资源简介

素养测练(九)　UNIT 5　Part 1
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.They built a wall to avoid 　　　　 (土壤) being washed away.
2.He 　　　　 (处理) the job with a great deal of imagination and skills.
3.The survey was carried out in both 　　　 (城市的) and rural areas.
4.Her story tells us that we should value what we have,and try our best to 　　　(克服) any difficulty in life.
5.The average　　　　 (产量) of the factory is reduced to 30 cars a day.
6.The villages　　　　 (扩大) and merged into one large town.
7.Most of his　　　　 (空闲) time was spent working the land and doing research.
8.This analysis method is used very little in the related 　　　　 (国内的) research.
9.They are putting up new hotels in order to 　　　　 (使兴旺) tourism in the area.
10.Good weather leading to good　　　　 (谷物) harvests should win the country relief from food shortages.
答案:1.soil　2.tackled　3.urban　4.overcome　5.output　6.expanded　7.leisure
8.domestic　9.boost　10.grain
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.Salt takes in plenty of water,so most bacteria cannot live in a 　　　　 (salt) environment.
2.In some developing countries energy 　　　　 (consume) is increasing.
3.The 　　　　 (real) of the situation is that unless we find some new funding soon,the research project will have to cease.
4.Tom nodded but he didn’t look 　　　　(convince).
5.Hybrid rice can tackle the crisis of food 　　　　 (short).
6.The school board plans to have an 　　　　(extend) built to the library.
7.It is 　　　　(estimate) that the project will last more than 10 years.
8.Our research team is comprised 　　　　 12 members.
9.　　　　 (assume) that you are a farmer,what crops would you like to grow
10.Another unique human 　　　　(character) is that we walk upright.
11.Some plants produce some smelly 　　　　 (chemical) to keep insects away.
12.The farmers in that area adopt 　　　　(convention) farming.
13.In the 19th century,American English spread with the 　　　　(expand) of the United States.
14.There is evidence that the region was 　　　　(intense) dry 15,000 years ago.
15.He was a 　　　　 (devote) fan of Yuan Longping,who had devoted all his life to Chinese farmers.
答案:1.salty　2.consumption　3.reality 4.convinced　5.shortage　6.extension
7.estimated　8.of　9.Assuming 10.characteristic　11.chemicals　12.conventional
13.expansion　14.intensely　15.devoted
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.他一生投身于科学研究,得到了我们所有人的尊敬。(devote...to...)
2.你需要让面试官相信你对工作的热情。(convince sb of...)
3.据估计,这次洪涝造成的损失超过了五百万元。(It is estimated that...)
4.事实上,成功的秘诀在于勤奋。(in reality)
5.考虑到天气较好,今天下午我们要举办运动会。(given that)
答案:1.Devoting all his life to scientific research,he was respected by all of us.
2.You will need to convince the interviewers of your enthusiasm for the job.
3.It is estimated that the damage caused by the flood is over five million yuan.
4.In reality,the secret to success is hard work.
5.Given that the weather is pretty good,we will hold the sports meeting this afternoon.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Like people,plants experience stress.And also,like people,the response to that stress can determine success.
Bad environmental conditions,such as drought,flood,heat and other stresses,affect yields more than crop pests and diseases.“We are trying to find a way to equip plants with the ability to tolerate environmental stress and maintain high yields,” said Stephen Howell,a professor of genetics and cell biology.
“Plant cells produce proteins (蛋白质) and ship them to different parts of the cell.Under normal conditions,these proteins are folded into their normal,healthy structures as they are produced.When a plant is under stress,its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins.Then a built-in system senses this and sets off an alarm in the cell,” said Howell.
In response to the alarm,another protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates (激活) the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive.
“As it turns out,responses that are activated under stressful conditions actually inhibit the growth of plants,” said Howell.“This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the stressful conditions.”
“For plants in the wild,this response is a help for survival,” he said.In production of agricultural crops,however,this response reduces yields.
“You don’t want crop plants to stop growing,” Howell said.“You want them to continue to grow and produce more even though they are under stress.”
