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语法填空 易错考点
第一组
Chinese painting, _________ is one of the oldest artistic traditions in the world, serves as a vital bridge for cultural exchange _________ enriches the global artistic landscape.
答案：which; and
翻译：中国画是世界上最古老的艺术传统之一，它既是文化交流的重要桥梁，也丰富了全球艺术版图。
详细解析：第一空考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为Chinese painting，指物，从句缺少主语，且非限制性定语从句不能用that，只能用关系代词which引导；第二空考查并列连词，前后两个谓语动词serves和enriches为并列关系，用并列连词and连接，表顺承、并列含义。
关联知识点（全）：非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后主句意思依然完整，主句与从句之间用逗号隔开；只能用which/who/whom/whose/as引导，绝对不能用that；which指代物，在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语；who指代人，作主语；whom指代人，作宾语。
限制性定语从句vs非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句无逗号，修饰限定先行词，不可省略；非限制性定语从句有逗号，补充说明，可省略。
并列连词and：表并列、顺承、递进、动作先后，连接两个单词、短语、句子；同类并列连词还有but（转折）、or（选择/否则）、so（因果）、for（因果）等。
Through these exchanges, our culture is becoming better known around _________ globe.
答案：the
翻译：通过这些交流，我们的文化在全球范围内越来越为人所知。
详细解析：考查固定搭配，around the globe为固定短语，意为“全球范围内、全世界”，globe表示“地球、全球”时，为特指，前面必须加定冠词the。
关联知识点（全）：定冠词the的特指用法：特指双方都知道的人/物、世上独一无二的事物、特指的名词；globe（地球）、earth（地球）、sun（太阳）、moon（月亮）等独一无二的天体前，必须加the。
固定短语积累：around the globe=all over the world=across the world=throughout the world，均表示“全世界”。
零冠词情况：泛指复数名词、抽象名词、物质名词、球类、三餐、学科等前不加冠词。
As winter deepens and the year edges toward a close, Sichuan province’s approach to the Spring Festival reveals itself not in grand displays, _________ in quiet, everyday scenes.
答案：but
翻译：寒冬渐深，年关将至，四川迎接春节的方式并非体现在盛大的排场中，而是藏在平淡日常的细碎场景里。
详细解析：考查固定并列结构not...but...，意为“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列的介词短语in grand displays和in quiet, everyday scenes，表转折对立关系。
关联知识点（全）：固定结构not...but...：连接两个并列成分（主语、宾语、表语、状语、谓语），谓语动词单复数遵循就近一致原则；否定前者，肯定后者。
同类转折结构：not...instead...、rather than（而不是）、instead of（而不是）。
转折连词用法：but表直接转折，语气强；while表对比转折，语气弱；yet表然而，常用于句中/句末。
Along balconies, beneath tiled eaves, and beside kitchen windows, slabs of pork begin to appear, _________ (suspend) in the cold air.
答案：suspended
翻译：阳台边、屋檐下、厨房窗旁，一块块猪肉开始出现，悬挂在凛冽的空气中。
详细解析：考查非谓语动词作状语，slabs of pork与动词suspend（悬挂）之间为被动关系，猪肉是“被悬挂”的，因此用过去分词suspended作伴随状语，表被动、完成。
关联知识点（全）：非谓语动词作状语：现在分词doing表主动、进行；过去分词done表被动、完成；不定式to do表目的、将来、结果。
非谓语动词判断方法：找逻辑主语，判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词的主被动关系；主动用doing，被动用done。
伴随状语用法：修饰主句谓语动作，表主句动作发生时伴随的状态，常用现在分词/过去分词充当。
It_________ (cut) thick into even layers of fat and lean, and rubbed with salt, chili powder, and crushed Sichuan peppercorns.
答案：is cut
翻译：它被切成厚薄均匀的肥瘦相间肉块，再抹上食盐、辣椒粉和碾碎的花椒。
详细解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态，主语It指代前文的pork（猪肉），猪肉和cut（切）之间为被动关系，且句子描述客观制作流程，用一般现在时；主语为单数，因此用is cut。
关联知识点（全）：被动语态结构：be+done；一般现在时被动：am/is/are+done；一般过去时被动：was/were+done；一般将来时被动：will be done/shall be done。
被动语态适用场景：主语是动作的承受者、动作执行者不明确/没必要说明、客观事实/规则描述。
并列谓语一致原则：句中and连接并列谓语cut和rubbed，时态、语态保持一致。
The act of hanging meat beneath the eaves is both functional and symbolic — _________ visible countdown to the Chinese New Year, _________ (mark) time through transformation.
答案：a; marking
翻译：屋檐下挂肉的行为兼具实用性与象征意义——这是迎接农历新年的一场看得见的倒计时，通过食材的蜕变记录时光。
详细解析：第一空考查不定冠词，countdown为可数名词单数，visible以辅音音素开头，表泛指“一场看得见的倒计时”，用a；第二空考查非谓语动词作状语，主语the act与mark（标记、记录）之间为主动关系，用现在分词marking作伴随状语。
关联知识点（全）：不定冠词a/an用法：泛指单数可数名词；a用于辅音音素开头单词前，an用于元音音素开头单词前（注意是音素不是字母）。
现在分词作伴随状语：逻辑主语与分词为主动关系，表主句动作同时发生的伴随动作。
both...and...结构：连接两个并列成分，意为“既……又……”，谓语动词用复数。
Chinese people have appreciated the beauty of lanterns for centuries. _________ a beacon (灯塔) that lights up the way home! it is a custom _________ (admire) the charm of lanterns during Lantern Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, two festivals that celebrate reunion.
