given all of Massimino’s difficulty in qualifying as an astronaut,he worked for a different career.However,when the Challenger exploded,Massimino decided he wouldn’t wait any longer to realise his dream.
NASA’s elite programme of astronauts introduces a new class every couple of years.If you don’t make it,you won’t be considered again until the next round.Massimino first applied to the programme in the 1980s.Eight months later,he received his rejection letter in the mail.
Unsurprised,he began carrying out space research,working towards his PhD in engineering at MIT.He applied again two years later for the 1992 astronaut class.He got rejected again.Years later,for the class of 1995,Massimino’s application turned out unsuccessful.The interview was as tough as one would imagine.
Massimino failed because of something he could not change—not having 20/20 vision.He didn’t stop there.After extensive research,he had vision training for nearly a year,having taken advice from others in the space science field,and helping his eyes focus more clearly on objects in front of him.
Sending out his fourth application to NASA like a shot in the dark with a note from his eye doctor on his improvements,Massimino got a call.They would let him retake his eye test.He passed.
“Making a decision to give up on my dream after coming so close was unthinkable,” he said.“One in a million is not zero.I knew that if I gave up,I would always wonder what would have happened.”
(　　)1.What impressed Massimino at the age of six
A.The invention of television.
B.A school play in Halloween.
C.Armstrong’s moonwalk.
D.The explosion of the Challenger.
(　　)2.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A.NASA’s programme of astronauts.
B.Massimino’s working experience at MIT.
C.NASA’s interview process.
D.Massimino’s three unsuccessful
applications.
(　　)3.How did Massimino improve his eyesight
A.By receiving vision training.
B.By having an eye operation.
C.By focusing his eyes on big objects.
D.By following his parents’ advice.
(　　)4.Which of the following can best describe Massimino
A.Clever.
B.Determined.
C.Thoughtful.
D.Generous.
语篇导读:本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Mike Massimino六岁时在电视上看到尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登月,从此有了成为宇航员的梦想。由于视力问题,他三次申请成为宇航员都没有成功,但是他并没有气馁。经过专业的视力训练,他终于通过了视力测试。
答案及剖析:
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,六岁时,Mike Massimino就对宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在月球上迈出的第一步印象深刻。故选C。
2.D　段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知,本段主要讲述了Massimino三次申请成为宇航员失败的经历。故选D。
3.A　细节理解题。根据第五段的最后一句可知,Massimino进行了近一年的视力训练,从而改善了自己的视力。故选A。
4.B　推理判断题。通读全文可知,Massimino决心成为宇航员,由于视力不合格,他三次申请成为宇航员都没有成功,但是他决定不放弃,通过努力终于离自己的梦想又进了一步。由此可推知,Massimino是一个意志坚定的人。故选B。
B
The development of China’s space programme was first suggested in 1956 by the father of Chinese rocket science,Qian Xuesen(19112009).As a result of a lot of preparation and planning,the Shenzhou crewed programme began in 1992,and the first Chinese astronaut,Yang Liwei,entered space in 2003.Chang’e 1,a lunar orbiter was launched in 2007,while Tiangong 1,an experimental crewed space station was launched in 2011.
In 2019,Chang’e 4 made a soft landing on the far side of the moon.It was mankind’s first successful soft landing on the far side of the moon.A “soft” landing is one where the spacecraft lands in a controlled way,and gets no damage.Several hours later,the small Yutu 2 rover was released.To understand why Chang’e 4’s soft landing was such an achievement,
consider the difficulty of any space mission,especially one to the far side of the moon.While the far side of the moon is often called the dark side of the moon,it is not really dark.
The main problem with landing on the far side of the moon is communication.There is no clear line of sight between the far side of the moon and Earth.This normally makes radio communication with spacecraft on the far side of the moon impossible.Chinese engineers came up with a unique solution.Before Chang’e 4’s mission,they sent Queqiao communications satellite into space.When engineers needed to communicate with Chang’e 4 and Yutu 2,they could send radio messages to Queqiao.The messages would then be sent from the satellite down to the lander and rover.This allowed contact between Earth and the far side of the moon.
One of the experiments of Chang’e 4’s mission was designed to test a closed ecological(生态的) system that could be extremely important for long-term space missions:
The plants produce food and oxygen for the fruit flies,while the fruit flies produce carbon dioxide for the plants.This experiment worked for nine days,but it had to be stopped when the temperatures dropped below -52℃.
(　　)5.What can we know according to the passage
A.The first Chinese astronaut,Yang Liwei,entered space in 2007.
B.Qian Xuesen is considered the father of the Chinese space programme.
C.The development of space programme in China started in ancient times.
D.The Chinese space programme has been advancing with preparation and planning.
