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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2026外研版高考英语突破练
选择性必修第四册
Unit 1　Looking forwards & Unit 2　Lessons in life
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A(2025·甘肃庆阳模拟)
After almost three months,two old Croatian veterans(老兵) succeeded in the historic effort of crossing the Atlantic Ocean in a rowing boat.Martin Cruickshank and Werner Ili successfully rowed to Barbados on Earth Day after 83 days spent on the ocean.Also,the two veterans honoured their country by using an eco-friendly Fenix boat for their journey.
Martin and Werner are veterans who returned from abroad to defend the Croatian homeland in the 1990s and have now completed the historic “Paddle Across the Atlantic” adventure.These two veterans rowed across 5,500 kilometres of the relentless Atlantic Ocean using only a boat and oars(桨).They began their trip on January 15,2022,and ended it on Earth Day.
The two veterans rowed across the Atlantic for days,a route only a few brave rowers had travelled before them.Finally,they set off from the Spanish Canary Islands and planned to get to Martinique in the Caribbean Sea.However,due to unfavourable natural conditions and a strong storm,their boat Fenix landed in Barbados.The veterans showed that love for their country can be a strong force that helps people succeed in very difficult tasks.
“We knew it would not be easy.We expected difficult conditions and exceptional physical effort while rowing,but for the homeland’s glory(光荣),nothing was difficult for us.We did not expect that such a strong storm would completely change our route,so we are proud and grateful that we managed to sail to Barbados alive and with an undamaged boat,” said Werner Ili.
Arriving in Barbados on Earth Day,which marks the importance of caring for the environment,the veterans highlighted the need to protect the ocean.
On Saturday,the President of the Republic,Zoran Milanovi,congratulated Werner Ili and Martin Cruickshank.“In 83 days of travelling across the rough Atlantic,you have shown courage,bravery,and honourable human qualities that you have already proven yourselves in the Homeland War,” said the Croatian President.
1.What is the main purpose of Martin Cruickshank and Werner Ili’s journey
A.To explore new routes.
B.To break a world record.
C.To honour their homeland.
D.To promote eco-friendly boats.
2.What does the underlined word “relentless” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Calm.　　　　　　　B.Tough.
C.Beautiful. D.Wide.
3.Why did the veterans’ boat land in Barbados instead of Martinique
A.They ran out of supplies.
B.They changed their destination.
C.They wanted to celebrate Earth Day.
D.They were blown off course by a storm.
4.Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A.Croatian Veterans’ Historic Journey
B.The Importance of Protecting the Ocean
C.President’s Congratulations to Veterans
D.Challenges Faced During the Atlantic Crossing
【语境猜词】
①eco-friendly　　_______________________
②relentless _______________________
③unfavourable _______________________
④rough(熟义:adj.粗糙的)
生义(文义):adj. _______________________
B(2025·山东济南质检)
Climate change is largely responsible for the mass die-off of our planet’s coral reefs(珊瑚礁),as stress caused by higher water temperatures causes corals to drive away the algae(藻类) living within them.The loss of that life-giving algae isn’t the only problem,however.
Stressed corals are also more likely to be infected by naturally occurring bacteria.In the past,populations of those extremely small living things were kept to manageable levels by sea cucumbers(海参),which feed on seafloor sediment(沉积物).Unfortunately,due to over-harvesting for use in the Asian seafood market,sea cucumbers are now becoming increasingly rare in many regions.
In order to see just how crucial the animals are to coral health,a Georgia Tech team led by Mark Hay and Cody Clements conducted a series of field experiments in the South Pacific Ocean.
Near the island of Moorea in French Polynesia,the scientists left existing sea cucumbers in 10 plots of sandy seabed and removed them from 10 others,then planted five coral groups in each of the plots.Those plots were subsequently inspected on a daily basis for a period of 45 days.It was ultimately found that coral death rate caused by sediment-associated diseases was 15 times greater in the sea-cucumber-less plots.
