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Unit 5Music Part 3 Discovering Useful Structures
过去分词作表语和状语(Past participles as the predicative and the adverbial)
【语法精要点拨】
一、过去分词作表语
1. 意义
过去分词作表语时, 动词与句子的主语往往是被动关系。过去分词位于系动词(如be, get, become, look, feel, seem, remain等)之后, 多表示主语的状态或状况, 它所体现的是形容词的特性。
*He was lost in thought, so he didn’t hear the bell. 由于陷入了沉思之中, 他没有听到铃声。
2. 有些过去分词作表语时, 相当于形容词, 且大部分已转化为形容词, 常见的有: delighted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk, amused, astonished, interested, crowded, tired, satisfied, pleased, surprised等。
*I’m so delighted to learn that you’re coming to my school for a visit and I’d like to express my sincere welcome.
得知你要来我校访问, 我非常高兴, 我要向你表示诚挚的欢迎。
3. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时, 强调主语所处的状态; 而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 强调动作。
*The library is now closed. 图书馆现在关闭了。(状态)
*The glass plate was broken by him. 玻璃板被他打破了。(被动语态)
【名师点津】过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别
(1)过去分词作表语表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态, 常译作“感到……的”。
*She felt exhausted and sat by the stream, resting her aching feet.
她感到筋疲力尽, 坐在小溪边, 休息着疼痛的双脚。
(2)现在分词作表语表示事物具有的特性, 常译作“令人……的”。
*His speech was inspiring and touched my heart.
他的发言鼓舞人心, 让我很受触动。
【即学活用】 单句语法填空/完成句子（-ing、-ed、 -to do）
①He was___________(inspire) by his favorite singer to start singing.
②While waiting for the opportunity to get ___________(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
③I was ___________(disappoint) at the film I saw last night.
④幸福的秘诀是给予，而非索取。The secret of happiness is ___________________.
⑤重要的是发自内心地关怀。What matters is ______________________.
⑥第一步是相信自己。The first step is______________________.
⑦最好的方式是坦诚沟通。The best way is______________________.
⑧我今天的工作是给你们上这节课。My job today is ______________________.
二、过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语的语法意义
过去分词作状语, 修饰谓语动词, 进一步说明谓语动词表示的动作和状态, 即动作发生时的背景或状况。
(1)从语态上讲, 此时的过去分词表示被动意义, 即分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
*Praised by what the teacher said, the student decided to work even harder.
在老师的话的表扬下, 那名学生决定更加努力学习。
(2)从时间上讲, 此时的过去分词表示被动动作的完成。
*Seriously injured, the athlete had to be taken to the hospital.
由于伤势严重, 这个运动员必须被送到医院。
2. 过去分词作状语的句法功能
过去分词作状语, 表示被动或完成的动作, 可以作原因、时间、条件、方式或伴随、让步等状语。
(1)作原因状语
过去分词作原因状语时, 相当于一个as, since, because 等引导的原因状语从句。
*Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
=Because John was absorbed in painting, he didn’t notice evening approaching.
=John was absorbed in painting, so he didn’t notice evening approaching.
由于专心画画, 约翰没有注意到夜幕降临了。
*Seated at the back of the classroom, he couldn’t see the words on the blackboard clearly.
= As he was seated at the back of the classroom, he couldn’t see the words on the blackboard clearly.
(2)作时间状语
过去分词作时间状语时, 相当于一个when, while, after,if等引导的时间状语从句。
*Asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
=When Philip was asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
当被问对教学工作的看法时, 菲利普说他觉得教学既有趣又有意义。
3. 作条件状语
过去分词作条件状语时, 相当于一个由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。
*Given one more chance (=If I was given one more chance), I wouldn’t let my parents down. 再给我一次机会, 我不会让父母失望。
4. 作方式或伴随状语
过去分词作方式或伴随状语时, 可以转换成一个并列句。
*She accepted the gift, deeply moved.
=She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved.
