资源简介

(共49张PPT)
第4节　无提示词类——冠词、介词、代词
技法探究 强化意识
【考查类型】
【解题捷径】
1. 分析句子结构, 根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。
2. 如果空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义, 或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式, 那么空格处一般填冠词。
3. 如果句中不缺主语、谓语、表语或动词的宾语, 设空处与其后面的成分作定语或状语时, 一般是填介词。有时也要考虑固定搭配。
4. 如果句中缺少主语或宾语一般要填代词。
技法一 当空处需要填冠词时
1. 明晰冠词的解题思路
2. 牢记含有冠词的常用固定搭配
(1)含有不定冠词的固定搭配
have a rest(休息);have a break(休息);take a walk(散步);have a look(看一看);in a moment(立刻);in a minute(马上);once upon a time(从前)等。
(2)含有定冠词的固定搭配
make the most of(充分利用);in the daytime(在白天);in the end(最后);in the habit of(有……习惯);not in the least(not at all)(一点也不);in the distance(在远处);in the way(挡道)等。
【典例展示1】
(2024·浙江1月高考)
Then, when you use one section, __________ other stays fresh.
解题思维: 分析句子结构可知, 此处考查固定搭配。the other意为“另一个”, 故填 the。
【典例展示2】
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
The meat should be fresh with __________touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
解题思维: 分析句子结构可知, 该空在名词前, 再结合语境可知, 应填冠词。a touch of 为固定搭配, 意为“稍许”。故填 a。
技法二 当空处需要填介词时
　　介词常用于名词、代词或动词-ing形式前, 构成介词短语。
类　别 短　语
由 at 构成的短语 at dawn/sunrise/noon/night/dusk(黎明、日出、中午、晚上、黄昏); at table/college(吃饭、上大学);at last(最后);at a time(一次);at times(有时
候);at the same time(同时);at all costs(不惜一切代价)
由 by 构成的短语 by accident/chance(偶然);by turns(轮流);by check(用支票);by mistake
(错误地);by no means(决不);by e-mail(通过电子邮件);by birth(生来);
by means of(借助……手段);by the way(顺便说一句)
类　别 短　语
由 from 构成的短语 from memory(凭记忆);from day to day(日复一日);from now on(从现在起);from bad to worse(越来越糟);from beginning to end(从头到尾);from time to time(时不时地)
由 in 构成的短语 in high/poor/bad spirits(情绪高涨/低落/差);in tears(泪流满面);in fear(在恐惧中);in danger(在危险中);in peace(和平地);in surprise(惊讶地);in trouble(陷入困境);in safety(安全);in need(迫切需要)
类　别 短　语
由 on 构成的短语 on board(乘车/船);on duty(值班);on fire(着火);on earth(到底);on holiday/vacation(度假);on strike(罢工);on show(在上映);on(the) average(平均);on purpose(故意地);on the contrary(相反);on the way to(在去……的路上);on foot(步行);on hire(雇用);on business(出差); on sale(在出售/在打折);on a visit(在访问);on the spot(当场);on the phone(在打/通电话);on time(准时)
类　别 短　语
由 of 构成的短语 ①of+抽象名词=形容词　②of+great/much+抽象名词 = very+形容词(例: It is of great/much value. =It is very valuable. )　③of+no+抽象名词 = not+形容词(例: It is of no use. =It is not useful. =It is useless. )
由 out of 构成的短语 out of breath(喘不过气);out of control(失去控制);out of danger(脱险);out of work(失业);out of date(过时);out of fashion(过时);out of order(发生故障);out of reach(拿不到);out of touch(失去联系);out of the question(不可能的)
【典例展示1】
(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)
I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways __________Romeo and Juliet. ”
解题思维: 根据上文的“Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion is similar in some ways”和下文的“Romeo and Juliet”可知, 此处表示两部戏剧有相似之处, 用“be similar to”结构。故填 to。
【典例展示2】
(2023·全国甲卷)
She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility__________saving their environment.
解题思维: 分析句子结构可知, 空格在动词-ing形式前, 应考虑用介词, 结合句意可知, 此处考查固定短语“take responsibility for”, 意为“对……负责”。故填 for。
【典例展示3】
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
There, you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed__________hand rather than rolled.
