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语法专项指导
动词-ing形式作表语和宾语
一、动词-ing形式作表语
1.动词-ing形式作表语的两种含义。
(1)可以表示抽象的、一般性的行为,说明主语的情况或性质,与主语通常是同一概念,其内容在逻辑上等于主语的内容,表语和主语常可互换位置。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
=Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是尽可能保持演讲厅的清洁。
His hobby is reading books in his spare time.
=Reading books in his spare time is his hobby.
他的爱好是在业余时间读书。
(2)可以表示主语的某种性质和特征,总是跟在系动词之后,构成复合谓语。这类动词-ing形式通常可以被看作形容词,表示主语所具有的特征。
But the progress is encouraging.
但这一进展鼓舞人心。
What he says sounds more convincing.
他说的话听起来更有说服力。
　　作表语的动词-ing形式,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有moving、interesting、encouraging、exciting、inspiring、boring、surprising、puzzling、amusing、astonishing等,这类词有“令人……的”的含义,常修饰物。动词-ing形式作表语时,常与be、appear、sound、look、become、come、get、go、grow、keep、remain、seem等动词连用。
2.动词-ing形式和过去分词作表语的区别。
动词-ing 形式作 表语 动词-ing形式作表语强调的是一般性的、抽象的、经常发生的动作,可与主语互换位置,或表示主语的性质和特征,意为“(事物)令人感到……的”
过去分词 作表语 表示人的某种感觉、体会,意为“(人)感到……的”。过去分词常与be、appear、become、feel、get、grow、look、remain、seem等动词连用
This dog is frightening.(说明狗的性质和特征)
这条狗让人害怕。
This dog is frightened.(说明狗的感觉和体会)
这条狗有些害怕。
(1)句子语法填空
①The real problem is 　　　　 (get) to know the needs of the customers.
②Please stop making that noise—it’s getting 　　　　 (annoy).
③His mother would be 　　　　 (annoy) because he was late.
(2)完成句子
④他的工作是在这个城市里送快递。
His job is 　 .
⑤演讲如此鼓舞人心,以至于他们都很激动。
The speech was 　　　　　　　 that they were all 　　　　　.
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
1.某些及物动词后面的宾语只能用动词-ing形式,接动词-ing形式作宾语的常用动词 (短语) 如下。
避免错过少延期 (avoid、miss、delay/put off)
建议完成多练习 (advise、finish、practise)
喜欢想象禁不住 (enjoy、imagine、can’t help)
承认否定与嫉妒 (admit、deny、envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅 (escape、risk、excuse)
忍受保持不介意 (stand、keep、mind)
It is very important that we should practise speaking English every day.
我们每天练习说英语是很重要的。
To avoid missing the last train,please check the last train times posted in stations.
为了避免错过末班列车,请查阅本站张贴的末班列车时刻表。
Little Tom admitted breaking his mother’s favourite vase, but his mother didn’t punish him.
小汤姆承认打碎了他妈妈最喜欢的花瓶,但他妈妈没有惩罚他。
　　advise、allow、permit、forbid、recommend等词后直接接动词-ing形式作宾语,如果后面有名词、代词作宾语,则其后用不定式作宾语补足语。
Teachers don’t allow speaking loudly in class.
老师不允许在课堂上大声说话。
The doctor may allow her to return to work next week.
医生也许会允许她下个星期回去上班。
2.作介词的宾语。
　　下面的短语常用动词-ing形式作介词的宾语:be good at、dream of、care about、be concerned about、be interested in、feel like、insist on、think of、aim at、set about、be used to、get down to、lead to、devote oneself to、look forward to、stick to、pay attention to等。
I’m really looking forward to seeing you again.
我非常盼望能再见到你。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.
我梦想着环游世界,过上幸福的生活。
3.动词-ing形式作介词的宾语,介词省略的情况。
spend...(in) doing sth 花费……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth 做……有困难/麻烦
续　表
stop/prevent...(from) doing sth 阻止……做某事
waste time (in) doing sth 浪费时间做某事
be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing sth 高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事
There is no point (in) doing sth 做某事毫无意义
There is no point trying to persuade him; he is so stubborn.
试图说服他是没有意义的;他太固执了。
The rescue workers had a hard time rebuilding the city stricken by the earthquake.
救援人员在重建遭受地震袭击的城市时经历了一段艰难的时光。
Nothing can stop me from pursuing my own dream.
什么也阻挡不了我追求自己的梦想。
句子语法填空
①I can’t stand 　　　　 (interrupt) all the time.
②There is no point 　　　　 (cry) over the spilt milk.
③He stuck to 　　　　 (make) decisions by himself.
④The doctor advised him 　　　　 (have) a balanced diet.
