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2026外研版高考英语突破练
Unit 6　Nurturing nature
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A(2025·河南模拟)
Camel’s survival in the desert is a marvel of nature that MIT engineer Jeffrey Grossman looked to for inspiration.He noted that camels rely on both their sweat and fur to thrive in hot conditions.Without the fur,camels would sweat too much and quickly use up their water,a vital resource in the desert.This natural adaptation is crucial for their endurance against the hot sun and dry climate.
Grossman pondered replicating the camel’s cooling mechanism using two types of materials.His findings are published in the journal Joule,where he introduces a novel technology.This tech could potentially keep food and medical supplies chilled without extra energy consumption,offering a sustainable solution to a common problem.
The base of this innovative system is hydrogel,a material that can hold a lot of water and cools as water evaporates(蒸发) from its surface.For the top layer,Grossman selected aerogel,a material that is mostly air and known as the lightest solid on Earth.This layer mimics the camel’s fur by slowing down the evaporation,ensuring the cooling effect lasts longer.The aerogel’s unique properties also protect the hydrogel from external heat sources,further enhancing the insulation.
Grossman was aware that the top layer needed to be both insulating and having holes to allow water to evaporate.If the layer was too thin,it wouldn’t effectively insulate the hydrogel;if too thick,the water in the hydrogel couldn’t evaporate,reducing the system’s cooling efficiency.By controlling evaporation,each water drop can have a longer cooling effect,making the system highly efficient.
In the experiment,Grossman’s team set a heat sensor under the layered materials in a room kept at 30℃.They monitored how the temperature changed over time under the hydrogel as water evaporated.The results were impressive:when compared to a single layer of exposed hydrogel,the dual-layer system significantly extended the cooling duration by 400 percent.
Northwester University engineer Park praised the innovation,noting that while hydrogel and aerogel are not new,their combined use in this manner is.Like Grossman,Park is hopeful that this technology could be applied to insulate surfaces such as windows effectively.Moreover,the potential applications are vast,from improving refrigeration in remote areas to creating more efficient cooling systems for buildings,this camel-inspired invention could revolutionise the way we manage temperature and conserve energy.
1.Which aspect of the camel inspired the new technology
A.Its heat-proof fur.
B.Its water-resistant ability.
C.Its low-energy consumption.
D.Its endurance against the sun.
2.What is good about the bottom layer of Grossman’s innovation
A.It’s extremely thin.
B.It’s a porous structure.
C.It takes in water easily.
D.It reduces water evaporation.
3.What can be inferred from the fifth paragraph
A.Grossman’s innovation is powerful.
B.Ways of cooling technology meet challenges.
C.A single layer of exposed hydrogel works better.
D.The heat sensor plays a big part in the cooling duration.
4.What does Park say about Grossman’s work
A.It could be further improved in many ways.
B.It has benefited from two types of new materials.
C.It has contributed a lot to window production.
D.It has creatively put two common materials together.
【语境猜词】
①marvel　　　　_______________________
②insulation _______________________
③refrigeration _______________________
④effectively _______________________
B(2025·浙江金华三模)
Italian cuisine may be one of the most recognised and loved in the world—often imagined as a collection of ancient recipes and local traditions preserved by skillful grandmothers over centuries.But now,a food historian is exposing common myths and false stories,arguing that the Italian cuisine as we know it is barely a few decades old.
Grandi claims in his latest book,Italian Cuisine Doesn’t Exist,the idea that many beloved recipes and products such as cheeses or cured meats have hundreds of years of history is pure fantasy.Most dishes have a shorter history than most people imagine.
Migration is what made Italian cuisine what it is today.In the 19th and 20th centuries,millions of people left Italy,a poverty-stricken country with limited dietary options,emigrating to South America,North America and European countries.The Italians who landed on New York’s Ellis Island left hunger and misery behind.And it was in the “new world”,Grandi argues,that Italian immigrants found the wealth and ingredients to create the recipes that eventually popularised Italian food worldwide.
However,many Italians are not familiar with this history.They might imagine that their beloved recipes were born in Italy,passed down,unchanged,from generation to generation and eventually exported abroad by Italian migrants.