解题思维: 分析句子结构可知, 空格在名词前, 应考虑介词与名词的搭配。by hand是固定搭配, 意为“用手”。故填 by。
技法三 当空处需要填代词时
　　当句中缺少主语或宾语时, 一般要填代词, 主要包括不定代词和it。
1. 熟记不定代词的区别
the other 指两者中的另一个, 表示特指
other 表示泛指, 意为“另外的, 其他的”, 修饰可数名词复数, 不可单独使用
others 泛指“其他人”或“其他物”, 常用结构: some. . . others. . .
the others 表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”
another 泛指同类的人或物, 指三者或三者以上的另一个, 可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数
one 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的 “一个”, 其复数形式是 ones
that 指代上文出现的单数名词或不可数名词
those 指代上文出现的复数名词
2. 牢记代词it的常考用法
(1)指代天气、时间、距离等。
(2)代替上文提到过的事物。
(3)代替性别不明的婴儿、动物或不确定的某个人。
(4)代替不定式、动词-ing形式或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。
(5)it的常用固定句型
·It is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他.
·It+be+adj. +of/for sb. to do sth.
·It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
·It is a pity/a fact/no wonder/adj. +that. . .
·It seems/appears/turned out/occurred to sb. +that. . .
·It is said/reported/believed. . . +that. . .
·It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.
·主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/make/keep. . . +it+补语+to do sth. /that. . .
·主语+like/hate/love/appreciate. . . +it+从句
【典例展示1】
If you are time-poor, you need to run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give__________a try.
解题思维: 根据句意可知, 此处表示“我们都应该试着跑步”, 指代上文中的跑步这件事。故填 it。
【典例展示2】
Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap__________can be to eat out.
解题思维: 分析句子结构可知, 此处应用it作形式主语, 不定式to eat out为真正的主语。故填 it。
精练新题 提升素养
Passage 1
(2025·茂名模拟)
　　If you love cartoons and often hang out on social media, you have probably seen a young woman stepping in and out of different cartoon worlds. In one video, she turns herself into a 1. ________ (fashion) lady. In another, she plays with dragons while 2. __________(dress) in traditional Chinese clothing.
1. 【解析】fashionable。考查词形转换。此处需要用形容词修饰名词 lady, fashion 的形容词形式 fashionable 意为 “时尚的”, 表示 “一位时尚的女士”, 故填 fashionable。
2. 【解析】dressed。考查非谓语动词。while 引导时间状语从句的省略形式, 完整形式为 while she is dressed in traditional Chinese clothing, 从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时, 可省略从句主语和 be 动词, be dressed in 为固定搭配, 意为 “穿着”, 故填 dressed。
　　This woman is Mi Lei, or Lei Yumeng, 3. __________ creative videos look magical. But Lei is not a magician, but 4. __________ artist.
3. 【解析】whose。考查定语从句。先行词为 Mi Lei, 在从句中作 creative videos 的定语, 表示所属关系, 所以用关系代词 whose 引导定语从句, 故填 whose。
4. 【解析】an。考查冠词。artist 为可数名词单数, 此处表示 “一位艺术家”, 表泛指, 且 artist 发音以元音音素开头, 所以用不定冠词 an。
　　Lei demonstrated a talent 5. __________ painting from an early age. But it was not until high school that she took it 6. __________(serious). In her art classes, there were many talented students. Lei would often quietly watch another girl draw, thinking that she could never achieve that level. But instead of giving up, she tried her best to close the gap. One day, while drawing a picture, Lei noticed someone 7. __________(stand) behind her. It was that girl. “You draw very well, ” she said. The simple praise filled Lei with confidence. She started to work even harder.
5. 【解析】for。考查介词。(a) talent for. . . 为固定搭配, 意为 “……的天赋”, 此处表示Mi Lei从小就表现出绘画天赋, 故填 for。
6. 【解析】seriously。考查副词。take sth. seriously 为固定短语, 意为 “认真对待某事”, 此处表示直到高中她才认真对待绘画, 故填 seriously。
7. 【解析】standing。考查非谓语动词。notice sb. doing sth. 为固定用法, 意为 “注意到某人正在做某事”, 此处表示她注意到有人正站在她身后, 故填 standing。
　　Later, Lei studied art in the U. S. where she learned about storyboarding—using pictures to tell stories. She was interested in it and pushed herself to be perfect. One day, when the teacher assigned the class 8. __________(create) a cartoon character, Lei made over 100 and chose the best one to hand in.