答案：What; to admire
翻译：数百年来，中国人一直钟爱花灯之美。这是照亮回家路的灯塔啊！在元宵节和中秋节这两个团圆佳节，赏灯是一项传统习俗。
详细解析：第一空考查感叹句，感叹句结构为What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语，此处省略主语和谓语，中心词为可数名词单数beacon，用What引导；第二空考查固定句型It is a custom to do sth.，意为“做某事是一种习俗”，it为形式主语，真正主语为不定式to admire。
关联知识点（全）：感叹句结构：What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主谓；What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主谓；How+adj./adv.+主谓。
形式主语it：It is+名词/形容词+to do sth.，it替代真正的主语不定式，避免句子头重脚轻。
同类形式主语句型：It is important/necessary/helpful to do sth.；It takes sb. some time to do sth.。
When we mention Chinese lanterns, it would not be complete without referring to Zigong, a city in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, often _________ (recognize) as the City of Lanterns.
答案：recognized
翻译：谈及中国花灯，就不得不提中国西南部四川省的自贡市，这座城市常被誉为“灯城”。
详细解析：考查非谓语动词作定语，先行词a city（Zigong）与recognize（认可、称作）之间为被动关系，城市是“被称作”灯城，因此用过去分词recognized作后置定语。
关联知识点（全）：非谓语动词作后置定语：现在分词doing表主动、进行；过去分词done表被动、完成；不定式to do表将来。
固定搭配be recognized as：意为“被认为是、被公认为、被誉为”，同类短语：be regarded as、be considered as、be treated as。
定语与状语区分：定语修饰名词/代词，状语修饰动词/形容词/整个句子。
The skilful hands of Zigong craftsmen have also taken this national intangible heritage abroad, _________ (stage) impressive performances of color and delight at lantern shows in more than 70 countries and regions worldwide.
答案：staging
翻译：自贡工匠们的巧手，还将这项国家级非物质文化遗产推向海外，在全球70多个国家和地区的灯展上，呈现出一场场异彩纷呈、赏心悦目之景。
详细解析：考查非谓语动词作结果状语，主语the skilful hands与stage（呈现、举办）之间为主动关系，且是主句动作带来的自然而然的结果，用现在分词staging作状语。
关联知识点（全）：现在分词作结果状语：表主句动作自然而然产生的结果，位于句末，用逗号隔开；不定式to do作结果状语表出乎意料的结果。
非谓语动词作状语总结：目的（to do）、伴随（doing/done）、结果（doing自然结果/to do意外结果）、原因（doing/done）。
intangible heritage：固定表达，意为“非物质文化遗产”。
At the heart of this phenomenon is the special bond between artist Li Weiyi and the wolf Green she rescued in 2010 on the Ruo’ergai grasslands, a weak newborn cub _________ mother was killed by poachers’ poisoned bait.
答案：whose
翻译：这一现象的核心，是艺术家李维伊与她2010年在若尔盖草原救下的狼“格林”之间的特殊羁绊，这只孱弱的幼崽，它的母亲被盗猎者的毒饵害死。
详细解析：考查定语从句关系代词，先行词为a weak newborn cub（幼崽），从句中mother前缺少定语，表“幼崽的母亲”，指代先行词的所属关系，用关系代词whose引导定语从句。
关联知识点（全）：关系代词whose用法：表所属关系，既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词；结构为whose+名词=of which+the+名词=the+名词+of which。
定语从句关系词判断：看先行词是人/物，看从句成分（主/宾/表/定/状），缺定语用whose。
倒装句：本句为表语前置的全部倒装，正常语序为The special bond...is at the heart of this phenomenon。
She brought him to Chengdu, but his wild nature conflicted _________ urban life as he grew.
答案：with
翻译：她把它带回成都，但随着它慢慢长大，它的野性与城市生活格格不入。
详细解析：考查固定短语搭配，conflict with为固定动词短语，意为“与……冲突、与……抵触、和……格格不入”，因此填介词with。
关联知识点（全）：固定短语conflict with：动词短语，表冲突；名词短语为conflict between A and B，意为“A与B之间的冲突”。
同类介词搭配：agree with（同意）、connect with（连接）、deal with（处理）、meet with（遭遇）。
介词基本用法：后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，构成介宾结构。
Years later, according to _________ (account) from local herders, Green, now a pack leader, was seen _________ (return) the red ribbon Li used to bandage his cub’s injured paw.
答案：accounts; returning
翻译：多年后，据当地牧民讲述，如今已是狼群首领的格林，被看到叼回了李维伊当年为它包扎受伤爪子的红丝带。
详细解析：第一空考查名词复数，account表示“讲述、描述”时为可数名词，根据from local herders（当地牧民们）可知，此处用复数形式accounts；第二空考查非谓语动词，see sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事”，被动结构为sb. be seen doing sth.，表示“某人被看到正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行，因此填returning。
关联知识点（全）：名词单复数：可数名词复数一般加s，account复数直接加s；不可数名词无复数形式。
感官动词非谓语搭配：see sb. do sth.（看到动作全过程）、see sb. doing sth.（看到动作正在进行）、see sth. done（看到某物被做）；被动语态分别为sb. be seen to do/doing sth.。
according to用法：意为“根据”，后接名词、代词、动名词，不能接句子。
This story reflects people’s desire for authentic relationships _________ China’s growing ecological consciousness.
答案：and
翻译：这个故事既反映了人们对真挚情感的渴望，也体现了中国日益增强的生态保护意识。
详细解析：考查并列连词，连接两个并列的宾语people’s desire for authentic relationships和China’s growing ecological consciousness，表并列、递进关系，用and。
关联知识点（全）：并列连词and表并列递进：连接两个并列的名词、短语、句子，表两者同时存在、递进关系。
并列连词区分：and（并列）、but（转折）、or（选择）、so（因果）、while（对比）。
reflect用法：及物动词，意为“反映、体现”，后直接接宾语，无需加介词。
Each team _________ (consist) of one rickshaw and one to four drivers.
