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(共51张PPT)
第2节　有提示词类——非谓语动词
技法探究 强化意识
【考查类型】
【解题步骤】
一、判断条件: 已有谓语动词, 空处非并列谓语。
二、确定形式及用法:
①动词-ing形式
功能: 作主语/宾语/表语/定语
意义: 主动、正在进行
②过去分词(done)
意义: 被动、完成
③不定式(to do)
意义: 目的结果, 尚未发生的动作
技法一 成分分解法——作主语和表语
作主语 句中缺少主语, 找到句子的谓语部分, 确定应用动词-ing形式还是不定式作主语
掌握用动词-ing形式/不定式作主语的句型:
It is/was+adj. (for/of sb. ) +to do sth.
It is no use/good doing sth.
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth.
作表语 非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词和不定式
(1)现在分词作表语修饰物, 意为“令人……的”
(2)过去分词作表语修饰人, 意为“感到……的”
【典例展示】
(2021·全国甲卷)
It is possible __________(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
解题思维: 分析句子结构可知, 句子的主语It是形式主语, 故此处应用to do不定式作真正的主语。故填 to walk。
技法二 固定搭配法——作宾语
作
宾
语 作介词的宾语: 介词和带介词to的固定搭配后一定跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语, 且前面有实义动词do时, 不定式就要省略to
只跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语:
喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy、consider、escape/avoid)
不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help、give up、risk)
感激承认很值得(appreciate、admit、be worth)
介意想象莫推延(mind、imagine、delay/put off)
建议继续勤操练(suggest、go on、practise)
致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to、excuse、insist on)
继续成功不错过(keep on、succeed in、miss)
作
宾
语
只跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语:
三个希望两答应(hope、wish、expect、agree、promise)
两个要求莫拒绝(demand、ask、refuse)
设法学会做决定(manage、learn、decide/determine)
不要假装在选择(pretend、choose/select)
打算提出一计划(intend、offer、plan)
申请失败负担起(apply、fail、afford)
准备愿望又碰巧(prepare、desire、happen)
既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 又可跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语: remember、forget、regret、go on、need、start、begin、try、mean等。注意它们的不同含义
【典例展示1】
(2023·全国乙卷)
As a photographer, I have spent the last two years __________(record) everything I discovered.
解题思维: 分析句子结构, 发现此处考查“spend time(in) doing sth. ”结构, 意为“花费时间做某事”。动词-ing形式作介词的宾语, 介词可以省略。故填 recording。
【典例展示2】
(2024·全国甲卷)
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend __________(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
解题思维: 分析句子结构, 发现提示词作非谓语, 且在动词tend之后, tend只接不定式作宾语。故填 to catch。
技法三 关系分析法——作定语
作
定
语 动词-ing形式作定语: (1)动词-ing形式作定语表示主动、正在进行; (2)若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being done结构
过去分词作定语: 过去分词作定语表示被动、完成
不定式作定语: (1)看见first、second 等序数词以及形容词最高级(+名词), 用不定式作定语;
(2)抽象名词ability、chance、opportunity、promise等后常用不定式作后置定语
【典例展示1】
(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)
Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, __________(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
解题思维: 分析句子结构可知, 提示词在句中作后置定语, 与被修饰词a six-meter-tall pavilion构成逻辑上的被动关系, 所以用过去分词形式。故填 inspired。
【典例展示2】
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Shanghai may be the __________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace.
解题思维: 分析句子结构可知, 提示词在句中作名词home的定语, recognize与home是逻辑上的动宾关系, 需用过去分词作定语。故填 recognized。
技法四 逻辑关系法——作状语
作
状
语 现在分词作状语: 句子的主语是分词动作的发出者, 就用现在分词形式(doing):
(1)表伴随、时间或条件等要用现在分词;
(2)自然而然的结果用现在分词
过去分词作状语: 句子的主语是分词动作的承受者, 则要用过去分词(done)
作
状
语 不定式作状语:
(1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语;
(2)only to do sth. 为不定式作结果状语, 表示出乎意料的结果;
(3)形容词或过去分词作表语时, 后接不定式作状语。常见词有: happy、lucky、anxious、proud、disappointed、surprised、delighted、foolish、pleased、fortunate 等;
(4)牢记“主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do”句式, 不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
【典例展示1】
(2024 ·浙江1月高考)
However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra __________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
解题思维: 分析句子结构可知, 此空为非谓语动词作目的状语, 表示购买额外分量的食品从而享受价格减免并没有意义。故填 to benefit。
【典例展示2】
(2023·全国乙卷)