8. 【解析】to create。考查非谓语动词。assign sb. to do sth. 为固定搭配, 意为 “分配某人做某事”, 此处表示老师布置任务让同学们创作一个卡通人物, 故填 to create。
　　When Lei 9. __________(stick) at home, she wanted to try something new. She thought of bridging 10. __________(real) and fantasy. Many of her magical videos went viral and got over 20, 000 likes.
9. 【解析】was stuck。考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。be stuck 为固定短语, 意为 “被困住”, 根据语境可知, 句子时态为一般过去时, 主语Lei为单数, 所以用一般过去时的被动语态 was stuck, 故填 was stuck。
10. 【解析】reality。考查词形转换。根据语境, 此处需要名词作 bridging 的宾语, real 的名词形式 reality 意为 “现实”, 表示 “连接现实与幻想”, 故填 reality。
【文章大意】本文为记叙文, 介绍了艺术家Mi Lei凭借将现实与幻想融合的创意视频走红的故事。
外刊原创 高考同源
Passage 2
　　In just ten years, Liuzhou, a city in Guangxi, China, 1. __________(turn) Luosifen—river snail rice noodles—from a local street snack into a booming national industry.
1. 【解析】has turned。考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据 “In just ten years” 可知, 动作从过去持续到现在, 时态用现在完成时, 结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”, 主语 Liuzhou 为单数, 故填 has turned。
　　This unique dish, 2. __________(know) for its strong smell and rich flavor, now earns billions of yuan each year. The Luosifen industry connects farming, food processing, and tourism, to help develop the countryside and improve local 3. __________(income).
2. 【解析】known。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语 earns, 空处为非谓语动词。dish 与 know 之间为被动关系(菜肴 “被熟知”), 用过去分词作后置定语, 故填 known。
3. 【解析】incomes。考查名词的数。income 作 “收入” 讲时为可数名词, 此处泛指 “当地收入”, 用复数形式, 故填 incomes。
　　The government has supported the whole process—from growing ingredients 4. __________ making and selling the noodles. Liuzhou now has four main industrial zones with over 120 companies involved. More than 45 major businesses and 180 5. __________(small) ones are part of the supply chain.
4. 【解析】to。考查介词。from. . . to. . . 为固定搭配, 意为 “从…… 到……”, 此处表示 “从种植食材到制作、销售面条”, 故填 to。
5. 【解析】smaller。考查形容词比较级。根据语境 “超过45 家主要企业和 180 家更小的企业”, 与 major 形成对比, 用比较级 smaller, 故填 smaller。
　　Key ingredients like river snails, bamboo shoots, and long beans 6. ________ (grow) on large farms. In some areas, farmers use 7. _______ (create) farming methods, like growing lotus or raising shrimp and fish along with snails, 8. ______ (make) better use of the land and earn more money.
6. 【解析】are grown。考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句子描述客观事实, 时态用一般现在时。ingredients 与 grow 为被动关系(食材 “被种植”), 主语为复数, 故填 are grown。
7. 【解析】creative。考查词形转换。修饰名词 methods 需用形容词, create 的形容词形式为 creative(创造性的), 故填 creative。
8. 【解析】to make。考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作目的状语, 故填 to make。
　　Luosifen has become a well-known brand in China, with 9. __________ value of over 12. 5 billion yuan. Thanks to online shopping and livestream 10. ________ (promote), more than 100 million packages are delivered each year.
9. 【解析】a。考查冠词。a value of. . . 为固定搭配, 意为 “…… 的价值”, 此处表示 “品牌价值超 125 亿元”, 故填 a。
10. 【解析】promotion。考查词形转换。根据空前的to可知, 需填名词。promote 的名词形式为 promotion(推广), 故填 promotion。
【文章大意】本文为说明文, 介绍了广西柳州在十年内将螺蛳粉从地方小吃发展成蓬勃的全国产业的历程。
【备选习题】
Passage
(2025·江苏南京·考前预测)
　　A mushroom used for centuries in Chinese medicine reduces weight gain in animals, say researchers. The study, 1. __________(publish) in Nature Communications, suggested Ganoderma lucidum(灵芝) slowed weight gain by changing bacteria(细菌) in the stomach. The researchers suggested the mushroom should eventually be used in the 2. __________(treat) of obesity(肥胖).