答案：consists
翻译：每支队伍由一辆人力车和一到四名车手组成。
详细解析：考查一般现在时及主谓一致，主语Each team为单数概念，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式consists；且consist of无被动语态，主动表被动。
关联知识点（全）：固定短语consist of：意为“由……组成”，主动语态，无被动、无进行时态；同义短语be made up of、be composed of。
主谓一致：each/every+单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；不定代词everyone、someone、anyone作主语，谓语动词用单数。
一般现在时用法：表客观事实、真理、经常性动作，谓语动词用原形/第三人称单数。
The route is different, but the _________ (long) is always about 2,500 km long.
答案：length
翻译：路线各不相同，但总长度始终约为2500公里。
详细解析：考查词性转换，定冠词the后接名词，long为形容词，意为“长的”，其名词形式为length，意为“长度”，在句中作主语。
关联知识点（全）：词性转换规则：形容词变名词，常加-th/-ness/-tion/-ment等后缀；long（adj.长的）→length（n.长度）、wide（adj.宽的）→width（n.宽度）、deep（adj.深的）→depth（n.深度）。
句子成分判断：冠词后、谓语动词前，通常为名词作主语。
同类名词积累：height（高度）、weight（重量）、width（宽度）、depth（深度）。
举一反三
Traditional paper-cutting, _________ has been passed down for thousands of years, shows the wisdom of ancient Chinese people _________ carries rich cultural connotations.
答案：which; and
翻译：传承了数千年的传统剪纸艺术，展现了中国古代人民的智慧，也承载着丰富的文化内涵。
解析：第一空非限制性定语从句，先行词paper-cutting指物，从句缺主语，用which；第二空并列连词and连接两个并列谓语。
知识点：非限制性定语从句引导词用法；并列连词and连接并列谓语；定语从句主谓一致规则。
Through cultural promotion, ancient Chinese calligraphy has gained great popularity around _________ world in recent years.
答案：the
翻译：近年来，通过文化推广，中国古代书法在全球范围内广受喜爱。
解析：固定搭配around the world，world为独一无二的事物，前加定冠词the表特指。
知识点：定冠词the修饰独一无二的事物；固定短语around the world同义替换；定冠词特指用法。
The charm of ancient poetry lies not in complicated words, _________ in the sincere emotions hidden behind the lines.
答案：but
翻译：古诗词的魅力不在于辞藻繁复，而藏在字句背后的真挚情感里。
解析：考查固定结构not...but...，连接两个并列介词短语，表转折对立。
知识点：not...but...结构用法；并列转折连词用法；短语作表语的语法规则。
On the streets of ancient towns, red lanterns can be seen everywhere, _________ (hang) on the gates of old houses.
答案：hung
翻译：古镇街巷里，红灯笼随处可见，悬挂在老宅院的大门上。
解析：lanterns与hang为被动关系，用过去分词hung作伴随状语，表被动。
知识点：过去分词作伴随状语；非谓语动词主被动判断；hang的过去分词特殊形式。
This handmade soap _________ (make) with natural plants and essential oils, and loved by many consumers.
答案：is made
翻译：这款手工皂由天然植物和精油制作而成，深受众多消费者喜爱。
解析：主语soap与make为被动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时被动语态is made。
知识点：一般现在时被动语态结构；并列谓语语态一致；被动语态适用场景。
Reading ancient books is meaningful — _________ journey to explore traditional Chinese culture, _________ (open) a door to history for readers.
答案：a; opening
翻译：阅读古籍意义非凡——这是一场探寻中华传统文化的旅程，为读者打开了一扇通往历史的大门。
解析：第一空泛指一段旅程，journey辅音音素开头，用a；第二空主语与open为主动关系，现在分词opening作伴随状语。
知识点：不定冠词泛指用法；现在分词作伴随状语；抽象名词具体化用法。
_________ wonderful culture traditional Chinese opera has! It is a common choice _________ (relax) ourselves by watching operas in spare time.
答案：What; to relax
翻译：中国传统戏曲有着多么精彩的文化底蕴啊！闲暇时看戏放松身心，是大家的普遍选择。
解析：第一空What引导感叹句，修饰名词culture；第二空it作形式主语，不定式to relax作真正主语。
知识点：What引导感叹句结构；形式主语it用法；不定式作真正主语的句型。
When talking about Chinese tea culture, we have to mention Hangzhou, a city _________ (know) for its long-standing tea planting history.
答案：known
翻译：谈及中国茶文化，就不得不提以悠久种茶历史闻名的杭州。
解析：city与know为被动关系，过去分词known作后置定语，固定搭配be known for。
知识点：过去分词作后置定语；固定搭配be known for；非谓语动词作定语规则。
Many folk artists have brought local folk arts abroad, _________ (show) the charm of Chinese folk culture to the whole world.
答案：showing
翻译：众多民间艺人将地方民俗艺术带往海外，向全世界展现了中国民间文化的魅力。
解析：主语artists与show为主动关系，现在分词showing作结果状语，表自然而然的结果。
知识点：现在分词作结果状语；非谓语动词状语区分；民间文化相关短语积累。
We still remember the little girl _________ story touched millions of people and spread positive energy online.
答案：whose
翻译：我们依然记得那个小女孩，她的故事感动了数百万人，在网络上传递了正能量。
解析：定语从句，先行词girl指人，从句缺定语，表所属关系，用whose。
知识点：关系代词whose表所属；定语从句关系词选择；定语从句修饰人用法。
His casual words conflicted _________ his actual actions, making people doubt his honesty.