Pizza is the most famous example of this.Born as a cheap street food in Naples,in the 19th century it was synonymous with poverty and dirt.It was in America,says Grandi,that pizza became “red”.While fresh tomatoes were among the original toppings,Italian immigrants to the US popularised pizza prepared with tomato sauce,a product that industrialisation made easy to access and store.And it was in the US that pizzerias really started to take off.Scholars call this process “the pizza effect”:when a product leaves its place of origin,gets profoundly transformed and then returns to its place of origin to be fully embraced in a completely different form.
5.What does Grandi challenge in his book
A.The role of Italian chefs.
B.The history of Italian cuisine.
C.The recipe for cured meats.
D.The process of cheese production.
6.How did Italian immigrants contribute to the spread of Italian cuisine
A.By running Italian restaurants worldwide.
B.By promoting food industrialisation in Italy.
C.By creating new recipes with local ingredients.
D.By preserving ancient recipes through generations.
7.What does the underlined phrase “was synonymous with” in the last paragraph mean
A.Equaled.　　　　 　B.Removed.
C.Caused. D.Exposed.
8.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A.The Migration of Italian Cuisine
B.The Origin of the Pizza Effect
C.The Secret of Traditional Recipes
D.The Truths Behind Italian Cuisine
【语境猜词】
①cuisine　　　　　　_______________________
②poverty-stricken _______________________
③industrialisation _______________________
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·广东湛江一模)
As cicadas(蝉) emerge in parts of the United States in 2024,Josh Wicker,a biology enthusiast from South Carolina,is advocating for a different approach to these insects:　9　 them,which is not an American dietary habit.Wicker sees cicadas as a culinary(烹饪的) 　10　 rather than an annoyance.Inspired by other 　11　 worldwide that include insects in their diets,Wicker decided to host an insect-themed dinner party to challenge American 　12　.
Wicker’s love for nature led him to 　13　 the idea of adding cicadas to his diet.He was motivated by the global 　14　 of eating cicadas.He 　15　 on social media to find interested diners,and the response was so 　16　 that he had to stop 　17　 attendees due to the great interest.
For dinner,Wicker 　18　 a menu filled with insect delicacies,presented as hors d’oeuvres(开胃菜).The menu included innovative dishes such as pigs in a blanket with cicada heads and bacon-wrapped cicadas.
The 　19　 from his friends were a mix of curiosity and fear.While some were eager to try the 　20　 dishes,others were more 　21　.Wicker’s experiment not only provided a unique dining experience but also offered a new view on the 　22　 between humans and the natural world.It encourages people to 　23　 their comfort zones of food and consider insects as a sustainable and nutritious food source.
9.A.charting B.consuming
C.ignoring D.protecting
10.A.accident B.business
C.entertainment D.opportunity
11.A.suggestions B.issues
C.alarms D.cultures
12.A.ideas B.strategies
C.dreams D.promises
13.A.explain B.abandon
C.explore D.reform
14.A.order B.market
C.level D.practice
15.A.reached out B.showed off
C.profited off D.led out
16.A.enthusiastic B.careful
C.special D.clear
17.A.naming B.mentioning
C.accepting D.applauding
18.A.evaluated B.created
C.recognised D.claimed
19.A.reactions B.inspirations
C.resources D.comparisons
20.A.appetising B.typical
C.strange D.disappointing
21.A.excited B.hesitant
C.confused D.confident
22.A.difference B.conflict
C.separation D.relationship
23.A.look up to B.step out of
C.make use of D.give way to
【语境猜词】
①attendee　　　　_______________________
②nutritious _______________________
③annoyance _______________________
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·广东广州三模)
In the dining hall of Shenzhen University,students eagerly line up for a unique delicacy:rich bowls of black-bone chicken soup.This flavourful dish traces its roots to an 24.　　　　　　(innovation) AI farming project in Chishui,Guizhou,a region where black-bone chicken farming 25.　　　　　　　　(be) a valued tradition for over 300 years.Despite its long history,the practice has faced 26.　　　　　　(challenge),including disease,predator attacks,and high labour demands.
