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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2026外研版高考英语突破练
Unit 6　Survival
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A(2025·河南许平汝名校二模)
As the ship pulled away,I considered what would lie before me:the darkening calm of the Beagle Channel,the scary waves of the Drake Passage,and then glittering(闪闪发光的) Antarctica.This was a journey sparked(触发) by a school geography project 20 years ago.Cutting out magazine photographs of penguins and whales to stick on my “All About Antarctica” poster,I felt something burn inside me.
I’d imagined sun-carved vast icebergs,with penguins playing there—it was an ecological heaven,free from human disturbance.I was on the ship,travelling south and going about my new novel—The Edge of Solitude.
It tells the story of Ivy—a 75-year-old environmental activist.Desperate to regain her reputation,she offers her services to a billionaire’s Antarctic conservation project.Like mine,Ivy’s journey begins in Ushuaia at the tip of Argentina.But as Ivy journeys further south,she must wrestle with her ambition and what she owes the natural world around her.Like me,Ivy encounters the still black water with oily ice suspended below its surface,and the cracks(爆裂声) of glaciers moving to the shore.Antarctica is far from an untouched heaven.
My final landing was on Deception Island—a natural port,in the morning with thick fog.Along the black-sand beach,I followed three penguins wandering along the shore.From the blanketing white,structures emerged:towering boilers and vast tanks for storing blubber(鲸脂)—signs of the whaling industry that existed there in the first half of the 20th century.
While I was amazed by the sight of penguin colonies,it’s the human aspect of Antarctica—human ambition and human mistakes—that makes for interesting fiction.
Antarctica will always feel adventurous—the appeal of the sea and the drama of the ice—but it’s also a place for wrestling with the mistakes of the past,and for weighing our own human desires alongside our capacity of management.On Deception Island as in the book,Antarctica is a place where everything feels in danger.
1.What initially made the author desire to go to Antarctica
A.A childhood visit to Deception Island.
B.A proposal from an environmental activist.
C.A school geography project.
D.A magazine about attractive penguins.
2.How did the author most probably feel at the first sight of Antarctica
A.Excited.　　　　 　B.Disappointed.
C.Satisfied. D.Scared.
3.What did the author see on Deception Island
A.Tanks of the whaling industry.
B.Remains of some white blankets.
C.Abandoned towers from the 1960s.
D.Tourist companies near the beach.
4.In which section of a newspaper does this text most probably appear
A.Economics. B.Science.
C.Health. D.Culture.
【语境猜词】
①wrestle(熟义:v.摔跤)
生义(文义):v.　　　　_______________________
②untouched _______________________
B(2025·湖北新八校协作体模拟)
In a paper published on March 13 in Science,researchers at Stanford University used machine learning to analyse data of ice movements in Antarctica for the first time.Their work reveals some of the fundamental physics governing the movements of the Antarctic ice sheet and could help improve predictions about how the continent will change in the future.
The Antarctic ice sheet,Earth’s largest ice mass and nearly twice the size of Australia,keeps sea levels stable by storing freshwater as ice.To understand the movement of the Antarctic ice sheet,which is shrinking more rapidly every year,existing models have typically relied on assumptions about ice’s mechanical behaviour from lab experiments.
“But Antarctica’s ice is much more complicated than what can be reproduced in the lab,” said Ching-Yao Lai,a professor of geophysics in the university and senior author on the paper.“Ice formed from seawater has different properties,and ice sheets may contain large cracks,air pockets,or other inconsistencies that affect movement.”
Lai and her colleagues built a machine learning model to analyse the movements with satellite imagery and airplane radar.They found that the parts of the ice shelves closest to the continent are being compressed(压缩) and that the models in these areas are fairly consistent with lab experiments.However,most models have assumed that Antarctic ice has the same physical properties in all directions.
