资源简介

Mankind desires to explore the universe in the hope of knowing more about it.As a result,many satellites have been launched,orbiting around Earth.Astronauts have been sent into space by spacecraft and carried on spacewalks.They do experiments on board,collecting sufficient data.Meanwhile,some data can be transmitted to Earth.However,as a result of limited resources,there are still many mysteries in the universe.In closing,people should attach importance to the exploration of space to figure out unknown problems.
Part 1　核心考点突破
阅读单词
1.astronaut　　　　 n.宇航员;太空人
2.high-end n.高端的
3.rocket n.火箭;火箭弹
4.radiation n.辐射,放射线
5.satellite n.人造卫星;卫星
6.galaxy n.星系
7.orbit n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道;势力范围
vt.& vi.沿轨道运行;环绕……运行
8.cosmic adj.宇宙的
9.mankind n.人类
10.microscope n.显微镜
11.data n.[pl.] 资料;数据
12.shuttle n.航天飞机
13.spacecraft n.航天器;宇宙飞船
14.spacewalk n.太空行走;太空行走的时间
15.ceiling n.天花板;上限
16.module n.舱;组件;模块
17.maintenance n.维护,保养;维持
核心单词
1.procedure　　　　 n.程序;步骤;手续
2.exploit vt.开发;利用
3.launch vt.& n.发射;发起;上市
4.discipline vt.严格要求(自己);惩罚
n.训练;纪律
5.desire n.渴望;欲望
vt.渴望;期望
6.leisure n.闲暇,空闲
7.recycle vt.回收利用;再利用
8.astronomer n.天文学家
9.otherwise adv.否则;要不然
10.tale n.故事;讲述;叙述
运用词汇
1.mental adj.精神的;思想的→mentally adv.精神上;智力上;思想上
2.origin n.起源,起因;出身→original adj.起初的;原来的;首创的 n.原件→originally adv.起初;原来;独创地
3.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的→determine vt.查明;确定;决定→ determination n.决心;决定;确定
4.incredible adj.不可思议的,难以置信的→incredibly adv.极其;难以置信地
5.disappointment n.失望;沮丧→disappoint vt.使失望;使沮丧→disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的;令人沮丧的
6.occupy vt.占据;占用;使忙于→occupied adj.有人使用的;忙于……的→occupation n.占领;职业
7.independently adv.独立地;自立地→independent adj.独立的;自立的→independence n.独立;自主→depend vi.依靠
8.cover n.覆盖物;封面 v.覆盖;遮盖→coverage n.新闻报道;覆盖范围
9.lack n.缺乏;短缺 vt.没有;缺乏→lacking adj.短缺的;不足的
10.calculate vt.计算,核算→calculation n.计算→calculator n.计算器
重点词块
1.look up　　　　　　　　　 仰望;查阅
2.be bound to 必定,一定会
3.succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
4.be buried in 埋头于/专心于……
5.on board 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上
6.protect...from... 保护……不受……
7.go wrong 出故障
8.at a speed of 以……的速度
9.carry on 继续做;坚持干
e into being 形成;产生
11.in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望
12.set foot on 踏上,登上
13.figure out 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白
重点句型
1.莉莉总是最后一个离开教室。(动词不定式作后置定语)
Lily is always the last one to leave the classroom.
2.那是因为他没有遵守规则。(because引导表语从句)
That was because he didn’t follow the rules.
3.赢得比赛的那个女孩是我妹妹。(定语从句)
The girl who/that won the competition is my sister.
[教师备用]
答案:1.vehicles　2.achievements　3.determination　4.progress　5.future
(　　)1.What can be inferred from Neil Armstrong’s words
A.Neil Armstrong has made unbelievable achievements.
B.It is easy for him to step onto the surface of the moon.
C.Human beings have made a great breakthrough in history.
D.In exploring space,the US achieved more than the USSR.
(　　)2.How is Paragraph 2 organised
A.By giving examples. B.By comparison.
C.By listing numbers. D.By telling a story.
(　　)3.What does the passage mainly talk about
A.The history and future of space exploration.
B.The accidents in space exploration.
C.The importance of space exploration.
D.The vehicles used in space exploration.
答案:1.C　2.A　3.A
1.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的
determine vt.查明;确定;决定
determination n.决心;决定;确定
Determined to study hard,he dug a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbour to read at night.
他决心努力学习,在墙上挖了一个洞,从邻居家“偷”光以便晚上读书。
He was determined to build a new life out of the ruins of his career.
他决心从事业失败中爬起来,重新开始新的生活。
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are —but what they do know has raised concerns.
科学家们仍在努力确定微塑料的危害程度,但他们目前所掌握的情况已经引发担忧。
·be determined (not) to do sth 决心(不)做某事(表示状态) be determined that...决心…… ·determine to do sth 决定做某事(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事 ·with determination 坚决地;果断地
(1)句子语法填空
①We determined 　　　　 (work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
②He has determined 　　　　 working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
③The 　　 　　 (determine) look in their eyes told us that nothing could make them change their minds.
