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语法专项指导
主语从句
一、主语从句的含义
　　在句子中起名词作用的从句统称为“名词性从句”。根据它们在句中的语法作用,这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句。顾名思义,如果一个分句在句子中担当主语,该分句就是主语从句。
That he was admitted into his dream university made us very happy.
他被理想的大学录取这件事使我们很高兴。
Whoever wins the competition will receive a medal.
无论是谁赢了竞赛都可以得到一枚奖牌。
When the sports meeting will be held hasn’t been decided yet.
运动会什么时候举行还没有确定。
翻译句子
①最让我印象深刻的是,他不管碰到什么困难都不轻言放弃。
②她在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们都十分惊讶。
③我们下次开会的时间和地点还没有确定。
二、主语从句的引导词
1.从属连词that、whether/if。
that在从句中不充当句子成分,也无意义,只起连接作用,但不可省略。
whether在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,意为“是否”。whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末。但由if引导的主语从句不能放在句首,只能放在句末。
That knowledge is power is true.
知识就是力量,这是真的。
Whether we will go for an outing remains unknown.
我们是否去郊游还不知道。
It is still doubtful whether/if she will play the role.
她是否要演这个角色还不能确定。
2.连接代词who、what、which、whoever、whatever等引导主语从句时,在句中既起连接作用,又在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
What he said made us believe that he was a generous man.
他说的话让我们相信他是一个大方的人。
Who will hold the meeting matters little.
谁主持会议并不要紧。
Every year,whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年,在风筝节,风筝做得最漂亮的人将赢得一份奖品。
3.连接副词when、where、how、why等在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分。
Thanks to the improvement of technology,how we make friends and communicate with each other has changed significantly.
由于技术的进步,我们交朋友和互相交流的方式发生了显著变化。
Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain.
土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间并不确定。
Where they will go for a spring outing has caused a heated discussion.
他们将去哪里春游引起了热烈的讨论。
　　主语从句中连接词的选择技巧:在确定主语从句的连接词的时候,可以根据连接词在从句中所充当的语法成分和连接词在从句中的意义两方面进行考虑。
句子语法填空
①　　　　　 book I shall choose hasn’t been decided.
②　　　　　 we need is more time.
③　　　　　 she keeps healthy is a secret.
④　　　　　 he will succeed is certain.
⑤　　　　　 comes is welcome.
三、形式主语(it)代替主语从句
　　有时为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。it作形式主语时,常用于以下句型:
句型 说明
It+系动词+形容词+主语从句 常用的形容词有important、(un)likely、possible、necessary、natural、wrong等
It+系动词+名词+主语从句 常用的名词有fact、idea、honour、wonder、pity等
It+系动词+过去分词+主语从句 常用的过去分词有known、proved、said、decided、suggested、thought等
It+不及物动词+主语从句 常用的动词有appear、happen、seem、occur、matter等
It is believed that we shall make full use of solar energy some day.
人们相信,总有一天我们将会充分利用太阳能。
It’s no wonder that your students have made such great progress.
难怪你的学生进步这么大。
It matters a great deal whether he will take the examination.
他是否参加考试很重要。
①在“It+be+形容词+that从句”句型中,如果形容词为necessary、important、strange、natural等,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。
It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.
学生学好英语很重要。
②在“It+be+过去分词+that从句”句型中,如果过去分词为suggested、advised、ordered、requested、required、demanded等,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。
It was suggested that he (should) go there.
有人建议他去那里。
①很明显他是一个英国人,从他说话的方式可以判断出来。
②我突然想起来我忘记把信寄给我祖母了。
③建议我们应该多吃蔬菜,多做运动,过健康的生活。
④很遗憾我们输了比赛,但我们得到了更重要的东西:友谊。
四、主语从句中应注意的问题
1.从句要用陈述语序。
Where you were born doesn’t make any difference.
你在哪里出生不会产生任何影响。
2.主语从句的主谓一致。
(1)主语为从句时,谓语动词一般要用单数形式,但如果what引导的从句作主语,代表复数概念(常可从表语上看出)时,谓语动词常用复数形式。
What I need is your help.
我所需要的是你的帮助。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时,谓语动词用单数形式。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where my family will go for a holiday is not decided.