答案：with
翻译：他随口说的话和实际行动相互矛盾，让人们怀疑他的诚意。
解析：固定短语conflict with，意为“与……冲突”，填介词with。
知识点：conflict with固定搭配；介词+名词构成介宾短语；动词与介词固定搭配。
According to _________ (record) in ancient books, this custom originated in the Tang Dynasty, and was seen _________ (spread) all over the country then.
答案：records; spreading
翻译：据古籍记载，这一习俗起源于唐代，在当时就被传遍了全国。
解析：第一空record为可数名词，用复数records；第二空be seen doing sth.表被看到动作正在进行。
知识点：可数名词复数变化；感官动词被动语态非谓语用法；according to接名词规则。
This activity can strengthen people’s national pride _________ promote the inheritance of traditional culture.
答案：and
翻译：这项活动既能增强人们的民族自豪感，又能推动传统文化的传承。
解析：并列连词and连接两个并列谓语，表递进关系。
知识点：and连接并列谓语表递进；并列连词连接双宾语用法；句子并列结构逻辑。
Every group _________ (consist) of five members and works together to finish the challenging task.
答案：consists
翻译：每个小组由五名成员组成，大家齐心协力完成这项颇具挑战的任务。
解析：every+单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，consist of无被动，用一般现在时单数consists。
知识点：主谓一致之each/every用法；consist of主动表被动；并列谓语时态一致。
The height of the tower is over 300 meters, and its _________ (wide) at the bottom is nearly 50 meters.
答案：width
翻译：这座塔的高度超过300米，底部宽度将近50米。
解析：形容词wide变名词width，the+名词作主语，表“宽度”。
知识点：形容词变名词后缀-th；句子主语成分判断；度量类名词积累。
第二组
A few days before the race, _________ participants don’t know how to drive a rickshaw, they will receive a crash course _________ (make) sure they can control it during the race.
答案：if; to make
整句翻译：比赛前几天，如果参赛选手不知道如何驾驶人力车，他们会参加一门速成课程，以确保在比赛中能够操控车辆。
详细解析：第一空考查状语从句引导词，逗号前后为两个完整句子，前半句是条件，后半句是结果，因此用引导条件状语从句的if；第二空考查非谓语动词，此处用不定式作目的状语，表达开设速成课程的目的，故填to make。
关联知识点总结：条件状语从句：引导词主要有if（如果）、unless（除非）、as long as（只要）、on condition that（条件是）；遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，本题主句为will receive，从句用don’t know，符合该原则。
不定式作目的状语：to do可置于句中或句首，表“为了、以便”，表目的；区别于现在分词作状语（表伴随、结果、原因）、过去分词作状语（表被动、完成）；不定式作目的状语可转换为in order to do、so as to do（so as to不可置于句首）。
crash course：固定短语，意为“速成课程、短期集训课”，属于高频固定搭配。
Not because they’re disturbed, but because they’re exploring how _________ (hold) conflicting emotions and still feel okay.
答案：to hold
整句翻译：并非因为他们心绪烦躁，而是因为他们在摸索如何接纳矛盾的情绪，同时保持内心平和。
详细解析：本题考查“疑问词+不定式”结构，how为疑问词，后接不定式to hold，在句中作exploring的宾语，该结构相当于一个宾语从句，即how they can hold conflicting emotions。
关联知识点总结：疑问词+不定式结构：常用疑问词（what/who/whom/which/when/where/how/why）+ to do，可在句中作主语、宾语、表语；适用于主语与主句主语一致、且无需强调时态的语境，可简化宾语从句。
固定句型 not...but...：意为“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列的句子、短语或单词，前后结构保持平行，本题连接两个because引导的原因状语从句。
conflicting emotions：固定表达，意为“矛盾的情绪、冲突的情绪”。
Labubu is an _________ (invite) to master the strange.
答案：invitation
整句翻译：拉布布是一场邀约，邀请人们掌控那些奇特的事物。
详细解析：空格前为不定冠词an，冠词后需接名词，因此将动词invite变为名词形式invitation，表“邀约、邀请”，在句中作表语。
关联知识点总结：动词变名词规则：以不发音e结尾的动词，直接加-tion变为名词（invite→invitation；act→action；educate→education）；以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i加-cation（satisfy→satisfaction）；以te结尾的动词，直接去e加-tion。
冠词用法：不定冠词a/an修饰可数名词单数，an用于元音音素开头的单词前，a用于辅音音素开头的单词前；定冠词the表特指。
master：此处作动词，意为“掌控、精通、熟练掌握”，也可作名词，意为“大师、主人”。
Let’s add in another piece of the puzzle: blind boxes. Labubu dolls _________ (sell) in sealed packages, so you don’t know which version you’ll get _________ you open it.
答案：are sold; until / till
整句翻译：我们再补充一个关键信息：盲盒。拉布布玩偶被装在密封包装里售卖，所以直到拆开包装，你才会知道自己抽到的是哪一款。
详细解析：第一空考查被动语态，Labubu dolls和sell是被动关系（玩偶被售卖），句子为一般现在时，主语为复数，故填are sold；第二空考查时间状语从句引导词，not...until...为固定句型，意为“直到……才……”，故填until/till。
关联知识点总结：一般现在时被动语态：结构为am/is/are + 过去分词，表经常性、习惯性的被动动作；被动语态核心：主语是动作的承受者，而非发出者。
not...until...句型：引导时间状语从句，主句常用一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时，从句遵循时态呼应原则；可转换为Only when...主句倒装结构。
sealed packages：固定表达，意为“密封包装”。
We talk about peer pressure like it’s always harmful, but the truth is, _________ (fit) in is a developmental milestone.
