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语法专项指导
非限制性定语从句
一、使用非限制性定语从句的情况
1.关系代词指代整个主句的内容。
They worked out a solution despite all the hardship,which was rather inspiring for us.
他们不畏艰难,想出了一个解决办法,这让我们深受鼓舞。
2.先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰。
The moon,which is 384,400 kilometres away from the Earth,creates many beautiful stories.
离地球384 400千米远的月球,创造了很多美丽的故事。
Yesterday she sold her car,which she bought a month ago.
昨天她卖掉了她一个月之前买的汽车。
3.“名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构中。
此结构常见的有some(several、a few、many、most、part、the largest) of which/whom等形式。有时of which/whom可以提到名词、代词等前面。
He has six suits,of which two are black.
他有六套西服,其中两套是黑色的。
I have some friends,some of whom are experts.
我有一些朋友,其中有些是专家。
用适当的关系词填空
①Peter,　　　　 you met in Beijing,served as a volunteer in the 2023 Asian Games.
②He has been applying himself to studying,　　　　 is what his family expect.
③She gave me another piece of advice,　　　　 I think was of great help to the research work.
④His sister,　　　　 is 25 years old,is teaching in Xinjiang to chase her dream.
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1.意义不同。
在限制性定语从句中,从句不可省略,否则原句句意不完整;而非限制性定语从句若去掉从句,主句意思仍完整。
There’s a park near the school where I often go with other students at the weekend.
学校附近有一个公园,周末我经常和其他学生一起去。(限制性定语从句,起限定作用,去掉从句句意不完整)
The house,which we bought last month,lies in the centre of the city.
那所房子位于市中心,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性定语从句,补充说明购买时间,去掉从句句意仍完整)
2.结构要求不同。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,从句与先行词之间不加逗号;而非限制性定语从句用逗号与先行词或主句隔开。
Do you know the man who is clever at painting
你认识那个擅长绘画的人吗 (限制性定语从句)
Our class will hold a theme class meeting,which will be exhibited on the campus website.
我们班级将举办一次主题班会,将在校园网站上展示。(非限制性定语从句)
3.作用不同。
限制性定语从句起修饰限制作用,只可修饰先行词;而非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,可修饰先行词或主句。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
这是我所读过的小说中最好的一部。(限制性定语从句,先行词是novel)
The novel,which I read last night,is very interesting.
我昨天晚上看的那部小说非常有趣。(非限制性定语从句,先行词是the novel)
The book is very interesting,which makes me very excited.
这本书很有趣,这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句,which指代前面整句话的内容)
4.省略情况不同。
限制性定语从句关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略;而非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可以省略。
This is a good story (which/that) I read a few days ago.
这是我几天前看过的一个好故事。(限制性定语从句关系代词可以省略)
Last week,we took the foreign students to experience the authentic tea culture,which turned out to be worthwhile.
上个星期,我们带领外国学生体验了正宗的茶文化,结果证明非常值得。(非限制性定语从句关系代词不可以省略)
用适当的关系词填空
①She has been writing for more than half a year,　　　　 is quite unexpected to her.
②He is a warm-hearted man,　　　　 lives next to me.
③The old man has three sons,two of 　　　　 work as teachers.
三、as、which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1.as引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词一般为整个主句;而which引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词既可以是整个主句,也可以是主句的一部分。
As we can see,it is impossible to get satisfying results without continuous efforts.
我们可以看到,如果没有持续不断的努力,就不可能取得令人满意的结果。
I was deeply inspired by the artwork I admired yesterday,which was completed by a famous painter.
昨天,我欣赏了一件由一位知名画家完成的艺术作品,深受启发。
He always concentrates all his attention on work,which often makes him forget eating and sleeping.
他总是全神贯注于工作,这常常使他忘记吃饭和睡觉。
2.as引导的从句位置比较灵活,可以位于先行词之前和之后,而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。
As is known to all,our country is sure to turn more advanced and more powerful with all the people working together.
众所周知,在全体人民的共同努力下,我们的国家一定会变得更加先进、更加强大。
Practice is the only way of testing truth,as we know.
我们知道,实践是检验真理的唯一方式。
I am now used to getting up early and working out every day,which enables me to become healthier.
我现在习惯了每天早起锻炼,这让我变得更加健康。
3.as引导从句时常译为“正如”,而which常译为“这;那”。常用句型有as we all know、as is known to all、as everybody can see、as is expected等。
As everybody can see,great changes have taken place in China.
正如大家所能看到的,中国已发生了巨大的变化。
Tom got the first prize in the competition,which made his parents happy.
汤姆在比赛中获得一等奖,这使得他父母很开心。
用适当的关系词填空
①The writer combined his experiences and imagination in his new fiction,　　　　 is reported by the magazine.
②We should do more reading,　　　　 will expand our horizons.
