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(共60张PPT)
第1节　词义辨析题——耐心读, 下面有线索
技法探究 强化意识
　　完形填空语篇一般为记叙文或者夹叙夹议文。无论什么体裁, 文章总有一个核心话题, 与该话题有关的内容会在文章中反复出现。很多情况下, 考生可以利用这一现象快速解题。语篇中的词汇复现包括原词复现、同/近/反义词复现、同根词复现、上/下义词复现和代词复现等。
【考查类型】
【解题步骤】
【典例展示1】
(2025·全国Ⅱ卷·节选)
　　She only started to　41　 seven years ago after having a 　42(wake-up)　 call. She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues, which 　43(ultimately)　 led her to getting surgery. After that experience, she knew that she needed to make a 　44(change)　. Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 　45(healthy)　 lifestyle, before discovering a 　46(passion)　 for weightlifting.
41. A. write　　　　 B. travel
C. exercise D. recover
考查动词词义辨析。句意: 她在7年前被敲响警钟后才开始锻炼。根据下文中的work out可知, 她决定改变生活, 然后开始锻炼, 判断C选项exercise和work out 意思相同, 根据同义复现的原则可知, 她开始锻炼身体。故选　C　。
【典例展示2】
(2023·全国乙卷·节选)
　　“I’m going to inspire so many people, ”she said. “I’m ready to 　60　. ”And shine she did.
60. A. shine B. fly
C. dance D. score
考查动词词义辨析。句意: 她说: “我准备发光了。”并且她真的发光了。根据后句中的shine可知, 设空处是原词复现。这种复现增强了语言的表达能力。故选　A　。
【典例展示3】
(2023·全国甲卷·节选)
　　What we discovered is that it’s 51(unwise) to judge what you eat only by its 52(appearance). Those tomatoes had a 　53　 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 54(look) perfect but taste of water.
53. A. size B. shape C. color D. taste
考查名词词义辨析。句意: 那些西红柿的味道让我想起了小时候我的叔叔常常种的那些西红柿。根据下文中的taste of water可知, 此处就是taste的原词复现。故选　D　。
【即时巩固】
(2025·沈阳模拟)
　　Some time ago, I decided to do a “Moonwalk Marathon” for charity. In the hours before midnight, with 　1　 music, energetic warm-up activities and enthusiastic organizers exciting the crowds, groups of friends 　2　 up and prepared for 10-hour walks through the streets.
　　The good news was that I’d trained, gradually 　3　 the length of my walks before the event. I had comfortable walking shoes. I had full 　4　 that I could properly deal with the physical requirements ahead. But I was to discover that it was the mental 　5　 that were the most difficult. With thousands of people around, I didn’t have a(n) 　6　 to talk to. All of these made a very 　7　 and lonely 10-hour walk. By 1 a. m. , I was completely 　8　. The only thing I had to keep me taking one step after another toward the 　9　 was my own thoughts.
　　My Moonwalk experience taught me that while it can be　10　 to have people around to coach and 　11　 you when you are feeling like giving up, the only person with you is yourself. You will encounter various kinds of difficulties in life, so you must train yourself to face the difficulties 　12　 and bravely.