In fact,as ice gets farther from the continent,it starts to be pulled out to sea.The force causes the ice to have different physical properties in different directions—a concept called anisotropy(各向异性).“Our study uncovers that most of the ice shelf is anisotropic,” said first study author Yongji Wang,a researcher in Lai’s lab.“Ice in the 5% compression zone almost has the same property while for the rest—the extension zone,it is not the case.Now based on this new method,we know that models predicting the future evolution of Antarctica should be anisotropic.”
Next,researchers intend to continue to perfect their analysis with additional data from the Antarctic continent and may use these findings to understand the stresses that may cause cracks.They hope their methods will assist with more scientific discoveries and lead to new cooperation with the Earth science community.
5.What is the purpose of machine learning in the research
A.Predicting the future changes of Antarctica ice.
B.Analysing the thickness of the Antarctic ice sheet.
C.Knowing the movement of the Antarctic ice sheet.
D.Studying the physical properties of ice from seawater.
6.Why are existing models of ice movement not accurate enough
A.They rely too much on the data from satellites.
B.They stress the impact of air pockets and cracks.
C.They ignore the different properties in Antarctic ice.
D.They fail to measure the size of the Antarctic ice sheet.
7.What is indicated in the underlined sentence
A.Ice behaves variably in all directions.
B.Most ice shelves are in the extension zone.
C.Ice in compression zone matches lab results.
D.Ice shelves are pulled out of the continent to sea.
8.What can be inferred about the researchers’ future plans
A.They will build more satellite models.
B.They will abandon their current methods.
C.They will apply the methods to the Earth science.
D.They will seek more data to improve their analysis.
【语境猜词】
①geophysics　　　　_______________________
②mechanical _______________________
③extension _______________________
④evolution _______________________
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·山东青岛一模)
I’ve always been terrified of heights.The thought of being up high made my heart 　9　 and my hands sweat.But one summer,my friends and I decided to try rock climbing,and I chose to face my 　10　.
We arrived at the climbing gym,and the 　11　 walls above us seemed like a huge challenge.When my friends eagerly put on their climbing belts and started practising on the lower routes,I 　12　.I watched them with a mix of admiration and 　13　.I could feel a wave of self-doubt wash over me.When it was my 　14　,I finally took a deep breath and tied my belt.
The first few feet were manageable,but as I climbed higher,my fear 　15　.My hands shook,and I grasped the holds 　16　.“You’re doing great!” my friends 　17　 from below,but I could barely hear them for the thundering of my own heart.I looked down and immediately 　18　 it,as the ground seemed so far away.
I 　19　,trying to steady my breathing.I knew I had two choices:give up or keep going.I chose the latter.Slowly,I 　20　 upward.The higher I climbed,the more my confidence grew.When I finally reached the top,I couldn’t 　21　 the smile on my face and felt a sense of 　22　.
That day,I learned that sometimes,the hardest part of overcoming a fear is taking the first 　23　.
9.A.break B.fly
C.sing D.race
10.A.danger B.fear
C.duty D.future
11.A.dividing B.bearing
C.towering D.enclosing
12.A.complained B.hesitated
C.agreed D.failed
13.A.anxiety B.sympathy
C.gratitude D.desire
14.A.choice B.favourite
C.turn D.way
15.A.faded away B.moved on
C.held back D.built up
16.A.tightly B.lightly
C.calmly D.skillfully
17.A.stressed B.cheered
C.joked D.responded
18.A.regretted B.discovered
C.enjoyed D.made
19.A.cried B.waved
C.froze D.accepted
20.A.edged B.jumped
C.landed D.guided
21.A.put B.contain
C.force D.feel
22.A.responsibility B.direction
C.balance D.achievement
23.A.sight B.impression
C.step D.chance
【语境猜词】
①terrified　　　　_______________________
②self-doubt _______________________
③achievement _______________________
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·山东聊城一模)
Dashuhua,or “striking iron flowers”,is a traditional folk performance from Yuxian county,Hebei Province.It has been recognised as a 24.　　　　　(nation) intangible cultural heritage since May 2021.Originating in Nuanquan town,it 25.　　　　　　(date) back to the Ming Dynasty(1368—1644) and evolved 26.　　　　　 weapon casting practices.Blacksmiths discovered that molten iron splashing onto cold surfaces created dazzling sparks,which later became a festive ritual to pray for peace and good harvests.