四、使用非限制性定语从句应注意的问题
1.非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。
2.非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用for which代替why。
I had told them the reason,for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
我已经告诉了他们为什么我没有参加会议。
3.非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个主句的内容,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
The sun heats the Earth,which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳给予地球热量,这就使植物的生长成为可能。 (先行词为整个主句的内容)
用适当的关系词填空
①He achieved great progress in the midterm exams,　　　　 made him feel much more confident.
②The reason,　　　　 he was absent,was that he buried himself in a maths problem and forgot the time.
1.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students,many of 　　　　 have emotional control issues.
2.(2023·全国甲卷)He stressed the self-cultivation,respect for elders,and the pursuit of knowledge,　　　　 serves as a guiding light in our fast-paced and interconnected world.
3.(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city,　　　　 is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world,means there is always something new to discover here...
4.(2023·浙江1月卷)The activity began with a lecture by a local botanist,　　　　 taught us about the different characteristics and uses of various plant species.
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.I’m really excited to be informed that we’re going to attend the professor’s lecture,　　　　 will definitely be inspiring and informative.
2.Soon children in the camp had many friends,with 　　　　 they shared food and stories.
3.Bob’s father,　　　　 worked on the important project,has been staying in Egypt for four years.
4.When she graduated from college,she went to Shanghai,　　　　 she made great progress and became a manager in a company.
5.The manager,in 　　　　 office I just attended an interview,asked me to go back,waiting for the reply.
6.She has written a book,the name of 　　　　 I have forgotten.
7.　　　　 can be seen from his face,he is quite pleased at this good news.
8.We’ll put off the meeting till next week,　　　　 we won’t be so busy.
9.Many world-famous scientists were present at the awarding ceremony,two of 　　　　 are from China.
10.Many world-famous scientists were present at the awarding ceremony,and two of 　　　　 are from China.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.我想邀请你参加这次分享活动,我认为这会帮助你了解更多名人的故事。
2.他创造了许多优秀的经典作品,因此曾被授予诺贝尔奖。
3.他发表了许多文章,大部分都是他独立完成的。
4.我喜欢待在实验室,在那里我可以专注于科学研究。
5.正如人们期望的那样,他实验做得非常成功。语法专项指导
非限制性定语从句
一、使用非限制性定语从句的情况
1.关系代词指代整个主句的内容。
They worked out a solution despite all the hardship,which was rather inspiring for us.
他们不畏艰难,想出了一个解决办法,这让我们深受鼓舞。
2.先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰。
The moon,which is 384,400 kilometres away from the Earth,creates many beautiful stories.
离地球384 400千米远的月球,创造了很多美丽的故事。
Yesterday she sold her car,which she bought a month ago.
昨天她卖掉了她一个月之前买的汽车。
3.“名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构中。
此结构常见的有some(several、a few、many、most、part、the largest) of which/whom等形式。有时of which/whom可以提到名词、代词等前面。
He has six suits,of which two are black.
他有六套西服,其中两套是黑色的。
I have some friends,some of whom are experts.
我有一些朋友,其中有些是专家。
用适当的关系词填空
①Peter,　　　　 you met in Beijing,served as a volunteer in the 2023 Asian Games.
②He has been applying himself to studying,　　　　 is what his family expect.
③She gave me another piece of advice,　　　　 I think was of great help to the research work.
④His sister,　　　　 is 25 years old,is teaching in Xinjiang to chase her dream.
答案:①whom　②which　③which　④who
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1.意义不同。
在限制性定语从句中,从句不可省略,否则原句句意不完整;而非限制性定语从句若去掉从句,主句意思仍完整。
There’s a park near the school where I often go with other students at the weekend.
学校附近有一个公园,周末我经常和其他学生一起去。(限制性定语从句,起限定作用,去掉从句句意不完整)
The house,which we bought last month,lies in the centre of the city.
那所房子位于市中心,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性定语从句,补充说明购买时间,去掉从句句意仍完整)
2.结构要求不同。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,从句与先行词之间不加逗号;而非限制性定语从句用逗号与先行词或主句隔开。
Do you know the man who is clever at painting
你认识那个擅长绘画的人吗 (限制性定语从句)
Our class will hold a theme class meeting,which will be exhibited on the campus website.
我们班级将举办一次主题班会,将在校园网站上展示。(非限制性定语从句)
3.作用不同。
限制性定语从句起修饰限制作用,只可修饰先行词;而非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,可修饰先行词或主句。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
这是我所读过的小说中最好的一部。(限制性定语从句,先行词是novel)
The novel,which I read last night,is very interesting.
我昨天晚上看的那部小说非常有趣。(非限制性定语从句,先行词是the novel)
The book is very interesting,which makes me very excited.
这本书很有趣,这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句,which指代前面整句话的内容)
4.省略情况不同。
限制性定语从句关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略;而非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可以省略。
This is a good story (which/that) I read a few days ago.
这是我几天前看过的一个好故事。(限制性定语从句关系代词可以省略)
Last week,we took the foreign students to experience the authentic tea culture,which turned out to be worthwhile.
