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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2026外研版高考英语突破练
Unit 5　What an adventure!
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A(2025·湖北黄冈模拟预测)
Women Who Shaped Modern Science
Dorothy Hodgkin
Starting at Oxford’s Women’s College,Hodgkin moved over to Cambridge where she spent time studying X-ray crystallography(晶体学).After returning to Oxford,Hodgkin spent years perfecting X-ray crystallography.This led to her confirmation of the penicillin structure by Ernst Boris Chain and Edward Abraham and the discovery of vitamin B12 structure.
Catherine Coleman
Catherine Coleman is a living example of the impact women have on the world of science.Following a career in chemistry and as a former United States Air Force officer,Coleman was selected to join the NASA Astronaut Corps.She has two Space Shuttle missions to her name including Expedition 27 to the International Space Station(ISS) — the final mission to the ISS with the Space Shuttle Endeavour.
Rosalind Franklin
Rosalind Franklin was an English chemist and X-ray crystallographer whose work on DNA,RNA and viruses formed the basis for Watson and Crick’s DNA work that won them a Nobel Prize in 1962,sadly after she had already passed away.Working as a researcher at King’s College in London,she took an X-ray photograph of B-DNA,famously known as Photo 51,which served as the basis for the identification of the DNA structure.
Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin
A British-American astronomer and astrophysicist,Cecilia stretched the boundaries of thought in her PhD thesis with an explanation of stars as relative quantities of helium and hydrogen.Following the completion of her PhD,Cecilia studied the stars to understand the structure of the Milky Way.Through her studies,she and her team made well over three million observations that help us understand our galaxy today.
1.What is special about Catherine Coleman
A.She entered the outer space.
B.She majored in chemistry.
C.She earned a PhD degree.
D.She fought for women’s rights.
2.What did Dorothy and Rosalind have in common
A.Winning a Nobel Prize.
B.Teaching at universities.
C.Specializing in DNA research.
D.Working on chemical substances.
3.Who helped expand our vision of the universe
A.Dorothy Hodgkin.
B.Catherine Coleman.
C.Rosalind Franklin.
D.Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin.
【语境猜词】
①confirmation 　_______________________
②expedition _______________________
③chemist _______________________
④crystallographer _______________________
⑤astrophysicist _______________________
B(2025·云南玉溪一模)
Huang Xuhua,born in 1926 in Guangdong Province,is known as the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines”. His pioneering work in the 1960s and 1970s helped lay the foundation for China’s nuclear submarine(核潜艇) program,which played a key role in the country’s defense strategy during a time of intense global pressure.
In 1958,Mr Huang was appointed as the chief designer for China’s first nuclear submarine project.At that time,China lacked the necessary technology and resources to construct such advanced submarines,and due to international isolation,the team had to rely solely on domestic innovation.Despite these significant challenges,Mr Huang accepted the mission with determination,driven by the need to safeguard China’s maritime sovereignty(主权) and strengthen its strategic defenses.The greatest hurdle was developing a compact nuclear reactor capable of powering a submarine.With limited expertise in nuclear physics and engineering,Mr Huang and his team worked tirelessly to design an efficient and reliable reactor,demonstrating his creativity and leadership skills.
After over a decade of hard work,Huang’s team achieved a historic breakthrough in 1970 by launching China’s first nuclear-powered submarine,the Type 091(Han-class).This meant China became one of the few countries able to build nuclear submarines.Soon after,they developed the Type 092 (Xia-class),China’s first ballistic missile submarine,which boosted the country’s nuclear defense.
Huang’s contributions went beyond technology.His leadership inspired a generation of Chinese scientists and engineers to focus on self-reliance and innovation.Despite the heavy pressure and secrecy surrounding his work,Huang stayed committed to the project,often sacrificing personal comforts for its success.In recognition of his achievements,Huang has received many awards,including the Supreme State Science and Technology Award,China’s highest honor for scientific achievements.
4.What was the biggest challenge in developing China’s first nuclear submarine
A.Funding missile systems.
B.Lacking the necessary technology and resources.
C.Coordinating international cooperation.
D.Designing a compact nuclear reactor to power a submarine.
5.What is the primary purpose of paragraph 3
A.To compare the functions of Type 091 and Type 092 submarines.
B.To emphasize the global popularity of Chinese submarine technology.
C.To showcase the technological achievements and their strategic impact.