__________(visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.
解题思维: 分析句子结构可知, 此空为非谓语动词作状语。主语I和visit之间为逻辑上的主动关系, 再根据时间状语over the last 10 years可知, 应该用动词-ing形式的完成式, 置于句首, 首字母大写。故填 Having visited。
技法五 句型格式法——作宾语补足语
作
宾
语
补
足
语 不定式作宾语补足语:
常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有tell、order、allow、permit、enable、persuade、force、warn、encourage、ask、invite、expect等
have的固定用法:
have sb. /sth. doing sth. 让某人/某物一直做某事
have sth. done让某事被做
have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
作
宾
语
补
足
语 分词作宾语补足语:
(1)现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动、进行;
(2)过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成;
(3)常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有: have、make、get、leave、find、see、notice、watch、hear、feel、want、like 等
【典例展示】
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left __________(want) more next time.
解题思维: 分析句子结构可知, 此处考查“leave sb. +宾语补足语”, 本句是被动语态, want是主语补足语, 根据句意, I与want之间在逻辑上是主动关系, 需用现在分词。故填 wanting。
精练新题 提升素养
Passage 1
(2025·河北模拟)
　　Located near the South China Sea, Guangzhou has long been known
1. ________ the “southern gate of China”. As the end of the Maritime Silk Road, Guangzhou has always been 2. _______ important port city for China’s foreign trade. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Guangzhou was a world-famed port with a special agency 3. _______(task) with managing foreign trade matters.
1. 【解析】as。考查介词。be known as 为固定搭配, 意为 “作为……而闻名”, 此处表示广州作为 “中国南大门” 而闻名, 故填 as。
2. 【解析】an。考查冠词。port city 为可数名词单数, 此处表示 “一个重要的港口城市”, 表泛指, 且 important 发音以元音音素开头, 所以用不定冠词 an。
3. 【解析】tasked。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语 was, 空处为非谓语动词。agency与task之间为被动关系(机构 “被赋予任务”), 所以用过去分词作后置定语修饰 agency, 故填 tasked。
　　During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Guangzhou was the only window for trade and cultural exchange between East and West. The thirteen trading houses(“the Thirteen Hongs in Canton”) were the only institutions 4. ________(legal) approved by the Qing government to specialize in foreign trade. They were established 5. _______ (develop) direct trade relations with countries in Asia, Europe and the Americas. Guangzhou was the channel through 6. __________ most Western technology, industry, religion and culture were introduced to China. Chinese artifacts(手工艺品), ideas, and culture also traveled from Guangzhou to other 7. __________(part) of the world.
4. 【解析】legally。考查副词。修饰过去分词 approved 需用副词形式, legally 意为 “合法地”, 表示这些机构是被清政府合法批准的, 故填 legally。
5. 【解析】to develop。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语 were established, 此处用动词不定式 to develop 作目的状语, 表示建立 “广州十三行” 的目的是发展与亚洲、欧洲、美洲国家的直接贸易关系, 故填 to develop。
6. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。先行词为 channel, 指物, 在 “介词 + 关系代词” 引导的定语从句中, through 为介词, 关系代词只能用 which, 代替先行词在从句中作 through 的宾语, 故填 which。
7. 【解析】parts。考查名词的数。part 为可数名词, other 后接可数名词复数形式, 表示 “世界其他地区”, 故填 parts。
　　Since ancient times, Guangzhou 8. _______(be) the political, economic, and cultural center of Guangdong and the wider Lingnan region to 9. ________ (it) north. A gathering point for Western tourists, religious figures and merchants to China, Guangzhou was a pioneer in welcoming Western civilizations and
10. ________ (facilitate) Sino-foreign cultural exchange and integration.