　　By the way, I did complete the Moonwalk Marathon. When I　13　 my medal, I felt a huge sense of achievement, and was seized with the 　14　 that the mindset makes much of a difference between giving up and 　15　 your goals.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参加为慈善机构举办的“夜间步行马拉松”活动的经历以及从中获得的感悟。
1. A. inspiring B. emotional
C. classical D. amusing
【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 在午夜前的几个小时里, 伴随着鼓舞人心的音乐、充满活力的热身活动和热情的组织者激发着人群, 一群群朋友聚集起来, 准备在街道上进行10个小时的步行。inspiring鼓舞人心的;emotional情感的;classical古典的;amusing有趣的。根据下文“energetic warm-up activities and enthusiastic organizers exciting the crowds”可知, 此处描述的是活动前的积极氛围, “鼓舞人心的”音乐符合语境。故选A。
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2. A. called B. held
C. kept D. met
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。called打电话; held握住; kept保持;met遇见, 聚集。根据上文“groups of friends”以及下文“and prepared for 10-hour walks through the streets”可知, 朋友们“聚集”起来准备参加活动。故选D。
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3. A. abandoning B. accumulating
C. accelerating D. increasing
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 好消息是, 我进行了训练, 在活动前逐渐增加了步行的距离。 abandoning放弃; accumulating积累;accelerating加速;increasing增加。根据上文“The good news was that I’d trained”和“gradually”以及下文“the length of my walks before the event”可知, 此处指逐渐“增加”步行距离。故选D。
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4. A. function B. confidence
C. awareness D. promise
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我完全相信自己能够很好地应对接下来的体能要求。function功能;confidence信心;awareness意识; promise承诺。根据上文“I had comfortable walking shoes. ”以及下文“I could properly deal with the physical requirements ahead. ”可知, 作者有舒适的鞋子, 所以有“信心”应对体能要求。故选B。
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5. A. commands B. recommendations
C. demands D. deals
【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 但我发现最难的是精神上的要求。commands命令;recommendations建议;demands需求, 要求;deals交易。根据下文“All of these made a very 　　　and lonely 10-hour walk. ”并结合上文提到作者物质装备精良可知, 此处指精神上的“要求”是最难的。故选C。
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6. A. stranger B. partner
C. competitor D. opponent
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 周围有成千上万的人, 我却没有一个可以交谈的伙伴。stranger陌生人;partner伙伴;competitor竞争者;opponent对手。根据上文“With thousands of people around”以及“I didn’t have a(n)”可知, 此处表示对比转折, 虽然人多, 但没有一个可以交谈的“伙伴”。故选B。
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7. A. appropriate B. fierce
C. challenging D. moderate
【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 所有这些让这10个小时的步行变得非常有挑战性且孤独。appropriate合适的;fierce激烈的;challenging有挑战性的;moderate适度的。根据上文“But I was to discover that it was the mental 　　　that were the most difficult. With thousands of people around, I didn’t have a(n) 　　　to talk to. ”可知, 精神上困难且没有交谈伙伴, 所以这10个小时的步行是“有挑战性的”。故选C。
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8. A. desperate B. unconscious
C. hesitant D. exhausted
【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 到早上1点, 我已经筋疲力尽了。desperate绝望的; unconscious无意识的;hesitant犹豫的; exhausted筋疲力尽的。根据上文“All of these made a very 　　　and lonely 10-hour walk. ”可知, 10个小时的步行很有挑战性, 所以作者此时“筋疲力尽”。故选D。
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9. A. finish B. passage
C. audience D. exit
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 唯一能让我朝着终点一步一步走下去的就是我自己的想法。finish终点; passage通道;audience观众; exit出口。根据上文“The only thing I had to keep me taking one step after another”可知, 作者在步行活动中, 所以是朝着“终点”前进。故选A。
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10. A. cautious B. helpful
C. fundamental D. attentive
【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 我的夜间步行经历告诉我, 当你想要放弃的时候, 有人在身边指导和支持你是有帮助的, 但唯一与你同在的人是你自己。cautious谨慎的; helpful有帮助的;fundamental基本的;attentive专注的。根据下文“to have people around to coach and
　　　you when you are feeling like giving up”可知, 想要放弃时有人指导和支持是“有帮助的”。故选B。
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11. A. emphasize B. ensure
C. support D. assume
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。 emphasize强调;ensure确保;support支持;assume假设。根据“coach and 　　　you when you are feeling like giving up”可知, 此处与“coach”并列, “支持”符合语境。故选C。
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12. A. deliberately B. definitely
C. instantly D. independently
【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 你在生活中会遇到各种各样的困难, 因此你必须训练自己独立而勇敢地面对困难。deliberately故意地;definitely肯定地;instantly立即;independently独立地。根据上文“the only person with you is yourself”可知, 唯一与你同在的人是你自己, 所以要“独立”面对困难。故选D。
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13. A. picked up B. accounted for
C. put up D. hoped for
【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 当我拿起我的奖牌时, 我感到非常有成就感, 并且坚信心态在放弃和实现目标之间有很大的影响。picked up拿起; accounted for解释;put up张贴;hoped for希望。根据下文“I felt a huge sense of achievement”以及常识可知, 作者完成了活动, 所以“拿起”奖牌。故选A。
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14. A. news B. faith
C. principle D. passion
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。news新闻;faith信念, 坚信;principle原则;passion热情。根据上文“I felt a huge sense of achievement”以及下文“the mindset makes much of a difference”可知, 作者完成活动后很有成就感, 感悟到了心态的重要性, 所以“坚信”心态有很大影响。故选B。
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15. A. achieving B. setting
C. adjusting D. seeking
【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。achieving实现;setting设置;adjusting调整;seeking寻求。根据上文“the mindset makes much of a difference”以及空格前后“between. . . and. . . ”连接并列或相对内容可知, 此处应与“giving up(放弃)”相反, 应为“实现”目标。故选A。
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【备选习题】
Passage 1
(2025·安徽模拟)
　　Ian Sandler’s 9-year-old daughter, Riley Sandler, went to a sleepaway camp for the summer. Early one morning, at around 1: 30 a. m. , the family got a(n) 　1　 from the camp.