(　　)6.Why was Chang’e 4’s landing on the moon such an achievement
A.Because Chang’e 4 landed on the moon successfully.
B.Because Chang’e 4 made a soft landing on the dark side of the moon.
C.Because man had never landed on the moon with the difficulty of space mission.
D.Because it was the first time that humans had landed on the moon without any damage.
(　　)7.Why was the ecological experiment of Chang’e 4 stopped
A.Because it got too dark to continue.
B.Because the lander no longer had power.
C.Because it got too cold for the experiment to work.
D.Because there was not enough oxygen on the moon.
(　　)8.Where is this passage probably from
A.A story book. 　　 B.A textbook.
C.A science fiction. 　　D.A magazine.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。中国的“嫦娥四号”首次成功在月球背面软着陆,文章主要介绍了其意义及中国工程师是如何解决地月通信问题的。
答案及剖析:
5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后两句可知,基于充分的准备和规划,中国的太空计划一直在进步。故选D。
6.B　细节理解题。根据第二段的前两句及倒数第二句可知,嫦娥四号在月球的着陆是一个很大的成就,这是因为前往月球背面的任务难度极大,而嫦娥四号在月球背面实现了软着陆。故选B。
7.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知,嫦娥四号停止生态实验是因为月球温度太低,无法继续。故选C。
8.D　推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是第二段的前两句可知,文章主要介绍了嫦娥四号在月球背面实现软着陆的意义及中国工程师是如何解决地月通信问题的。由此推知,本文可能出自一本杂志。故选D。
C
Astronauts travelling in space meet forms of radiation (辐射) that are uncommon on Earth.Some of this radiation has been shown to be harmful to human health.It is linked to cancers and heart problems.Yet a study suggests the radiation does not shorten astronauts’ lives.
Researchers studied nearly 60 years of health records and other data about male astronauts from the United States.They then compared this data with information about a group of men who are in good health,richer than most Americans and receive good health care—professional athletes.The study found that neither group has higher rates of dying at a young age.In fact,both groups generally live longer than other Americans.
Astronauts are usually well-educated,earn more money and are in better physical conditions than the average Americans.The earlier research has linked being an astronaut to a lower risk of early death,the researchers noted.The findings were reported in a medical journal.
Much of the existing research on mortality rates (死亡率) in astronauts has not yet explored the mental and physical demands of this job.There also has not been a lot of research on whether astronauts show what is known as the “healthy worker effect”.This effect leads people with employment of any kind to have fewer medical problems than people who are unable to work,said Robert Reynolds.
Reynolds said,“The challenge has always been to understand if astronauts are as healthy as they would be if they had never gone to space at all.To do this,we need to find a group that is comparable on several important factors.” Considering the similar physical requirements,a group of athletes are selected.
As the result suggests,being exposed to radiation doesn’t lead to an early death for astronauts.
(　　)9.How did researchers carry out their study
A.By doing interviews.
B.By analysing some factors.
C.By comparing different data.
D.By doing experiments in the lab.
(　　)10.What can we learn from the text
A.All radiation is harmful to human health.
B.Athletes tend to be poorer than most Americans.
C.Healthy worker effect makes working people healthier.
D.Research has explored the mental and physical demands of being astronauts.
(　　)11.Why are athletes chosen as a comparative group in the study
A.Because they work in different fields.
B.Because they both need to be healthy enough.
C.Because they receive the same diets and exercise.
D.Because they suffer from the same health problems.
(　　)12.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Astronauts—Healthy or Otherwise
B.Astronauts Are as Healthy as Athletes
C.Radiation Affects Astronauts’ Health
D.Astronauts—Well-Educated and
Well-Paid
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现——宇航员在太空中工作时,辐射不会缩短他们的寿命。
答案及剖析:
9.C　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一、第二句可知,该实验是通过比较不同的数据进行的。故选C。
10.C　细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句可知,健康的工人效应使得劳动的人们更健康。故选C。
11.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知,运动员和宇航员对体能都有一定的要求,所以选择运动员作为参照对象。故选B。
12.A　标题归纳题。根据第一段的最后一句以及最后一段内容可知,一项研究表明,太空中的辐射不会缩短宇航员的寿命,结合下文中对该研究的分析可知,本文主要讨论的是宇航员的健康状况如何,所以A项符合本文的主题,且具有概括性,适合作本文的标题。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
The age of space exploration started on 12 April 1961,when the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space.But why do we go to environments that are dangerous and even deadly to humans The answer is simple.1.　 　　 In this article,we’ll read the major four benefits of space exploration.
Promote the progress of medicine
2.　 　　 For example,analysing the effects of zero-gravity (零重力) on blood flow led to many discoveries on how to prevent some heart illnesses.The experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases.
