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2026 届中考英语二轮专题复习
专题十一：被动语态（各时态·情态动词·特殊句式）
【考情考向·近三年命题趋势】
被动语态是中考英语的必考语法点，占语法板块分值的10%左右。2023-2025年全国各地市真题卷显示，命题主要集中在：① 不同时态的被动语态构成（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、情态动词的被动语态）；② 主动语态与被动语态的转换；③ 被动语态的特殊用法（如双宾语动词的被动、感官动词的被动、主动表被动的情况）。本专题按考点分层设计，帮助考生系统掌握被动语态的核心用法。
【核心知识·考点分层精讲】
考点一：被动语态的基本构成与常用时态
① 构成： be + 及物动词的过去分词。be 动词随主语的人称、数和时态变化。
② 常用时态的被动形式：
一般现在时：am/is/are + done (English is spoken everywhere.)
一般过去时：was/were + done (The bridge was built in 2020.)
一般将来时：will be + done / am/is/are going to be + done (The meeting will be held tomorrow.)
现在完成时：have/has been + done (The work has been finished.)
情态动词：情态动词 + be + done (The task must be completed today.)
过去完成时：had been + done (The letter had been sent before he arrived.)（了解）
考点二：主动语态变被动语态的方法
① 步骤： 将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语；将谓语动词变为“be + 过去分词”；原主语变为 by 的宾语（可省略）。
② 特殊情况： 双宾语动词 (give, send, show, teach, buy 等) 的被动有两种：间接宾语变主语 (I was given a book.) 或直接宾语变主语 (A book was given to me.)；感官动词 (see, hear, watch) 和使役动词 (make, let, have) 在主动句中用省略 to 的不定式作宾补，变被动时要加 to (He was seen to leave.)。
考点三：主动形式表被动意义的情况
① 某些连系动词： look, sound, taste, feel, smell 等用主动表被动 (The soup tastes delicious.)。
② 某些不及物动词的主动形式： sell well, write smoothly, wash easily, open, lock, shut 等 (This book sells well.)。
③ need/want/require + doing： 用 doing 主动形式表被动意义，相当于 to be done (The car needs washing.)。
④ be worth doing： 主动表被动 (The film is worth watching.)。
考点四：被动语态的特殊句型与易错点
① 带双宾语的被动： 注意介词的使用 (give sth. to sb. / buy sth. for sb.)。
② 含有情态动词的被动： 情态动词 + be + done。
③ 短语动词的被动： 不可丢掉介词/副词 (The children are taken good care of.)。
④ 宾语从句的被动： It is said/believed/reported that... 等固定句式。
⑤ 不定式的被动： 当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，用 to be done (I hope to be invited.)。
【分层训练·按考点突破】
考点一 各时态被动语态（共16题）
1. (一般现在时) English ______ in many countries.
A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. was spoken
2. (一般过去时) The Great Wall ______ by thousands of people every year.
A. visit B. is visited C. was visited D . visited
3. (一般过去时) The bridge ______ in 1980.
A. built B. is built C. was built D. builds
4. (一般将来时) The sports meeting ______ next week.
A. will hold B. will be held C. is held D. was held
5. (一般将来时) A new hospital ______ in our town next year.
A. builds B. is built C. will build D. will be built
6. (现在完成时) The work ______ already ______.
A. has; finished B. have; finished C. has; been finished D. have; been finished
7. (现在完成时) So far, many trees ______ in our city.
A. plant B. planted C. have planted D. have been planted
8. (情态动词) The homework ______ before Friday.
A. must finish B. must be finished C. must finished D. must be finish
9. (情态动词) Books ______ not ______ out of the library.
A. can; take B. can; be taken C. can; took D. can; be took
10. (过去完成时) By the time I got there, the work ______.
A. finished B. was finished C. had finished D. had been finished
11. (现在进行时) A new road ______ in my hometown now.
A. is building B. is built C. is being built D. has been built
12. (过去进行时) The boy ______ when his mother came in.
A. was beating B. was being beaten C. beat D. was beaten
13. (一般现在时) The classroom ______ every day.
A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. has cleaned
14. (一般将来时) The problem ______ at the meeting tomorrow.
A. discusses B. is discussed C. will discuss D. will be discussed
15. (现在完成时) I ______ to the party, but I didn't go.
A. invited B. was invited C. have invited D. have been invited
16. (情态动词) Can this kind of bike ______ in that shop
A. buy B. be bought C. bought D. is bought
考点二 主动变被动 & 双宾语动词（共8题）
17. (双宾语) My mother gave me a new bike. (变被动，间接宾语作主语) I ______ a new bike.
A. was given B. gave C. am given D. was gave
18. (双宾语) A new bike ______ ______ me by my mother. (用直接宾语作主语)
A. was given to B. gave to C. is given to D. was given for
19. (感官动词) I saw him enter the room. (变被动) He ______ enter the room.
