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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2026外研版高考英语突破练
Unit 4　Meeting the muse
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A(2025·山东济南质检)
Robots are separated into two parts:the brain and the body.An AI brain can help run the traffic system of a city,but many robots still struggle to open a door—why is that
“Software has advanced rapidly in recent years,but hardware has not kept up.Currently,all robots rely on electricity and software to function.The robotic brain composed of software translates information to the body or hardware through an encoder(编码器),which then performs an action,” said Dr Antonio Forte,a senior lecturer in engineering at King’s College London.
To overcome this,Forte’s team developed a circuit by integrating liquid-based circuits with an adjustable valve(阀) placed within a robot’s hardware.This valve acts like a switch in a normal circuit and engineers can send signals directly to hardware using variations in pressure from liquid inside,allowing the robot to perform complex tasks without the need for electricity or instruction from the central brain.This leads robots to function independently in challenging environments,such as low-income countries that do not have reliable access to electricity.
Independent from the software running it,the advanced hardware system carries the majority of computational load by itself.This opens up the possibility of a new generation of robots,whose bodies could operate independently of their built-in control centre,with this space potentially being used instead for more complex AI-powered software,and consequently they can be more aware of their social context,which provides for a new kind of robotics in places like social care and mass production.
“Ultimately,without investment in such field robots will stay at a certain level after a period of growth.Soon,if we do not offload the computational tasks that modern-day robots take on,computing improvements will have little impact on their performance.The work is just a first step on this path,but the future holds smarter robots with smarter bodies,” Mostafa Mousa,a post-graduate researcher at King’s College London,commented.
1.What is holding back the development of robots nowadays
A.Backward hardware.
B.High electricity cost.
C.Low-speed encoders.
D.Complex calculations.
2.How does the valve function in a robot
A.It translates information.
B.It adjusts liquid pressure.
C.It sends electrical signals.
D.It powers robots’ brains.
3.What sets the new generation of robots apart from others
A.Autonomy with adaptability.
B.Resistance to physical damage.
C.Understanding of users’ likes.
D.Capability to control softwares.
4.What does Mousa think of the work of Forte’s team
A.Eventful.　　　 　　B.Doubtful.
C.Promising. D.Dismissive.
【语境猜词】
①overcome　　　　　_______________________
②hardware _______________________
③software _______________________
④computational _______________________
⑤offload(熟义:v.卸下)
生义(文义):v. _______________________
⑥independent _______________________
B(2025·安徽合肥模拟预测)
The growing interaction between humans and artificial intelligence(AI) is shaping a new way of thinking,known as System 0.This new cognitive framework exists outside the human mind and works as an external “thinking assistant”.System 0 works alongside the two established models of human thought:System 1,which is fast,intuitive(直觉的),and automatic,and System 2,which is slower,more analytical,and more reflective.
Just as an external drive allows us to store data that are not present on the computer and work anywhere by connecting to a PC,AI—with its powerful data-handling capabilities—functions as an external cognitive circuit that enhances human brain capacity.Hence the idea of System 0,which is essentially a form of “external” thinking that relies on the capabilities of AI.
By managing enormous amounts of data,AI can process information and provide suggestions based on complex algorithms(算法).However,unlike intuitive or analytical thinking,System 0 can perform calculations,make predictions,and generate responses without truly “understanding” the content of the data it works with.
The integration of System 0 into human cognition raises some concerns.One of the most pressing ones is the potential damage to our critical thinking and reasoning abilities.If we blindly trust the output of System 0 without questioning it,we risk losing our ability to think independently,leading to a weaker capacity for innovation and creativity.At the same time,it is important to acknowledge the potential benefits of System 0 in increasing our cognitive capabilities and addressing complex challenges that may be beyond the capacity of human intelligence alone.
Despite the polarised visions on the topic of the evolution of AI,we recommend that this revolutionary system be the object of a deep,shared reflection on how we plan to integrate it into the future of human thought.To ensure that AI remains a tool to enhance—rather than decrease—our cognitive autonomy,clear boundaries must be established.
5.What is the main function of paragraph 1
A.To explain how AI impacts daily routines.
B.To introduce a new cognitive framework.
C.To compare three human thinking systems.
D.To analyse AI’s role in decision-making processes.
6.Which statement captures the essence of System 0
A.It seeks profound meanings in data.
B.It pioneers analytical thinking methods.
C.It enhances human cognition externally.
D.It makes intelligent decisions independently.
7.What is the author’s tone carried in paragraph 4
A.Objective. B.Indifferent.
C.Aggressive. D.Dismissive.
8.What will the follow-up paragraph most probably talk about
A.Moral dilemmas in human-AI integration.
B.Potentially promising prospects of System 0.
C.Technical challenges in sharpening System 0.
D.Specific guidelines on using System 0 critically.
【语境猜词】
①framework　　　　_______________________
②reflective _______________________
③analytical _______________________
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·山东省实验中学模拟)
A 90-year-old great-grandmother graduated from Southern New Hampshire University recently,fulfilling a lifelong dream after decades of sacrifice.