(2)完成句子
④桑德拉决心成为一名医生,并且她的坚持不懈得到了回报。
Sandra 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and her persistence paid off.
⑤正是那种勇气和决心使他成为这样一个非凡的人物。
It’s 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that makes him such a remarkable character.
答案:(1)①to work　②on/upon　③determined
(2)④was determined to become a doctor　⑤that kind of courage and determination
I am determined to pursue my dreams,no matter how difficult they may seem.I have determined on a path that leads to success,and I will not give up.My determination is unshakable,and I am determined that I will achieve my goals.
我决心追求我的梦想,不管它们看起来有多困难。我已决心走上一条通往成功的道路,我不会放弃。我的决心是不可动摇的,我决心要实现我的目标。
2.disappointment n.失望;沮丧
disappoint vt.使失望;使沮丧
disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的
disappointing adj.令人失望的;令人沮丧的
As the twins looked around them in disappointment,their father appeared.
当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时,他们的父亲出现了。
To her disappointment,her best friend didn’t come to her birthday party.
令她失望的是,她最好的朋友没有参加她的生日派对。
·to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 in disappointment失望地 ·be disappointed at/with/by sth对某事感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb对某人感到失望 be disappointed to do sth对做某事感到失望 be disappointed that...对……感到失望
(1)一句多译
令他们失望的是,他们第一次尝试就没能做好母亲节的早餐。
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(介词短语作状语)
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was that they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(what引导主语从句)
③They failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(非限制性定语从句)
(2)翻译句子
④我们失望地发现博物馆关门了。


⑤汤姆没来,她无法掩饰失望之情。


答案:(1)①To their disappointment　②What made them disappointed/What disappointed them　③which made them disappointed/which disappointed them　(2)④We were deeply disappointed to find that the museum was closed.　⑤She couldn’t hide her disappointment when Tom didn’t turn up.
3.desire n.渴望;欲望
vt.渴望;期望
Since you have a strong desire to learn Chinese,I recommend this book to you.
既然你渴望学习中文,我向你推荐这本书。
Everyone has a desire for success.However,not everyone has the courage and determination to pursue it.
每个人都渴望成功。然而,并不是每个人都有勇气和决心去追求它。
The teacher desired that all the exercises (should) be handed in before school was over.
老师要求在放学前把所有的习题册都交上来。
·have a desire ·desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth想让某人做某事 desire that...(should) do...渴望/要求……
①desire不用于进行时态,后接宾语从句时,宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。另外,含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。
②desire作动词时,后只可接不定式,不可接动名词。
③和desire一样,接名词性从句时,从句谓语动词用“(should) do”形式的动词有:“坚持”(insist),“命令”(order、command),“建议”(suggest、propose、advise),“要求”(demand、require、request、desire)。
(1)句子语法填空
①The determined girl has a strong desire 　　　　 knowledge.
②Mike desired 　　　　(find) a job in this city and settled there.
(2)完成句子
③得知你极其渴望学好汉语,我想给你一些建议。
Knowing 　　　　　　　　　,I’d like to offer you some suggestions.
④失望的双胞胎想要他们的父亲告诉他们如何做三明治,父亲乐意地点了点头。
The disappointed twins 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 how to make sandwiches,and their father nodded willingly.
答案:(1)①for　②to find　(2)③you have a strong desire to learn Chinese well　④desired their father to tell them
My son desires that he should be admitted to that famous university.Besides,he has a strong desire to major in maths while I desire him to study engineering.
我的儿子渴望被那所著名的大学录取。此外,他渴望主修数学,而我想让他学工程学。
4.signal vt.& vi.标志着;标明;发信号
n.信号;标志
The police signalled the traffic to move forward slowly.
警察示意车辆缓慢前行。
As soon as he sat down at the table,he signalled to the waiter to bring the menu.
他一在桌旁坐下,就示意服务员把菜单拿来。
When I put my finger to my lips,it’s a signal for you to be quiet.
我把手指放在嘴唇上,这是让你们安静的信号。
·signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 signal (to sb) that...示意(某人)…… ·a signal for sb to do sth指示某人做某事的信号
①signal一般指信号、暗号;
②sign一般指一种具有固定意义的、简明的符号或标志,意为手势、迹象、标志等;
③mark指在其他事物上留下的清晰可见的印痕或先天固有的标记、记号等;
④symbol指作为象征或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物。
(1)一词多义:写出下列句中signal的汉语释义
①Timoteo has an unusual job—he is a human traffic signal.　　　　　　　
②This was a signal for him to continue.　　　　　　　
③Mandy started after him,signalling to Jesse to follow.　　　　　　　
④This announcement signalled a clear change of policy.　　　　　　　
(2)完成句子
⑤正月十五是元宵节,标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。
The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the Spring Festival celebrations.
⑥我跑到车旁,拉住他的胳膊,示意他跟我走。
I ran up to the car,took him by the arm and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
答案:(1)①标志　②信号　③示意　④标志着
(2)⑤signalling the end of　⑥signalled(to) him to follow me
5.lack n.缺乏;短缺
vt.没有;缺乏
lacking adj.短缺的;不足的
(2024·浙江1月卷) Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies...