“With the new understanding of this stress response,the next step may be to silence the alarm system,” said Howell.“What may be important is to disable some of these stress responses.That may make the plant more productive under stressful conditions.”
(　　)1.According to the text,what is an alarm in the plant cells caused by
A.The folded proteins.
B.The changed proteins.
C.The defensive measures.
D.The stress response genes.
(　　)2.What does the energy preserved in the plants under stress conditions do
A.It helps the plants to survive.
B.It helps to maintain high yields.
C.It keeps the plants growing.
D.It helps to produce proteins.
(　　)3.Which can replace the underlined word “inhibit” in Paragraph 5
A.Prevent. B.Start.
C.Continue. D.Promote.
(　　)4.How does Howell intend to make crop plants maintain high yields under stress conditions
A.By making crop plants keep more energy.
B.By making crop plants stop growing.
C.By making the alarm system stop working.
D.By making the alarm system respond quickly.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。在不利的环境下,植物会感到有压力,而植物体内存在的一种警报系统能够应对压力,维持植物的生存,但这会造成植物减产,生物学家正在研究如何使植物在有压力的情况下也能维持高产量。
答案及剖析:
1.B　细节理解题。根据第三段的最后两句可知,当植物处于压力之下时,它的细胞会制造出折叠不充分或未折叠的蛋白质,正是这些改变了的蛋白质使得植物体内存在的一种警报系统发出警报。故选B。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第五段的最后一句可知,在压力条件下,植物体内储存的能量能够帮助植物生存下来。故选A。
3.A　词义猜测题。根据第六段的“this response reduces yields”可推知,画线词所在句的意思为“事实证明,在压力条件下被激活的反应实际上会抑制植物的生长”。由此可知,inhibit 意为“抑制;阻碍”。故选A。
4.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,Howell将通过使警报系统停止工作的方法来维持植物在压力条件下的高产量。故选C。
B
A research project called Mineral has created robots that move around in farm fields.The project aims to use computers to help farmers grow more food in ways that are healthy for the environment.
With the number of people on the Earth getting bigger each year,more food needs to be grown in order to feed everyone.As weather patterns continue to change because of the climate crisis,this task is becoming even more difficult.Some experts say that to feed everyone,more food will need to be grown over the next 50 years than in the last 10,000 years.In the past,farmers tried to quickly increase the amount they produce,using methods that were not always healthy for the environment—more fields,fertilisers,and pesticides.
Instead,the focus of the Mineral project is on getting farms to produce more by improving conditions for each plant.Elliot Grant,who leads the project,says the goal is to “manage the plant instead of the plot”. Mineral’s team spent several years talking to farmers to see what problems they were having and how these problems might be fixed.That led to the creation of special robots,called “plant buggies(车)”.
At first,the buggies were very simple.They were built on bicycles and took pictures with cell phones.Over time,they’ve been improved repeatedly.The plant buggies roll on four wheels and are high enough to glide(滑行) over rows of plants without hurting them.They’re covered in solar panels and have strong wheels,which allows them to roll through muddy fields.The robots can take detailed pictures of plants,track each plant’s location,and measure the plant’s size.
Before,farmers had information about the soil and the weather,but they couldn’t track every plant.Now,with Mineral’s robots,they can.By collecting lots of information like this,Mineral believes computers can help farmers make predictions about how their plants will grow.Studying each individual plant could end up saving time and money.
(　　)5.What’s the Mineral project’s goal
A.To replace farmers with robots.
B.To design and sell farming robots.
C.To better handle environmental pollution.
D.To improve food production in a green way.
(　　)6.What contributes to the need for more food
A.The constant disasters.
B.People’s bigger appetite.
C.The increasing population.
D.The development of industry.
(　　)7.What does the underlined part “the plot” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.A secret plan.
B.A piece of farmland.
C.The mark on a map.
D.The series of events.
(　　)8.What is special about plant buggies
A.They can collect soil information.
B.They can make weather predictions.
C.They can monitor each plant’s condition.
