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语法专项指导
动词-ing形式作主语
一、概述
1.动词-ing形式是一种非谓语形式,它是在动词的基础上加-ing,使该动词或动词短语有名词的各种特征,可作名词灵活使用,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语,但是不能独立作谓语。
Learning new words is very important for me.
学习新单词对我来说非常重要。
2.动词-ing形式作主语,谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。
Learning to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
学会批判性思考是当今孩子未来需要的一项重要技能。
Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.
每天散步有助于保持身体健康。
3.动词-ing形式的被动形式是being done,也可以作主语,但表示被动关系。
Being included in the top ten tourist destinations has brought great popularity to this place.
入选十大旅游胜地为这里带来了巨大的人气。
翻译句子
①长时间暴露在阳光下不会对这里的植物产生影响。
②沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣且有益的体验。
答案:①Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time has no effect on the plants here.
②Travelling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
二、动词-ing形式作主语的几种类型
1.动词-ing形式作主语时,往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,通常置于句首。
Saying is one thing,and doing is another.
说是一回事,而做是另一回事。
2.用it作形式主语,把动词-ing形式(真正主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
It’s worthwhile climbing this mountain on such a clear day.
在这样晴朗的天气里爬这座山是值得的。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。(谚语)
It’s fun watching the pandas sleeping in the zoo.
在动物园里看熊猫睡觉很有趣。
It is no good complaining about the weather, and we’d better adopt the backup plan.
抱怨天气是没有用的,我们最好还是采用备用计划。
　　常见的能用于这种结构的形容词或名词有useless、worthwhile、waste、good、use、fun。
It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth
做某事是没用的/是值得的
It’s a waste of time doing sth
做某事是浪费时间
It’s no good/use/fun doing sth
做某事没好处/没用/没意思
注意:important、essential、necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。
3.用于布告形式的省略结构中。
No smoking.(=Smoking is not allowed here.) 禁止吸烟。
No littering.
禁止乱丢垃圾。
句子语法填空
①　　　　(read) English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.
②It is a waste of time 　　　　 (refer) to this travel brochure which was published 10 years ago.
答案:①Reading　②referring
三、动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语
　　当动词-ing形式有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词的所有格或形容词性物主代词,构成动词-ing形式的复合结构(这时,名词的所有格或代词作动词-ing形式的逻辑主语)。动词-ing形式的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。
The students’ knowing English well will help them to learn French.
学生们学好英语对他们学习法语有帮助。
My visiting his hometown without advance notice made him rather surprised and delightful.
我没有提前通知就来到他的家乡,使他感到十分惊喜。
完成句子
①他们前来帮忙对我们来说是巨大的鼓舞。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was a great encouragement to us.
②迈克加入我们的徒步小队对于我们来说意义重大。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 means a lot to us.
答案:①Their coming to help　②Mike’s joining our hiking team
四、动词-ing形式作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较
　　动词-ing形式和动词不定式都可以用作主语,且在意义上相近。但动词-ing形式多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。
Smoking is not good for health.
吸烟有害健康。
To smoke is not good for you.
抽烟对你的身体不好。
①在“It is no use...”“It is no good...”“It is no fun...”“It is a waste of time...”等句型中,通常用动词-ing形式作真正主语。
It is a waste of time talking about that.
谈论那件事是浪费时间。
②在疑问句中,通常用动词-ing形式的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语。
Did Jack’s winning the competition make you encouraged
杰克赢得比赛有让你们受到鼓舞吗
③当句子中的主语和表语都是非谓语动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要统一。
Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
完成句子
①在公园里跑步是我的习惯,明天早上和我的朋友一起跑步是我们一同计划好的事情。
　　　　 in the park is my habit, and 　　　　　 with my friend tomorrow morning is what we’ve planned to do together.
②了解基本的生存知识会帮助你在野外应对各种突发情况。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 will help you to deal with all kinds of emergencies in the wild.
答案:①Running; to run　②Knowing basic survival knowledge
1.(2023·全国甲卷)“　　　　 (show) thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
2.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)　　　　 (cycle) is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights.
3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Besides, 　　　　 (work) in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students,many of whom have emotional control issues.
4.(2023·全国乙卷)Living in Iowa and 　　　　 (try) to become a photographer specialising in landscape can be quite a challenge,mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
答案及剖析:
1.Showing　考查动词-ing形式。句子缺少主语,因此用动词-ing形式。故填Showing。
2.Cycling　考查动词-ing形式。句子缺少主语,因此用动词-ing形式。故填Cycling。
3.working　考查动词-ing形式。句子缺少主语,因此用动词-ing形式。故填working。
4.trying　考查动词-ing形式。句子缺少主语,因此用动词-ing形式。故填trying。
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.　　　　 (set) your watch five minutes ahead is an effective way to avoid being late.
2.　　　　 (read) is necessary for you to expand your knowledge.
3.　　　　(talk) with your kid heart to heart is very important.
4.　　　　 (make) some arrangements is a must if you want to travel abroad.
5.It’s no fun just 　　　　 (stay) at the hotel all day.
6.Surprisingly, his not 　　　　 (understand) Chinese brought little inconvenience to him when he was in China.
7.　　　　 (climb) up the mountain will make you exhausted.
8.It’s worthwhile 　　　　 (drive) along the main coastal highway.
9.　　　　 (go) hiking is an exciting and rewarding activity for him.
10.It is useless only 　　　　 (worry) about unknown matters, which can make you upset.
答案:1.Setting　2.Reading　3.Talking　4.Making
5.staying　6.understanding　7.Climbing
8.driving　9.Going　10.worrying
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.有国际视野和创新精神对中国的年轻一代是很重要的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is crucial to China’s younger generation.
2.人们普遍认为劳逸结合是很重要的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is of great importance.