　　“The voice on the other end was saying that Riley had 　2　; and that they were taking her to a hospital and that I needed to get there 　3　. ” Sandler remembered.
　　Sandler and his family lived in New York City. The hospital where Riley was being 　4　 was hours away. Sandler was too 　5　 to drive, so he 　6　 an Uber. He put in an address that was in the general direction of where he needed to go. When the driver arrived, Sandler explained the 　7　. The driver said he had three children of his own.
　　It was comforting that the driver could 　8　 Sandler’s situation. He felt a(n) 　9　 wash over him. 　10　, the feeling was soon interrupted by another phone call about Riley. She was going to be moved to a different hospital, even farther away.
　　On hearing it, the driver didn’t 　11　, drove for another three and a half hours and arrived at the hospital at the fastest speed.
　　“I remember trying to 　12　 him. He wouldn’t take a dime. He just knew this was the 　13　 thing that could ever happen to a parent. ”
　　That night was one of the most difficult experiences Sandler has ever 　14　. Yet he still was 　15　 to the Uber driver who got him to the hospital.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。伊恩·桑德勒的女儿露营时晕倒, 优步司机得知情况后, 驱车送他前往不同医院, 他对此心怀感激。
1. A. letter B. call
C. email D. message
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 一天凌晨, 1点30分左右, 这家人接到了营地的一个电话。letter信件; call电话;email电子邮件;message信息。根据下文“The voice on the other end was saying”可知, 这家人接到的是电话, 因为只有打电话时才会听到另一端的声音。故选B。
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2. A. collapsed B. fled
C. attacked D. slept
【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 另一端的声音说莱利晕倒了;他们要送她去医院, 我需要马上赶到那里。collapsed晕倒, 崩溃; fled逃离;attacked攻击; slept睡觉。根据下文“they were taking her to a hospital”可知, 莱利应该是身体出现问题, 结合选项, collapsed符合语境, 即晕倒了才需要送医院。故选A。
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3. A. on time B. sooner or later
C. for a moment D. straight away
【解析】选D。考查短语辨析。句意: 另一端的声音说莱利晕倒了;他们要送她去医院, 我需要马上赶到那里。on time按时;sooner or later迟早;for a moment一会儿;straight away立刻, 马上。根据上文“they were taking her to a hospital”可知, 女儿晕倒被送医院, 作为父亲肯定是需要马上赶到, straight away符合语境。故选D。
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4. A. cured B. lived
C. transported D. checked
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 莱利被送往的医院离他们家有几个小时的路程。cured治愈;lived居住;transported运送;checked检查。根据上文“they were taking her to a hospital”可知, 这里说的是莱利被送往的医院, transport符合语境。故选C。
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5. A. old B. tired
C. shocked D. weak
【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 桑德勒太震惊了以至于无法开车, 所以他预订了一辆优步。 old老的; tired疲惫的;shocked震惊的;weak虚弱的。根据上文“they were taking her to a hospital”以及语境可知, 女儿突然晕倒被送医院, 作为父亲肯定是很震惊, shocked符合语境。故选C。
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6. A. bought B. waved
C. booked D. paid
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。 bought买;waved挥手;booked预订; paid支付。根据下文“an Uber”以及常识可知, 使用优步是需要预订的。故选C。
7. A. reason B. situation
C. case D. dilemma
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 当司机到达时, 桑德勒解释了情况。reason原因;situation情况;case案例;dilemma困境。根据上文“Sandler explained the”以及语境可知, 桑德勒要去医院, 优步司机来了后, 他应该是解释女儿晕倒被送医院, 自己要去医院的情况, situation符合语境。故选B。
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8. A. figure out B. empathize with
C. give up D. turn down