Hay and Clements now hope that their findings will motivate governments and other groups to implement stricter limits on the harvesting of sea cucumbers,and to begin raising the animals for release onto corals that are in need of protection.Farmed sea cucumbers could potentially also find use in keeping fish farms clean,and possibly even delaying certain diseases.
“If you remove all the sediment eaters in the great fish tank of Earth,you’re going to get a dirty tank eventually,” said Clements.“People have paid lip service to the idea that sea cucumbers could be important for a long time,but we didn’t know the scale of their importance until now.”
5.Why are sea cucumbers important for coral health
A.They directly provide nutrients to corals.
B.They help to reduce disease risk to corals.
C.They produce algae essential for coral life.
D.They drive the harmful algae away from corals.
6.What was the key difference between the two sets of plots in the experiment
A.The presence or absence of sea cucumbers.
B.The types of coral groups planted in them.
C.The quantity of seafloor sediment in each plot.
D.The frequency of inspections over the 45-day period.
7.What did Hay and Clements appeal for
A.A ban on seafood harvesting in the tested region.
B.The establishment of new coral reserves worldwide.
C.The adoption of more sea cucumber conservation practices.
D.Further study on the uses of farmed sea cucumbers in medicine.
8.What do Clements’ words imply in the last paragraph
A.The importance of sea cucumbers was greatly overstated.
B.Sea cucumbers were considered insignificant for a long time.
C.People have already taken measures to protect sea cucumbers.
D.Sea cucumbers play a vital role in keeping marine ecosystem healthy.
【语境猜词】
①mass die-off　　_______________________
②infect _______________________
③scale _______________________
④sediment-associated _______________________
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·浙江模拟)
The side door of the aircraft was opened,and a brisk wind rushed in.Packed tightly like sardines were fourteen silent people.Two of them were my adult children,　9　 out at the endless sky.
When we reached an altitude of 14,000 feet,my son’s face turned pale as he 　10　 inched to the opening and fell out of the 　11　.Something went cold in my heart.But,only seconds later,instructions were being 　12　,and it was my daughter’s turn.Her face,however,was 　13　,and she laughed and whooped,falling away into the wild blue.For a quick moment,a desperate fear 　14　 me,and I wondered if that was the last time I would see them.But the thought soon 　15　 as I felt a strong pull on my pack and was moved into position.
With a big birthday approaching,my children had chosen to surprise me with an unforgettable way to dive into the decade I’d wanted to 　16　,but when a woman celebrating her fiftieth wedding anniversary spontaneously decided to 　17　,I knew I had to do it,too.
Now I was in the 　18　.I forgot all the instructions as the sheer terror and joy 　19　.Although it felt like forever,the minute before the parachute(降落伞) opened was memorable.With the earth quickly approaching,I spied my son and daughter running to 　20　 me.We had an excited three-way 　21　.
It was a(n) 　22　 moment.I could have refused to leave the plane,missing both the extreme thrill of the dive and the unique beauty of the view from the sky.　23　 to the appearance of safety no longer felt like the only option.
9.A.leaving B.standing
C.staring D.putting
10.A.cautiously B.swiftly
C.closely D.proudly
11.A.wing B.hole
C.window D.plane
12.A.overlooked B.barked
C.interrupted D.posted
13.A.regretful B.grateful
C.joyful D.sorrowful
14.A.overcame B.refreshed
C.discouraged D.confused
15.A.crept B.surged
C.returned D.passed
16.A.give out B.set out
C.chicken out D.work out
17.A.dive B.divorce
C.withdraw D.abandon
18.A.jungle B.air
C.dilemma D.darkness
19.A.came back B.faded away
C.died down D.rolled in
20.A.rescue B.greet
C.address D.search
21.A.hug B.exchange
C.match D.comment
22.A.temporary B.awkward
C.desperate D.symbolic
23.A.Climbing B.Sticking
C.Responding D.Dropping
【语境猜词】
①brisk(熟义:adj.轻快的)
生义(文义):adj.　　_______________________
②inch(熟义:n.英寸)
生义(文义):v. _______________________
③sheer _______________________
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·江西宜春模拟)
Seagrass meadows(海草床) are wonder plants growing beneath the sea.Thanks to the assistance of tiger sharks,24.　　　　　　 huge seagrass meadow in the Bahamas Banks was recently discovered,offering the world a tool 25.　　　　　　　　(fight) climate change.