由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据,没有人成功赢得对人工降雨公司的诉讼……
(2024·浙江1月卷) The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。
·lack sth缺少某物 ·(a) lack of...缺乏…… for/through lack of...因缺乏…… have no lack of...不缺乏…… ·be lacking in...缺乏/缺少……
　　lack作名词时常与介词of连用;作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态),也可用作不及物动词;形容词lacking常与介词in连用。
(1)句子语法填空
①　　　　(lack) sufficient oxygen,the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.
②I must work hard in the hope of making up for 　　　　 lack of ability.
(2)一句多译
由于缺乏自信和经验,他完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lack n.)
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lack vt.)
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lacking adj.)
答案:(1)①Lacking　②a　(2)③For lack of confidence and experience　④Lacking
confidence and experience　⑤Lacking in confidence and experience
　“This/That/It is because...”句型
From space,Earth looks blue.This is because about 71% of its surface is covered by water.
从太空中看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约71%都被水覆盖着。
Tom has to stay at home.That is because he has a bad cold.
汤姆不得不待在家里,那是因为他得了重感冒。
Sorry,I can’t attend the meeting.It is because I will go home to spend the Mid-Autumn Festival with my parents.
对不起,我不能参加会议。这是因为我将回家和父母一起过中秋节。
①“This/That/It is because...”意为“这/那是因为……”,其中because引导表语从句,从句表示原因。
②“This/That/It is why...”意为“这/那就是……的原因”,其中why引导表语从句,从句表示结果。
③“The reason why...is that...”意为“……的原因是……”,其中why引导定语从句,并在从句中作状语。that引导表语从句,从句表示原因。
④“The reason that/which...is that...”意为“……的原因是……”,其中that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语或宾语,第二个that引导表语从句,从句表示原因。
(1)句型转换
Peter was late for the class because he was stuck in a traffic jam.
①Peter was late for the class and 　　　　　　　　　　 he was stuck in a traffic jam.
②Peter was stuck in a traffic jam and 　　　　　　　　　　he was late for the class.
③ 　　　　　　　　　　 Peter was late for the class 　　　　　　　　 he was stuck in a traffic jam.
(2)翻译句子
④简今天不想去野餐的原因是天气不佳。
⑤这就是他缺席比赛的原因。
答案:(1)①that/it was because　②that/it was why　③The reason why;was that
(2)④The reason why Jane wouldn’t like to go on a picnic today is that the weather is not good.　⑤This is why he was absent from the competition.
人物心理描写(悲伤、沮丧、绝望)
1.sorrowful 伤心的
2.broken-hearted 极其伤心的
3.depressed/frustrated沮丧的
4.hang the head 耷拉着头
5.be overcome with sorrow 悲痛欲绝
6.have tears in one’s eyes眼里噙着泪
7.burst into tears/burst out crying突然大哭起来
8.hang/drop/lower/bend/bow one’s head in sadness 伤心地低下头
9.tears roll/run/stream/flow down sb’s cheeks眼泪顺着脸颊滑落
10.sob/weep with one’s face hidden in one’s hands 掩面啜泣
1.Her eyes are flooded with tears.
她的眼里充满泪水。
2.She suddenly became broken-hearted when asked about her parents.
当被问起父母时,她突然变得极其伤心。
3.Maria burst into tears when she heard the bad news.
玛丽亚听到这个坏消息时,突然大哭起来。
4.Upon hearing the bad news,her heart ached,tears streaming down her cheeks.
她一听到这个坏消息,就心痛得直流眼泪。
5.When he heard the disappointing news,tears of sadness welled up in his eyes.
当他听到这个令人沮丧的消息时,他的眼里涌出了悲伤的泪水。
6.Even today,I would be overcome with sorrow whenever I think of the dog.
直到今天,我一想到那只狗,还会悲痛欲绝。
1.当我听到这个消息时,我心碎了。泪水涌上了我的眼睛,我开始掩面哭泣。然而,我知道我必须坚强起来,继续前进。
2.他坐在那里,沉默而悲伤。当他悲伤地低下头时,眼泪顺着脸颊滑落下来。世界在他身边转动,而他却陷在自己的悲伤中。
答案:1.I was broken-hearted when I heard the news.Tears welled up in my eyes,and I started weeping with my face hidden in my hands.However,I knew I had to be strong and move on.
2.He sat there,silent and sad.As he bowed his head in sadness,tears flowed down his cheeks.The world kept moving around him,while he was stuck in his own pool of sorrow.
课文二次开发利用
[教师备用]
课文语法填空
　　For years,people have always wanted to learn more about the universe.However,it was not until the mid-20th century 1.　　　 　 travelling into space became a reality.On 4 October 1957,USSR launched the Sputnik 1 satellite into space.On 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin from Russia became the first person in the world 2.　　　　(enter) space.On 20 July 1969,Neil Armstrong from America stepped onto the moon.Following this,many more goals 3.　　　　 (achieve).Although some disasters made everyone sad and 4.　　　　 (disappoint),people never give 5.　　　　 the desire to explore the universe.
