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(共56张PPT)
第3节　有提示词类——词形转换
技法探究 强化意识
【考查类型】
解题捷径
一 提示词为名词
考查方向1: 可数名词单复数变化
考查方向2: 名词所有格形式
考查方向3: 词类转换
二 提示词为形容词或副词
考查方向1: 比较级/最高级变化
考查方向2: 词类转换
三 提示词为动词
考查方向1: 动词变名词
考查方向2: 动词变形容词
考查方向3: 动词变副词
技法一 提示词为名词
1. 熟记名词变复数的几种情况
【典例展示】
(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)
The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky __________(afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
解题思维: 根据句意可知, 在“我”住的地方, 晒干的衣服闻起来特别香, 这多亏了没有雾霾, 而且下午常有湛蓝的天空, 空气也十分清新。此处指不止一个下午, 应用所给名词的复数形式。故填 afternoons。
2. 熟记名词变动词或形容词的词缀
前缀/后缀 示 例
en- courage n. 勇气→encourage v. 鼓励
-en strength n. 力气→strengthen v. 加强
-ize apology n. 道歉→apologize v. 道歉
-al nature n. 自然→natural adj. 自然的
-y health n. 健康→healthy adj. 健康的
-ful help n. 帮助→helpful adj. 有帮助的
-ous danger n. 危险→dangerous adj. 危险的
-ive impression n. 印象→impressive adj. 印象深刻的
-ible access n. 进入, 使用权, 通道→accessible adj. 容易取得的
【典例展示1】
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, __________(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
解题思维: 分析句子结构可知, 本空需修饰后面的名词soup, 应用形容词作定语, 故填 tasty。
【典例展示2】
(2023·全国乙卷)
The __________(remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
解题思维: 分析句子成分可知, 空处为形容词修饰名词development, 故填 remarkable。
技法二 提示词为形容词或副词
1. 熟记形容词变副词的规则
情 况 变化规则 示 例
一般情况 直接加-ly brave→bravely
双音节、多音
节, 以-y结尾 变y为i,
再加-ly easy→easily
happy→happily
单音节, 以
-y结尾 直接加-ly dry→dryly
shy→shyly
情 况 变化规则 示 例
以-le结尾 去e加-y simple→simply
gentle→gently
以元音字母+-e结尾 去e加-ly true→truly
以-ll结尾 只加-y full→fully
dull→dully
以-ic结尾 加-ally basic→basically
scientific→scientifically
【典例展示1】
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
So, what are they learning __________(basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
解题思维: 分析句子结构可知, 空处修饰空后整个句子, 应该用副词, basic的副词形式是basically, 位于句首, 首字母应大写。故填 Basically。
【典例展示2】
(2023·浙江1月高考)
The term “hutong”, __________(original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
解题思维: 分析句子结构可知, 空处修饰现在分词meaning, 需要用副词形式。故填 originally。
2. 牢记形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 示 例
-age short adj. 短缺的→shortage n. 不足; 短缺
-cy fluent adj. 流利的→fluency n. 流利; 流畅
-dom wise adj. 聪明的→wisdom n. 明智; 智慧
-ence different adj. 不同的→difference n. 差异
-ness weak adj. 虚弱的→weakness n. 虚弱; 弱点
-th warm adj. 温暖的→warmth n. 温暖
-y difficult adj. 困难的→difficulty n. 困难
-ty safe adj. 安全的→safety n. 安全
-ity real adj. 真实的→reality n. 真实
【典例展示】
(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international __________ (visible).
解题思维: 分析句子结构可知, 空处作increased的宾语, 应用所给词的名词形式。故填 visibility。
3. 牢记比较等级的常见结构
(1)much/even/far/a little/a bit/a lot/. . . +比较级+than。
(2)“the +比较级. . . , the +比较级”表示“越……越……”。
(3)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
(4)“the +比较级+of the two+名词复数”表示“两者中较……的那个”。
(5)“the +最高级+in/of/among. . . ”表示“在某范围内最……的”。
【典例展示1】
(2024·全国甲卷)
Yellowstone was the __________(large) United States national park—2. 2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12. 3 million acres.
