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It作形式主语和形式宾语的用法
It作形式主语
it 作为形式主语，所代替的是句子的逻辑主语，并无实际词义。这可以保持句子的结构平衡，避免主语太长，显得头重脚轻。
it作形式主语的三种情况
一、不定式短语作真正的主语，常用于下列句型中：
1.It ＋ be ＋形容词 ＋ (for/of sb.) to do sth.
注意：在“It＋be＋形容词＋for/of sb.to do sth.”句型中，如果形容词描述的是sb.，则应用介词of（It is kind/brave/honest/foolish of sb to do sth.）；如果描述的是to do sth.就用for。
→It is difficult to translate the book.
2.It ＋ be ＋ 名词 ＋ to do sth.
→It was her duty to clean the room.
3.在“It is/was＋介词短语＋to do sth.”句型中，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。
→It was against my principle to do that.那样做违反了我的原则。
4.在“It＋及物动词＋宾语＋to do sth.”句型中，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。
→It cost me 300 yuan to buy this dress.
二． ing短语作真正主语的情况远不及不定式短语那么普遍，
1.It's no use/no good/no fun/useless/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/没有好处/没有乐趣/没有用/浪费时间。
→It is no use doing that.
2.以“be + 形容词”作谓语。
→It is pleasant sitting here.
三、用it作形式主语，主语从句作真正主语的常见句型有：
1．It is a pity/ a shame/ a fact/ an honour/ good news/ no wonder/ a wonder... that...
2．It is ＋ 形容词(如strange/ natural/ surprising/ obvious/ true/ fortunate/ wonderful/ funny/ possible/ impossible/ likely/ unlikely/ clear/ unusual/ certain/ important...)＋that...
3．It seems/ happened/ turned out/ suddenly struck me/ occurred to me...that ...（似乎/碰巧/结果是/某人突然想起...
4．It ＋ be ＋ 过去分词(如：said/ reported/ announced/ decided/ expected/ hoped/ known/ believed...)＋that...
注意：It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/proposed ... that ... 的主语从句中用虚拟语气：(should)＋动词原形。
5. It doesn't matter + that/what/where/whether/...
→It doesn't matter whether he comes or not.他来还是不来都没关系。
It作形式宾语
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为了保持句子的结构平衡，常用it作为形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到句子后部去。
一.常见的及物动词有believe/feel/find/make/regard/ consider/think/suppose/ 等。
→I consider it a priority to maintain a healthy work-life balance.
→He found it no use arguing with his father.
→We regard it a pleasure that we work with a team of talented people.
二.特殊情况
1. 动词 + it + that从句，常见于take, have, put等动词之后。
→I take it that he will finish the task by himself.
2. 动词 + it + when / if从句，常见于appreciate, enjoy, like, prefer, hate, dislike, love等动词之后。
→We really appreciate it if you could do us a favour.
3. 动词 + it + 介词短语 + that从句，常见于owe it to sb(归功于/多亏)， take it for granted(想当然/认为..是真的) leave it to(由...决定/判断) have/bear/keep it in mind (记住) bring it to one’s attention(引起某人注意) put it to sb that... (向某人挑明) 等结构中。
→We owe it to you that we are still alive.
4. 动词 + 介词+ it + that从句，常见于look to, depend on, insist on, stick to, answer for(担保),see to(确保)等结构中。
→She insisted on it that she was innocent.
5. 动词 + it + 过去分词 + 从句
→He made it known to everyone that he was right.
6.Rumor has it that... 谣传…… Legend has it that... 传说……
7.代替 v-ing(短语），用 v-ing(短语）作真正的宾语时，其宾补通常是 no use, no good, a waste, hard work等。
→I think it no good spending too much time watching TV.
练习巩固
1.It suddenly occurred to me ____ I knew how to solve that problem.
2.It is still a mystery ____ caused the accident.
3.It is necessary that one _______________(master) the skills of operating computer.
4.It's a waste of time ________ (warn) him—he is a stubborn person.
We find it essential ______ we should learn to spend money wisely.
We feel it our duty ________(make) our country a better place.
7.I would appreciate ______ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
8.I find it hard ______ me to get on well with my classmates.
9.I think it no use _____ (talk) about it with them.
10.I shall see to it _______ he is taken good care of when you are absent.
11.And you might find _____ relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.
12.The headmaster has made it __________(clearly)that the school meeting will not be put off.
13.I felt it an honour ________________ (invite)to make a speech here.
14.I owe it to you __________ I am still alive.
15.It is no good _______ (make) friends with those who are crazy about playing video games.
16._______ is a great honour for me to work with those famous specialists from all over the world.
17._______ happened that I was in his office when you called him.
18.It took the workers almost three years ________ (build) the station.
19.They took ________ for granted that I would be no good at it .
20.It is uncertain __________ he can come to Jenny’s birthday party.
21.It__________(believe) that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.
22.It __________(know) to us that he is one of the most famous specialists in this
field.
________ is known (to us), the Great Wall is a symbol of China.
It is not up to you _________(tell) me how to do my job.
I find _____ very necessary to have these courses, for they can enrich the school life of each student.