China’s space programme has made great progress in recent years.China became the third country in the world to 6.　　　　 (independent) send humans into space in 2003,7.　　　　 Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.Later,Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk,followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.In 2022,the launch of the Mengtian module8.　　　　(signal) the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct lots of significant 9.　　　　 (experiment),greatly 10.　　　　 (further) our understanding of the universe.
The future of space exploration remains bright.
答案:1.that　2.to enter　3.were achieved　4.disappointed　5.up　6.independently　7.when　8.signalled　9.experiments　10.furthering
语法专项指导
动词不定式作定语和状语
一、动词不定式作定语
1.动词不定式作定语,常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语,表示尚未发生的动作。
Let us give him something to eat.
让我们给他一些吃的东西。
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Additionally,from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class...
而且,我会不时地布置一些在课堂上完成的小组作业……
2.当中心词为序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next、the only等修饰时,常用动词不定式作后置定语。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。
The only way to conquer a fear is to face it.
克服恐惧的唯一方法是面对恐惧。
3.抽象名词plan、attempt、ability、chance、desire、determination、decision、way等后,常用动词不定式作后置定语。
Tom has the ability and desire to do challenging work.
汤姆有能力和愿望去做有挑战性的工作。
4.当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。
She is a nice person to work with.
她是一个很好的合作伙伴。
5.当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。
We must find a person to do the job.
我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。
6.当名词与定语之间存在同位关系时。
My desire to carry on with the experiment has failed.
我继续做实验的愿望没能实现。
①不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后需要加相应的介词。
He has no pen to write with.
他没有钢笔写字。
②不定式作定语时,如果句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,不定式使用主动形式表示被动含义。试比较下列例句。
Have you got anything to buy
你有什么东西要买吗 (不定式to buy的动作执行者是you)
Have you got anything to be bought
你有什么要(我或别人)买的吗 (不定式to be bought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”,因此只能用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语)
句子语法填空
①It is recognised that he is the best man 　　　　(complete) the task.
②Thanks to your encouragement,I finally got the courage 　　　　(face) all the challenges.
③The system has the ability 　　　　(run) more than one programme at the same time.
④Could you tell me an effective way 　　　　(learn) English well
答案:①to complete　②to face　③to run　④to learn
二、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式在句中作状语,主要用来修饰动词和形容词,也可用来修饰副词。在句中,不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等,可表示目的、原因、结果等。
1.作目的状语,置于句首或句中,置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气,常与in order或so as 组成短语。
A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。
(1)置于句首时只用to do/in order to do。表示否定时,用 in order not to do 或 so as not to do形式。
I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby.
我轻轻地走路,以免打扰到这个婴儿。
(2)不定式作目的状语可转换为 so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句。
He worked very hard to pass the exam.
→He worked very hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam.
他非常努力以便能通过考试。
2.作原因状语,常置于一些形容词或过去分词后,来说明产生某种情感的原因。这类词常见的有happy、glad、fortunate、ashamed、surprised、sorry、delighted、disappointed、annoyed、proud等。
When Anna opened her wallet,she was surprised to find nothing.
安娜打开钱包时,惊讶地发现里面什么也没有。
They are proud to have realised their dreams.
他们为实现了梦想而自豪。
3.作结果状语,多见于“too...to do...”“...enough to do”“only to do(表示意料之外的结果的发生)”“so/such...as to do...(意为“如此……以至于……”)”结构中。
I’m too tired to do well.
我太累了做不好。
The wind is strong enough to move the sand dunes.
风力大到能移动沙丘。
He rushed back,only to find the book missing.
他冲了回来,却发现书不见了。
We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests.
我们有如此充裕的食物来招待我们的客人。
　　注意动词不定式与现在分词作结果状语的区别。
①动词不定式作结果状语,强调的是一种意想不到的结果,通常与only搭配。
Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only to find it didn’t fit.
她急切地从包里拿出那件衣服试穿,却发现不合身。
②现在分词作结果状语,强调的是一种顺承的、自然而然的结果。
The snow lasted a week,resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
雪下了一星期,给整个地区造成严重的交通混乱。
4.独立动词不定式多用作插入语,表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。
To begin with,she spoke too quickly,I couldn’t understand most of the words she said.
首先,她说得太快,我听不懂她所说的大部分内容。
句子语法填空
①　　　　(learn) a language well,you must make efforts.
②I’m more than delighted 　　　　(know) that you are coming to our school to take part in the Chinese Culture Week.
③The traveller looked up suddenly 　　　　(find) a monkey in the tree.
④　　　　(tell) the truth,I don’t like the colour at all.
答案:①To learn　②to know　③to find　④To tell
1.(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Growing up,my family and our neighbours never used clotheslines to dry clothing,denying me the chance 　　　　 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
2.(2025·浙江1月卷)　　　　(speed) up the process,please make sure the information you submit through the ILL Request Form is accurate.
3.(2025·浙江1月卷)It really messed up my relationship with food—something that took me years 　　　　(overcome).