D.They can help fertilise and water the crops.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了一个名为Mineral的研究项目创造了能在农田中移动的机器人,旨在使用计算机帮助农民以有利于环境健康的方式种植更多的食物。
答案及剖析:
5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知,该项目旨在使用计算机帮助农民以有利于环境健康的方式种植更多的食物。因此,Mineral项目的目标是以环保的方式提高粮食产量。故选D。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知,随着地球上的人口每年都在增加,人们需要种植更多的食物。由此可知,日益增长的人口导致对食物的需求增加。故选C。
7.B　短语猜测题。根据第二段的最后一句以及第三段的第一句可知,在过去农民试图通过改善田地的条件来快速增加产量,但是现在该项目通过改善每株植物的自身条件来提高产量。这里的the plot与the plant对应,可推测出plot意为“田地;土地”。故选B。
8.C　推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句以及最后一段内容可知,机器人可以拍摄植物的详细照片,跟踪每株植物的位置,并测量植物的大小。因此,“植物车”的特别之处在于它们可以监测每株植物的状况。故选C。
C
Think of a seed buried in a pot.It’s dark down there in the potting soil.There’s no light,no sunshine.So how does it know which way is up and which way is down It does know.Seeds send shoots up towards the sky,and roots the other way.Darkness doesn’t confuse them.Somehow,they get it right.
More surprisingly,if you turn a seedling (秧苗) or a whole bunch of seedlings upside down,as Thomas Andrew Knight of the Royal Society did around 200 years ago,the tips and roots of the plant will sense,“Hey,I’m upside down.Look! I will turn my way to the right direction and do a U-turn.”
How do they know According to botanist Daniel Chamovitz and Thomas Knight,about 200 years ago,they guessed that plants must sense gravity.Knight proved it with a crazy experiment involving a spinning plate.
He attached a bunch of plant seedlings onto a disc.The plate was then turned by a water wheel powered by a local stream at a speed of 15 revolutions (旋转) per minute for several days.If you have been at an amusement park in a spinning teacup,you know that because of centrifugal force (离心力) you get pushed away from the centre of the spinning object towards the outside.Knight wondered,would the plants respond to the centrifugal pull of gravity and point their roots to the outside of the spinning plate When he looked,that’s what they’d done.Every plant on the disc had responded to the pull of gravity,and pointed its roots to the outside.The roots pointed out,and the shoots pointed in.So Thomas Knight proved that plants can and do sense the pull.
(　　)9.How does the author write about the young seedling in Paragraph 2
A.By describing vividly.
B.By giving examples.
C.By telling stories.
D.By asking questions.
(　　)10.What determines the direction that the plant choose
A.Soil. B.Sunshine.
C.Darkness. D.Gravity.
(　　)11.What did Knight’s experiment prove
A.Plants have their own desires.
B.Plants can grow quickly by doing a U-turn.
C.Speed influences plants’ growing.
D.Plants can feel the centrifugal pull.
(　　)12.Where can this passage most probably be found
A.In a book review.
B.In a lifestyle magazine.
C.In a scientific report.
D.In an official document.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要科普了植物通过自身感官感知到重力的作用,并对自身的生长方向作出调整的事情。
答案及剖析:
9.A　推理判断题。根据第二段引号中的句子可知,作者用一种生动活泼的语气描述了植物调整自身生长形态的变化。故选A。
10.D　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,研究人员认为植物可以感知到重力的作用,并通过实验证明了这一理论。故选D。
11.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知,Thomas Knight的实验证明了植物确实可以感受到离心的拉力。故选D。
12.C　推理判断题。本文是一篇科普说明文,介绍了植物通过自身感官感知到重力的作用,并对自身的生长方向作出调整的事情,应属于科学类报告。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
How to Grow Plants with Little Sun
Some people might think that growing plants without much sun is a difficult,if not impossible,task.However,that is not true.
What type of shade (背阴处) do you have
The first step is understanding the type of shade you have.This is based on the amount (数量) of time that the sun shines on the area.1.　　　 They are:
part shade (36 hours of direct sun,usually in the morning)
full shade (less than 3 hours of direct sun)
deep shade (sunlight rarely,if ever,gets through trees or past structures like buildings)
Buy the right plants.