答案：fitting
整句翻译：我们总说同辈压力是有害的，但事实是，融入集体是一个成长发展的重要节点。
详细解析：空格处内容在句中作主语，动词原形不能直接作主语，需变为动名词形式，故填fitting，动名词作主语表示抽象、习惯性的动作。
关联知识点总结：非谓语动词作主语：动名词（doing）和不定式（to do）均可作主语；动名词作主语表抽象、经常性动作，谓语动词用单数；不定式作主语表具体、一次性动作，常用it作形式主语，将不定式后置。
固定短语 fit in：意为“融入、适应、合群”，常见搭配fit in with sb./sth.（与……相融、适应……）。
peer pressure：固定表达，意为“同辈压力、同龄人压力”，属于高频话题词汇。
“The land was considered worthless. Fellow farmers rented it to me for only 50 yuan per mu.” said Li Dianquan, a local farmer _________ family has farmed this land for generations.
答案：whose
整句翻译：“这片土地以前被认为毫无价值，其他农户只以每亩50元的价格租给我。”当地农民李典全说道，他家祖祖辈辈都在耕种这片土地。
详细解析：本题考查定语从句引导词，先行词为a local farmer，指人，从句中family缺少定语，表“……的”，因此用关系代词whose引导定语从句，修饰family。
关联知识点总结：定语从句关系代词whose：既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语，表所属关系；指人时=of whom，指物时=of which。
定语从句基本用法：先行词是名词/代词，从句修饰限定先行词；区分关系代词（who/whom/whose/which/that）和关系副词（when/where/why）的用法：关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词作状语。
for generations：固定短语，意为“世世代代、祖祖辈辈”。
The gradual _________ (withdraw) of seawater over time left behind salt deposits (沉积物) which have created 227.330 hectares of saline-alkaline land.
答案：withdrawal
整句翻译：随着时间推移，海水逐渐退去，留下了大量盐分沉积物，最终形成了227.330公顷的盐碱地。
详细解析：空格前为形容词gradual，形容词修饰名词，因此将动词withdraw变为名词形式withdrawal，表“退却、消退、撤离”，在句中作主语。
关联知识点总结：动词变名词（-al后缀）：部分动词加-al变为名词，表行为、状态（withdraw→withdrawal；arrive→arrival；approve→approval）；形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词、副词。
主谓一致：本句主语为the gradual withdrawal，是单数概念，谓语动词用left（一般过去时），不受of后名词影响。
saline-alkaline land：固定表达，意为“盐碱地”，属于地理环境类高频词汇。
“In the autumn harvest season, Shandong’s landscape is a colorful palette (调色板),__________ the last color we want to see is the white of saline-alkaline land,”said Wang Jingdong, an official of the Department of Agriculture.
答案：but / yet
整句翻译：“秋收时节，山东的大地宛如一块五彩斑斓的调色板，但我们最不愿见到的颜色，就是盐碱地的白色。”农业部门官员王京东说道。
详细解析：逗号前后为两个完整句子，前后语义存在转折关系，前文夸赞大地色彩丰富，后文表达不愿见到盐碱地白色，因此用表转折的并列连词but/yet。
关联知识点总结：并列连词：表并列and、表转折but/yet/while、表选择or、表因果so/for；并列连词连接两个结构平行、语义相关的独立句子。
转折连词区分：but语气较强，表直接转折；yet语气稍弱，可表出乎意料的转折；while表对比转折，常置于句中。
autumn harvest season：固定表达，意为“秋收时节”。
This year farmers started planting a new strain of wheat, which has resistance_________pests and diseases — exactly_________years of scientific research has aimed for.
答案：to; what
整句翻译：今年农民们开始种植一种新型小麦品种，这种小麦具有抗病虫害的特性，而这正是多年科学研究的目标所在。
详细解析：第一空考查固定搭配，resistance to sth.为固定短语，意为“对……的抵抗力”，故填to；第二空考查表语从句，从句中aim for缺少宾语，指代事物，用what引导表语从句且在从句中作宾语。
关联知识点总结：固定搭配 resistance to：后接名词，表“抵抗、抵御……”，形容词形式为resistant，搭配be resistant to（抵抗……、耐……）。
表语从句引导词what：what在表语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语，指代事物，无明确范围，区别于which（有明确范围选择）；表语从句语序为陈述语序。
定语从句：句中which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文a new strain of wheat，补充说明品种特性。
Shandong is exploring a path _________ (characterize) by ecological prioritization and technological support.
答案：characterized
整句翻译：山东正在探索一条以生态优先、技术支撑为特点的发展道路。
详细解析：本题考查非谓语动词作定语，path和characterize是被动关系（道路以……为特点），因此用过去分词characterized作后置定语，修饰a path。
关联知识点总结：过去分词作定语：表被动、完成，修饰名词，可转换为定语从句（a path which is characterized by...）；现在分词作定语表主动、进行，不定式作定语表将来。
固定搭配 be characterized by：意为“以……为特征、特点是……”，属于高频书面表达。
ecological prioritization：固定表达，意为“生态优先”，属于环保类话题核心词汇。
In ancient China, nobles enjoyed a special cold food known as Sushan, _________ many scholars regard as the earliest form of ice cream.
答案：which
整句翻译：在中国古代，贵族们钟爱一种名为“酥山”的特色冷食，许多学者认为它就是冰淇淋的最早雏形。
详细解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为Sushan，指物，从句中regard后缺少宾语，且非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，因此用关系代词which引导。
关联知识点总结：非限制性定语从句：用逗号与主句隔开，补充说明先行词，不可省略引导词，不能用that引导；先行词指人用who/whom，指物用which。
固定搭配 regard...as...：意为“把……看作、认为……是……”，同义短语有consider...as...、treat...as...、view...as...。
过去分词作定语：known as为过去分词短语，修饰cold food，表“被称作……”。
It looked like a small mountain of shaved ice _________ (combine) with milk, butter and sugar, and _________ (make) it more popular on special occasions, it was sometimes decorated with flowers and leaves.