三、动词-ing形式作宾语时的几个特殊情况
1.动词-ing形式的复合结构。
Would you mind my/me/Tom’s/Tom closing the window
你介意我/汤姆关上窗户吗
2.某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式作宾语,也可以用动词-ing形式作宾语。
(1)begin、start、continue等动词后既可跟不定式,又可跟动词-ing形式作宾语,意义基本相同。
They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest.
休息了一会儿后,他们继续讨论这项计划。
(2)love、like、hate等动词后可跟动词-ing形式和不定式作宾语,但接动词-ing形式表示经常性的情况,接不定式表示具体的动作。
I hate driving alone on a long journey.(习惯)
我不喜欢在长途旅行中独自开车。
Gary hates to tell his mother the truth.(具体)
加里不喜欢告诉他妈妈那个事实。
(3)一些动词后既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语,又可跟不定式作宾语,但意义有很大差别。
regret to do 对要做的事感到遗憾 (未做)
doing 对做过的事感到后悔 (已做)
remember/ forget to do 记着/忘记要做某事 (未做)
doing 记得/忘记做过某事 (已做)
mean to do 打算做某事
doing 意味着做某事
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事
doing 停下正在做的事
try to do 努力做某事
doing 尝试着做某事
can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事
(to)do 不能帮着做某事
I remember meeting her at a party once.
我记得曾在一次聚会上见过她。
Remember to turn off the light before you leave.
走之前别忘了关灯。
He had stopped to catch his breath and make sure of his directions.
他停下来喘口气,确定一下方向。
My mother noticed that I had stopped working and asked me why.
我的妈妈注意到我停止工作了,问我为什么停下来。
Missing this train means waiting for another hour.
错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一个小时。
I didn’t mean to upset you.
我并不是要让你伤心。
3.用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词-ing形式。其结构为“主语 + think/consider/find/feel/believe +it + useless/no use/no good + doing...”。
We found it no use doing the work again.
我们发现那工作再做一次也无用。
Do you consider it any good sending more people over
你觉得多派一些人去会有好处吗
4.动词deserve作“应受”及need、want、require等作“需要”讲时,若主语与后面的动词构成被动关系,其后必须用动词-ing形式的主动形式或动词不定式的被动形式作宾语,即“deserve/need/want/require + doing/to be done”。
He deserves praising for doing such a good deed.=He deserves to be praised for doing such a good deed.
他做了这样一件好事,值得表扬。
The patient requires to be taken good care of.=The patient requires taking good care of.
这位病人需要好好照顾。
5.在 (be) worth后面只能用动词-ing形式来表示被动意义。
Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.
好的意见值得坚持,因为它们对我们大家都有好处。
(1)句子语法填空
①The room looks so dirty that it needs 　　　　 (clean).
②We consider it no use 　　　　 (persuade) him to accept the job.
③I really appreciate 　　　　 (he) helping me out of trouble.
(2)完成句子
④我们很遗憾地告诉你,你没有被录取。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 you are not admitted.
1.(2023·全国乙卷) I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid 　　　　 (miss) the moment I am attempting to photograph.
2.(2023·全国甲卷) In the Digital Age, we’re used to 　　　　 (have) what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.
3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Some students get so interested in 　　　　 (garden) that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.
4.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognise and take part in the activities that are most 　　　　 (satisfy) and meaningful to them.
5.(2023·浙江1月卷) I experienced this when I started 　　　　 (switch) to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me.
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.The scenery in the West Lake is so 　　　　 (amaze) that you can’t miss it.
2.This book, with its beautiful cover and positive content, is worth 　　　　 (read).
3.Accustomed to　　　　(climb) the steep mountains,she had no difficulty 　　　　 (reach) the top.
4.He delayed　　　　 (tell) her the news, waiting for the right moment.
5.I recommend　　　　(buy) an English-Chinese dictionary,which will be of great help to your studies.
Ⅱ.语篇填空
　　It was really 1.　　　　 (worry) that Tom spent most of his time 2.　　　　 (search) for information on the Internet each day.Therefore,Tom’s father advised him 3.　　　　 (use) the Internet less because sitting in front of a computer did great harm to his health.However, he found it no use 4.　　　　 (do) so, for Tom wouldn’t listen.Tom told his parents that was what his job required and staying up late had become his habit.In my opinion, though busy 5.　　　　 (work) at the computer, Tom should have a rest regularly to keep healthy. 语法专项指导
动词-ing形式作表语和宾语
一、动词-ing形式作表语
1.动词-ing形式作表语的两种含义。
(1)可以表示抽象的、一般性的行为,说明主语的情况或性质,与主语通常是同一概念,其内容在逻辑上等于主语的内容,表语和主语常可互换位置。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
=Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是尽可能保持演讲厅的清洁。
His hobby is reading books in his spare time.
=Reading books in his spare time is his hobby.
