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(共38张PPT)
Unit 4 Rules make for a better life
Lesson 3 Spoken and unspoken rules
冀教版（2024）八年级
下
1.掌握核心词汇：spoken, unspoken, require, fulfil, behave, respect, disrespectful, culture等。
2.能梳理文章结构，区分spoken rules和unspoken rules的定义、场景与特点，并掌握一般现在时的被动语态。
3. 理解跨文化语境下的unspoken rules差异，用英语表达自己对规则的看法。
4.树立遵守规则、尊重他人的行为观念，理解规则对社会秩序的意义，了解不同国家的社交礼仪差异，培养跨文化交际的尊重意识。
Learning objectives
https://www.21cnjy.com二一教育
What is the video about
Warming-up
rules
What rules do they break
Discussion
spoken rules
No cheating on tests.
No running in the hallways.
Follow traffic rules.
spoken adj. 口头的，口语的
unspoken rules
What rules do they break
Discussion
Cover your mouth when you cough.
Always wait for your turn in line.
Don’t talk on speakerphone in public.
unspoken adj. 未说出的，心照不宣的
What are spoken and unspoken rules Talk with your partner.
1
Spoken rules are clear rules that are said or written down.We can find them at school, at home, in public places or on the road. Everyone must follow them.
Unspoken rules are rules that are NOT written down.
They are about being polite and respecting others. They are different in different countries and cultures.
Today, let's learn a passage about spoken and unspoken rules.
Divide the passage into 2 parts and summarize the man idea of each part.
Fast reading
Part 1 (para.______)
Part 2 (para.______)
What are spoken rules
What are unspoken rules
1-2
3-4
said
written down
school
public
places
home
road
“No running in the hallway” (school)
“Keep quiet” (library)
Obey the rules.
Read the first part about spoken rules carefully and complete the chart.
Careful reading
respecting others
different
countries
cultures
depends
Keep a proper distance when talking
(in Western countries)
Observe others’ behavior and follow local social habits.
Read the second part about spoken rules carefully and complete the chart.
Careful reading
A. Don’t climb on a park statue.
spoken rules
B.Hold the door open for others.
C.Cover your mouth when you cough.
D. Don’t make a lot of noise late at night.
unspoken rules
unspoken rules
unspoken rules
Read the passage and discuss the statements listed below. Are they spoken or unspoken rules
2
Spoken rules are said or written somewhere. You might find spoken rules in school, public buildings, at home, or on the road.
Think of school rules. Are you allowed to run around and yell in the hallways Are you allowed to cheat on tests No! Think of rules in a public place, like a library or a park. Can you talk loudly in a library No! At home, your parents might have clear rules like “no throwing basketballs in the house”. And on the road, you are required to follow traffic rules. That keeps you and others safe.
Language points
Underline the key expressions.
be said/written 被说出或写下
想起；考虑
be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事
yell v. 叫喊，喊叫
考试中作弊
大声交谈
be required to do sth被要求做某事
在某处
清楚的，明白的
Unspoken rules are mostly to do with respecting others. This type of rule is different between countries and cultures!
You should recognise and follow the rules in your own country. When you plan to visit another country, you should find out the differences to avoid being disrespectful. For example, in some western countries people don’t stand too close during a conversation. But in many other countries, closeness is considered normal. In some places, keeping more distance is seen as rude. All these ways are acceptable. It depends on where in the world you are!
avoid doing sth 避免做某事
be mostly to do with主要和...有关
类型
v.认清，识别
尊重他人
弄清楚
无礼的；不尊敬的
在两者之间
文化
站太近
对话；交谈
n. 亲密，接近
被认为
正常的
保持
距离
be seen as被看作，被视为
粗鲁的
可接受的
depend on取决于
Are you allowed to run around and yell in the hallways
1.yell v. 叫喊，喊叫
yell at sb/sth 朝……大叫 yell with... ……地大叫
yell at sb to do sth 喊叫某人做某事 yell out 喊出来，大叫
e.g. She yelled at the child to get down from the wall.
她喊着让孩子从墙上下来。
he yelled with excitement. 他激动地大叫。
句
讲
例
拓
Language points
yell n. 喊叫，叫嚷，大喊
let out /give a yell 大喊一声
And on the road, you are required to follow traffic rules.
2.require v. 要求；需要
require sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事
be required to do sth.（被动，课文常考）被要求做某事；必须做某事
e.g. The rules require us to keep quiet.