答案：combined; to make
整句翻译：它看起来像是一座刨冰堆成的小山，混合着牛奶、黄油和糖；为了让它在特殊场合更受欢迎，人们有时会用花草树叶对其进行装饰。
详细解析：第一空考查非谓语动词作定语，shaved ice和combine是被动关系（刨冰被混合），故填过去分词combined；第二空考查不定式作目的状语，表“为了让……”，故填to make。
关联知识点总结：过去分词作定语：表被动，修饰名词，逻辑上主语与动词为被动关系，可转换为定语从句。
不定式作目的状语：置于句首或句中，表动作的目的，可转换为in order to do结构。
固定搭配 be combined with：意为“与……混合、结合”，be decorated with：意为“用……装饰”。
During the Tang Dynasty, the emperor’s court _________ (far) developed this dessert.
答案：further
整句翻译：唐朝时期，宫廷对这种甜品进行了进一步的改良发展。
详细解析：空格处修饰动词developed，需用副词，此处表“进一步、更深层次地”，表抽象程度的递进，因此用far的副词比较级further，而非farther（farther仅表距离上的更远）。
关联知识点总结：far的比较级、最高级：farther/further（比较级）；farthest/furthest（最高级）；farther仅指距离“更远”；further可指距离、程度、抽象意义“进一步、更深”，常用于学术、书面语境。
副词修饰动词：副词修饰实义动词，一般置于动词之后，表动作的程度、方式、时间等。
Metal containers holding the mixture were often placed in ice with saltpeter (硝石), _________ substance that lowers the freezing point of water.
答案：a
整句翻译：装有混合物的金属容器，常被放入混有硝石的冰块中，硝石是一种能够降低水的冰点的物质。
详细解析：空格后为可数名词单数substance，且此处表泛指“一种物质”，substance以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。
关联知识点总结：不定冠词泛指用法：a/an修饰可数名词单数，表泛指“一类、一个”，区别于定冠词the表特指；
同位语用法：a substance...是saltpeter的同位语，对硝石进行解释说明，that引导定语从句修饰substance。
freezing point：固定表达，意为“冰点、凝固点”。
At the _________ (begin) of the design work, Huang and his colleagues had no prior knowledge in that field, and since other countries were extremely _________ (protect) of such technologies, they had very few technical reference materials.
答案：beginning; protective
整句翻译：在设计工作初期，黄先生和同事们在该领域毫无相关知识储备，再加上其他国家对这类技术严格保密，他们几乎没有任何技术参考资料。
详细解析：第一空考查固定短语at the beginning of，意为“在……初期、在……开始”，故填动名词beginning；第二空空格前为副词extremely，副词修饰形容词，且be protective of为固定搭配，故填形容词protective。
关联知识点总结：固定短语 at the beginning of：意为“在……开始、在……初期”，同义短语in the early stage of；区别于at first（起初、首先，表顺序）。
动词变形容词规则：动词加-ive变为形容词（protect→protective；create→creative；act→active）；副词修饰形容词，置于形容词之前。
固定搭配 be protective of：意为“保护、戒备、对……严加保密”。
举一反三
说明：本部分均为长难句语法填空，贴合原题考点，侧重复合句、非谓语动词、词性转换、从句引导词等核心考点，难度适配进阶学习，每道题配套答案、翻译、解析及完整知识点。
Before the national competition, _________ the contestants lack professional training, the organizer will arrange intensive classes _________ (improve) their overall skills comprehensively.
答案：if; to improve
翻译：全国大赛开始前，如果参赛选手缺乏专业培训，主办方会开设集训课程，全面提升他们的综合技能。
解析：第一空填if引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则；第二空填不定式to improve作目的状语，表开设课程的目的。
关联知识点：条件状语从句主将从现规则；不定式作目的状语用法；intensive classes（集训课）固定搭配。
She didn’t quit her job because she was tired, but because she was trying to figure out how _________ (balance) her career and family life.
答案：to balance
翻译：她辞职并非因为疲惫，而是因为她在努力摸索如何平衡自己的事业与家庭生活。
解析：考查疑问词+不定式结构，how to balance作figure out的宾语，相当于宾语从句how she can balance...。
关联知识点：疑问词+不定式作宾语用法；not...but...并列句型；balance career and family（平衡事业与家庭）固定表达。
This art exhibition is an _________ (invite) to all visitors to feel the charm of traditional Chinese painting deeply.
答案：invitation
翻译：这场艺术展，是向所有参观者发出的一份邀约，邀请大家沉浸式感受中国传统国画的魅力。
解析：不定冠词an后接名词，动词invite变名词invitation，在句中作表语。
关联知识点：动词加-tion变名词规则；不定冠词修饰可数名词单数用法；feel the charm of（感受……魅力）固定搭配。
These limited-edition handicrafts _________ (sell) only offline, so you can’t confirm the exact style _________ you receive the package.
答案：are sold; until
翻译：这些限量版手工艺品仅在线下售卖，因此直到收到包裹，你才能确定具体款式。
解析：第一空考查一般现在时被动语态，主语与sell为被动关系；第二空考查not...until...固定句型。
关联知识点：一般现在时被动语态结构；not...until...时间状语从句；limited-edition handicrafts（限量版手工艺品）高频词汇。
Many people take group identity for granted, but _________ (adapt) to the group is a vital process of individual growth.
答案：adapting
翻译：很多人将群体归属感视作理所当然，但适应群体是个人成长的关键过程。
解析：动名词adapting作主语，表抽象动作，谓语动词用单数is。
关联知识点：动名词作主语用法；adapt to（适应）固定短语；group identity（群体归属感）话题词汇。
This old house was built by my grandfather, _________ childhood was spent in the remote countryside far away from the city.