In this study,tiger sharks were selected as research tools due to their 26.　　　　　　　(high) consistent associations with seagrass ecosystems.They spend 70% of their time in seagrass meadows.The team equipped eight tiger sharks 27.　　　　　　 satellite tags,and used a 360-degree camera on a shark for the first time ever.
So far,the world’s largest seagrass ecosystem,measuring at least 66,900 square kilometres,28.　　　　　　　　　　　　(discover).This reflects a 41% increase from previous estimates of global seagrass.In terms of climate change,seagrass is 35 times 29.(fast) at removing carbon than tropical rainforests.Yet seagrass meadows are rapidly disappearing,with over 92% of meadows in the UK 30.(go).Scientists are collecting seeds and trying to grow new seagrass meadows through restoration 31.　　　　　　　(project).This new discovery offers optimism and proves the importance of the ocean for healing.
The sharks led us to the seagrass ecosystem in the Bahamas,32.　　　　　　 is likely to be the most significant blue carbon sink on the planet.The discovery shows us that ocean exploration and research play an important role in solving 33.(globe) issues like climate change.
【语境猜词】
①seagrass　　　　_______________________
②assistance _______________________
③rainforest _______________________
参考答案
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了两位克罗地亚老兵Martin Cruickshank和Werner Ili,为了给祖国带来荣誉,驾驶环保船只历经83天成功划船横渡大西洋的历史性旅程。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Also,the two veterans honoured their country by using an eco-friendly Fenix boat for their journey.”以及第三段中的“The veterans showed that love for their country can be a strong force that helps people succeed in very difficult tasks.” 可知,他们此次旅程的主要目的是为祖国增光,即向祖国致敬,故选C项。
2.B　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“These two veterans rowed across 5,500 kilometres of the relentless Atlantic Ocean using only a boat and oars.”结合第三段中的“However,due to unfavourable natural conditions and a strong storm,their boat Fenix landed happily in Barbados.”可知,他们遇到不利自然条件和强风暴,所以大西洋的环境是艰难的。故画线单词的意思和tough相近,故选B项。
3.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However,due to unfavourable natural conditions and a strong storm,their boat Fenix landed happily in Barbados.” 可知,老兵们的船在巴巴多斯靠岸而不是马提尼克岛,是因为被风暴吹离了航线,故选D项。
4.A　主旨大意题。主要讲述了两位克罗地亚老兵Martin Cruickshank和Werner Ili,为了给祖国带来荣誉,驾驶环保船只历经83天成功划船横渡大西洋的历史性旅程。途中因风暴改变路线最终抵达巴巴多斯,他们的行为得到了总统的祝贺,同时他们也强调了保护海洋环境的重要性。选项A“克罗地亚老兵的历史性旅程”为最佳标题。
【语境猜词】
①环保的　②无情的;猛烈的　③不利的　④波涛汹涌的
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海参通过吃海底沉积物来控制那些可能感染珊瑚的微生物种群数量,减少疾病危害,起到维持珊瑚健康的作用,研究人员呼吁加强海参保护以维护珊瑚礁生态。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“过去,这些极其微小的生物的数量被海参控制在可管理的水平,因为海参以海底沉积物为食。”可知,海参对珊瑚的健康很重要,因为它们有助于减少珊瑚患病的风险,故选B项。
6.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“在法属波利尼西亚的茉莉雅岛附近,科学家们将现有的海参留在10块沙质海床上,并从另外10块中移除,然后在每块海床上种植了五组珊瑚。”可知,进行实验的两组海床地块的关键区别在于有无海参,故选A项。