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 司机能体谅桑德勒的处境, 这让他感到安慰。figure out弄清楚;empathize with体谅, 感同身受;give up放弃; turn down拒绝。根据上文“The driver said he had three children of his own. ”可知, 这里指司机能体谅桑德勒的处境, empathize with符合语境。故选B。
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9. A. panic B. calmness
C. happiness D. urge
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他感到一阵平静。panic恐慌;calmness平静;happiness幸福;urge冲动。根据上文“It was comforting”以及语境可知, 因为司机能体谅他, 所以他应该是感到一阵平静, calmness符合语境。故选B。
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10. A. However B. Hence
C. Besides D. Still
【解析】选A。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 然而, 这种感觉很快被另一个关于莱利的电话打断了。However然而; Hence因此;Besides此外; Still仍然。根据下文“the feeling was soon interrupted by another phone call about Riley”以及语境可知, 前面说他感到平静, 后面说这种感觉被打断, 前后是转折关系, However符合语境。故选A。
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11. A. miss a beat B. give up
C. pay attention to D. run away
【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 听到这个消息, 司机没有犹豫, 又开了三个半小时的车, 以最快的速度到达了医院。 miss a beat犹豫, 停顿;give up放弃;pay attention to注意;run away逃跑。根据下文“drove for another three and a half hours and arrived at the hospital at the fastest speed”以及语境可知, 司机没有犹豫就开车送桑德勒去另一个更远的医院, miss a beat符合语境。故选A。
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12. A. tip B. persuade
C. help D. praise
【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我记得我试图给他小费。tip给小费; persuade说服; help帮助;praise表扬。根据下文“He wouldn’t take a dime. ”可知, 桑德勒是想给司机小费, tip符合语境。故选A。
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13. A. unforgettable B. common
C. happiest D. worst
【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 他只是知道这是父母可能遇到的最糟糕的事情。unforgettable难忘的;common常见的;happiest最幸福的;worst最糟糕的。根据上文“they were taking her to a hospital”以及语境可知, 女儿晕倒被送医院, 这对父母来说是很糟糕的事情, worst符合语境。故选D。
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14. A. seen B. learned
C. undergone D. read
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 那个晚上是桑德勒经历过的最艰难的经历之一。seen看见;learned学习; undergone经历;read阅读。根据上文“The voice on the other end was saying that Riley had　　　”描述的女儿晕倒以及他打车去医院等事情可知, 这是他经历过的最艰难的经历之一, undergo符合语境。故选C。
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15. A. sorry B. famous
C. ready D. grateful
【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 然而, 他仍然对送他去医院的优步司机很感激。sorry抱歉的;famous著名的;ready准备好的;grateful感激的。根据上文“On hearing it, the driver didn’t 　　　, drove for another three and a half hours and arrived at the hospital at the fastest speed. ”以及语境可知, 司机对桑德勒给予了很大帮助, 他应该是对司机很感激, grateful符合语境。故选D。
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Passage 2
　　Three days after moving from New Jersey to Nashville, my husband Paul suffered a cardiac(心脏的) arrest at the gym. A shocked employee called me, and I 　1　 to the hospital, unsure of where to go or what to do.
　　For years, I had dreamed of 　2　 New Jersey—the land of malls and highways. But life kept me—and eventually my Long Island-born husband—　3　 planted. Finally, we 　4　 a small house in Nashville, planning to spend our time between the two states. Yet now, standing 　5　 in our new city, I felt lost.
　　But then, something 　6　 happened. Friends from New Jersey rallied(集合) around us. They filled our fridge with foods and vegetables, sent pancakes to the 　7　, and had meals delivered. After Paul’s 　8　, friends flew down to help—cooking, keeping him company, and giving me breaks. Their 　9　 made me realize how much I valued them.