答案：whose
翻译：这座老房子是我的祖父建造的，他的童年是在远离城市的偏远乡村度过的。
解析：先行词为grandfather，从句中childhood缺少定语，用whose引导定语从句，表所属关系。
关联知识点：whose引导定语从句用法；定语从句先行词与人相关的引导词区分；remote countryside（偏远乡村）固定表达。
The _________ (recover) of the local wetland has greatly improved the ecological environment and attracted a large number of rare birds.
答案：recovery
翻译：当地湿地的修复工作，极大改善了生态环境，也吸引了大批珍稀鸟类前来栖息。
解析：定冠词the后接名词，动词recover变名词recovery，在句中作主语。
关联知识点：动词加-y变名词规则；形容词修饰名词；wetland ecological environment（湿地生态环境）环保类词汇。
The old town is full of peaceful and warm scenes during the festival, _________ we never want to miss the wonderful moments here.
答案：so
翻译：节日里的古镇处处都是温馨静谧的景致，因此我们丝毫不想错过这里的每一个精彩瞬间。
解析：前后两句语义形成因果关系，用并列连词so连接两个独立分句。
关联知识点：并列句句子结构，前因后果；wonderful moments（美好瞬间）固定表达。
This new type of material has strong resistance _________ high temperature and wear, which is exactly _________ the research team has been dedicated to.
答案：to; what
翻译：这种新型材料具备极强的耐高温性和耐磨性，而这正是研发团队一直以来潜心研究的方向。
解析：第一空填to，构成resistance to固定搭配；第二空填what引导表语从句，在从句中作dedicated to的宾语。
关联知识点：resistance to固定短语；what引导表语从句用法；be dedicated to（致力于、潜心于）固定搭配。
The country is pushing forward a development model _________ (feature) green innovation and sustainable growth.
答案：featuring
翻译：这个国家正在推行一种以绿色创新、可持续发展为特色的发展模式。
解析：model与feature为主动关系，用过去分词featuring作后置定语，修饰development model。
关联知识点：现在分词作后置定语用法；sustainable growth（可持续发展）核心词汇。
In the Song Dynasty, scholars created a special tea art _________ is regarded as one of the most elegant cultural traditions in ancient China.
答案：which/ that
翻译：宋代文人开创了独特的茶艺文化，这被视作中国古代最雅致的文化传统之一。
解析：考查定语从句，先行词为tea art，指物，从句缺少主语，用which/that引导。
关联知识点：定语从句关系代词which/that用法；regard...as...固定短语；tea art（茶艺）传统文化词汇。
The dessert looked like a delicate flower _________ (mix) with honey and nuts, and _________ (attract) more customers, the store decorated it with edible petals.
答案：mixed; to attract
翻译：这款甜品看起来宛如一朵精致的花，混合着蜂蜜与坚果；为了吸引更多顾客，店铺用可食用花瓣对其进行装饰。
解析：第一空mixed作定语，表被动；第二空不定式to attract作目的状语。
关联知识点：过去分词作定语；不定式作目的状语；be mixed with（与……混合）固定搭配。
With the progress of technology, scientists have _________ (far) explored the unknown areas of the deep sea and made major discoveries.
答案：further
翻译：随着技术的进步，科学家们对深海未知领域展开了进一步探索，并且取得了重大发现。
解析：副词further修饰动词explored，表抽象程度上“进一步”，而非距离远近。
关联知识点：far比较级further与farther区分；副词修饰动词用法；deep sea exploration（深海探索）科技类词汇。
The researcher put the sample into a glass bottle with special powder, _________ material that can speed up the chemical reaction.
答案：a
翻译：研究员将样本放入装有特殊粉末的玻璃瓶中，这种粉末是一种能够加速化学反应的物质。
解析：空格后为可数名词单数material，表泛指，用不定冠词a。
关联知识点：不定冠词泛指用法；同位语语法功能；chemical reaction（化学反应）理科类词汇。
At the _________ (develop) of the project, the team met many technical difficulties, and the government was _________ (support) of the whole research process.
答案：development; supportive
翻译：项目研发初期，团队遭遇了诸多技术难题，而政府对整个研究过程都给予了大力支持。
解析：第一空填名词development，构成at the development of；第二空填形容词supportive，构成be supportive of固定搭配。
关联知识点：动词变名词规则；动词变形容词规则；be supportive of（支持）固定短语。语法填空 易错考点
第一组
Chinese painting, _________ is one of the oldest artistic traditions in the world, serves as a vital bridge for cultural exchange _________ enriches the global artistic landscape.
Through these exchanges, our culture is becoming better known around _________ globe.
As winter deepens and the year edges toward a close, Sichuan province’s approach to the Spring Festival reveals itself not in grand displays, _________ in quiet, everyday scenes.
Along balconies, beneath tiled eaves, and beside kitchen windows, slabs of pork begin to appear, _________ (suspend) in the cold air.
It_________ (cut) thick into even layers of fat and lean, and rubbed with salt, chili powder, and crushed Sichuan peppercorns.
The act of hanging meat beneath the eaves is both functional and symbolic — _________ visible countdown to the Chinese New Year, _________ (mark) time through transformation.
Chinese people have appreciated the beauty of lanterns for centuries. _________ a beacon (灯塔) that lights up the way home it is a custom _________ (admire) the charm of lanterns during Lantern Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, two festivals that celebrate reunion.
When we mention Chinese lanterns, it would not be complete without referring to Zigong, a city in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, often _________ (recognize) as the City of Lanterns.
The skilful hands of Zigong craftsmen have also taken this national intangible heritage abroad, _________ (stage) impressive performances of color and delight at lantern shows in more than 70 countries and regions worldwide.
At the heart of this phenomenon is the special bond between artist Li Weiyi and the wolf Green she rescued in 2010 on the Ruo’ergai grasslands, a weak newborn cub _________ mother was killed by poachers’ poisoned bait.