1.that 2.what 3.(should) master 4.warning 5.that 6.to make
7.it 8.for 9.talking 10.that 11.it 12.clear 13.to be invited
14.that 15.making 16.It 17.It 18.to build 19.it 20.whether
21.is believed 22.is known 23.As 24.to tell 25.itIt作形式主语和形式宾语的用法
It作形式主语
it 作为形式主语，所代替的是句子的逻辑主语，并无实际词义。这可以保持句子的结构平衡，避免主语太长，显得头重脚轻。
it作形式主语的三种情况
一、不定式短语作真正的主语，常用于下列句型中：
1.It ＋ be ＋形容词 ＋ (for/of sb.) to do sth.
注意：在“It＋be＋形容词＋for/of sb.to do sth.”句型中，如果形容词描述的是sb.，则应用介词of（It is kind/brave/honest/foolish of sb to do sth.）；如果描述的是to do sth.就用for。
→It is difficult to translate the book.
2.It ＋ be ＋ 名词 ＋ to do sth.
→It was her duty to clean the room.
3.在“It is/was＋介词短语＋to do sth.”句型中，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。
→It was against my principle to do that.那样做违反了我的原则。
4.在“It＋及物动词＋宾语＋to do sth.”句型中，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。
→It cost me 300 yuan to buy this dress.
二． ing短语作真正主语的情况远不及不定式短语那么普遍，
1.It's no use/no good/no fun/useless/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/没有好处/没有乐趣/没有用/浪费时间。
→It is no use doing that.
2.以“be + 形容词”作谓语。
→It is pleasant sitting here.
三、用it作形式主语，主语从句作真正主语的常见句型有：
1．It is a pity/ a shame/ a fact/ an honour/ good news/ no wonder/ a wonder... that...
2．It is ＋ 形容词(如strange/ natural/ surprising/ obvious/ true/ fortunate/ wonderful/ funny/ possible/ impossible/ likely/ unlikely/ clear/ unusual/ certain/ important...)＋that...
3．It seems/ happened/ turned out/ suddenly struck me/ occurred to me...that ...（似乎/碰巧/结果是/某人突然想起...
4．It ＋ be ＋ 过去分词(如：said/ reported/ announced/ decided/ expected/ hoped/ known/ believed...)＋that...
注意：It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/proposed ... that ... 的主语从句中用虚拟语气：(should)＋动词原形。
5. It doesn't matter + that/what/where/whether/...
→It doesn't matter whether he comes or not.他来还是不来都没关系。
It作形式宾语
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为了保持句子的结构平衡，常用it作为形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到句子后部去。
一.常见的及物动词有believe/feel/find/make/regard/ consider/think/suppose/ 等。
→I consider it a priority to maintain a healthy work-life balance.
→He found it no use arguing with his father.
→We regard it a pleasure that we work with a team of talented people.
二.特殊情况
1. 动词 + it + that从句，常见于take, have, put等动词之后。
→I take it that he will finish the task by himself.
2. 动词 + it + when / if从句，常见于appreciate, enjoy, like, prefer, hate, dislike, love等动词之后。
→We really appreciate it if you could do us a favour.
3. 动词 + it + 介词短语 + that从句，常见于owe it to sb(归功于/多亏)， take it for granted(想当然/认为..是真的) leave it to(由...决定/判断) have/bear/keep it in mind (记住) bring it to one’s attention(引起某人注意) put it to sb that... (向某人挑明) 等结构中。
→We owe it to you that we are still alive.
4. 动词 + 介词+ it + that从句，常见于look to, depend on, insist on, stick to, answer for(担保),see to(确保)等结构中。
→She insisted on it that she was innocent.
5. 动词 + it + 过去分词 + 从句
→He made it known to everyone that he was right.
6.Rumor has it that... 谣传…… Legend has it that... 传说……
7.代替 v-ing(短语），用 v-ing(短语）作真正的宾语时，其宾补通常是 no use, no good, a waste, hard work等。
→I think it no good spending too much time watching TV.
练习巩固
1.It suddenly occurred to me ____ I knew how to solve that problem.
2.It is still a mystery ____ caused the accident.
3.It is necessary that one _______________(master) the skills of operating computer.
4.It's a waste of time ________ (warn) him—he is a stubborn person.
5.We find it essential ______ we should learn to spend money wisely.
6.We feel it our duty ________(make) our country a better place.
7.I would appreciate ______ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
8.I find it hard ______ me to get on well with my classmates.
9.I think it no use _____ (talk) about it with them.
10.I shall see to it _______ he is taken good care of when you are absent.
11.And you might find _____ relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.
12.The headmaster has made it __________(clearly)that the school meeting will not be put off.
13.I felt it an honour ________________ (invite)to make a speech here.
14.I owe it to you __________ I am still alive.
15.It is no good _______ (make) friends with those who are crazy about playing video games.
16._______ is a great honour for me to work with those famous specialists from all over the world.
17._______ happened that I was in his office when you called him.
18.It took the workers almost three years ________ (build) the station.
19.They took ________ for granted that I would be no good at it .
20.It is uncertain __________ he can come to Jenny’s birthday party.
21.It__________(believe) that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.
22.It __________(know) to us that he is one of the most famous specialists in this field.
23.________ is known (to us), the Great Wall is a symbol of China.
24.It is not up to you _________(tell) me how to do my job.
25.I find _____ very necessary to have these courses, for they can enrich the school life of each student.

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