上个星期,我们带领外国学生体验了正宗的茶文化,结果证明非常值得。(非限制性定语从句关系代词不可以省略)
用适当的关系词填空
①She has been writing for more than half a year,　　　　 is quite unexpected to her.
②He is a warm-hearted man,　　　　 lives next to me.
③The old man has three sons,two of 　　　　 work as teachers.
答案:①which　②who　③whom
三、as、which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1.as引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词一般为整个主句;而which引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词既可以是整个主句,也可以是主句的一部分。
As we can see,it is impossible to get satisfying results without continuous efforts.
我们可以看到,如果没有持续不断的努力,就不可能取得令人满意的结果。
I was deeply inspired by the artwork I admired yesterday,which was completed by a famous painter.
昨天,我欣赏了一件由一位知名画家完成的艺术作品,深受启发。
He always concentrates all his attention on work,which often makes him forget eating and sleeping.
他总是全神贯注于工作,这常常使他忘记吃饭和睡觉。
2.as引导的从句位置比较灵活,可以位于先行词之前和之后,而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。
As is known to all,our country is sure to turn more advanced and more powerful with all the people working together.
众所周知,在全体人民的共同努力下,我们的国家一定会变得更加先进、更加强大。
Practice is the only way of testing truth,as we know.
我们知道,实践是检验真理的唯一方式。
I am now used to getting up early and working out every day,which enables me to become healthier.
我现在习惯了每天早起锻炼,这让我变得更加健康。
3.as引导从句时常译为“正如”,而which常译为“这;那”。常用句型有as we all know、as is known to all、as everybody can see、as is expected等。
As everybody can see,great changes have taken place in China.
正如大家所能看到的,中国已发生了巨大的变化。
Tom got the first prize in the competition,which made his parents happy.
汤姆在比赛中获得一等奖,这使得他父母很开心。
用适当的关系词填空
①The writer combined his experiences and imagination in his new fiction,　　　　 is reported by the magazine.
②We should do more reading,　　　　 will expand our horizons.
答案:①as　②which
四、使用非限制性定语从句应注意的问题
1.非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。
2.非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用for which代替why。
I had told them the reason,for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
我已经告诉了他们为什么我没有参加会议。
3.非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个主句的内容,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
The sun heats the Earth,which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳给予地球热量,这就使植物的生长成为可能。 (先行词为整个主句的内容)
用适当的关系词填空
①He achieved great progress in the midterm exams,　　　　 made him feel much more confident.
②The reason,　　　　 he was absent,was that he buried himself in a maths problem and forgot the time.
答案:①which　②for which
1.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students,many of 　　　　 have emotional control issues.
2.(2023·全国甲卷)He stressed the self-cultivation,respect for elders,and the pursuit of knowledge,　　　　 serves as a guiding light in our fast-paced and interconnected world.
3.(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city,　　　　 is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world,means there is always something new to discover here...
4.(2023·浙江1月卷)The activity began with a lecture by a local botanist,　　　　 taught us about the different characteristics and uses of various plant species.
答案及剖析:
1.whom　考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该从句为“数词+介词+关系词”的结构,关系词指人。故填whom。
2.which　考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,指物。故填which。
3.which　考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,指物。故填which。
4.who　 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,指人。故填who。
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.I’m really excited to be informed that we’re going to attend the professor’s lecture,　　　　 will definitely be inspiring and informative.
2.Soon children in the camp had many friends,with 　　　　 they shared food and stories.
3.Bob’s father,　　　　 worked on the important project,has been staying in Egypt for four years.
4.When she graduated from college,she went to Shanghai,　　　　 she made great progress and became a manager in a company.
5.The manager,in 　　　　 office I just attended an interview,asked me to go back,waiting for the reply.
6.She has written a book,the name of 　　　　 I have forgotten.
7.　　　　 can be seen from his face,he is quite pleased at this good news.
8.We’ll put off the meeting till next week,　　　　 we won’t be so busy.
9.Many world-famous scientists were present at the awarding ceremony,two of 　　　　 are from China.
10.Many world-famous scientists were present at the awarding ceremony,and two of 　　　　 are from China.
答案:1.which　2.whom　3.who　4.where　5.whose
6.which　7.As　8.when　9.whom　10.them
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.我想邀请你参加这次分享活动,我认为这会帮助你了解更多名人的故事。
2.他创造了许多优秀的经典作品,因此曾被授予诺贝尔奖。
3.他发表了许多文章,大部分都是他独立完成的。
4.我喜欢待在实验室,在那里我可以专注于科学研究。
5.正如人们期望的那样,他实验做得非常成功。
答案:1.I’d like to invite you to join this sharing activity,which I think will help you learn about more stories of great men.
2.He created a number of excellent classical works,for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize.
3.He has published many articles,most of which were completed on his own.
4.I like staying at the laboratory,where I can concentrate on scientific research.
5.He did the experiment successfully,as had been expected.

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