8. 【解析】has been。考查动词时态和主谓一致。由 “Since ancient times” 可知, 句子时态应用现在完成时, 结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”, 主语 Guangzhou 为单数, 所以用 has been, 故填 has been。
9. 【解析】its。考查代词。修饰名词 north 需用形容词性物主代词, its north 表示 “它的北部”, 故填 its。
10. 【解析】facilitating。考查非谓语动词。and 连接两个并列的动名词短语, 空处与welcoming 并列, 作介词in的宾语, 故填 facilitating。
【文章大意】本文为说明文, 介绍了广州作为 “中国南大门” 的重要地位。
外刊原创 高考同源
Passage 2
　　Yao Jianping 1. _________(know)as the “Queen of Suzhou Embroidery(刺绣). ” With just a needle and colorful silk threads, she can create beautiful pictures 2. __________look almost real. She has been called a “Master of Folk Arts and Crafts” by UNESCO, a big world 3. __________ (organize).
1. 【解析】is known。考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。be known as 为固定搭配, 意为 “被誉为”, 句子描述客观事实, 时态用一般现在时, 主语 Yao Jianping 为单数, 故填 is known。
2. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。先行词为 pictures, 指物, 在从句中作主语, 故用关系代词 that/which 引导定语从句, 修饰先行词, 故填 that/which。
3. 【解析】organization。考查词性转换。空前为形容词 big 和名词 world, 需填名词。organize 的名词形式为 organization(组织), 此处指联合国教科文组织, 故填 organization。
　　Yao started learning embroidery when she was 12. Her family 4. _________ (do)embroidery for many years, and her mother taught her the skills. She worked very hard 5. _________ became better and better. When she went to art school, she saw 6. _________(amaze) embroidery works and wanted to improve. She studied with a great teacher for four years and learned how 7. __________ (make) her pictures come alive.
4. 【解析】had done。考查动词时态。根据 “for many years” 及 “taught”(过去动作)可知, “家族从事刺绣” 是过去的过去, 时态用过去完成时, 结构为 had + 过去分词, 故填 had done。
5. 【解析】and。考查连词。“worked very hard” 与 “became better and better” 为并列谓语, 用 and 连接表示顺承关系, 故填 and。
6. 【解析】amazing。考查词性转换。修饰名词 works 需用形容词, amaze 的形容词形式 amazing(令人惊叹的)修饰物, 故填 amazing。
7. 【解析】to make。考查非谓语动词。how to do sth. 为固定结构, 作 learned 的宾语, 意为 “学习如何使她的作品栩栩如生”, 故填 to make。
　　Yao’s art is now known all over the world. One of her famous works was a gift to Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK. It showed the Queen and her husband and took more than three 8. __________ (month) to finish. Her works can be seen in important places like the Great Hall of the People and even Buckingham Palace.
8. 【解析】months。考查名词的数。month 为可数名词, 空前有 three 修饰, 应用复数形式, 故填 months。
　　Yao’s life shows how hard work, creativity, and love for tradition can make something 9. __________(true) special. Through her embroidery, she shares the beauty of Chinese culture 10. __________ the world.
9. 【解析】truly。考查副词。修饰形容词 special 需用副词, true 的副词形式为 truly(真正地), 表示 “真正特别的事物”, 故填 truly。
10. 【解析】with。考查介词。share sth. with sb. 为固定搭配, 意为 “与某人分享某物”, 此处表示 “与世界分享中国文化之美”, 故填 with。
【文章大意】本文为人物传记, 介绍了被誉为 “苏绣皇后” 的姚建萍。她以一针一线创造出栩栩如生的刺绣作品, 被联合国教科文组织授予 “民间工艺美术大师” 称号。
【备选习题】
Passage
(2025·湖北模拟)
　　Lifeline Express, a project 1. _______ transforms trains into mobile hospitals for cataract(白内障) operations, has provided free surgeries for 240, 000 patients in remote and less developed areas across 28 provincial-level regions in more than three decades, according to an 2. _______ (operate) of the project.
1. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。先行词是 project, 指物, 在从句中作主语, 所以用关系代词 that 或 which 引导定语从句, 故填 that/which。
2. 【解析】operator。考查词性转换。根据空前的 an 可知, 此处需要填名词, 结合语境, 表示 “此项目的一名操作人员”应用operate 的名词形式 operator, 意为 “操作人员”, 故填 operator。
　　The project 3. __________(launch) in 1997 as a gift from the people of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, making an attempt 4. __________ (mark) its return to the motherland, said the Chinese Foundation for Lifeline Express during a news conference in Beijing.
3. 【解析】was launched。考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句子主语 The project 与 launch 是被动关系, 且根据时间状语 in 1997 可知, 时态为一般过去时, 主语为单数, 所以用一般过去时的被动语态, 故填 was launched。
4. 【解析】to mark。考查非谓语动词。make an attempt to do sth. 为固定用法, 意为 “试图做某事”, 故填 to mark。
　　Since then, the fleet(车队) has grown to four trains and 33 hospitals have got involved in 5. ________ initiative. Meanwhile, the project has donated 96 ophthalmology(眼科) centers in 24 provincial-level regions 6. ________ trained more than 340 grassroots ophthalmologists on cataract surgical 7. __________ (technique).
5. 【解析】the。考查冠词。此处特指 “健康快车” 这个项目, 所以用定冠词 the 修饰 initiative, 故填 the。
6. 【解析】and。考查连词。“donated 96 ophthalmology centers” 和 “trained more than 340 grassroots ophthalmologists” 是并列关系, 都表示项目所做的工作, 所以用 and 连接, 故填 and。
7. 【解析】techniques。考查名词的数。technique 作 “技术, 技巧” 讲时为可数名词, 结合语境, “超过340名基层眼科医生接受白内障手术技术培训”, 这里应用复数形式 techniques, 故填 techniques。
　　Since 2016, the project has stepped up work in countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative and carried 8. __________ 4, 360 cataract surgeries for patients from Uzbekistan and six other 9. __________(neighbor) countries; as well as donated blindness prevention cooperation centers in four member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
8. 【解析】out。考查介词。carry out 为固定短语, 意为 “实施, 开展”, 此处表示开展4 360例白内障手术, 故填 out。
9. 【解析】neighboring。考查词性转换。此处需要用形容词修饰名词 countries, neighboring 意为 “邻近的, 相邻的”, neighboring countries 表示 “邻国”, 故填 neighboring。
　　This year, the project is expected to arrange two trains and provide free operations for about 6, 000 cataract patients. Also, it 10. __________(send) mobile medical teams to five cities.
10. 【解析】will send。考查动词时态。根据 “This year” 以及 “is expected to” 可知, 此处表示今年将要发生的动作, 时态应用一般将来时, 故填 will send。
【文章大意】本文为说明文, 介绍了 “健康快车” 项目。该项目将火车改造成移动医院, 为白内障患者进行手术。
反复精读 识记积累
障碍
词语 Maritime Silk Road 海上丝绸之路;world-famed adj. 举世闻名的; Sino-foreign adj. 中外的(Passage 1)
the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂(Passage 2)
the Belt and Road Initiative “一带一路” 倡议(Passage)
熟词
生义 come alive熟义: 苏醒;活跃 生义: 栩栩如生(艺术效果) (Passage 2)
fleet 熟义: n. 舰队(海军)　　生义: n. 车队(医疗列车)(Passage)
长难句
分析 1. Guangzhou was the channel through which most Western technology, industry, religion and culture were introduced to China.
分析: 这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。“through which most Western technology, industry, religion and culture were introduced to China” 是一个定语从句, 修饰先行词 “channel”。“which” 在从句中作 “through” 的宾语。
翻译: 广州是西方大部分技术、工业、宗教和文化传入中国的渠道。(Passage 1)
长难句
分析 2. With just a needle and colorful silk threads, she can create beautiful pictures that/which look almost real.
分析: 主干: she can create beautiful pictures(主谓宾结构)
方式状语: With just a needle and. . . (通过针线创作)
定语从句: that/which look almost real(修饰 “pictures”, 说明刺绣的逼真效果)
翻译: 仅用一根针和彩色丝线, 她就能创作出栩栩如生的精美图案。(Passage 2)

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