3.我每天都陪我母亲去湖边,这进一步增强了我们之间的感情。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 further strengthens our relationship.
4.清晨在公园里散步有助于释放我们的压力。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 helps us relieve the stress.
5.将出行的所有细节都考虑在内不是一件容易的事。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is never an easy task.
答案:1.Being equipped with global vision and the spirit of innovation　2.It’s generally agreed that combining work and relaxation　3.My accompanying my mother to the lake every day
4.Taking a walk in the park in the morning　5.Taking all the details of travelling into consideration语法专项指导
动词-ing形式作主语
一、概述
1.动词-ing形式是一种非谓语形式,它是在动词的基础上加-ing,使该动词或动词短语有名词的各种特征,可作名词灵活使用,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语,但是不能独立作谓语。
Learning new words is very important for me.
学习新单词对我来说非常重要。
2.动词-ing形式作主语,谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。
Learning to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
学会批判性思考是当今孩子未来需要的一项重要技能。
Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.
每天散步有助于保持身体健康。
3.动词-ing形式的被动形式是being done,也可以作主语,但表示被动关系。
Being included in the top ten tourist destinations has brought great popularity to this place.
入选十大旅游胜地为这里带来了巨大的人气。
翻译句子
①长时间暴露在阳光下不会对这里的植物产生影响。
②沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣且有益的体验。
二、动词-ing形式作主语的几种类型
1.动词-ing形式作主语时,往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,通常置于句首。
Saying is one thing,and doing is another.
说是一回事,而做是另一回事。
2.用it作形式主语,把动词-ing形式(真正主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
It’s worthwhile climbing this mountain on such a clear day.
在这样晴朗的天气里爬这座山是值得的。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。(谚语)
It’s fun watching the pandas sleeping in the zoo.
在动物园里看熊猫睡觉很有趣。
It is no good complaining about the weather, and we’d better adopt the backup plan.
抱怨天气是没有用的,我们最好还是采用备用计划。
　　常见的能用于这种结构的形容词或名词有useless、worthwhile、waste、good、use、fun。
It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth
做某事是没用的/是值得的
It’s a waste of time doing sth
做某事是浪费时间
It’s no good/use/fun doing sth
做某事没好处/没用/没意思
注意:important、essential、necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。
3.用于布告形式的省略结构中。
No smoking.(=Smoking is not allowed here.) 禁止吸烟。
No littering.
禁止乱丢垃圾。
句子语法填空
①　　　　(read) English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.
②It is a waste of time 　　　　 (refer) to this travel brochure which was published 10 years ago.
三、动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语
　　当动词-ing形式有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词的所有格或形容词性物主代词,构成动词-ing形式的复合结构(这时,名词的所有格或代词作动词-ing形式的逻辑主语)。动词-ing形式的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。
The students’ knowing English well will help them to learn French.
学生们学好英语对他们学习法语有帮助。
My visiting his hometown without advance notice made him rather surprised and delightful.
我没有提前通知就来到他的家乡,使他感到十分惊喜。
完成句子
①他们前来帮忙对我们来说是巨大的鼓舞。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was a great encouragement to us.
②迈克加入我们的徒步小队对于我们来说意义重大。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 means a lot to us.
四、动词-ing形式作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较
　　动词-ing形式和动词不定式都可以用作主语,且在意义上相近。但动词-ing形式多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。
Smoking is not good for health.
吸烟有害健康。
To smoke is not good for you.
抽烟对你的身体不好。
①在“It is no use...”“It is no good...”“It is no fun...”“It is a waste of time...”等句型中,通常用动词-ing形式作真正主语。
It is a waste of time talking about that.
谈论那件事是浪费时间。
②在疑问句中,通常用动词-ing形式的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语。
Did Jack’s winning the competition make you encouraged
杰克赢得比赛有让你们受到鼓舞吗
③当句子中的主语和表语都是非谓语动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要统一。
Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
完成句子
①在公园里跑步是我的习惯,明天早上和我的朋友一起跑步是我们一同计划好的事情。
　　　　 in the park is my habit, and 　　　　　 with my friend tomorrow morning is what we’ve planned to do together.
②了解基本的生存知识会帮助你在野外应对各种突发情况。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 will help you to deal with all kinds of emergencies in the wild.
1.(2023·全国甲卷)“　　　　 (show) thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
2.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)　　　　 (cycle) is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights.
3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Besides, 　　　　 (work) in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students,many of whom have emotional control issues.
4.(2023·全国乙卷)Living in Iowa and 　　　　 (try) to become a photographer specialising in landscape can be quite a challenge,mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.　　　　 (set) your watch five minutes ahead is an effective way to avoid being late.
2.　　　　 (read) is necessary for you to expand your knowledge.
3.　　　　(talk) with your kid heart to heart is very important.
4.　　　　 (make) some arrangements is a must if you want to travel abroad.
5.It’s no fun just 　　　　 (stay) at the hotel all day.
6.Surprisingly, his not 　　　　 (understand) Chinese brought little inconvenience to him when he was in China.
7.　　　　 (climb) up the mountain will make you exhausted.
8.It’s worthwhile 　　　　 (drive) along the main coastal highway.
9.　　　　 (go) hiking is an exciting and rewarding activity for him.
10.It is useless only 　　　　 (worry) about unknown matters, which can make you upset.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.有国际视野和创新精神对中国的年轻一代是很重要的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is crucial to China’s younger generation.
2.人们普遍认为劳逸结合是很重要的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is of great importance.
3.我每天都陪我母亲去湖边,这进一步增强了我们之间的感情。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 further strengthens our relationship.
4.清晨在公园里散步有助于释放我们的压力。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 helps us relieve the stress.
5.将出行的所有细节都考虑在内不是一件容易的事。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is never an easy task.

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