规则要求我们保持安静。
You are required to follow traffic rules.
你必须/被要求遵守交通规则。
句
讲
例
拓
Language points
require + 名词 需要某物
You should recognise and follow the rules in your own country.
3.recognise vt. 认识；意识到
(1) recognise sb./sth. by/from sth. 通过……认出/ 识别出……
(2) recognise sb. as... 承认/ 认可某人为……
e.g. I recognised the car by its unique license plate.
我通过它独特的车牌认出了那辆车。
He is widely recognised as the best student in his class.
他在班上被公认为最好的学生。
句
讲
例
拓
Language points
美式拼写recognize
名词recognition 承认，认出
When you plan to visit another country, you should find out the differences to avoid being disrespectful.
4.disrespectful adj. 无礼的；不尊敬的
be disrespectful to sb. 对某人不尊重
e.g. It’s not right to be disrespectful to your elders.
对长辈不尊重是不对的。
句
讲
例
拓
Language points
respect n. & v. 尊重
respectful adj. 尊重的；有礼貌的
disrespect n. 不尊重；无礼
It depends on where in the world you are!
5.depend v. 取决于；依靠
depend on 取决于；依靠；信赖
e.g. How well you perform depends on your preparation.
你的表现如何取决于你的准备情况。
It depends on your use.
这取决于你的用途。
句
讲
例
拓
Language points
dependent adj. 依赖的 independent adj. 独立的
dependence n. 依靠 independence n. 独立
Language points
Spoken rules are said or written somewhere.
句
Are you allowed to cheat on tests
And on the road, you are required to follow traffic rules.
But in many other countries, closeness is considered normal.
In some places, keeping more distance is seen as rude.
结构: be + V-p.p.
am / are / is + done(动词的过去分词)
一般现在时的被动语态:
使用被动语态的情况:
1.不知道动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。
3.句子的主语是动作的承受者
被动语态
(passive voice)
am/is/are + 动词的过去分词(+by)
一般现在时的被动语态
be有各种时态变化，其中一般现在时的被动语态中be动词是am, is, are.
被动语态要强调说明动作的发出者就加上by+sb.（被某人）
后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态
规则动词
不规则动词
VS
1. Vegetables are ________ (wash) and __________(prepare).
4.The recipe is ________(study) by Pam and Liu Jun.
3. Pepper slices and salt are ________(add).
2. Eggs are ________(pour) and ________(stir) for 10s.
prepared
washed
poured
stirred
added
studied
2) 在动词原形后加ed
4) 以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加ed
1) 以不发音e结尾的加d
3) 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加ed
规则动词的过去分词
分类记忆不规则变化，如：
AAA型：read – read – read
ABB型：buy – bought – bought
ABC型：see – saw – seen
不规则动词的过去分词
四大基础句式
(1) 肯定句
主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (+ by sb.)（by sb. 表动作发出者，可省略）
① 每年会种很多树。Many trees are planted every year.
② 这首歌是露西唱的。This song is sung by Lucy.
(2) 否定句
主语 + am/is/are not + 过去分词 (+ by sb.)（缩写：isn’t/aren’t）
① 每年不会种很多树。Many trees are not/ aren’t planted every year.
② 这首歌不是露西唱的。This song is not/ isn’t sung by Lucy.
(3) 一般疑问句
Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by sb.)
回答：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are./ No, 主语 + am/is/are not.
① —Are many trees planted every year
— Yes, they are.
② —Is the room cleaned by him
— No, it isn’t.
(4) 特殊疑问句
疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by sb.)
① What are planted every year
② Who is the letter written by
主动语态改为被动语态:
A letter is written by Mary every week.
Mary write a letter every week.
宾语
主语
谓语
一般现在时的被动语态
主语
by+宾语(宾格)
主动句变为被动句4步骤
1. 主句宾变被句主
2. 主句谓语变被动(be+过去分词)【人称和数随主语的变化，动词的时态不变】
3. 主句主变by加宾
4. 其它成分都不变（定语、状语）
含有短语的主动语态变被动语态
1
My father fixes up the house.
The house is fixed up by my father.
The house is fixed by my father.
动词短语在变被动语态的时候，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词；要当作一个整体.
Tips
含有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态
2
Tom gives me a book .
I am given a book by Tom.
A book is given to me by Tom.
直接宾语做主语
间接宾语做主语
当指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不变；如果把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在间接语前加to或for
Tips
3
I see a heavy man enter the house.