她接受了礼物, 深深地被感动了。
5. 作让步状语
过去分词作让步状语时, 相当于一个由though, although, even if/though等引导的让步状语从句。
*Defeated by another team, he never gave up any hope.
=Although he was defeated by another team, he never gave up any hope.
虽然被另一个队击败, 但是他从没放弃希望。
【知识深一度】 过去分词作状语的注意事项
过去分词(短语)作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。
*Seen from a distance, the peak looked like an eagle whose wings were spread. (seen的逻辑主语为the peak) 从远处看, 山峰就像一只鹰, 展开双翅。
【即学活用】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (注意：有些题需要填 -ing形式或-to do)
①___________(invite) to perform on the stage, he felt nervous and excited.
②___________ (face) with a difficult situation, he decided to ask his boss for advice.
③___________(record) in a new way, the album was expected to be popular with techno fans.
⑤He hurried to the station, only ___________ (find)the train had left.
⑥___________(walk)along the shore, I stopped to enjoy the golden sunset.
⑦被他浪漫的话语打动，女孩收下了他的礼物。
_________________________________, the girl accepted his gift.
⑧我很骄傲能拥有这样善良勇敢的朋友。
I am proud_________________________________.
⑨努力工作 ，你就会一天天进步。
______________________, you will make progress day by day.
⑩她温柔地笑着，递给我一杯热茶。
______________________, she handed me a cup of warm tea.
句式升级: 用过去分词改写下列句子或小段落
1. He stood rooted to the spot. He was shocked by what had happened..
→He stood rooted to the spot, _________________________________.
2. The teacher was satisfied with our homework and praised us in class.
→_________________________________, the teacher praised us in class.
3. If I am given more time, I will finish the work perfectly.
→______________________, I will finish the work perfectly.
4.I was deeply touched by his kindness. I made up my mind to learn from him. I also promised to help people in need in the future.
→______________________, I made up my mind to learn from him, ____________
_________________________________.Unit 5　Music Part 3 Discovering Useful Structures
过去分词作表语和状语(Past participles as the predicative and the adverbial)
【语法精要点拨】
一、过去分词作表语
1. 意义
过去分词作表语时, 动词与句子的主语往往是被动关系。过去分词位于系动词(如be, get, become, look, feel, seem, remain等)之后, 多表示主语的状态或状况, 它所体现的是形容词的特性。
*He was lost in thought, so he didn’t hear the bell. 由于陷入了沉思之中, 他没有听到铃声。
2. 有些过去分词作表语时, 相当于形容词, 且大部分已转化为形容词, 常见的有: delighted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk, amused, astonished, interested, crowded, tired, satisfied, pleased, surprised等。
*I’m so delighted to learn that you’re coming to my school for a visit and I’d like to express my sincere welcome.
得知你要来我校访问, 我非常高兴, 我要向你表示诚挚的欢迎。
3. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
　　过去分词作表语时, 强调主语所处的状态; 而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 强调动作。
*The library is now closed. 图书馆现在关闭了。(状态)
*The glass plate was broken by him. 玻璃板被他打破了。(被动语态)
【名师点津】过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别
(1)过去分词作表语表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态, 常译作“感到……的”。
*She felt exhausted and sat by the stream, resting her aching feet.
她感到筋疲力尽, 坐在小溪边, 休息着疼痛的双脚。
(2)现在分词作表语表示事物具有的特性, 常译作“令人……的”。
*His speech was inspiring and touched my heart.
他的发言鼓舞人心, 让我很受触动。
【即学活用】 单句语法填空/完成句子（-ing、-ed、 -to do）
①He was inspired(inspire) by his favorite singer to start singing.
②While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
③I was disappointed(disappoint) at the film I saw last night.
④幸福的秘诀是给予，而非索取。The secret of happiness is giving, not taking.
⑤重要的是发自内心地关怀。What matters is caring from the heart.
⑥第一步是相信自己。The first step is to believe in yourself.
⑦最好的方式是坦诚沟通。The best way is to communicate openly.