解题思维: 根据句意和空前的定冠词the可知, 1980年前, 黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园, 所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填 largest。
【典例展示2】
(2023·浙江1月高考)
Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and __________(simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
解题思维: 根据句子结构和and可知, 空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填 simpler。
技法三 提示词为动词
【典例展示1】
(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)
“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘__________(guide)’ till they lose, ” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
解题思维: 空处作follow的宾语, 用名词形式, 所以把所给的动词变为名词。 句意: 你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱, 迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。故填 guidance。
【典例展示2】
(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)
The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective __________ (function) structure that is also beautiful.
解题思维: 空处修饰名词structure, 应用形容词作定语, 所以把所给的动词变为形容词。句意: 最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。故填 functional。
精练新题 提升素养
Passage 1
(2025·南通模拟)
Chinese Landscape Painting
　　For thousands of years, landscape paintings, or Shan Shui Hua, have been a major part of Chinese art. Chinese artists don’t usually paint real places 1. _______ imaginary, idealized landscapes. In China, mountains 2. __________(associate) with religion because they reach up towards the heavens. People therefore believe that looking at paintings of mountains is good for the soul.
1. 【解析】but。考查连词。根据语境, “Chinese artists don’t usually paint real places” 和 “imaginary, idealized landscapes” 形成对比转折关系, not. . . but. . . 为固定搭配, 意为 “不是…… 而是……”, 故填 but。
2. 【解析】are associated。考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。be associated with 为固定短语, 意为 “与…… 有关联”, 句子描述客观事实, 时态用一般现在时, 主语 mountains 为复数, 所以 be 动词用 are, 故填 are associated。
　　Landscape paintings are seen as an 3. __________(extend) of calligraphy. The colors are restrained and the paintings are usually created in ink on paper, with a small amount of watercolor. They are mounted(装裱) on silk 4. _______ different formats such as handscrolls, album leaves and fan paintings.
3. 【解析】extension。考查词形转换。根据空前的 an 可知, 此处需用名词形式, extend 的名词形式 extension 意为 “延伸”, an extension of 表示“……的延伸”, 故填 extension。
4. 【解析】in。考查介词。in different formats 为固定搭配, 意为 “以不同的形式”, 此处表示山水画以手卷、册页和扇面画等不同形式装裱在丝绸上, 故填 in。
　　By the late Tang Dynasty, landscape painting had evolved into an independent genre. The genre of such an art form was taken to extreme 5. __________(height), with painters expressing their desire to be at one with nature. There have been long-held arguments over 6. ___________ landscape painting in China was the first one to bring this art form to life, but many art critics do believe The Nymph of the Luo River to be the first of its kind. The painting has stood as symbols of man’s 7. __________ (hide) desire to be united with nature.
5. 【解析】heights。考查名词的数。height 作 “高度” 讲时为可数名词, 此处 “extreme heights” 表示 “极高的境界”, 用复数形式表示抽象意义上的多种高度、境界, 故填 heights。
6. 【解析】which/whether。考查宾语从句。over 为介词, 后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 且表示 “哪一幅中国山水画”, 所以用连接代词 which 引导;此处也可表示“是否是中国山水画”, 用whether引导。故填 which/whether。
7. 【解析】hidden。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语 has stood, 空处为非谓语动词。desire 与 hide 为被动关系(隐藏的欲望), 所以用过去分词作定语修饰 desire, 故填 hidden。
　　Images of nature 8. ________(remain) a source of inspiration for artists down to the present day. Chinese 9. _______(art) expression is deeply imprinted with images of the natural world. The paintings are also a true portrayal of their artists’ inner feelings and thoughts as well as struggles. 10. __________ (view) Chinese landscape paintings, we should never stop appreciating and understanding the extraordinary beauty of Chinese landscape art.
8. 【解析】have remained。考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据 “down to the present day(直至今日)”可知, 句子时态应用现在完成时, 表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态, 结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”, 主语 Images 为复数, 所以用 have remained, 故填 have remained。
9. 【解析】artistic。考查词形转换。此处需要用形容词修饰名词 expression, artistic 意为 “艺术的”, artistic expression 表示 “艺术表达”, 故填 artistic。
10. 【解析】Viewing。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语 should never stop, 主语“we”与“view”是主动关系, 用动词-ing形式, 单词位于句首, 首字母大写, 故填Viewing。
【文章大意】本文为说明文, 介绍了中国山水画的特点、发展及其文化意义。
外刊原创 高考同源
Passage 2
　　On Sept. 3, 2025, China held a large military parade and cultural event
1. _________ (mark) the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. This was only the second such parade, the first 2. ________(be) in 2015. This year’s event was even 3. __________(large), with advanced weapons on display and messages 4. __________(mean) for the whole world.