D.To list the names and launch dates of China’s early nuclear submarines.
6.Which of the following best describe Huang Xuhua
A.Innovative and patriotic.
B.Talented and courageous.
C.Modest and cooperative.
D.Hard-working and adventurous.
7.Where would you most likely read this passage
A.A fictional novel.　　B.A travel guide.
C.A biography. D.A newspaper.
【语境猜词】
①pioneering 　　　_______________________
②innovation _______________________
③compact _______________________
④breakthrough _______________________
⑤self-reliance _______________________
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·广东茂名一模)
Progress in life is all about reinvention.Whenever you want to change,reinvention is what allows you to continue exploring new parts of yourself.　8　
See yourself outside yourself.
Imagine you are a sculptor.A sculptor looks at his or her piece of stone and endlessly questions new ways to shape it.And if he or she thinks of something to change,there is no emotional attachment.　9　 This is how you need to see yourself — as a work of art,always in progress.
Practice every day,no matter what.
Change is not something you do some days and then take a break from other days.　10　 It requires daily devotion,to the point where that new habit takes the place of an old one and no longer requires conscious effort.
Surround yourself with people who will tell you the truth.
If everyone around you is telling you “yes”,then you have a serious problem.You need people who are going to challenge and question you.　11　 Feedback is essential for personal growth.
　12　
You will never become the person you want to be by continuing to be the person you currently are.Growth’s only request is that you step out of your comfort zone.That’s it.Unless you are willing to take that risk and to take that uncomfortable step into the unknown,you will forever stay exactly where you are.
A.They just do it.
B.Be what you are.
C.It is a shift in lifestyle.
D.Be ready to take risks.
E.Instead,like an artist,just get to work.
F.You need to look for a way to reinvent yourself.
G.You need people who won’t be afraid to tell you the truth.
【语境猜词】
①reinvention 　　　_______________________
②devotion _______________________
③feedback _______________________
④challenge(熟义:n.& v.挑战)
生义(文义):v. _______________________
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·浙江金丽十二校联考)
Ban Zhao (45 CE—117 CE),courtesy name Huiban,was a Chinese historian,philosopher,and politician.She was the first known female Chinese historian.She 13.　　　　　　(complete) her brother Ban Gu’s work on the history of the Western Han,The Book of Han.She also wrote Lessons for Women,an 14.　　　　　(influence) work on women’s conduct.She also had great interest in astronomy and mathematics and wrote poems,commentaries,essays and several longer works,not all of 15.　　　　　　 survive.
Ban Zhao was born in Anling,near 16.　　　　　　 is now modern Xianyang,Shaanxi Province.She married a local resident named Cao Shishu.17.　　　　　　　(luck) her husband died when she was still young.She never remarried,instead devoting her life to scholarship.She was the daughter of the famous historian Ban Biao and 18.　　　　　　(young) sister of the general Ban Chao and the historian Ban Gu.
Ban Zhao contributed greatly to the completion of Hanshu literally The Book of Han,the official dynastic history of the Western Han.After Ban Gu 19.　　　　　　　　　　　　(imprison) and died in 92 CE because of his association 20.　　　　　　 the royal family,Ban Zhao helped finish the work by making up for the missing part of the “Babiao”(“Eight Tables”).She added the genealogy of the mother of the emperor,21.(provide) much information which was not usually kept.
Ban Zhao’s Lessons for Women,22.　　　　　　(original) only intended for the daughters in Ban Zhao’s family,was circulated immediately at court and in the communities.It was popular for centuries in China as a guide for women’s conduct.