7.C　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Hay和Clements现在希望他们的发现能激励政府和其他组织对海参的捕捞实施更严格的限制,并开始养殖海参,将其放生到需要保护的珊瑚上。”可知,Hay和Clements呼吁采取更多措施保护海参,故选C项。
8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Clements所说的话可知,Clements用鱼缸清洁这一比喻形象地说明如果把处理沉积物的海参移除了,海洋环境就会变差。由此可知,海参在维持健康海洋环境方面起着至关重要的作用,故选D项。
【语境猜词】
①大规模死亡　②感染　③程度;范围　④与沉积物相关的
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在重要生日临近时,随子女一起高空跳伞的经历。她起初恐惧,随后享受过程,这次经历象征她克服对新年龄段的退缩,具有特殊意义。
9.C　根据下文“out at the endless sky”以及语境可知,此处描述孩子们在飞机上的状态,stare out at表示“凝视着……”,符合他们在飞机上看着外面天空的情景。
10.A　根据上文“my son’s face turned pale”可知,作者儿子很害怕,小心翼翼地(cautiously)慢慢挪向舱门。
11.D　根据上文“The side door of the aircraft was opened”可知,飞机侧门打开,作者的儿子从飞机上(plane)跳下去。
12.B　根据上文“instructions were being”以及语境可知,这里指跳伞的指令被大声喊出(barked),让女儿准备跳伞。
13.C　根据下文“she laughed and whooped”可知,这里指作者女儿很开心,脸上充满喜悦(joyful)。
14.A　根据上文“a desperate fear”以及语境可知,这里指恐惧的情绪压倒了(overcame)作者。
15.D　根据上文“But the thought soon”可知,这里指作者这种恐惧的想法很快就消失了,pass有“(时间、想法等)过去”的意思。
16.C　根据上文“the decade I’d wanted to”以及语境可知,作者本来对进入这个年龄段有些退缩(chicken out),这里指作者一开始想逃避这个年龄段。
17.A　根据上文“a woman celebrating her fiftieth wedding anniversary”可知,这里指这位女士为庆祝结婚五十周年而决定跳伞(dive)。
18.B　根据上文“The side door of the aircraft was opened”可知,这里指作者在空中(air)。
19.D　根据上文“the sheer terror and joy”以及语境可知,这里指恐惧和喜悦的情绪一起向作者涌来(rolled in)。
20.B　根据上文“I spied my son and daughter running to”可知,孩子们看到作者落地,跑过来迎接(greet)。
21.A　根据上文“We had an excited three-way”可知,一家人团聚很兴奋,所以是三人拥抱(hug)。
22.D　根据上文“With a big birthday approaching,my children had chosen to surprise me with an unforgettable way to dive into the decade”可知,这次跳伞对作者进入新的年龄段有特殊意义,是一个有象征意义的(symbolic)时刻。
23.B　根据下文“to the appearance of safety no longer felt like the only option”可知,这里考查“stick to the appearance of safety”表示坚持表面上的安全状态,也就是一直处于安全、不冒险的状态。
【语境猜词】
①(风)凉爽的　②谨慎移动　③纯粹的;完全的
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。海草床是生长在海底的神奇植物,由于虎鲨的帮助,最近在巴哈马海滩发现了一个巨大的海草床,为世界提供了对抗气候变化的工具。
24.a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个巨大的海草床”,且huge以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。
25.to fight　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词作定语,修饰tool,所以用动词不定式,故填to fight。
26.highly　考查副词。所填的词作状语修饰后面的形容词consistent,所以用副词形式,故填highly。
27.with　考查介词。equip...with...,意为“用……装备……”。
28.has been discovered　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语So far可知,句子时态用现在完成时,且主语the world’s largest seagrass ecosystem与discover为被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态,又因主语是第三人称单数形式,故填has been discovered。
29.faster　考查比较等级。根据下文的than可知,此处表示两者之间的对比,故填faster。
30.gone　考查形容词。此处为“with+名词+形容词”结构,所以用形容词gone,意为“不复存在”。
31.projects　考查名词的数。project是可数名词,前面没有单数修饰语,所以用复数形式,故填projects。
32.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,本空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是the seagrass ecosystem,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。
33.global　考查形容词。所填的词作定语,修饰名词issues,所以用形容词形式,故填 global。
【语境猜词】
①海草　②帮助　③雨林
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