“It’s so 　9　,” Annette Roberge spoke of her 　10　.“It’s like still being in a dream world.”
Roberge first 　11　 at New Hampshire College(now SNHU) in 1972.　12　 to her kids at that time,Roberge 　13　 her studies.“You need to get your 　14　 right,” she explained.“The children came first.I can’t put my education ahead of them.”
Roberge later took on part-time jobs to 　15　 her young children’s schedules before 　16　 building a long career in the insurance industry.In 2017,Roberge set about exploring options to 　17　 her education but failed to 　18　 due to health reasons.However,after some research by her daughter,Roberge discovered that she had earned enough 　19　 to graduate with an associate’s degree in business administration.
At her 90th birthday celebration,around two weeks before she 　20　 the graduation ceremony,Roberge announced the exciting news to her family.When the big day came,she walked across the stage to cheers and applause from other attendees,proudly 　21　 her diploma.But Roberge isn’t stopping there—she plans to start working towards her bachelor’s degree in January.
When she 　22　 her journey,Roberge shared a message of 　23　,“If you have a dream,don’t let it just sit there.Do something.No matter your age,you can still achieve it.”
9.A.close B.unreal
C.hopeless D.intense
10.A.generation B.prospect
C.achievement D.resolution
11.A.called B.aimed
C.worked D.enrolled
12.A.Sympathetic B.Fair
C.Devoted D.Cruel
13.A.paused B.disturbed
C.ignored D.furthered
14.A.details B.priorities
C.responses D.strategies
15.A.fit B.revise
C.adjust D.set
16.A.passively B.strictly
C.intentionally D.ultimately
17.A.continue B.afford
C.transform D.handle
18.A.bounce back B.turn up
C.follow through D.settle down
19.A.credits B.funds
C.titles D.rewards
20.A.missed B.informed
C.held D.attended
21.A.expecting B.receiving
C.showing D.issuing
22.A.switched B.documented
C.recalled D.completed
23.A.warmth B.knowledge
C.tolerance D.inspiration
【语境猜词】
①graduate　　　　_______________________
②lifelong _______________________
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·山东省实验中学模拟)
Robots have increasingly become a part of our lives.They can perform various tasks,from simple household chores to complex industrial operations.
On January 28,2025,a special performance called YangBOT amazed audiences at the CCTV Spring Festival Gala,China’s most-watched TV show.24.(direct) by famous filmmaker Zhang Yimou,the show mixed modern robot technology with traditional Chinese yangko dance.
In the performance,humanoid robots dressed in colourful costumes danced yangko,25.　　　　　　 joyful folk dance from northern China.They spun handkerchiefs instantly and formed creative group patterns.These robots were developed by Unitree,a Chinese robotics company.In fact,this company 26.(throw) itself into robotics research in 2016.In 2021,their robot cows,27.　　　　　　(serve) as backup dancers for a famous singer,showed off their dancing skills.
The robots learnt dance moves through AI and used laser navigation to move 28.　　　　　　(safe) on the uneven stage.Their strong 29.　　　　　　(joint) helped them balance perfectly during fast steps.Zhang Yimou explained,“This dance isn’t just fun—it shows what technology can bring 30.　　　　　 traditions.”
The robots’ 31.　　　　　(impress) performance greatly took audiences’ breath away.Thanks to these innovations,the robots won the hearts of millions.The performance YangBOT,32.　　　　　 has been praised by fans nationwide,is a perfect mix of China’s tech progress 33.　　　　　　 cultural pride.
【语境猜词】
①humanoid　　　　_______________________
②navigation _______________________
③uneven _______________________
④handkerchief _______________________
参考答案
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器人的构成,导致发展受到阻碍的原因以及解决方案。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Software has advanced rapidly in recent years,but hardware has not kept up.Currently,all robots rely on electricity and software to function.(近年来,软件发展迅速,但硬件却没有跟上。目前,所有的机器人都依靠电力和软件来运作。)”可知,硬件落后阻碍了机器人的发展,故选A项。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“这个阀门的作用就像普通电路中的开关,工程师可以利用内部液体的压力变化直接向硬件发送信号,使机器人无需电力或中央大脑的指令就能完成复杂的任务。”可知,阀门通过调节液体压力在机器人中工作,故选B项。
3.A　推理判断题。第四段提到“这开启了新一代机器人的可能性,它们的身体可以独立于内置的控制中心运行,而这个空间可能会被用于更复杂的人工智能软件,因此它们可以更了解自己的社会环境,这为社会护理和大规模生产等领域提供了一种新型机器人。”由此可知,新一代机器人与其他机器人的区别是具有适应性的自主性,故选A项。
