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高考英语阅读理解之长难句分析导学案
班级：__________ 姓名：__________
学习目标
掌握简单句的五大基本句型，能区分简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句。
2. 理解长难句的构成逻辑，识别 “三长两短两语一平行”等修饰成分。
3. 掌握长难句分析的“一括二圈三会意”方法，能精准拆解高考真题长难句并翻译。
4. 学会运用长难句分析技巧解答高考阅读理解细节题和推断题。
学习重难点
重点：识别长难句中的 “三长”（介词短语、从句、非谓语动词短语）“两语”（同位语和插入语）以及 “一平行”（并列结构）；掌握长难句拆解步骤。
难点：定语从句、状语从句的定位与分析；结合语境翻译长难句并解答阅读题。
教学步骤
Step 1 Lead-in
Do you know the steps to draw a tree Have a try!
Step 2 Presentation
①The girl comes. ②The boy hugs the girl. ③The boy gives the girl a rose. ④The rose makes the girl happy. ⑤The story is sweet.
①简单句 (Simple Sentences): 仅一个 。 ②并列句(Compound Sentences): 由 （and, but, or等）连接的两个或多个简单句。 ③复合句(Complex Sentences): 由 （when, if, because, which, who, that 等)连接的一个主句和一个或多个从句。 ④并列复合句(Compound-Complex Sentences): 同时包含 和 ，连接多个分句。
修饰成分包括： 例句探究：Walking slowly along the campus path, Lucy, a cheerful senior three girl, happily accepted a colorful handmade card and a sweet homemade cookie from her deskmate, who had made them for her birthday. 1.三长——①. ; 标记符号： e.g.After talking with Li Hua on this matter for two hours from 10:00 to 12:00 in the classroom, I went back to my office. ②. ; 标记符号： 1)When I was young, I played basketball a lot. 2)I will invite Lihua who was a basketball player to my school. 3)The book I bought yesterday is very interesting. ③. ; 标记符号： 1)To improve my English, I often speak to foreigners. 2)The professor walked into the hall, wearing a smile on his face. 3)The student, encouraged by his progress, continued his review. 2.两短——①. ; ②. ;标记符号： 3.两语——①. ; 标记符号： 1)We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. 2)He likes skating，an hobby inspired by an athlete，which makes him quite healthy. ②. ; 标记符号： e.g.The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched down last week in the South Pole basin. 4.一平行—— ; 标记符号： e.g.He gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and lit the bunch to create a torch(火把)．
小试牛刀： （2024年新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 句意： （2024年新课标Ⅰ卷）According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. 句意： （2023年全国乙卷）The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 句意：
Step 3 Application
(2025年全国一卷B篇) In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well. ◇Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1 A. Ninth graders. B. Students' parents. C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters.
（2024年新课标Ⅰ卷D篇）...“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens（标本）, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable ” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. ◇What does Daru's study focus on A.Threatened species. B.Physical specimens. C.Observational data. D.Mobile applications.
(2023年全国乙卷D篇) If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. ◇ What is the first paragraph mainly about A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about. C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
Step 4 Self-assessment

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