⑧我今天的工作是给你们上这节课。My job today is to teach you this lesson.
二、过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语的语法意义
过去分词作状语, 修饰谓语动词, 进一步说明谓语动词表示的动作和状态, 即动作发生时的背景或状况。
(1)从语态上讲, 此时的过去分词表示被动意义, 即分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
*Praised by what the teacher said, the student decided to work even harder.
在老师的话的表扬下, 那名学生决定更加努力学习。
(2)从时间上讲, 此时的过去分词表示被动动作的完成。
*Seriously injured, the athlete had to be taken to the hospital.
由于伤势严重, 这个运动员必须被送到医院。
2. 过去分词作状语的句法功能
过去分词作状语, 表示被动或完成的动作, 可以作原因、时间、条件、方式或伴随、让步等状语。
(1)作原因状语
过去分词作原因状语时, 相当于一个as, since, because 等引导的原因状语从句。
*Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
=Because John was absorbed in painting, he didn’t notice evening approaching.
=John was absorbed in painting, so he didn’t notice evening approaching.
由于专心画画, 约翰没有注意到夜幕降临了。
*Seated at the back of the classroom, he couldn’t see the words on the blackboard clearly.
= As he was seated at the back of the classroom, he couldn’t see the words on the blackboard clearly.
(2)作时间状语
过去分词作时间状语时, 相当于一个when, while, after,if等引导的时间状语从句。
*Asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
=When Philip was asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
当被问对教学工作的看法时, 菲利普说他觉得教学既有趣又有意义。
3. 作条件状语
过去分词作条件状语时, 相当于一个由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。
*Given one more chance (=If I was given one more chance), I wouldn’t let my parents down. 再给我一次机会, 我不会让父母失望。
4. 作方式或伴随状语
过去分词作方式或伴随状语时, 可以转换成一个并列句。
*She accepted the gift, deeply moved.
=She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved.
她接受了礼物, 深深地被感动了。
5. 作让步状语
过去分词作让步状语时, 相当于一个由though, although, even if/though等引导的让步状语从句。
*Defeated by another team, he never gave up any hope.
=Although he was defeated by another team, he never gave up any hope.
虽然被另一个队击败, 但是他从没放弃希望。
【知识深一度】 过去分词作状语的注意事项
过去分词(短语)作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。
*Seen from a distance, the peak looked like an eagle whose wings were spread. (seen的逻辑主语为the peak) 从远处看, 山峰就像一只鹰, 展开双翅。
【即学活用】 单句语法填空/完成句子 (注意：有些题需要填 -ing形式或-to do)
①Invited(invite) to perform on the stage, he felt nervous and excited.
②Faced (face) with a difficult situation, he decided to ask his boss for advice.
③Recorded(record) in a new way, the album was expected to be popular with techno fans.
⑤He hurried to the station, only to find (find)the train had left.
⑥Walking(walk)along the shore, I stopped to enjoy the golden sunset.
⑦被他浪漫的话语打动，女孩收下了他的礼物。
Moved by his romantic words, the girl accepted his gift.
⑧我很骄傲能拥有这样善良勇敢的朋友。
I am proud to have such a kind and brave friend.
⑨努力工作 ，你就会一天天进步。
Working hard, you will make progress day by day.
⑩她温柔地笑着，递给我一杯热茶。
Smiling gently, she handed me a cup of warm tea.
句式升级: 用过去分词改写下列句子或小段落
1. He stood rooted to the spot. He was shocked by what had happened..
→He stood rooted to the spot, shocked by what had happened.
2. The teacher was satisfied with our homework and praised us in class.
→Satisfied with our homework, the teacher praised us in class.
3. If I am given more time, I will finish the work perfectly.
→Given more time, I will finish the work perfectly.
4.I was deeply touched by his kindness. I made up my mind to learn from him. I also promised to help people in need in the future.
→Deeply touched by his kindness, I made up my mind to learn from him, promising to help people in need in the future.

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