She brought him to Chengdu, but his wild nature conflicted _________ urban life as he grew.
Years later, according to _________ (account) from local herders, Green, now a pack leader, was seen _________ (return) the red ribbon Li used to bandage his cub’s injured paw.
This story reflects people’s desire for authentic relationships _________ China’s growing ecological consciousness.
Each team _________ (consist) of one rickshaw and one to four drivers.
The route is different, but the _________ (long) is always about 2,500 km long.
举一反三
Traditional paper-cutting, _________ has been passed down for thousands of years, shows the wisdom of ancient Chinese people _________ carries rich cultural connotations.
Through cultural promotion, ancient Chinese calligraphy has gained great popularity around _________ world in recent years.
The charm of ancient poetry lies not in complicated words, _________ in the sincere emotions hidden behind the lines.
On the streets of ancient towns, red lanterns can be seen everywhere, _________ (hang) on the gates of old houses.
This handmade soap _________ (make) with natural plants and essential oils, and loved by many consumers.
Reading ancient books is meaningful — _________ journey to explore traditional Chinese culture, _________ (open) a door to history for readers.
_________ wonderful culture traditional Chinese opera has! It is a common choice _________ (relax) ourselves by watching operas in spare time.
When talking about Chinese tea culture, we have to mention Hangzhou, a city _________ (know) for its long-standing tea planting history.
Many folk artists have brought local folk arts abroad, _________ (show) the charm of Chinese folk culture to the whole world.
We still remember the little girl _________ story touched millions of people and spread positive energy online.
His casual words conflicted _________ his actual actions, making people doubt his honesty.
According to _________ (record) in ancient books, this custom originated in the Tang Dynasty, and was seen _________ (spread) all over the country then.
This activity can strengthen people’s national pride _________ promote the inheritance of traditional culture.
Every group _________ (consist) of five members and works together to finish the challenging task.
The height of the tower is over 300 meters, and its _________ (wide) at the bottom is nearly 50 meters.
第二组
A few days before the race, _________ participants don’t know how to drive a rickshaw, they will receive a crash course _________ (make) sure they can control it during the race.
Not because they’re disturbed, but because they’re exploring how _________ (hold) conflicting emotions and still feel okay.
Labubu is an _________ (invite) to master the strange.
Let’s add in another piece of the puzzle: blind boxes. Labubu dolls _________ (sell) in sealed packages, so you don’t know which version you’ll get _________ you open it.
We talk about peer pressure like it’s always harmful, but the truth is, _________ (fit) in is a developmental milestone.
“The land was considered worthless. Fellow farmers rented it to me for only 50 yuan per mu.” said Li Dianquan, a local farmer _________ family has farmed this land for generations.
The gradual _________ (withdraw) of seawater over time left behind salt deposits (沉积物) which have created 227.330 hectares of saline-alkaline land.
“In the autumn harvest season, Shandong’s landscape is a colorful palette (调色板),__________ the last color we want to see is the white of saline-alkaline land,”said Wang Jingdong, an official of the Department of Agriculture.
This year farmers started planting a new strain of wheat, which has resistance_________pests and diseases — exactly_________years of scientific research has aimed for.
Shandong is exploring a path _________ (characterize) by ecological prioritization and technological support.
In ancient China, nobles enjoyed a special cold food known as Sushan, _________ many scholars regard as the earliest form of ice cream.
It looked like a small mountain of shaved ice _________ (combine) with milk, butter and sugar, and _________ (make) it more popular on special occasions, it was sometimes decorated with flowers and leaves.
During the Tang Dynasty, the emperor’s court _________ (far) developed this dessert.
Metal containers holding the mixture were often placed in ice with saltpeter (硝石), _________ substance that lowers the freezing point of water.
At the _________ (begin) of the design work, Huang and his colleagues had no prior knowledge in that field, and since other countries were extremely _________ (protect) of such technologies, they had very few technical reference materials.
举一反三
说明：本部分均为长难句语法填空，贴合原题考点，侧重复合句、非谓语动词、词性转换、从句引导词等核心考点，难度适配进阶学习，每道题配套答案、翻译、解析及完整知识点。
Before the national competition, _________ the contestants lack professional training, the organizer will arrange intensive classes _________ (improve) their overall skills comprehensively.
She didn’t quit her job because she was tired, but because she was trying to figure out how _________ (balance) her career and family life.
This art exhibition is an _________ (invite) to all visitors to feel the charm of traditional Chinese painting deeply.
These limited-edition handicrafts _________ (sell) only offline, so you can’t confirm the exact style _________ you receive the package.
Many people take group identity for granted, but _________ (adapt) to the group is a vital process of individual growth.
This old house was built by my grandfather, _________ childhood was spent in the remote countryside far away from the city.
The _________ (recover) of the local wetland has greatly improved the ecological environment and attracted a large number of rare birds.
The old town is full of peaceful and warm scenes during the festival, _________ we never want to miss the wonderful moments here.
This new type of material has strong resistance _________ high temperature and wear, which is exactly _________ the research team has been dedicated to.
The country is pushing forward a development model _________ (feature) green innovation and sustainable growth.
In the Song Dynasty, scholars created a special tea art _________ is regarded as one of the most elegant cultural traditions in ancient China.
The dessert looked like a delicate flower _________ (mix) with honey and nuts, and _________ (attract) more customers, the store decorated it with edible petals.
With the progress of technology, scientists have _________ (far) explored the unknown areas of the deep sea and made major discoveries.
The researcher put the sample into a glass bottle with special powder, _________ material that can speed up the chemical reaction.
At the _________ (develop) of the project, the team met many technical difficulties, and the government was _________ (support) of the whole research process.

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