1. 【解析】to mark。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词held, 此处应用动词不定式to mark作目的状语, 表明举行大型阅兵式和文化活动的目的是……, 故填to mark。
2. 【解析】being。考查独立主格结构。逗号前后两部分无连接词, 前半句有谓语动词was, 后半句应用非谓语动词构成独立主格结构。the first与be之间为主动关系, 且描述的是过去的情况, 故用现在分词being, 故填being。
3. 【解析】larger。考查形容词比较级。even常用来修饰比较级, 结合语境“今年的活动甚至更大”, 此处应用large的比较级larger, 故填larger。
4. 【解析】meant。考查非谓语动词。messages与mean之间为被动关系, mean for意为“为……而准备”, 此处用过去分词meant作后置定语, 修饰messages, 故填meant。
　　The presence of many world leaders showed the rise of a new 5. ________ (internationally) order. Over 60 state leaders attended. Their 6. _________ (appear) with President Xi Jinping showed unity in protecting sovereignty(主权)and development. Together, they represented major global power 7. _______ cannot be ignored.
5. 【解析】international。考查形容词。修饰名词order需用形容词形式, international意为“国际的”, 表示“新的国际秩序”, 故填international。
6. 【解析】appearance。考查名词。Their为形容词性物主代词, 后接名词, appear的名词形式为appearance, 意为“出现, 露面”, 故填appearance。
7. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。先行词为major global power, 指物, 在从句中作主语, 所以用关系代词that/which引导定语从句, 故填that/which。
　　China also used the event to stress peace, fairness, 8. __________ cooperation, while rejecting accusations(控告) from some Western countries. Xi Jinping reminded the world that China stands for justice over aggression, progress over decline.
8. 【解析】and。考查连词。peace、fairness与cooperation为并列关系, 应用连词and连接, 故填and。
　　New military technology 9. ______(display), including stealth jets and missile systems. While China does not seek war, it believes strong defense is the best protection. The world, now multipolar, must recognize China’s role 10. _______ a supporter of peace and prosperity.
9. 【解析】was displayed。考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。New military technology与display之间为被动关系, 且文章整体描述过去发生的事情, 时态应用一般过去时, 主语为单数, 故填was displayed。
10. 【解析】as。考查介词。role as. . . 为固定搭配, 意为“作为……的角色”, 此处表示中国作为和平与繁荣支持者的角色, 故填as。
【文章大意】本文为新闻报道类文章, 讲述了中国在2025年9月3日举行大型阅兵式和文化活动, 纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年, 介绍了活动规模、出席的世界领导人、传递的理念以及展示的新军事技术等内容。
【备选习题】
Passage
(2025·济南模拟)
　　For Chen Honghan, a student from Nizhuhe Village in Xuanwei, Yunnan, the dangerous three-hour mountain hike to school has been replaced by a safe 30-minute journey thanks to the “cloud school bus”.
　　Nizhuhe Village, situated deep in the mountains, was once linked to Wanquan Primary School by a dangerous journey along cliffside(悬崖边) 1. _________ (path). Every school day, Chen and her classmates 2. _______(brave) muddy, narrow routes and makeshift stone steps just 3. ________ (reach) their school high atop the cliffs. It was no wonder that those parents 4. __________ children faced safety risks on these daily trips remained constantly worried.