4.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)...visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 　　　　(find) the connection between the two great writers.
5.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)That means you have tons of less-visited options 　　　　 (choose) from.
答案及剖析:
1.to discover　考查动词不定式。chance是名词,其后用动词不定式作后置定语,the chance to do sth表示“做某事的机会”。故填to discover。
2.To speed　考查动词不定式。根据句意可知,此处表目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填To speed。
3.to overcome　考查动词不定式。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to overcome。
4.to find　考查动词不定式。非谓语动词作形容词amazed后的原因状语,用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
5.to choose　考查动词不定式。options是名词,其后常用动词不定式作后置定语。to choose from的意思是“从中选择”。故填to choose。
句子语法填空
1.We climbed to the top of the tower 　　　　(get) a better view of the area.
2.What is the way Mary thought of 　　　　(deal) with the problem
3.I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train 　　　　(catch).
4.Our English teacher has many ways 　　　　(make) her classes interesting.
5.　　　　(catch) the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
6.　　　　 (help) the students to learn Chinese well,our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.
7.They came to the restaurant after work,only 　　　　 (find) that it was being decorated.
8.As a matter of fact,they were very surprised 　　　　 (get) the news.
9.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online 　　　　(save) their time.
10.He was the last one 　　　　(hand) in the assignment yesterday.
11.A study shows that by the age of three,most children have the great potential 　　　　(understand) many words.
12.The airport 　　　　 (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
13.What do you think we can do 　　　　(comfort) her
14.Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one 　　　　(repair) first is the library.
15.My friend told me he had a lot of readings 　　　　 (complete) before the end of the term.
答案:1.to get　2.to deal　3.to catch　4.to make　5.To catch　6.To help　7.to find　8.to get　9.to save　10.to hand　11.to understand　12.to be completed　13.to comfort　14.to be repaired 15.to completeMankind desires to explore the universe in the hope of knowing more about it.As a result,many satellites have been launched,orbiting around Earth.Astronauts have been sent into space by spacecraft and carried on spacewalks.They do experiments on board,collecting sufficient data.Meanwhile,some data can be transmitted to Earth.However,as a result of limited resources,there are still many mysteries in the universe.In closing,people should attach importance to the exploration of space to figure out unknown problems.
Part 1　核心考点突破
阅读单词
1.astronaut　　　　 n.
2.high-end n.
3.rocket n.
4.radiation n.
5.satellite n.
6.galaxy n.
7.orbit n.
vt.& vi.
8.cosmic adj.
9.mankind n.
10.microscope n.
11.data n.[pl.]
12.shuttle n.
13.spacecraft n.
14.spacewalk n.
15.ceiling n.
16.module n.
17.maintenance n.
核心单词
1. 　　　　 n.程序;步骤;手续
2. vt.开发;利用
3. vt.& n.发射;发起;上市
4. vt.严格要求(自己);惩罚
n.训练;纪律
5. n.渴望;欲望
vt.渴望;期望
6. n.闲暇,空闲
7. vt.回收利用;再利用
8. n.天文学家
9. adv.否则;要不然
10. n.故事;讲述;叙述
运用词汇
1.mental adj.精神的;思想的→ adv.精神上;智力上;思想上
2.origin n.起源,起因;出身→ adj.起初的;原来的;首创的 n.原件→ adv.起初;原来;独创地
3.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的→ vt.查明;确定;决定→ n.决心;决定;确定
4.incredible adj.不可思议的,难以置信的→ adv.极其;难以置信地
5.disappointment n.失望;沮丧→ vt.使失望;使沮丧→ adj.失望的;沮丧的→ adj.令人失望的;令人沮丧的
6.occupy vt.占据;占用;使忙于→ adj.有人使用的;忙于……的→ n.占领;职业
7.independently adv.独立地;自立地→ adj.独立的;自立的→ n.独立;自主→ vi.依靠
8.cover n.覆盖物;封面 v.覆盖;遮盖→ n.新闻报道;覆盖范围
9.lack n.缺乏;短缺 vt.没有;缺乏→ adj.短缺的;不足的
10.calculate vt.计算,核算→ n.计算→ n.计算器
重点词块
1. 　　　　　　　　　 仰望;查阅
2. 必定,一定会
3. 成功做某事
4. 埋头于/专心于……
5. 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上
6. 保护……不受……
7. 出故障
8. 以……的速度
9. 继续做;坚持干
10. 形成;产生
11. 抱着……的希望
12. 踏上,登上
13. 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白
重点句型
1.莉莉总是最后一个离开教室。(动词不定式作后置定语)
Lily is always the last one .
2.那是因为他没有遵守规则。(because引导表语从句)
That was .
3.赢得比赛的那个女孩是我妹妹。(定语从句)
The girl is my sister.
[教师备用]
(　　)1.What can be inferred from Neil Armstrong’s words
A.Neil Armstrong has made unbelievable achievements.
B.It is easy for him to step onto the surface of the moon.
C.Human beings have made a great breakthrough in history.
D.In exploring space,the US achieved more than the USSR.