我们一家何时去何地度假还未决定。
3.需要辨别以下几组引导词。
(1)whatever和whoever
whatever和whoever可以引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。在这种情况下,不能换成no matter what/who。此外,它们还可以引导让步状语从句,可以转换成no matter what/ who的形式。
Whoever leaves the classroom last is expected to switch off the light.(主语从句)
无论谁最后离开教室,都要把灯关掉。
Whoever/No matter who leaves the classroom last,he/she is expected to switch off the light.(让步状语从句)
无论谁最后离开教室,他或她都要把灯关掉。
(2)that和what
what既能引导主语从句,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)。这时what相当于“all that/everything that...”,常译成“所……的(东西、事情、话等)”;而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不充当任何句子成分。但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that。
That he will come to our school delights us all.(that不充当任何成分)
他将会到我们学校来,我们大家都很高兴。
What is even more important is that we need to cheer up in time of trouble.(what作主语)
更重要的是,在困难时期我们需要振奋起来。
句子语法填空
①　　　　 you are coming to China is the best news I have heard this long time.
②When and where the cultural exhibition will be held 　　　　 (be) being discussed at the meeting.
③　　　　 was the most important to her was her family.
1.(2023·全国乙卷)　　　　 is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.
2.(2023·全国甲卷)　　　　 we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance.
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.　　　　 he said nothing at the meeting made me puzzled.
2.　　　　 he has gone is still a mystery to us all.
3.　　　　 he will offer us help is still a problem.
4.　　　　 he wants most is spending the summer vacation with his family.
5.　　　　 he found the way home after he got lost in the deep forest is not clear to us.
6.　　　　 he came to school late this morning remains unknown.
7.　　　　 has helped to save the drowning students is worth praising.
8.　　　　 bus we should take is still a question.
9.It is obvious to the students 　　　　 they should get well prepared for their future.
10.　　　　 they will come hasn’t been made public.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.让我印象最深的是开幕式上的精彩表演。
2.人们普遍认为忽视我们的缺点对我们的成长有害。
3.无论她说什么,都不会对我们的安排有影响。
4.你有多努力,你就有多优秀。语法专项指导
主语从句
一、主语从句的含义
　　在句子中起名词作用的从句统称为“名词性从句”。根据它们在句中的语法作用,这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句。顾名思义,如果一个分句在句子中担当主语,该分句就是主语从句。
That he was admitted into his dream university made us very happy.
他被理想的大学录取这件事使我们很高兴。
Whoever wins the competition will receive a medal.
无论是谁赢了竞赛都可以得到一枚奖牌。
When the sports meeting will be held hasn’t been decided yet.
运动会什么时候举行还没有确定。
翻译句子
①最让我印象深刻的是,他不管碰到什么困难都不轻言放弃。
②她在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们都十分惊讶。
③我们下次开会的时间和地点还没有确定。
答案:①What impressed me most was that he never gave up no matter what difficulties he came across.　②That she finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.　③When and where we will have the next meeting has not been decided yet.
二、主语从句的引导词
1.从属连词that、whether/if。
that在从句中不充当句子成分,也无意义,只起连接作用,但不可省略。
whether在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,意为“是否”。whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末。但由if引导的主语从句不能放在句首,只能放在句末。
That knowledge is power is true.
知识就是力量,这是真的。
Whether we will go for an outing remains unknown.
我们是否去郊游还不知道。
It is still doubtful whether/if she will play the role.
她是否要演这个角色还不能确定。
2.连接代词who、what、which、whoever、whatever等引导主语从句时,在句中既起连接作用,又在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
What he said made us believe that he was a generous man.
他说的话让我们相信他是一个大方的人。
Who will hold the meeting matters little.
谁主持会议并不要紧。
Every year,whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年,在风筝节,风筝做得最漂亮的人将赢得一份奖品。
3.连接副词when、where、how、why等在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分。
Thanks to the improvement of technology,how we make friends and communicate with each other has changed significantly.
由于技术的进步,我们交朋友和互相交流的方式发生了显著变化。
Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain.
土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间并不确定。
Where they will go for a spring outing has caused a heated discussion.
他们将去哪里春游引起了热烈的讨论。
　　主语从句中连接词的选择技巧:在确定主语从句的连接词的时候,可以根据连接词在从句中所充当的语法成分和连接词在从句中的意义两方面进行考虑。
句子语法填空
①　　　　　 book I shall choose hasn’t been decided.
②　　　　　 we need is more time.
③　　　　　 she keeps healthy is a secret.
④　　　　　 he will succeed is certain.
⑤　　　　　 comes is welcome.
答案:①Which　②What　③How　④That　⑤Whoever
三、形式主语(it)代替主语从句
　　有时为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。it作形式主语时,常用于以下句型:
句型 说明
It+系动词+形容词+主语从句 常用的形容词有important、(un)likely、possible、necessary、natural、wrong等
It+系动词+名词+主语从句 常用的名词有fact、idea、honour、wonder、pity等
It+系动词+过去分词+主语从句 常用的过去分词有known、proved、said、decided、suggested、thought等
It+不及物动词+主语从句 常用的动词有appear、happen、seem、occur、matter等
It is believed that we shall make full use of solar energy some day.