感官动词和使役动词的被动语态
主动to出去；被动to回来
口诀：
一感二听三让四看
A heavy man is seen to enter the house.
主动句中感官动词see / hear / watch / feel等和使役动词make / let / have等后跟省略to的动词不定式，变为被动语态时应加上不定式标志to
Tips
1. Usually computers__________(use) to get information on the Internet.
2.I_________(ask) to clean my bedroom every day by my mother.
3. Trees____________(plant) in spring.
4.----How clean and tidy your bedroom is!
----Thank you. It____________(clean) every day.
5. The brown desk____________(make) of wood.
6. As China grows stronger and stronger , Chinese___________(teach) in more and more schools out of our country.
7. A book____________(give) to me by my mother on my birthday.
are used
am asked
are planted
is cleaned
is made
is taught
is given
Fill in the blanks with correct forms
Read the sentences and pay attention to the parts in yellow.
3
Spoken rules are said or written somewhere.
But in many other countries, closeness is considered normal.
Read and rewrite the sentences.
Unspoken rules are influenced by cultures.
Her mother’s handwriting on the envelope was recognised by her.
被动语态
(passive voice)
Read the sentences and pay attention to the parts in yellow.
4
Li Ming: Are spoken rules always followed
Wang Mei: Well, not necessarily. Sometimes spoken rules ___________ (ignore).
Li Ming: What about unspoken rules then
Wang Mei: Unspoken rules________ often ___________ (take) for granted.
Li Ming: Can you give me an example
Wang Mei: Sure. Think of a library. It is a spoken rule to keep quiet, but sometimes people still talk. However, the unspoken rule could be don’t lick your fingers to turn a page.
Li Ming: I see. Unspoken rules __________________(not write) down. They are different between cultures and locations.
are ignored
are
taken
are not written
未必，不一定
ignore v.忽视
take sth for granted 认为……理所当然
舔手指
翻页
地点，地域
Further thinking
In our daily life, why are some rules spoken while others are unspoken
_ _______________________________________________________________
What do you think of following spoken rules and unspoken rules What should we do in our daily life
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How can we better adapt to the rules in different cultures _______________________________________________________________
Spoken rules are official while unspoken rules are informal but still expected.
Both of them help people behave properly.
We should follow both of the rules.
We can learn local customs in advance, observe local people's behaviors, and ask politely when we are not sure.
Think about the questions and share your opinions with others.
Respect both spoken and unspoken rules to build a harmonious world.
1. 被允许做某事
2. 考虑，想到
3. 考试作弊
4. 喊叫某人做某事
5. 被要求做某事
6. 主要和...有关
7. 在...和...之间
8. 避免做某事
9. 保持距离
10.站太近
11.弄清楚，查明
12.对某人不尊重
13. 被看作，被视为
14.取决于；依靠
15.认为……理所当然
be allowed to do sth
think of
cheat on tests
yell at sb to do sth
sb be required to do sth
be mostly to do with
between...and...
avoid doing sth
keep distance
stand too close
find out
be disrespectful to sb.
be seen as
depend on
take sth for granted
Phrases summary
一、用给所动词的适当形式填空
Spoken rules ________ (say) or written somewhere in our school.
Unspoken rules often ________ (take) for granted, but they are important.
We are allowed ________ (use) mobile phones in class No, we aren’t.
Fred hopes to improve his (speak)English, so he practices it every day.
are said
are taken
to use
spoken
Exercise
二、完成句子
我们应该尊重不同文化中的潜规则。
We should _______ _____ ____________ ________ in different cultures.
2.当我看到这张旧照片时，我想起了我的奶奶。
When I see this old photo, I ______ ______ my grandma.
3.在我们学校，学生被要求每天穿校服。
In our school, students ____ _______ ____ _____ school uniforms every day.
4.在一些地方，交流时近距离被认为是正常的。
In some places, closeness ____ __________ _________ during a conversation.
respect the unspoken rules
think of
are required to wear
is considered normal
Homework
1. 基础作业：抄写本课核心词汇和被动语态例句各三遍；
背诵课文中关于spoken/unspoken rules定义的段落。
2.实践作业：制作一张“规则分类”海报：画出5个生活中的规则，标注是spoken还是unspoken rules，并简单说明原因
3.创新作业：为外国游客写三条“中国社交礼仪小贴士”（英文），提醒他们遵守隐性规则。
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