(　　)2.How is Paragraph 2 organised
A.By giving examples. B.By comparison.
C.By listing numbers. D.By telling a story.
(　　)3.What does the passage mainly talk about
A.The history and future of space exploration.
B.The accidents in space exploration.
C.The importance of space exploration.
D.The vehicles used in space exploration.
1.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的
determine vt.查明;确定;决定
determination n.决心;决定;确定
Determined to study hard,he dug a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbour to read at night.
他决心努力学习,在墙上挖了一个洞,从邻居家“偷”光以便晚上读书。
He was determined to build a new life out of the ruins of his career.
他决心从事业失败中爬起来,重新开始新的生活。
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are —but what they do know has raised concerns.
科学家们仍在努力确定微塑料的危害程度,但他们目前所掌握的情况已经引发担忧。
·be determined (not) to do sth 决心(不)做某事(表示状态) be determined that...决心…… ·determine to do sth 决定做某事(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事 ·with determination 坚决地;果断地
(1)句子语法填空
①We determined (work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
②He has determined working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
③The (determine) look in their eyes told us that nothing could make them change their minds.
(2)完成句子
④桑德拉决心成为一名医生,并且她的坚持不懈得到了回报。
Sandra and her persistence paid off.
⑤正是那种勇气和决心使他成为这样一个非凡的人物。
It’s that makes him such a remarkable character.
I am determined to pursue my dreams,no matter how difficult they may seem.I have determined on a path that leads to success,and I will not give up.My determination is unshakable,and I am determined that I will achieve my goals.
我决心追求我的梦想,不管它们看起来有多困难。我已决心走上一条通往成功的道路,我不会放弃。我的决心是不可动摇的,我决心要实现我的目标。
2.disappointment n.失望;沮丧
disappoint vt.使失望;使沮丧
disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的
disappointing adj.令人失望的;令人沮丧的
As the twins looked around them in disappointment,their father appeared.
当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时,他们的父亲出现了。
To her disappointment,her best friend didn’t come to her birthday party.
令她失望的是,她最好的朋友没有参加她的生日派对。
·to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 in disappointment失望地 ·be disappointed at/with/by sth对某事感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb对某人感到失望 be disappointed to do sth对做某事感到失望 be disappointed that...对……感到失望
(1)一句多译
令他们失望的是,他们第一次尝试就没能做好母亲节的早餐。
① ,they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(介词短语作状语)
② was that they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(what引导主语从句)
③They failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt, .(非限制性定语从句)
(2)翻译句子
④我们失望地发现博物馆关门了。


⑤汤姆没来,她无法掩饰失望之情。


3.desire n.渴望;欲望
vt.渴望;期望
Since you have a strong desire to learn Chinese,I recommend this book to you.
既然你渴望学习中文,我向你推荐这本书。
Everyone has a desire for success.However,not everyone has the courage and determination to pursue it.
每个人都渴望成功。然而,并不是每个人都有勇气和决心去追求它。
The teacher desired that all the exercises (should) be handed in before school was over.
老师要求在放学前把所有的习题册都交上来。
·have a desire ·desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth想让某人做某事 desire that...(should) do...渴望/要求……
①desire不用于进行时态,后接宾语从句时,宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。另外,含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。
②desire作动词时,后只可接不定式,不可接动名词。
③和desire一样,接名词性从句时,从句谓语动词用“(should) do”形式的动词有:“坚持”(insist),“命令”(order、command),“建议”(suggest、propose、advise),“要求”(demand、require、request、desire)。
(1)句子语法填空
①The determined girl has a strong desire knowledge.
②Mike desired (find) a job in this city and settled there.
(2)完成句子
③得知你极其渴望学好汉语,我想给你一些建议。
Knowing ,I’d like to offer you some suggestions.
④失望的双胞胎想要他们的父亲告诉他们如何做三明治,父亲乐意地点了点头。
The disappointed twins how to make sandwiches,and their father nodded willingly.
My son desires that he should be admitted to that famous university.Besides,he has a strong desire to major in maths while I desire him to study engineering.
我的儿子渴望被那所著名的大学录取。此外,他渴望主修数学,而我想让他学工程学。
4.signal vt.& vi.标志着;标明;发信号
n.信号;标志
The police signalled the traffic to move forward slowly.
警察示意车辆缓慢前行。
As soon as he sat down at the table,he signalled to the waiter to bring the menu.
他一在桌旁坐下,就示意服务员把菜单拿来。
When I put my finger to my lips,it’s a signal for you to be quiet.
我把手指放在嘴唇上,这是让你们安静的信号。
·signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 signal (to sb) that...示意(某人)…… ·a signal for sb to do sth指示某人做某事的信号
①signal一般指信号、暗号;
②sign一般指一种具有固定意义的、简明的符号或标志,意为手势、迹象、标志等;
③mark指在其他事物上留下的清晰可见的印痕或先天固有的标记、记号等;
④symbol指作为象征或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物。
(1)一词多义:写出下列句中signal的汉语释义
①Timoteo has an unusual job—he is a human traffic signal.