他的爱好是在业余时间读书。
(2)可以表示主语的某种性质和特征,总是跟在系动词之后,构成复合谓语。这类动词-ing形式通常可以被看作形容词,表示主语所具有的特征。
But the progress is encouraging.
但这一进展鼓舞人心。
What he says sounds more convincing.
他说的话听起来更有说服力。
　　作表语的动词-ing形式,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有moving、interesting、encouraging、exciting、inspiring、boring、surprising、puzzling、amusing、astonishing等,这类词有“令人……的”的含义,常修饰物。动词-ing形式作表语时,常与be、appear、sound、look、become、come、get、go、grow、keep、remain、seem等动词连用。
2.动词-ing形式和过去分词作表语的区别。
动词-ing 形式作 表语 动词-ing形式作表语强调的是一般性的、抽象的、经常发生的动作,可与主语互换位置,或表示主语的性质和特征,意为“(事物)令人感到……的”
过去分词 作表语 表示人的某种感觉、体会,意为“(人)感到……的”。过去分词常与be、appear、become、feel、get、grow、look、remain、seem等动词连用
This dog is frightening.(说明狗的性质和特征)
这条狗让人害怕。
This dog is frightened.(说明狗的感觉和体会)
这条狗有些害怕。
(1)句子语法填空
①The real problem is 　　　　 (get) to know the needs of the customers.
②Please stop making that noise—it’s getting 　　　　 (annoy).
③His mother would be 　　　　 (annoy) because he was late.
(2)完成句子
④他的工作是在这个城市里送快递。
His job is 　 .
⑤演讲如此鼓舞人心,以至于他们都很激动。
The speech was 　　　　　　　 that they were all 　　　　　.
答案:(1)①getting　②annoying　③annoyed　
(2)④delivering parcels in the city　⑤so inspiring; excited
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
1.某些及物动词后面的宾语只能用动词-ing形式,接动词-ing形式作宾语的常用动词 (短语) 如下。
避免错过少延期 (avoid、miss、delay/put off)
建议完成多练习 (advise、finish、practise)
喜欢想象禁不住 (enjoy、imagine、can’t help)
承认否定与嫉妒 (admit、deny、envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅 (escape、risk、excuse)
忍受保持不介意 (stand、keep、mind)
It is very important that we should practise speaking English every day.
我们每天练习说英语是很重要的。
To avoid missing the last train,please check the last train times posted in stations.
为了避免错过末班列车,请查阅本站张贴的末班列车时刻表。
Little Tom admitted breaking his mother’s favourite vase, but his mother didn’t punish him.
小汤姆承认打碎了他妈妈最喜欢的花瓶,但他妈妈没有惩罚他。
　　advise、allow、permit、forbid、recommend等词后直接接动词-ing形式作宾语,如果后面有名词、代词作宾语,则其后用不定式作宾语补足语。
Teachers don’t allow speaking loudly in class.
老师不允许在课堂上大声说话。
The doctor may allow her to return to work next week.
医生也许会允许她下个星期回去上班。
2.作介词的宾语。
　　下面的短语常用动词-ing形式作介词的宾语:be good at、dream of、care about、be concerned about、be interested in、feel like、insist on、think of、aim at、set about、be used to、get down to、lead to、devote oneself to、look forward to、stick to、pay attention to等。
I’m really looking forward to seeing you again.
我非常盼望能再见到你。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.
我梦想着环游世界,过上幸福的生活。
3.动词-ing形式作介词的宾语,介词省略的情况。
spend...(in) doing sth 花费……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth 做……有困难/麻烦
续　表
stop/prevent...(from) doing sth 阻止……做某事
waste time (in) doing sth 浪费时间做某事
be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing sth 高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事
There is no point (in) doing sth 做某事毫无意义
There is no point trying to persuade him; he is so stubborn.
试图说服他是没有意义的;他太固执了。
The rescue workers had a hard time rebuilding the city stricken by the earthquake.
救援人员在重建遭受地震袭击的城市时经历了一段艰难的时光。
Nothing can stop me from pursuing my own dream.
什么也阻挡不了我追求自己的梦想。
句子语法填空
①I can’t stand 　　　　 (interrupt) all the time.
②There is no point 　　　　 (cry) over the spilt milk.
③He stuck to 　　　　 (make) decisions by himself.
④The doctor advised him 　　　　 (have) a balanced diet.
答案:①being interrupted　②crying　③making
④to have
三、动词-ing形式作宾语时的几个特殊情况
1.动词-ing形式的复合结构。
Would you mind my/me/Tom’s/Tom closing the window
你介意我/汤姆关上窗户吗
2.某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式作宾语,也可以用动词-ing形式作宾语。
(1)begin、start、continue等动词后既可跟不定式,又可跟动词-ing形式作宾语,意义基本相同。
They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest.