4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The work is just a first step on this path,but the future holds smarter robots with smarter bodies(这项工作只是这条道路上的第一步,但未来会有更智能的机器人,拥有更智能的身体)”可知,穆萨认为福特团队的工作是有前途的,故选C项。
【语境猜词】
①克服　②硬件　③软件　④计算的　⑤转移　⑥独立的
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的认知框架——System 0,它是人类与人工智能互动中形成的外部“思考助手”,并探讨了其与人类已有的思维模式的关系、本质、带来的担忧与益处以及未来的整合方向。
5.B　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The growing interaction between humans and artificial intelligence(AI) is shaping a new way of thinking,known as System 0.This new cognitive framework exists outside the human mind and works as an external ‘thinking assistant’.”可知,第一段开篇就引出了System 0这一新的认知框架,并简要介绍了它的性质,核心是介绍这一新的认知框架,故选B项。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Just as an external drive allows us to store data that are not present on the computer and work anywhere by connecting to a PC,AI—with its powerful data-handling capabilities—functions as an external cognitive circuit that enhances human brain capacity.”可知,System 0的本质是从外部增强人类的认知能力,故选C项。
7.A　推理判断题。第四段提到“其中最紧迫的问题之一是它可能会损害我们的批判性思维和推理能力。如果我们盲目信任System 0的输出而不加以质疑,我们就可能失去独立思考的能力,进而导致创新和创造能力的减弱。与此同时,我们也必须承认System 0的潜在益处——它能够提升我们的认知能力,并帮助应对那些仅靠人类智力或许难以解决的复杂挑战。”由此可知,作者既提到了System 0带来的担忧,也指出了它的潜在益处,态度是客观的,故选A项。
8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“To ensure that AI remains a tool to enhance—rather than decrease—our cognitive autonomy,clear boundaries must be established.”可知,接下来很可能会讨论关于如何批判性地使用System 0的具体指导方针,以建立这种明确的界限,故选D项。
【语境猜词】
①框架　②沉思的;反思的　③分析的
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了90岁曾祖母安妮特·罗伯热克服重重困难,最终实现其毕生梦想,从南新罕布什尔大学毕业的经历。
9.B　根据下文“It’s like still being in a dream world.”可知,Roberge觉得自己好像还在梦里,所以她认为这一切很不真实(unreal)。
10.C　根据上文“A 90-year-old great-grandmother graduated from Southern New Hampshire University recently”可知,90岁的Roberge从大学毕业,这是她的一项成就(achievement)。
11.D　根据下文“at New Hampshire College”可知,Roberge于1972年首次在新罕布什尔学院注册入学(enrolled)。
12.C　根据下文“The children came first.I can’t put my education ahead of them.”可知,Roberge为了孩子,把孩子放在第一位,说明她全身心投入(devoted)到照顾孩子中。
13.A　根据下文“The children came first.I can’t put my education ahead of them.”可知,Roberge为了孩子暂停了(paused)自己的学业。
14.B　根据下文“The children came first.”可知,Roberge认为孩子是第一位的,也就是孩子是她的优先事项(priorities)。
15.A　根据下文“her young children’s schedules”可知,Roberge做兼职工作是为了适应(fit)年幼孩子的日程安排。
16.D　根据下文“building a long career in the insurance industry”可知,Roberge最终(ultimately)在保险行业建立了长期的职业生涯。
17.A　根据下文“her education”可知,2017年,Roberge开始探索继续(continue)学业的途径。
18.C　根据下文“due to health reasons”可知,由于健康原因,Roberge未能坚持继续学业(follow through)。follow through坚持到底。
19.A　根据下文“to graduate with an associate’s degree in business administration”可知,Roberge发现自己已经获得了足够的学分(credits),可以获得商业管理副学士学位。
20.D　根据下文“the graduation ceremony”可知,Roberge参加了(attended)毕业典礼。
21.B　根据下文“her diploma”可知,在毕业典礼上,Roberge骄傲地领到了(receiving)她的毕业证书。
22.C　根据下文“her journey”可知,Roberge回忆起(recalled)自己的历程。
23.D　根据下文“If you have a dream,don’t let it just sit there.Do something.No matter your age,you can still achieve it.”可知,Roberge的话鼓舞人心(inspiration),激励着人们追求梦想。
【语境猜词】
①毕业　②终身的
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在2025年央视春晚上,一场名为“YangBOT”的特别表演惊艳了观众。
24.Directed　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语,且“the show”与“direct”之间为被动关系,故用过去分词directed作状语,位于句首,首字母需大写,故填Directed。
25.a　考查冠词。dance为可数名词,此处泛指一种欢快的舞蹈,且joyful发音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词修饰,故填a。
26.threw　考查动词时态。根据时间状语“in 2016”可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,故用一般过去时,故填threw。
27.serving　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作定语,且robot cows与serve之间为主动关系,故用动词-ing形式serving作定语,故填serving。
28.safely　考查副词。此处修饰动词move,所以用副词形式作状语,故填safely。
29.joints　考查名词的数。根据后文的“them”可知,此处应用名词复数形式,故填joints。
30.to　考查介词。“bring sth to sth”,意为“将某物带到某物中”,故用介词to。
31.impressive　考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词performance,所以用形容词形式作定语,故填impressive。
32.which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为“The performance YangBOT”,指物,且在从句中作主语,故用关系代词which引导。
33.and　考查连词。此处连接两个并列的名词短语“China’s tech progress(中国的科技进步)”和“cultural pride(文化自豪感)”,故用连词and。
【语境猜词】
①类人的　②导航　③不平坦的　④手帕
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