②This was a signal for him to continue.
③Mandy started after him,signalling to Jesse to follow.
④This announcement signalled a clear change of policy.
(2)完成句子
⑤正月十五是元宵节,标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。
The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, the Spring Festival celebrations.
⑥我跑到车旁,拉住他的胳膊,示意他跟我走。
I ran up to the car,took him by the arm and .
5.lack n.缺乏;短缺
vt.没有;缺乏
lacking adj.短缺的;不足的
(2024·浙江1月卷) Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies...
由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据,没有人成功赢得对人工降雨公司的诉讼……
(2024·浙江1月卷) The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。
·lack sth缺少某物 ·(a) lack of...缺乏…… for/through lack of...因缺乏…… have no lack of...不缺乏…… ·be lacking in...缺乏/缺少……
　　lack作名词时常与介词of连用;作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态),也可用作不及物动词;形容词lacking常与介词in连用。
(1)句子语法填空
① (lack) sufficient oxygen,the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.
②I must work hard in the hope of making up for lack of ability.
(2)一句多译
由于缺乏自信和经验,他完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。
③ ,he was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lack n.)
④ ,he was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lack vt.)
⑤ ,he was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lacking adj.)
　“This/That/It is because...”句型
From space,Earth looks blue.This is because about 71% of its surface is covered by water.
从太空中看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约71%都被水覆盖着。
Tom has to stay at home.That is because he has a bad cold.
汤姆不得不待在家里,那是因为他得了重感冒。
Sorry,I can’t attend the meeting.It is because I will go home to spend the Mid-Autumn Festival with my parents.
对不起,我不能参加会议。这是因为我将回家和父母一起过中秋节。
①“This/That/It is because...”意为“这/那是因为……”,其中because引导表语从句,从句表示原因。
②“This/That/It is why...”意为“这/那就是……的原因”,其中why引导表语从句,从句表示结果。
③“The reason why...is that...”意为“……的原因是……”,其中why引导定语从句,并在从句中作状语。that引导表语从句,从句表示原因。
④“The reason that/which...is that...”意为“……的原因是……”,其中that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语或宾语,第二个that引导表语从句,从句表示原因。
(1)句型转换
Peter was late for the class because he was stuck in a traffic jam.
①Peter was late for the class and he was stuck in a traffic jam.
②Peter was stuck in a traffic jam and he was late for the class.
③ Peter was late for the class he was stuck in a traffic jam.
(2)翻译句子
④简今天不想去野餐的原因是天气不佳。
⑤这就是他缺席比赛的原因。
人物心理描写(悲伤、沮丧、绝望)
1.sorrowful 伤心的
2.broken-hearted 极其伤心的
3.depressed/frustrated沮丧的
4.hang the head 耷拉着头
5.be overcome with sorrow 悲痛欲绝
6.have tears in one’s eyes眼里噙着泪
7.burst into tears/burst out crying突然大哭起来
8.hang/drop/lower/bend/bow one’s head in sadness 伤心地低下头
9.tears roll/run/stream/flow down sb’s cheeks眼泪顺着脸颊滑落
10.sob/weep with one’s face hidden in one’s hands 掩面啜泣
1.Her eyes are flooded with tears.
她的眼里充满泪水。
2.She suddenly became broken-hearted when asked about her parents.
当被问起父母时,她突然变得极其伤心。
3.Maria burst into tears when she heard the bad news.
玛丽亚听到这个坏消息时,突然大哭起来。
4.Upon hearing the bad news,her heart ached,tears streaming down her cheeks.
她一听到这个坏消息,就心痛得直流眼泪。
5.When he heard the disappointing news,tears of sadness welled up in his eyes.
当他听到这个令人沮丧的消息时,他的眼里涌出了悲伤的泪水。
6.Even today,I would be overcome with sorrow whenever I think of the dog.
直到今天,我一想到那只狗,还会悲痛欲绝。
1.当我听到这个消息时,我心碎了。泪水涌上了我的眼睛,我开始掩面哭泣。然而,我知道我必须坚强起来,继续前进。
2.他坐在那里,沉默而悲伤。当他悲伤地低下头时,眼泪顺着脸颊滑落下来。世界在他身边转动,而他却陷在自己的悲伤中。
课文二次开发利用
[教师备用]
课文语法填空
　　For years,people have always wanted to learn more about the universe.However,it was not until the mid-20th century 1. travelling into space became a reality.On 4 October 1957,USSR launched the Sputnik 1 satellite into space.On 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin from Russia became the first person in the world 2. (enter) space.On 20 July 1969,Neil Armstrong from America stepped onto the moon.Following this,many more goals 3. (achieve).Although some disasters made everyone sad and 4. (disappoint),people never give 5. the desire to explore the universe.
China’s space programme has made great progress in recent years.China became the third country in the world to 6. (independent) send humans into space in 2003,7. Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.Later,Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk,followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.In 2022,the launch of the Mengtian module8. (signal) the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct lots of significant 9. (experiment),greatly 10. (further) our understanding of the universe.
The future of space exploration remains bright.