1. 【解析】published。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语 suggested, 空处为非谓语动词。study 与 publish 为被动关系(研究 “被发表”), 用过去分词作后置定语, 故填published。
2. 【解析】treatment。考查词形转换。空前为定冠词 the, 需填名词。treat 的名词形式 treatment 意为 “治疗”, in the treatment of obesity 表示 “在肥胖治疗中”, 故填 treatment。
　　The team analysed the impact of the fungus(菌) on mice 3. __________(feed) a high-fat diet. Those 4. __________ just a high-fat diet reached 42 g after their first two months while all the mice 5. __________ were also given a large amount of mushroom reached only 35 g.
3. 【解析】fed。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语 analysed, 空处为非谓语动词。mice与feed之间为被动关系(小鼠 “被喂” 高脂饮食), 用过去分词作后置定语, 故填fed。
4. 【解析】on。考查介词。on a diet 为固定搭配, 意为 “吃某种饮食”, 此处表示 “仅吃高脂饮食的老鼠”, 故填 on。
5. 【解析】that。考查定语从句。先行词为 mice, 在从句中作主语。因为先行词被不定代词all修饰, 用关系代词that。故填that。
　　In their report, the team said mushroom may be used as a kind of food
6. __________(reduce) body weight gain in obese individuals, although this would need 7. __________(far) testing in people.
6. 【解析】to reduce。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语 may be used, 此处用不定式作目的状语, 表示 “作为一种食物来减少体重增长”, 故填 to reduce。
7. 【解析】further。考查形容词比较级。根据语境 “需要在人体中进行进一步的测试”, far 的比较级 further 表示 “进一步的”, 故填 further。
　　The study also showed that adding the mushroom to the mice’s meals changed the types of bacteria living in the stomach, which are heavily involved in digestion and 8. __________ release of energy. The scientists discovered that transplanting droppings from the mushroom-fed mice to other mice 9. __________ (help) the recipient keep off the pounds.
8. 【解析】the。考查冠词。特指release of energy“能量的释放”, 需用定冠词 the, 故填 the。
9. 【解析】helped。考查动词时态。主句谓语 discovered 为过去式, 此处表示过去发生的事情, 时态用一般过去时, 故填 helped。
　　Prof. Colin Hill, a microbiologist at University College Cork in Ireland, said, “I like the idea of some of these Chinese medicine stories coming back into science. I love it 10. __________ we revisit traditional medicines. ”
10. 【解析】when。考查状语从句。此处表示 “当我们重新审视传统药物时”, 用 when 引导时间状语从句, 故填 when。
【文章大意】本文为说明文, 介绍了一项关于灵芝减重作用的研究。研究表明, 灵芝通过改变肠道菌群可减缓动物体重增长, 未来可能用于肥胖治疗。
反复精读 识记积累
障碍
词语 go viral 走红;病毒式传播(网络用语)(Passage 1)
industrial zone 工业园区;supply chain 供应链(Passage 2)
microbiologist n. 微生物学家(Passage)
熟词
生义 bridge 熟义: n. 桥梁　　　生义: v. 弥合;连接(Passage 1)
长难句
分析 But it was not until high school that she took it seriously.
分析: 强调句结构: it was not until. . . that. . . (直到……才……)
主干: she took it seriously(“it” 指代绘画, “seriously” 为副词修饰动词)
翻译: 但直到高中, 她才认真对待绘画。(Passage 1)
长难句
分析 The study, published in Nature Communications, suggested Ganoderma lucidum slowed weight gain by changing bacteria in the stomach.
分析: 主干: The study suggested Ganoderma lucidum slowed weight gain(主语+谓语+宾语从句)
定语: published in Nature Communications(过去分词短语作后置定语, 表被动, 说明研究发表情况)
状语: by changing bacteria in the stomach(说明灵芝抑制体重的方式)
翻译: 发表在《自然·通讯》上的研究表明, 灵芝通过改变胃部细菌减缓了体重增长。(Passage)

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