人们相信,总有一天我们将会充分利用太阳能。
It’s no wonder that your students have made such great progress.
难怪你的学生进步这么大。
It matters a great deal whether he will take the examination.
他是否参加考试很重要。
①在“It+be+形容词+that从句”句型中,如果形容词为necessary、important、strange、natural等,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。
It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.
学生学好英语很重要。
②在“It+be+过去分词+that从句”句型中,如果过去分词为suggested、advised、ordered、requested、required、demanded等,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。
It was suggested that he (should) go there.
有人建议他去那里。
①很明显他是一个英国人,从他说话的方式可以判断出来。
②我突然想起来我忘记把信寄给我祖母了。
③建议我们应该多吃蔬菜,多做运动,过健康的生活。
④很遗憾我们输了比赛,但我们得到了更重要的东西:友谊。
答案:①It is very obvious that he is an English,which can be judged from the way he speaks.
②It occurred to me that I forgot to send the letter to my grandmother.
③It is suggested that we (should) eat more vegetables and do more exercise to live a healthy life.
④It is a pity that we lost the match,but we got something more important,friendship.
四、主语从句中应注意的问题
1.从句要用陈述语序。
Where you were born doesn’t make any difference.
你在哪里出生不会产生任何影响。
2.主语从句的主谓一致。
(1)主语为从句时,谓语动词一般要用单数形式,但如果what引导的从句作主语,代表复数概念(常可从表语上看出)时,谓语动词常用复数形式。
What I need is your help.
我所需要的是你的帮助。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时,谓语动词用单数形式。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where my family will go for a holiday is not decided.
我们一家何时去何地度假还未决定。
3.需要辨别以下几组引导词。
(1)whatever和whoever
whatever和whoever可以引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。在这种情况下,不能换成no matter what/who。此外,它们还可以引导让步状语从句,可以转换成no matter what/ who的形式。
Whoever leaves the classroom last is expected to switch off the light.(主语从句)
无论谁最后离开教室,都要把灯关掉。
Whoever/No matter who leaves the classroom last,he/she is expected to switch off the light.(让步状语从句)
无论谁最后离开教室,他或她都要把灯关掉。
(2)that和what
what既能引导主语从句,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)。这时what相当于“all that/everything that...”,常译成“所……的(东西、事情、话等)”;而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不充当任何句子成分。但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that。
That he will come to our school delights us all.(that不充当任何成分)
他将会到我们学校来,我们大家都很高兴。
What is even more important is that we need to cheer up in time of trouble.(what作主语)
更重要的是,在困难时期我们需要振奋起来。
句子语法填空
①　　　　 you are coming to China is the best news I have heard this long time.
②When and where the cultural exhibition will be held 　　　　 (be) being discussed at the meeting.
③　　　　 was the most important to her was her family.
答案:①That　②is　③What
1.(2023·全国乙卷)　　　　 is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.
2.(2023·全国甲卷)　　　　 we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance.
答案及剖析:
1.It　考查主语从句。句中It作形式主语,代替后面真正的主语从句。故填It。
2.What　考查主语从句。句中What引导主语从句,同时在从句中作discover的宾语。故填What。
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.　　　　 he said nothing at the meeting made me puzzled.
2.　　　　 he has gone is still a mystery to us all.
3.　　　　 he will offer us help is still a problem.
4.　　　　 he wants most is spending the summer vacation with his family.
5.　　　　 he found the way home after he got lost in the deep forest is not clear to us.
6.　　　　 he came to school late this morning remains unknown.
7.　　　　 has helped to save the drowning students is worth praising.
8.　　　　 bus we should take is still a question.
9.It is obvious to the students 　　　　 they should get well prepared for their future.
10.　　　　 they will come hasn’t been made public.
答案:1.That　2.Where　3.Whether　4.What
5.How　6.Why　7.Whoever　8.Which
9.that　10.When
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.让我印象最深的是开幕式上的精彩表演。
2.人们普遍认为忽视我们的缺点对我们的成长有害。
3.无论她说什么,都不会对我们的安排有影响。
4.你有多努力,你就有多优秀。
答案:1.What impressed me most were the brilliant performances at the opening ceremony.
2.It’s generally acknowledged that ignoring our shortcomings is harmful to our growth.
3.Whatever she says will not make any difference to our arrangements.
4.How excellent you will be depends on how hard you try.

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