Develop new technologies
The space race has birthed the most technological advancements in the shortest period of time.3.　　　 For example,the running shoes were originally developed for astronauts.We use them in our day-to-day lives without even knowing that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo programme that took humankind to the moon.
Start space tourism
The biggest dream some of us have is being able to take a trip to outer space.However,it is still too expensive to go to space.As reusable rockets improve,the costs of these trips will become significantly lower.4.　　
Inspire the next generation
Space exploration stimulates the curiosity of children.5.　　　 Not only is this good for them as STEM (Science,Technology,Engineering and Mathematics) jobs can secure them a comfortable future,but it also helps humans.
A.Technologies have advanced considerably.
B.It gets students interested in science and technology.
C.Hopefully one day they’ll be within the reach for all of us.
D.These include stepping up cooperation in space exploration.
E.The benefits of space exploration go beyond the dangers of it.
F.Studying the effects of space travel can lead to some medical benefits.
G.Throughout the years,companies have found consumer uses for many of these developments.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索的四大好处。
答案及剖析:
1.E　设空处上文是在提出问题,而设空处后一句是在回答这个问题,由此可知,设空处应该解释为什么我们要去对人类来说危险甚至致命的环境。E项解释了为什么我们要去探索太空,承上启下,符合语境。故选E。
2.F　根据本段小标题“Promote the progress of medicine”可知,本段是在讲太空探索对医学的影响。F项说明了太空探索能带来一些医疗好处,符合本段语境。故选F。
3.G　根据设空处后的“For example,the running shoes...that took humankind to the moon.”可知,此处说明的是原本为宇航员开发的技术也应用到了普通人的生活中。G项说明了一些公司认识到探索太空所带来的技术可应用于消费者市场,承接上文,符合语境。故选G。
4.C　根据设空处前一句可知,太空旅行的成本大大降低了,设空处应该说明这会带来什么好处。C项说明很有可能将来我们所有人都可以进行太空旅行,是太空旅行成本降低带来的好处,承接上文,符合语境。故选C。
5.B　根据设空处前一句可知,此处是在讲太空探索对孩子们的影响。B项说明太空探索激发了学生们的好奇心,使他们对科学技术感兴趣,承接上文,符合语境。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The year 2023 marks 1.　　 　　 20th anniversary of China’s first manned space mission that sent astronaut Yang Liwei on a roughly 21-hour journey around Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.As one of the 2.　　 　　 (nation) in the world able to independently finish manned space missions,China 3.　　 　　 (carry) out a dozen manned flights since then.
A special committee was formed in August 1992 and it 4.　　　　 (decide) that China would use manned spacecraft to build a space station in the coming years.The plan was passed in September that year,5.　　　　 (mark) the first official manned space programme of the nation.6.　　　　 (achieve) the goal,scientists made specific plans and took practical steps,advancing slowly from multi-day flights 7.　　　　 month-long missions.Thanks to years of efforts,we are proud that our country completed the Tiangong space station in 2022.Orbiting Earth about 400 kilometres above the ground,Tiangong has both a core module 8.　　　　 two science facilities,which is 9.　　　 　 (regular) connected to several visiting spaceships.
Chinese researchers are designing a new-generation manned spacecraft,10.　　 　　 will be significant in the nation’s first manned exploration to the moon around 2030.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了中国首次载人航天任务完成的经过及未来的
发展。
答案及剖析:
1.the　考查冠词。分析句子结构和句意可知,设空处应填冠词,修饰名词短语20th anniversary;此处特指中国首次载人航天任务的20周年纪念,故用定冠词。故填the。
2.nations　考查名词复数。根据one of可知,设空处应为名词复数,作宾语;nation表示“国家”,为可数名词。故填nations。
3.has carried　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处应为谓语动词。根据时间状语since then可知,应用现在完成时;主语是China,谓语动词用单数。故填has carried。
4.decided　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处应为谓语动词。根据时间状语in August 1992可知,应用一般过去时;主语it指代A special committee,与decide之间为主动关系。故填decided。
5.marking　考查非谓语动词。根据句中谓语was passed可知,设空处应为非谓语动词,且设空处与The plan之间为主动关系,作伴随状语,应用现在分词形式。故填marking。
6.To achieve　考查动词不定式。根据句中谓语动词made可知,设空处应为非谓语动词,与scientists之间为主动关系,作目的状语,应用动词不定式;位于句首,首字母大写。故填To achieve。
7.to　考查介词。分析句子结构可知,设空处应填介词,介词短语“from...to...”表示“从……到……”,符合句意。故填to。
8.and　考查并列连词。固定短语“both...and...”表示“两者都;既……又……”,结合句中both和句意可知,应用并列连词and。故填and。
9.regularly　考查副词。分析句子结构可知,设空处应填副词修饰动词connected,作状语。故填regularly。
10.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰主句,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。

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