27.　　　　　　　　(address) these issues,Shenzhen University students partnered with the local government to develop an Al-based system.28.　　　　　(adopt) cameras and micro-devices,this smart technology tracks each chicken’s movements.When a chicken’s steps fall below 1,000,the system warns farmers to check 29.　　　　　　 signs of illness.It also detects wild animals,helping to reduce losses from predator attacks.
After just six months,production 30.　　　　　　　　　(boost) by 30%,with over 60,000 chickens added.In appreciation,Chishui farmers gifted hundreds of chickens to the university,31.　　　　　 the students turned into “AI chicken soup” for the university community,allowing everyone to enjoy the fruits of this technological achievement.
Reflecting on the project,Shenzhen University Vice President Zhang Xiaohong highlighted the 32.(integrate) of academia,industry,research,and innovation.“Through this partnership,our students have developed practical skills,gained hands-on experience,33.　　　　　　 grown into AI professionals ready to make a meaningful impact.”
【语境猜词】
①innovative　　　　_______________________
②address(熟义:n.地址)
生义(文义):v. _______________________
③adopt(熟义:v.收养)
生义(文义):v. _______________________
参考答案
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了MIT工程师Jeffrey Grossman受骆驼在沙漠中生存的启发,开发了一种新型双层材料技术,该技术能有效延长冷却时间,有潜力应用于食品和医疗用品的冷藏,以及建筑物的节能降温。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For the top layer,Grossman selected aerogel,a material that is mostly air and known as the lightest solid on Earth.This layer mimics the camel’s fur by slowing down the evaporation...” 可知,启发新技术的是骆驼的毛皮,它通过减慢水分蒸发来模仿骆驼的散热机制,故选A项。
2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The base of this innovative system is hydrogel,a material that can hold a lot of water...” 可知,Grossman的创新底部层次的优越之处在于它容易吸水,故选C项。
3.A　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“...the dual-layer system significantly extended the cooling duration by 400 percent.”可知,Grossman的创新非常有效,能够显著提高冷却效率和持续时间,故选A项。
4.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“noting that while hydrogel and aerogel are not new,their combined use in this manner is(虽然水凝胶和气凝胶并不新鲜,但以这种方式将它们结合起来是创新的)”可知,Park认为Grossman的作品创造性地将两种普通材料结合在一起,故选D项。
【语境猜词】
①令人惊叹的事物　②隔热;绝缘　③制冷　④有效地
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一位食品历史学家揭露了关于意大利美食的常见神话和虚假故事,指出我们所知道的意大利美食只有几十年的历史,并解释了意大利美食的发展历程以及比萨这一经典食物的起源和演变。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Grandi claims in his latest book,Italian Cuisine Doesn’t Exist,the idea that many beloved recipes and products such as cheeses or cured meats have hundreds of years of history is pure fantasy.”可知,Grandi在他的书中对意大利美食的历史提出了质疑,故选B项。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in the ‘new world’,Grandi argues,that Italian immigrants found the wealth and ingredients to create the recipes that eventually popularised Italian food worldwide.”可知,意大利移民通过使用当地食材创造新食谱来促进意大利美食的传播,故选C项。
7.A　词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Pizza is the most famous example of this.Born as a cheap street food in Naples,in the 19th century it was synonymous with poverty and dirt.”可知,比萨在19世纪诞生于那不勒斯,是一种廉价的街头食品。结合常识可知,廉价的街头食品与贫困和肮脏是等同的概念。由此猜测,was synonymous with意思是“等同于”,与A选项“Equaled(等同于)”意思一致。