Typically 27.　　　　　　　(perform) during festivals and weekends,dashuhua involves melting 500 kilograms of scrap iron at over 1,600℃.A team of 12,including four performers,uses willow scoops to fling(抛) molten iron onto a cold wall,28.　　　　　(create) a tree of sparks.Performers wear protective gear,such as straw hats and sheepskin jackets,but injuries are common due to 29.　　　　　　 intense heat.
Wang De,a 61-year-old inheritor,30.　　　　　　　　　(practise) dashuhua for over 40 years.He emphasises the art’s demands for courage,strength,and 31.　　　　　　(precise).Despite its beauty,the tradition faces challenges,with only four skilled inheritors remaining in Nuanquan.Younger generations are less interested,prompting local efforts 32.　　　　　　　(preserve) the craft through tourism,education,and training programs.
Dashuhua is more than a spectacle(精彩表演);it embodies the courage,skill,and perseverance of its performers,33.　　　　　　　　 fight to keep this cultural treasure alive for future generations.
【语境猜词】
①molten　　　 　_______________________
②scrap(熟义:n.碎片)
生义(文义):n. _______________________
③protective _______________________
参考答案
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者从小就向往南极洲,但作者南极洲之旅时看到的景象如同她在旅行时创作的新书《孤独的边缘》中描述的一样,令人深思。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This was a journey sparked by a school geography project 20 years ago.”可知,20年前学校的一个地理项目激发了作者对南极洲的向往,故选C项。
2.B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I’d imagined sun-carved vast icebergs,with penguins playing there—it was an ecological heaven,free from human disturbance.”以及第三段中的“Antarctic is far from an untouched heaven.”可知,作者原本想象南极洲是一个没有人类干扰的生态天堂,但实际发现南极洲远非如此,所以作者最可能会感到失望,故选B项。
3.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“From the blanketing white,structures emerged:towering boilers and vast tanks for storing blubber—signs of the whaling industry that existed there in the first half of the 20th century.”可知,作者在Deception Island看到了用于存储鲸脂的容器,故选A项。
4.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I was on the ship,travelling south and going about my new novel—The Edge of Solitude.”以及文章内容可知,文章主要讲述了作者南极洲之旅见到的景象以及她的新书《孤独的边缘》的创作之路,故本文最有可能出自报纸的“文化”版块,故选D项。
【语境猜词】
①努力处理;全力解决　②未受影响的
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了斯坦福大学的研究人员首次使用机器学习分析南极冰运动数据的情况以及后续计划。
5.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In a paper published on March 13 in Science,researchers at Stanford University used machine learning to analyse data of ice movements in Antarctica for the first time.”可知,机器学习在这项研究中的目的是了解南极冰盖的运动,故选C项。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Ice formed from seawater has different properties,and ice sheets may contain large cracks,air pockets,or other inconsistencies that affect movement.”以及第四段中的“However,most models have assumed that Antarctic ice has the same physical properties in all directions.”可知,现有的冰运动模型不够准确是因为它们忽略了南极冰的不同特性,故选C项。