1. 【解析】paths。考查名词的数。path 为可数名词, 结合语境 “沿着悬崖边的小路”, 此处应使用复数形式 paths, 表示多条小路, 故填 paths。
2. 【解析】braved。考查动词时态。根据上文 “Every school day” 以及语境可知, 此处描述过去每天发生的事情, 时态应用一般过去时, brave 作动词时意为 “勇敢面对”, 其过去式为 braved, 故填 braved。
3. 【解析】to reach。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语, 此处用动词不定式 to reach 作目的状语, 表示陈和同学们走危险小路的目的是到达学校, 故填 to reach。
4. 【解析】whose。考查定语从句。先行词为those parents, 在从句中作 children 的定语, 指“那些父母的孩子”, 表示所属关系, 所以用关系代词 whose 引导定语从句, 故填 whose。
　　This challenging journey changed 5. __________(remarkable) in 2017 with the launch of Nizhuhe Grand Canyon eco-tourism project. A cliffside lift and a cable car(缆车), 6. __________ (construct) in 2022, offer villagers free access to the peak. Today, the “cloud school bus”combines a bus ride, a 268-meter lift, and a 200-meter cable car, transforming 7. __________ previous dangerous trip into a safe and enjoyable experience.
5. 【解析】remarkably。考查副词。修饰动词 changed 需用副词形式, remarkably 意为 “显著地”, 表示这种具有挑战性的上学旅程在 2017 年发生了显著变化, 故填 remarkably。
6. 【解析】constructed。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语 offer, 空处为非谓语动词。A cliffside lift and a cable car 与 construct 为被动关系(电梯和缆车 “被建造”), 所以用过去分词作后置定语, 故填 constructed。
7. 【解析】the。考查冠词。此处特指之前危险的上学之旅, 所以用定冠词 the 修饰 previous dangerous trip, 故填 the。
　　The impact has been far-reaching. Chen, who once considered 8. ________ (drop) out due to the dangers, now safely takes her younger sisters to school. Beyond safeguarding children, the project has boosted tourism, turning
9. __________ was once an overlooked village into a tourist destination. Villagers have seized the opportunity and significantly improved their livelihoods by launching businesses, 10. __________ farmstays, coffee shops, and guesthouses.
8. 【解析】dropping。考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth. 为固定用法, 意为 “考虑做某事”, 此处表示陈曾经考虑因危险辍学, 故填 dropping。
9. 【解析】what。考查宾语从句。turn. . . into. . . 为固定短语, 空处引导宾语从句, 在从句中作主语, 表示 “曾经被忽视的村庄”, 所以用连接代词 what 引导宾语从句, 故填 what。
10. 【解析】like。考查介词。根据语境 “farmstays, coffee shops, and guesthouses” 是对 “businesses” 的举例说明, like 作介词时意为 “像, 例如”, 故填 like。
【文章大意】本文为记叙文, 讲述了云南宣威尼珠河村学生因 “空中校车” 告别危险上学路的故事。
反复精读 识记积累
障碍
词语 handscroll n. 手卷(中国传统书画装裱形式)(Passage 1)
eco-tourism project 生态旅游项目(Passage)
熟词
生义 evolve 熟义: v. 进化　　生义: v. 发展(艺术形式演变)(Passage 1)
launch 熟义: v. 发射(卫星等) 　生义: v. 启动(项目)(Passage)
长难句
分析 1. On Sept. 3, 2025, China held a large military parade and cultural event to mark the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War.
分析: 这是一个含有非谓语结构的简单句。句子主干为“China held a large military parade and cultural event”, “On Sept. 3, 2025”为时间状语, “to mark the 80th anniversary. . . and the World Anti-Fascist War”是目的状语。
翻译: 2025年9月3日, 中国举行了盛大的阅兵式和文化活动, 以纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年。
长难句
分析 2. Together, they represented major global power that/which cannot be ignored.
分析: 这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句子主干为“they represented major global power”, “Together”为状语。“that/which cannot be ignored”是定语从句, 修饰先行词“major global power”。
翻译: 这些国家领导人共同代表了不可忽视的全球主要力量。(Passage 2)
长难句
分析 Nizhuhe Village, situated deep in the mountains, was once linked to Wanquan Primary School by a dangerous journey along cliffside paths.
分析: 主干: Nizhuhe Village was once linked to Wanquan Primary School(主谓宾结构, 被动语态)
定语: situated deep in the mountains(过去分词短语作后置定语, 说明村庄位置)
方式状语: by a dangerous journey. . . (说明连通两地的方式)
翻译: 地处深山的尼珠河村, 曾通过一条沿悬崖边小路的危险行程与完全小学相通。(Passage)

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