When you know your shade conditions,find plants that suit them.2.　　　 You can also research that information online,in books or magazines.Experts at gardening stores are other sources of information.
And don’t forget your gardeners nearby.When walking around a community garden or your neighbourhood,take note of plants growing in shady areas.Talk to the gardeners.3.　　
Ways to increase light.
The gardening expert adds that painting nearby structures white mirrors sunlight.Glass and mirrored objects can also mirror light around the garden.If possible,carefully cut some tree branches (树枝).This lets more sunlight reach the ground.
What to plant
Search for the low-light plants suitable for your area.4.　　　 Vegetables like tomatoes need a lot of sun.But leafy greens actually grow better in part shade.
As for pests (害虫),some kinds like shade gardens.But most other pests are less of a problem in low-light conditions.5.　　　 That is,you will feel less hot while gardening!
A.There are three main types of shade.
B.Learn about their successes and failures.
C.Do not give up growing plants you can eat.
D.Deep shade is the most challenging for gardeners.
E.This information is available where plants are sold.
F.Note how many hours of direct sunlight reaches the ground.
G.There is another good thing about gardens with less sunlight.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在光照不足的情况下种植植物。
答案及剖析:
1.A　根据下文提到的三种背阴情况可推知,空处应是提出有三种主要的背阴类型。A项符合文意,且下文中的They指代的正是选项中的three main types of shade。故选A。
2.E　根据下文“You can also research...or magazines.”中的also可知,空处也应是陈述可以在什么地方获取背阴植物的相关信息。E项符合文意。故选E。
3.B　空处位于段末,应承接上文。根据上文可知,上文建议与社区或附近的园丁聊聊。由此可推知,空处应是陈述和他们聊天的目的。B项符合文意,且选项中的their与上文的gardeners对应。故选B。
4.C　根据下文“Vegetables like tomatoes...in part shade.”可知,可以根据蔬菜需要的光照条件进行种植。由此可推知,空处应是陈述不能因为自家花园光照不足,就放弃种植自己喜欢吃的蔬菜。C项符合文意。故选C。
5.G　根据上文可知,在背阴处种植植物无须担心害虫问题。结合下文可推知,空处应是陈述在背阴处种植还有另外一个优点。G项符合文意,与下文承接自然。故选G。
Ⅲ.语法填空
　　Thanks to its high yield and brilliant quality,Chinese hybrid rice has been widely introduced to the whole world,1.　　　　 benefits more people.China’s hybrid rice technology started many years ago.In 1979,Chinese hybrid rice seeds 2.　　　　 (provide) to other countries for the first time,and years later,China’s hybrid rice has been planted in dozens of countries in the world.
In the past few decades,Chinese scientists have been devoted to 3.　 　　　 (offer) assistance to many other countries.China has trained more than 14,000 hybrid rice professionals for more than 80 developing countries in the world through international training courses.This technology 4.　　　　 (introduce) to more and more places in the world so far.
Yuan Longping,5.　　　　 expert who cultivated the world’s first high-yield hybrid rice strain,not only earned respect from Chinese people but also the global community.His hybrid rice research has been 6.　　 　　 (large) saving millions of people from hunger.Yuan’s dream was 7.　　　　 (solve) the global food shortage problem and promote hybrid rice around the world.
8.　　　　 China has achieved is a great wonder,feeding nearly one fifth of the world’s population with less than 9% of the world’s total land.And China is 9.　　　　 (will) to contribute to global food security and calls for joint efforts to end global hunger and poverty.