7.A　推理判断题。根据第五段可知,现在的研究发现冰架是各向异性的,也就是冰在各个方向上的表现是不同的,5%压缩区的冰几乎具有相同的特性,而其余部分(即伸展区),冰在各个方向上的表现是各不相同的,故选A项。
8.D　推理判断题。最后一段提到“接下来,研究人员打算利用来自南极大陆的更多数据继续完善他们的分析,并可能利用这些发现来了解可能导致裂缝的压力。他们希望他们的方法将有助于更多的科学发现,并与地球科学界建立新的合作。”由此可知,研究人员未来的计划是寻求更多的数据来改进他们的分析,故选D项。
【语境猜词】
①地球物理学　②机械的　③延伸;扩展　④演变;发展
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文通过描述作者克服恐高症的经历,展现了个人成长和挑战自我的过程。
9.D　根据上文“I’ve always been terrified of heights.”可知,作者恐高,所以一想到在高处,应该是心跳加速(race)。
10.B　根据上文“I’ve always been terrified of heights.”可知,作者决定尝试攀岩是为了直面自己的恐惧(fear)。
11.C　根据空后“walls above us seemed like a huge challenge”可知,展现在作者面前的高耸(towering)岩壁似乎是一个巨大的挑战。
12.B　根据下文“I watched them with a mix of admiration and 　13　.I could feel a wave of self-doubt wash over me.”可知,作者看到朋友们急切地开始练习,自己已经开始心生犹豫(hesitated)。
13.A　根据上文“I’ve always been terrified of heights.”可知,因为作者恐高,看到朋友们去攀岩,自己又不敢,所以此时心情是既羡慕又焦虑(anxiety)。
14.C　根据下文“I finally took a deep breath and tied my belt”中的“finally”可知,终于轮到(turn)作者攀岩了。
15.D　根据上文可知,作者恐高。再根据下文“My hands shook”可推测,随着爬得更高,作者的恐惧加剧(built up)。
16.A　根据语境可知,由于作者恐高,所以爬得越高,作者越害怕。再根据常理可知,由于害怕,作者会紧紧地(tightly)抓住岩壁上的支撑点。
17.B　根据上文“You’re doing great!”可知,朋友们在下面为作者加油(cheered)。
18.A　根据下文“as the ground seemed so far away”可知,作者往下看后立刻就后悔(regretted)。
19.C　根据下文“trying to steady my breathing”以及上文提到的作者害怕的状态可知,作者此时是愣住了(froze)。
20.A　根据上文“I knew I had two choices:give up or keep going.I chose the latter.”可知,作者选择继续往上爬。再根据“Slowly”可知,作者慢慢地一点一点地往上移动(edged)。
21.B　根据上文“When I finally reached the top”可知,作者终于到达了顶端,此时的作者抑制(contain)不住自己的笑容。
22.D　作者克服了恐高的恐惧,成功爬到顶部,所以会有一种成就感(achievement)。
23.C　根据全文内容可知,作者通过这次攀岩经历,明白了克服恐惧最困难的部分有时候是迈出第一步(step)。
【语境猜词】
①极度害怕的　②自我怀疑　③成就
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了河北蔚县打树花的历史、表演方式等。
24.national　考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词短语intangible cultural heritage作定语,所以用形容词形式,故填national。
25.dates　考查时态。date back to“追溯到”。本句描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,主语it是第三人称单数,故填dates。
26.from　考查介词。evolve from“由……演变而来”,为固定短语。
27.performed　考查非谓语动词。本句中已有谓语动词involves,所以本空是非谓语动词。dashuhua与perform之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作状语,故填performed。
28.creating　考查非谓语动词。本句中已有谓语动词uses,所以本空是非谓语动词。此处表示自然而然的结果,故填creating。
29.the　考查冠词。此处特指“打树花表演时的高温”,用定冠词the表特指。
30.has practised　考查时态。根据时间状语 for over 40 years可知,本句表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作,时态用现在完成时,故填has practised。
31.precision　考查名词。本空与名词courage和strength并列,作介词for的宾语,所以用名词形式,故填precision。
32.to preserve　考查非谓语动词。effort to do sth“做某事的努力”,为固定搭配,所以用动词不定式to preserve,作后置定语。
33.who　考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是performers,指人,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词who引导。
【语境猜词】
①熔化的　②废料　③防护的
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