休息了一会儿后,他们继续讨论这项计划。
(2)love、like、hate等动词后可跟动词-ing形式和不定式作宾语,但接动词-ing形式表示经常性的情况,接不定式表示具体的动作。
I hate driving alone on a long journey.(习惯)
我不喜欢在长途旅行中独自开车。
Gary hates to tell his mother the truth.(具体)
加里不喜欢告诉他妈妈那个事实。
(3)一些动词后既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语,又可跟不定式作宾语,但意义有很大差别。
regret to do 对要做的事感到遗憾 (未做)
doing 对做过的事感到后悔 (已做)
remember/ forget to do 记着/忘记要做某事 (未做)
doing 记得/忘记做过某事 (已做)
mean to do 打算做某事
doing 意味着做某事
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事
doing 停下正在做的事
try to do 努力做某事
doing 尝试着做某事
can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事
(to)do 不能帮着做某事
I remember meeting her at a party once.
我记得曾在一次聚会上见过她。
Remember to turn off the light before you leave.
走之前别忘了关灯。
He had stopped to catch his breath and make sure of his directions.
他停下来喘口气,确定一下方向。
My mother noticed that I had stopped working and asked me why.
我的妈妈注意到我停止工作了,问我为什么停下来。
Missing this train means waiting for another hour.
错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一个小时。
I didn’t mean to upset you.
我并不是要让你伤心。
3.用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词-ing形式。其结构为“主语 + think/consider/find/feel/believe +it + useless/no use/no good + doing...”。
We found it no use doing the work again.
我们发现那工作再做一次也无用。
Do you consider it any good sending more people over
你觉得多派一些人去会有好处吗
4.动词deserve作“应受”及need、want、require等作“需要”讲时,若主语与后面的动词构成被动关系,其后必须用动词-ing形式的主动形式或动词不定式的被动形式作宾语,即“deserve/need/want/require + doing/to be done”。
He deserves praising for doing such a good deed.=He deserves to be praised for doing such a good deed.
他做了这样一件好事,值得表扬。
The patient requires to be taken good care of.=The patient requires taking good care of.
这位病人需要好好照顾。
5.在 (be) worth后面只能用动词-ing形式来表示被动意义。
Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.
好的意见值得坚持,因为它们对我们大家都有好处。
(1)句子语法填空
①The room looks so dirty that it needs 　　　　 (clean).
②We consider it no use 　　　　 (persuade) him to accept the job.
③I really appreciate 　　　　 (he) helping me out of trouble.
(2)完成句子
④我们很遗憾地告诉你,你没有被录取。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 you are not admitted.
答案:(1)①cleaning/to be cleaned　②persuading　③him/his　(2)④We regret to inform you that
1.(2023·全国乙卷) I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid 　　　　 (miss) the moment I am attempting to photograph.
2.(2023·全国甲卷) In the Digital Age, we’re used to 　　　　 (have) what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.
3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Some students get so interested in 　　　　 (garden) that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.
4.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognise and take part in the activities that are most 　　　　 (satisfy) and meaningful to them.
5.(2023·浙江1月卷) I experienced this when I started 　　　　 (switch) to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me.
答案及剖析:
1.missing　考查非谓语动词。根据前面动词avoid可知,此处应用动词-ing形式。故填missing。
2.having　考查非谓语动词。根据前面的be used to可知,此处应用动词-ing形式。故填having。
3.gardening　考查非谓语动词。根据前面的get interested in可知,此处应用动词-ing形式。故填gardening。
4.satisfying　考查非谓语动词。根据上下文语境可知,此处表示“令人满意的”。故填satisfying。
5.switching　考查非谓语动词。根据前面动词start可知,此处应用动词-ing形式。故填switching。
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.The scenery in the West Lake is so 　　　　 (amaze) that you can’t miss it.
2.This book, with its beautiful cover and positive content, is worth 　　　　 (read).
3.Accustomed to　　　　(climb) the steep mountains,she had no difficulty 　　　　 (reach) the top.
4.He delayed　　　　 (tell) her the news, waiting for the right moment.
5.I recommend　　　　(buy) an English-Chinese dictionary,which will be of great help to your studies.
答案:1.amazing　2.reading　3.climbing;reaching 4.telling　5.buying
Ⅱ.语篇填空
　　It was really 1.　　　　 (worry) that Tom spent most of his time 2.　　　　 (search) for information on the Internet each day.Therefore,Tom’s father advised him 3.　　　　 (use) the Internet less because sitting in front of a computer did great harm to his health.However, he found it no use 4.　　　　 (do) so, for Tom wouldn’t listen.Tom told his parents that was what his job required and staying up late had become his habit.In my opinion, though busy 5.　　　　 (work) at the computer, Tom should have a rest regularly to keep healthy.
答案:1.worrying　2.searching　3.to use　4.doing 5.working

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