It is believed 10.　　　　 Yuan’s dream will come true one day.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国杂交水稻技术的历史和所取得的成就。
答案及剖析:
1.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面的主句,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
2.were provided　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In 1979可知,此处应用一般过去时;谓语动词provide和主语之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语Chinese hybrid rice seeds为复数,谓语动词应用复数形式。故填were provided。
3.offering　考查固定搭配。be devoted to doing sth 意为“献身于/致力于做某事”,是固定短语。故填offering。
4.has been introduced　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语so far可知,此处应用现在完成时,谓语动词introduce和主语之间是被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态。主语This technology 为第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been introduced。
5.an　考查冠词。可数名词单数expert用作同位语,是泛指概念,应用不定冠词限定,且expert以元音音素开头。故填an。
6.largely　考查副词。修饰后面的动词saving,应用副词largely作状语。故填largely。
7.to solve　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,此处应用动词不定式作表语。故填to solve。
8.What　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导主语从句,应用连接代词what引导从句,作achieved的宾语,意为“所……的事”,位于句首首字母大写。故填What。
9.willing　考查形容词。此处应用形容词作表语,be willing to do sth 意为“愿意做某事”,是固定短语。故填willing。
10.that　考查主语从句。It为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,且此处为固定句型“It is believed that...”,表示“人们相信……”。故填that。素养测练(九)　UNIT 5　Part 1
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.They built a wall to avoid 　　　　 (土壤) being washed away.
2.He 　　　　 (处理) the job with a great deal of imagination and skills.
3.The survey was carried out in both 　　　 (城市的) and rural areas.
4.Her story tells us that we should value what we have,and try our best to 　　　(克服) any difficulty in life.
5.The average　　　　 (产量) of the factory is reduced to 30 cars a day.
6.The villages　　　　 (扩大) and merged into one large town.
7.Most of his　　　　 (空闲) time was spent working the land and doing research.
8.This analysis method is used very little in the related 　　　　 (国内的) research.
9.They are putting up new hotels in order to 　　　　 (使兴旺) tourism in the area.
10.Good weather leading to good　　　　 (谷物) harvests should win the country relief from food shortages.
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.Salt takes in plenty of water,so most bacteria cannot live in a 　　　　 (salt) environment.
2.In some developing countries energy 　　　　 (consume) is increasing.
3.The 　　　　 (real) of the situation is that unless we find some new funding soon,the research project will have to cease.
4.Tom nodded but he didn’t look 　　　　(convince).
5.Hybrid rice can tackle the crisis of food 　　　　 (short).
6.The school board plans to have an 　　　　(extend) built to the library.
7.It is 　　　　(estimate) that the project will last more than 10 years.
8.Our research team is comprised 　　　　 12 members.
9.　　　　 (assume) that you are a farmer,what crops would you like to grow
10.Another unique human 　　　　(character) is that we walk upright.
11.Some plants produce some smelly 　　　　 (chemical) to keep insects away.
12.The farmers in that area adopt 　　　　(convention) farming.
13.In the 19th century,American English spread with the 　　　　(expand) of the United States.
14.There is evidence that the region was 　　　　(intense) dry 15,000 years ago.
15.He was a 　　　　 (devote) fan of Yuan Longping,who had devoted all his life to Chinese farmers.
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.他一生投身于科学研究,得到了我们所有人的尊敬。(devote...to...)
2.你需要让面试官相信你对工作的热情。(convince sb of...)
3.据估计,这次洪涝造成的损失超过了五百万元。(It is estimated that...)
4.事实上,成功的秘诀在于勤奋。(in reality)
5.考虑到天气较好,今天下午我们要举办运动会。(given that)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Like people,plants experience stress.And also,like people,the response to that stress can determine success.
Bad environmental conditions,such as drought,flood,heat and other stresses,affect yields more than crop pests and diseases.“We are trying to find a way to equip plants with the ability to tolerate environmental stress and maintain high yields,” said Stephen Howell,a professor of genetics and cell biology.
“Plant cells produce proteins (蛋白质) and ship them to different parts of the cell.Under normal conditions,these proteins are folded into their normal,healthy structures as they are produced.When a plant is under stress,its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins.Then a built-in system senses this and sets off an alarm in the cell,” said Howell.
In response to the alarm,another protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates (激活) the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive.
“As it turns out,responses that are activated under stressful conditions actually inhibit the growth of plants,” said Howell.“This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the stressful conditions.”
“For plants in the wild,this response is a help for survival,” he said.In production of agricultural crops,however,this response reduces yields.