　　By summer, Paul had 　10　, and we drove back to New Jersey. When my eyes caught 　11　 of the “welcome to New Jersey” sign, I smiled. “Hey there, ” I thought, “Land of great food, honest people, and the best 　12　 anyone could ask for. Your taxes may be high, but I’m not ready to 　13　 you. Not just yet. ”
　　Sometimes, it takes moving away to truly 　14　 home. For me, New Jersey wasn’t just a place—it was the people who 　15　 when we needed them most.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在搬到纳什维尔后的第三天丈夫突发心脏病住院, 在住院期间以及出院后她受到的朋友的帮助的感人故事。
1. A. rushed B. walked
C. proceeded D. hesitated
【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 震惊的员工打电话给我, 我冲到医院, 不知道该去哪里或做什么。rushed冲;walked走;proceeded继续进行;hesitated犹豫。根据语境描述的紧急情况可知, 作者“冲”到医院。
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2. A. exploring B. visiting
C. escaping D. changing
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 多年来, 我一直梦想逃离新泽西——这个遍布商场和高速公路的地方。exploring探索;visiting参观;escaping逃离;changing改变。后文提到作者对新泽西的负面印象, “逃离”更贴切。
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3. A. happily B. suddenly
C. luckily D. firmly
【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 但生活让我——以及最终让我长岛出生的丈夫——牢牢扎根于此。happily快乐地;suddenly突然;luckily幸运地;firmly牢固地。与“planted扎根”搭配, “牢固地”最合理。
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4. A. purchased B. rented
C. sold D. built
【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 最终, 我们在纳什维尔买了一栋小房子, 计划在两地之间往返。purchased购买;rented租赁;sold出售;built建造。后文提到“小房子”, 且是长期计划, “购买”更合适。
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5. A. together B. alone
C. lively D. separately
【解析】选B。考查词义辨析。句意: 然而现在, 独自站在新城市里, 我感到迷茫。together一起;alone独自;lively活泼的;separately分开地。根据上文内容可知, 丈夫住院, 作者“独自”在新城市中。
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6. A. terrible B. strange
C. amazing D. funny
【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 但随后, 发生了令人惊叹的事情。terrible糟糕的;strange奇怪的;amazing惊人的;funny有趣的。后文提到朋友们的帮助, 情感色彩积极, “惊人的”最贴切。
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7. A. clinic B. gym
C. house D. hospital
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他们用食物和蔬菜填满我们的冰箱, 把煎饼送到医院, 还安排了送餐。clinic诊所;gym健身房;house房子;hospital医院。前文提到丈夫住院, 因此送到医院。
8. A. surgery B. accident
C. death D. treatment
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 保罗手术后, 朋友们赶来帮忙——做饭, 陪伴他, 并让我休息。surgery手术;accident事故;death死亡;treatment治疗。前文提到心脏骤停, 后续“手术”最合理。
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9. A. courage B. kindness
C. patience D. intelligence
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他们的善意让我意识到我有多珍惜他们。courage勇气;kindness善意;patience耐心;intelligence智慧。从上文内容可知, 朋友们的帮助体现“善意”。
10. A. disappeared B. rested
C. recovered D. improved
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 到了夏天, 保罗康复了, 我们开车回到新泽西。disappeared消失;rested休息;recovered康复;improved改善。从心脏骤停到恢复健康, “康复”最准确。
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11. A. hold B. sight
C. view D. glimpse
【解析】选B。考查固定搭配。句意: 当我看到“欢迎来到新泽西”的标志时, 我笑了。catch sight of 是固定搭配, 意为“看到”。
12. A. friends B. neighbors
C. doctors D. colleagues
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 这里有美食, 诚实的人, 还有任何人所能要求的最好的朋友。friends朋友;neighbors邻居;doctors医生;colleagues同事。全文核心是朋友的支持, “朋友”最契合主题。
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13. A. blame B. forget
C. miss D. quit
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 你的税收可能很高, 但我还没准备好离开你。blame责备;forget忘记;miss想念;quit离开。根据语境可知, 前文表达眷恋, “离开”符合逻辑。
14. A. remember B. recognize
C. appreciate D. understand
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 有时, 只有离开才能真正珍惜家乡。remember记得;recognize认出;appreciate珍惜;understand理解。根据语境可知, 作者离开后意识到家乡的价值, “珍惜”最贴切。
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15. A. gave up B. showed up
C. turned up D. stood up
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 对我来说, 新泽西不仅仅是一个地方——而是那些在我们最需要时出现的人。gave up放弃;showed up出现;turned up调高音量;stood up站起来。根据上文内容可知, 朋友们“出现”来提供帮助。
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反复精读 识记积累
障碍词语 enthusiastic adj. 热情的　encounter vt. 邂逅 (Passage 1)
熟词生义 coach 熟义: n. 教练 生义: vt. 训练, 指导 (Passage 1)
长难句分析 My Moonwalk experience taught me that while it can be helpful to have people around to coach and support you when you are feeling like giving up, the only person with you is yourself.
分析: 本句是一个主从复合句。that引导宾语从句;在宾语从句中while引导让步状语从句, when引导时间状语从句, the only person with you is yourself是主句。
翻译: 我的夜间步行经历告诉我, 当你想要放弃的时候, 有人在身边指导和支持你是有帮助的, 但唯一与你同在的人是你自己。(Passage 1)

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