语法专项指导
动词不定式作定语和状语
一、动词不定式作定语
1.动词不定式作定语,常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语,表示尚未发生的动作。
Let us give him something to eat.
让我们给他一些吃的东西。
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Additionally,from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class...
而且,我会不时地布置一些在课堂上完成的小组作业……
2.当中心词为序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next、the only等修饰时,常用动词不定式作后置定语。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。
The only way to conquer a fear is to face it.
克服恐惧的唯一方法是面对恐惧。
3.抽象名词plan、attempt、ability、chance、desire、determination、decision、way等后,常用动词不定式作后置定语。
Tom has the ability and desire to do challenging work.
汤姆有能力和愿望去做有挑战性的工作。
4.当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。
She is a nice person to work with.
她是一个很好的合作伙伴。
5.当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。
We must find a person to do the job.
我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。
6.当名词与定语之间存在同位关系时。
My desire to carry on with the experiment has failed.
我继续做实验的愿望没能实现。
①不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后需要加相应的介词。
He has no pen to write with.
他没有钢笔写字。
②不定式作定语时,如果句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,不定式使用主动形式表示被动含义。试比较下列例句。
Have you got anything to buy
你有什么东西要买吗 (不定式to buy的动作执行者是you)
Have you got anything to be bought
你有什么要(我或别人)买的吗 (不定式to be bought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”,因此只能用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语)
句子语法填空
①It is recognised that he is the best man (complete) the task.
②Thanks to your encouragement,I finally got the courage (face) all the challenges.
③The system has the ability (run) more than one programme at the same time.
④Could you tell me an effective way (learn) English well
二、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式在句中作状语,主要用来修饰动词和形容词,也可用来修饰副词。在句中,不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等,可表示目的、原因、结果等。
1.作目的状语,置于句首或句中,置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气,常与in order或so as 组成短语。
A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。
(1)置于句首时只用to do/in order to do。表示否定时,用 in order not to do 或 so as not to do形式。
I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby.
我轻轻地走路,以免打扰到这个婴儿。
(2)不定式作目的状语可转换为 so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句。
He worked very hard to pass the exam.
→He worked very hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam.
他非常努力以便能通过考试。
2.作原因状语,常置于一些形容词或过去分词后,来说明产生某种情感的原因。这类词常见的有happy、glad、fortunate、ashamed、surprised、sorry、delighted、disappointed、annoyed、proud等。
When Anna opened her wallet,she was surprised to find nothing.
安娜打开钱包时,惊讶地发现里面什么也没有。
They are proud to have realised their dreams.
他们为实现了梦想而自豪。
3.作结果状语,多见于“too...to do...”“...enough to do”“only to do(表示意料之外的结果的发生)”“so/such...as to do...(意为“如此……以至于……”)”结构中。
I’m too tired to do well.
我太累了做不好。
The wind is strong enough to move the sand dunes.
风力大到能移动沙丘。
He rushed back,only to find the book missing.
他冲了回来,却发现书不见了。
We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests.
我们有如此充裕的食物来招待我们的客人。
　　注意动词不定式与现在分词作结果状语的区别。
①动词不定式作结果状语,强调的是一种意想不到的结果,通常与only搭配。
Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only to find it didn’t fit.
她急切地从包里拿出那件衣服试穿,却发现不合身。
②现在分词作结果状语,强调的是一种顺承的、自然而然的结果。
The snow lasted a week,resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
雪下了一星期,给整个地区造成严重的交通混乱。
4.独立动词不定式多用作插入语,表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。
To begin with,she spoke too quickly,I couldn’t understand most of the words she said.
首先,她说得太快,我听不懂她所说的大部分内容。
句子语法填空
① (learn) a language well,you must make efforts.
②I’m more than delighted (know) that you are coming to our school to take part in the Chinese Culture Week.
③The traveller looked up suddenly (find) a monkey in the tree.
④ (tell) the truth,I don’t like the colour at all.
1.(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Growing up,my family and our neighbours never used clotheslines to dry clothing,denying me the chance (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
2.(2025·浙江1月卷) (speed) up the process,please make sure the information you submit through the ILL Request Form is accurate.
3.(2025·浙江1月卷)It really messed up my relationship with food—something that took me years (overcome).
4.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)...visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed (find) the connection between the two great writers.
5.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)That means you have tons of less-visited options (choose) from.
句子语法填空
1.We climbed to the top of the tower (get) a better view of the area.
2.What is the way Mary thought of (deal) with the problem
3.I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train (catch).
4.Our English teacher has many ways (make) her classes interesting.
5. (catch) the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
6. (help) the students to learn Chinese well,our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.
7.They came to the restaurant after work,only (find) that it was being decorated.
8.As a matter of fact,they were very surprised (get) the news.
9.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online (save) their time.
10.He was the last one (hand) in the assignment yesterday.
11.A study shows that by the age of three,most children have the great potential (understand) many words.
12.The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
13.What do you think we can do (comfort) her
14.Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one (repair) first is the library.
15.My friend told me he had a lot of readings (complete) before the end of the term.

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