“You don’t want crop plants to stop growing,” Howell said.“You want them to continue to grow and produce more even though they are under stress.”
“With the new understanding of this stress response,the next step may be to silence the alarm system,” said Howell.“What may be important is to disable some of these stress responses.That may make the plant more productive under stressful conditions.”
(　　)1.According to the text,what is an alarm in the plant cells caused by
A.The folded proteins.
B.The changed proteins.
C.The defensive measures.
D.The stress response genes.
(　　)2.What does the energy preserved in the plants under stress conditions do
A.It helps the plants to survive.
B.It helps to maintain high yields.
C.It keeps the plants growing.
D.It helps to produce proteins.
(　　)3.Which can replace the underlined word “inhibit” in Paragraph 5
A.Prevent. B.Start.
C.Continue. D.Promote.
(　　)4.How does Howell intend to make crop plants maintain high yields under stress conditions
A.By making crop plants keep more energy.
B.By making crop plants stop growing.
C.By making the alarm system stop working.
D.By making the alarm system respond quickly.
B
A research project called Mineral has created robots that move around in farm fields.The project aims to use computers to help farmers grow more food in ways that are healthy for the environment.
With the number of people on the Earth getting bigger each year,more food needs to be grown in order to feed everyone.As weather patterns continue to change because of the climate crisis,this task is becoming even more difficult.Some experts say that to feed everyone,more food will need to be grown over the next 50 years than in the last 10,000 years.In the past,farmers tried to quickly increase the amount they produce,using methods that were not always healthy for the environment—more fields,fertilisers,and pesticides.
Instead,the focus of the Mineral project is on getting farms to produce more by improving conditions for each plant.Elliot Grant,who leads the project,says the goal is to “manage the plant instead of the plot”. Mineral’s team spent several years talking to farmers to see what problems they were having and how these problems might be fixed.That led to the creation of special robots,called “plant buggies(车)”.
At first,the buggies were very simple.They were built on bicycles and took pictures with cell phones.Over time,they’ve been improved repeatedly.The plant buggies roll on four wheels and are high enough to glide(滑行) over rows of plants without hurting them.They’re covered in solar panels and have strong wheels,which allows them to roll through muddy fields.The robots can take detailed pictures of plants,track each plant’s location,and measure the plant’s size.
Before,farmers had information about the soil and the weather,but they couldn’t track every plant.Now,with Mineral’s robots,they can.By collecting lots of information like this,Mineral believes computers can help farmers make predictions about how their plants will grow.Studying each individual plant could end up saving time and money.
(　　)5.What’s the Mineral project’s goal
A.To replace farmers with robots.
B.To design and sell farming robots.
C.To better handle environmental pollution.
D.To improve food production in a green way.
(　　)6.What contributes to the need for more food
A.The constant disasters.
B.People’s bigger appetite.
C.The increasing population.
D.The development of industry.
(　　)7.What does the underlined part “the plot” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.A secret plan.
B.A piece of farmland.
C.The mark on a map.
D.The series of events.
(　　)8.What is special about plant buggies
A.They can collect soil information.
B.They can make weather predictions.
C.They can monitor each plant’s condition.
D.They can help fertilise and water the crops.
C
Think of a seed buried in a pot.It’s dark down there in the potting soil.There’s no light,no sunshine.So how does it know which way is up and which way is down It does know.Seeds send shoots up towards the sky,and roots the other way.Darkness doesn’t confuse them.Somehow,they get it right.
More surprisingly,if you turn a seedling (秧苗) or a whole bunch of seedlings upside down,as Thomas Andrew Knight of the Royal Society did around 200 years ago,the tips and roots of the plant will sense,“Hey,I’m upside down.Look! I will turn my way to the right direction and do a U-turn.”
How do they know According to botanist Daniel Chamovitz and Thomas Knight,about 200 years ago,they guessed that plants must sense gravity.Knight proved it with a crazy experiment involving a spinning plate.