A. was seen B. was seen to C. Saw D. is seen
20. (使役动词) The boss made the workers work 12 hours. (变被动) The workers ______ work 12 hours.
A. were made B. were made to C. made D. are made to
21. (短语动词) They take good care of the children. (变被动) The children ______ good care of.
A. are taken B. Take C. are taking D. were taken
22. (短语动词) We should listen to the teacher carefully. (变被动) The teacher should ______ carefully.
A. be listened to B. be listened C. listen to D. is listened to
23. (情态动词被动) You must hand in your homework today. (变被动) Your homework ______ today.
A. must hand in B. must be handed in C. must be handed D. must handed in
24. (现在完成时被动) We have finished the project. (变被动) The project ______ finished.
A. has been B. have been C. is D. was
考点三 主动形式表被动意义（共6题）
25. (感官动词) The music ______ sweet.
A. is sounded B. sounds C. is sounded D. sounded
26. (物作主语) This kind of cloth ______ well.
A. washes B. is washed C. washed D. was washed
27. (物作主语) The book ______ well and ______ out last week.
A. sells; was sold B. is sold; sold C. sold; sold D. was sold; sells
28. (need doing) The flowers need ______.
A. water B. Watering C. Watered D. to water
29. (be worth doing) The film is worth ______.
A. see B. seeing C. to see D. seen
30. (look等) The problem looks ______.
A. difficult B. Difficultly C. to be difficult D. being difficult
考点四 特殊句型 & 易错点（共8题）
31. (It is said) ______ that he is a good teacher.
A. It says B. It is said C. He is said D. People said
32. (不定式被动) I hope ______ to the party.
A. to invite B. to be invited C. inviting D. being invited
33. (被动语态否定) The letter ______ yet.
A. hasn't written B. hasn't been written C. wasn't written D. isn't written
34. (被动语态疑问) When ______ the telephone ______
A. did; invent B. was; invented C. is; invented D. has; invented
35. (短语动词被动) The old man needs ______.
A. looking after B. to look after C. looked after D. being looked after
36. (情态动词被动推测) He must ______ by the boss.
A. punish B. be punished C. Punished D. have punished
37. (不定式被动) There are many problems ______.
A. to solve B. to be solved C. solving D. A and B
38. (双宾语) She bought her son a toy. (变被动，间接宾语作主语) Her son ______ a toy.
A. was bought B. Bought C. were bought D. is bought
语法填空·被动语态综合（共6题）
39. English ______ (speak) in many countries.
40. The bridge ______ (build) in 1980.
41. The work ______ (finish) tomorrow.
42. Many trees ______ (plant) since last year.
43. The boy ______ (see) to enter the room just now.
44. The flowers need ______ (water).
单句改错·被动语态易错点（共6题）
45. The window was broke by the boy.
改正：________________________
46. The book sells well and was sold out yesterday.
改正：________________________
47. He was seen enter the room.
改正：________________________
48. The baby must take good care of.
改正：________________________
49. This song sounds beautifully.
改正：________________________
50. I have been invited to the party, but I didn't go.
改正：________________________
【参考答案】
考点一（1-16）：1-5 B C C B D 6-10 C D B B D 11-15 C B B D B 16 B
考点二（17-24）：17-20 A A B B 21-24 A A B A
考点三（25-30）：25-30 B A A B B A
考点四（31-38）：31-35 B B B B A 36-38 B D A
语法填空（39-44）：39. is spoken 40. was built 41. will be finished 42. have been planted 43. was seen 44. watering/to be watered
改错（45-50）：45. broke→broken 46. 正确 47. enter→to enter 48. must take→must be taken 49. beautifully→beautiful 50. 正确
教学建议·考点分层突破策略
1. 按考点分层教学：将被动语态分为四个考点。建议考点一（各时态被动）用2课时，重点讲解不同时态的被动构成和标志词；考点二（主动变被动）用1课时，重点训练转换步骤和双宾语/感官动词的特殊情况；考点三（主动表被动）用1课时，归纳常见主动表被动的动词；考点四（特殊句型）用1课时，讲解It is said that, need doing等。
2. 对比教学：设计主动句与被动句的转换练习，让学生体会主语与宾语的变化。对比双宾语动词的两种被动形式，对比感官动词主动和被动的不定式符号变化。
3. 口诀记忆：“被动语态be done，时态变化看be；情态动词be done，双宾语两种变；感官使役要加to，主动表被动需牢记。”
4. 专项训练：对易错点（如短语动词不可丢介词、need doing/to be done的区别）设计针对性练习。
5. 错题本记录：要求学生将错题按考点记录，尤其注意不规则过去分词的拼写、被动句中to的遗漏等。
亲爱的同学，被动语态是中考英语的重要得分点。掌握了它，你的句子表达将更加灵活多样！坚持练习，细心总结，你一定能攻克这个专题！中考在即，愿你乘风破浪，金榜题名！
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