【语境猜词】
①scholarship 　　　_______________________
②dynastic _______________________
③imprison _______________________
④association _______________________
⑤genealogy _______________________
参考答案
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了影响现代科学的四位女性。
1.A　细节理解题。根据Catherine Coleman部分中的“She has two Space Shuttle missions to her name including Expedition 27 to the International Space Station(ISS)—the final mission to the ISS with the Space Shuttle Endeavour.”可知,Catherine Coleman的特殊之处在于她去过外太空,故选A项。
2.D　细节理解题。从Dorothy Hodgkin部分相关内容可知,她确认了青霉素的结构并发现了维生素B12的结构;从Rosalind Franklin部分相关内容可知,她研究DNA、RNA和病毒等。由此可见,两人的共同点是都致力于化学物质的研究,故选D项。
3.D　细节理解题。根据Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin部分中的“Through her studies,she and her team made well over three million observations that help us understand our galaxy today.”可知,Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin帮助扩大了我们对宇宙的想象,故选D项。
【语境猜词】
①确认;证实　②远征;探险　③化学家　④晶体学家　⑤天体物理学家
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华的生平事迹以及他对中国核潜艇事业的贡献。
4.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The greatest hurdle was developing a compact nuclear reactor capable of powering a submarine.”可知,开发中国第一艘核潜艇最大的挑战是设计一个能为潜艇提供动力的小型核反应堆,故选D项。
5.C　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,经过十多年的努力,黄旭华的团队在1970年取得了历史性突破,推出了中国第一艘核动力潜艇091型(汉级),这意味着中国成了少数几个能够建造核潜艇的国家之一。不久,他们又研发出中国第一艘弹道导弹核潜艇092型(夏级),增强了中国的核防御能力。所以第三段的主要目的是展示技术成就及其战略影响,故选C项。
6.A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“driven by the need to safeguard China’s maritime sovereignty and strengthen its strategic defenses.”可知,他有爱国精神。根据“demonstrating his creativity and leadership skills”可知,他有创新精神,故选A项。
7.C　推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,文章介绍了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华的生平事迹以及他对中国核潜艇事业的贡献,所以这篇文章最有可能出现在人物传记中,故选C项。
【语境猜词】
①开创性的;先驱性的　②创新　③小型的;紧凑的　④突破
⑤自力更生
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了重塑自我的方法。
8.F　上文强调重塑自我的重要性,结合下文对几种重塑自我的方法的介绍可知,F项“你需要寻找一种重塑自我的方法。”可承上启下。
9.A　根据上文“A sculptor looks at his or her piece of stone...there is no emotional attachment.”可知,雕塑家看着他或她的那块石头,不断思考塑造它的新方法,如果他或她想到要改变什么,不会有情感上的不舍,A项 “他们就这么做了。”描述了雕塑家的行为方式,符合语境。
10.C　根据上文可知,改变不是断断续续的,再结合下文,新习惯是要取代旧习惯。这说明改变是一种生活方式的转变,C项“这是一种生活方式的转变。” 符合语境。
11.G　根据本段小标题“Surround yourself with people who will tell you the truth.”以及空前一句可知,要让身边围绕着能告诉你真相的人,G项“你需要那些不怕告诉你真相的人。”符合语境。
12.D　根据下文“成长唯一的要求就是你走出舒适区。除非你愿意冒这个险,迈出那不舒服的一步进入未知领域,否则你将永远停留在原地”可知,此段强调要敢于冒险走出舒适区,D项“准备好冒险。” 可以作为本段小标题。
【语境猜词】
①重塑;重新创造　②投入;奉献　③反馈　④对……提出质疑
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国古代史学家、哲学家和政治家班昭的生平及其重要成就,特别是她对《汉书》的贡献和《女诫》的影响。
pleted　考查时态。本文描述了中国古代史学家、哲学家和政治家班昭的生平,所以用一般过去时,故填completed。
14.influential　考查形容词。所填词作定语修饰后面的名词,故填形容词influential,意为“有影响力的”。
15.which　考查定语从句。所填词引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的“poems,commentaries,essays and several longer works”,先行词指物,关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,故填which。
16.what　考查宾语从句。所填词引导宾语从句,作介词near的宾语。宾语从句中缺少主语,所以用what引导该从句。
17.Unluckily　考查副词。所填词位于句首修饰后面的句子,所以用副词作状语。根据“her husband died when she was still young”可知,丈夫在她年轻时去世了是一件不幸的事情,故填Unluckily。
18.younger　考查比较级。younger sister意为“妹妹”。
19.was imprisoned　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。本句话为描述过去的事实,用一般过去时。主语Ban Gu和该动词之间为被动关系,所以本句话用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语为第三人称单数形式,故填was imprisoned。
20.with　考查固定搭配。association with...是固定搭配,意为“和……之间的联系”。
21.providing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处需要非谓语动词作状语。该动词和其逻辑主语She之间为主动关系,所以用动词-ing形式作状语,故填providing。
22.originally　考查副词。所填词修饰过去分词短语intended for,所以用副词形式,故填originally。
【语境猜词】
①学术研究;学识　②王朝的　③监禁;关押　④关联;联系
⑤家谱(图);宗谱(图)
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