He attached a bunch of plant seedlings onto a disc.The plate was then turned by a water wheel powered by a local stream at a speed of 15 revolutions (旋转) per minute for several days.If you have been at an amusement park in a spinning teacup,you know that because of centrifugal force (离心力) you get pushed away from the centre of the spinning object towards the outside.Knight wondered,would the plants respond to the centrifugal pull of gravity and point their roots to the outside of the spinning plate When he looked,that’s what they’d done.Every plant on the disc had responded to the pull of gravity,and pointed its roots to the outside.The roots pointed out,and the shoots pointed in.So Thomas Knight proved that plants can and do sense the pull.
(　　)9.How does the author write about the young seedling in Paragraph 2
A.By describing vividly.
B.By giving examples.
C.By telling stories.
D.By asking questions.
(　　)10.What determines the direction that the plant choose
A.Soil. B.Sunshine.
C.Darkness. D.Gravity.
(　　)11.What did Knight’s experiment prove
A.Plants have their own desires.
B.Plants can grow quickly by doing a U-turn.
C.Speed influences plants’ growing.
D.Plants can feel the centrifugal pull.
(　　)12.Where can this passage most probably be found
A.In a book review.
B.In a lifestyle magazine.
C.In a scientific report.
D.In an official document.
Ⅱ.七选五
How to Grow Plants with Little Sun
Some people might think that growing plants without much sun is a difficult,if not impossible,task.However,that is not true.
What type of shade (背阴处) do you have
The first step is understanding the type of shade you have.This is based on the amount (数量) of time that the sun shines on the area.1.　　　 They are:
part shade (36 hours of direct sun,usually in the morning)
full shade (less than 3 hours of direct sun)
deep shade (sunlight rarely,if ever,gets through trees or past structures like buildings)
Buy the right plants.
When you know your shade conditions,find plants that suit them.2.　　　 You can also research that information online,in books or magazines.Experts at gardening stores are other sources of information.
And don’t forget your gardeners nearby.When walking around a community garden or your neighbourhood,take note of plants growing in shady areas.Talk to the gardeners.3.　　
Ways to increase light.
The gardening expert adds that painting nearby structures white mirrors sunlight.Glass and mirrored objects can also mirror light around the garden.If possible,carefully cut some tree branches (树枝).This lets more sunlight reach the ground.
What to plant
Search for the low-light plants suitable for your area.4.　　　 Vegetables like tomatoes need a lot of sun.But leafy greens actually grow better in part shade.
As for pests (害虫),some kinds like shade gardens.But most other pests are less of a problem in low-light conditions.5.　　　 That is,you will feel less hot while gardening!
A.There are three main types of shade.
B.Learn about their successes and failures.
C.Do not give up growing plants you can eat.
D.Deep shade is the most challenging for gardeners.
E.This information is available where plants are sold.
F.Note how many hours of direct sunlight reaches the ground.
G.There is another good thing about gardens with less sunlight.
Ⅲ.语法填空
　　Thanks to its high yield and brilliant quality,Chinese hybrid rice has been widely introduced to the whole world,1.　　　　 benefits more people.China’s hybrid rice technology started many years ago.In 1979,Chinese hybrid rice seeds 2.　　　　 (provide) to other countries for the first time,and years later,China’s hybrid rice has been planted in dozens of countries in the world.
In the past few decades,Chinese scientists have been devoted to 3.　 　　　 (offer) assistance to many other countries.China has trained more than 14,000 hybrid rice professionals for more than 80 developing countries in the world through international training courses.This technology 4.　　　　 (introduce) to more and more places in the world so far.
Yuan Longping,5.　　　　 expert who cultivated the world’s first high-yield hybrid rice strain,not only earned respect from Chinese people but also the global community.His hybrid rice research has been 6.　　 　　 (large) saving millions of people from hunger.Yuan’s dream was 7.　　　　 (solve) the global food shortage problem and promote hybrid rice around the world.
8.　　　　 China has achieved is a great wonder,feeding nearly one fifth of the world’s population with less than 9% of the world’s total land.And China is 9.　　　　 (will) to contribute to global food security and calls for joint efforts to end global hunger and poverty.
It is believed 10.　　　　 Yuan’s dream will come true one day.

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