8.D　主旨大意题。文章第一段提到“一位食品历史学家正在揭露常见的神话和虚假故事,他认为我们所知道的意大利美食只有几十年的历史”,接着下文详细介绍了意大利美食的历史以及比萨这一经典食物的起源和演变。由此可知,本文主要是讲述意大利美食背后的真相,所以选项D“The Truths Behind Italian Cuisine”适合作为本文的标题。
【语境猜词】
①菜系　②极度贫困的　③工业化
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。来自南卡罗来纳州的生物学爱好者Josh Wicker尝试烹饪蝉这种动物,为此还制作了都是昆虫的美味佳肴菜单。
9.B　根据下文“Wicker sees cicadas as a culinary”可知,他把蝉看作与烹饪相关的事物,结合这不是美国人的饮食习惯可知,他的建议是吃掉这种昆虫,所以选“consuming(吃,消耗)”。
10.D　根据上文“Wicker sees cicadas as a culinary”可知,他把蝉和烹饪联系起来,这里指他把蝉看作是烹饪的好机会(opportunity)。
11.D　根据上文“Inspired by other”以及下文“worldwide that include insects in their diets”可知,他是受到了世界上其他饮食中包含昆虫的文化(cultures)的启发。
12.A　根据上文“which is not an American dietary habit”可知,吃蝉不是美国人的习惯,他举办以昆虫为主题的晚宴是为了挑战美国人的想法(ideas)。
13.C　根据上文“Wicker sees cicadas as a culinary”以及下文“the idea of adding cicadas to his diet”可知,对大自然的热爱使他开始探索(explore)在饮食中加入蝉的想法。
14.D　根据上文“worldwide that include insects in their diets”以及下文“of eating cicadas”可知,他的灵感来源是全球吃蝉的做法(practice)。
15.A　根据下文“on social media to find interested diners”可知,他是在社交媒体上联系感兴趣的食客,所以选“reached out(联系,伸出手)”。
16.A　根据下文“due to the great interest”可知,人们的反应非常热烈,兴趣很大,所以选“enthusiastic(热情的)”。
17.C　根据下文“due to the great interest”可知,因为人们兴趣太大,所以他不得不停止接受(accepting)食客。
18.B　根据下文“a menu filled with insect delicacies”可知,他制作了(created)一份都是昆虫美味佳肴的菜单。
19.A　根据下文“a mix of curiosity and fear”可知,好奇又害怕是朋友们的反应(reactions)。
20.C　根据上文“a menu filled with insect delicacies”以及美国人不吃昆虫的情况可知,这种菜肴对美国人来说很奇怪(strange)。
21.B　根据上文“While some were eager to try the”中while引导让步状语从句可知,有些人渴望尝试,但是其他人更加犹豫(hesitant)。
22.D　根据下文“between humans and the natural world”可知,此处表示是为人类与自然世界的关系(relationship)提供了新的视角。
23.B　根据下文“their comfort zones of food and consider insects as a sustainable and nutritious food source”可知,威克的实验鼓励人们走出(step out of)食物的舒适区,将昆虫视为可持续的营养食物来源。
【语境猜词】
①参与者;出席者　②有营养的　③令人厌烦的事物
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了深圳大学学生与当地政府合作开发AI系统助力贵州乌骨鸡养殖并制成鸡汤回馈学校的故事。
24.innovative　考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词短语AI farming project,所以用形容词形式作定语,故填innovative。
25.has been　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语for over 300 years可知,句子时态应用现在完成时,主语black-bone chicken farming为第三人称单数,故填has been。
26.challenges　考查名词的数。所填的词作has faced的宾语,应用名词形式,此处表示不止一个挑战,应用复数形式,故填challenges。
27.To address　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词作目的状语,应用动词不定式,句首首字母大写,故填To address。
28.Adopting　考查非谓语动词。this smart technology和adopt之间为主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式作状语,故填Adopting。
29.for　考查介词。此处为固定短语check for“检查,查看”。
30.was boosted　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语After just six months可知,句子应用一般过去时,且主语production和boost之间为被动关系,又因主语为第三人称单数,故填was boosted。
31.which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为hundreds of chickens,指物,关系词从句中作turned的宾语,故填which。
32.integration　考查名词。所填的词作highlighted的宾语,应用名词形式,故填integration。
33.and　考查连词。developed practical skills,gained hands-on experience,grown into AI professionals为并列关系,应用连词and连接。
【语境猜词】
①创新的　②解决　③采用;运用
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