中考英语定语从句全攻略:从基础到精通的终极指南(学案)

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中考英语定语从句全攻略:从基础到精通的终极指南(学案)

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中考英语定语从句全攻略:从基础到精通的终极指南01 定语从句定义与结构
定义
定语从句 = 修饰名词/代词的句子
结构
先行词 + 关系词 + 从句
先行词:被修饰的词(人/物/时间/地点/原因)
关系词:连接主句和从句,在从句里必须做成分
从句:修饰先行词
02 关系词
关系代词(在从句中作:主语/宾语/定语)
1).who
先行词:人
成分:主语/宾语
例句:The man who is speaking is my teacher.
2).whom
先行词:人
成分:只作宾语
例句:The man whom you met is my teacher.
3).which
先行词:物
成分:主语/宾语
例句:The book which is on the desk is mine.
4).that
先行词:人/物
成分:主语/宾语
说明:最万能,但有很多不能用的情况
5).whose
先行词:人/物
意思:……的
成分:定语
例句:This is the house whose roof is red.
关系副词(在从句中作:状语)
6).when
先行词:时间
等价替换:= in/on/at which
例句:I remember the day when we first met.
7).where
先行词:地点
等价替换:= in/at/on which
例句:This is the school where I studied.
8).why
先行词:reason
等价替换:= for which
例句:The reason why he was late is clear.
03 重要考点
(一)that 和 which 必考区别
必须用 that 的情况
先行词是 all, everything, nothing, anything, much, little, none 等不定代词
先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰
先行词被序数词/最高级修饰
先行词既有人又有物
主句已有 who/which,避免重复
必须用 which 的情况
非限制性定语从句(逗号后)
介词 + 关系词结构(介词提前)
例句:This is the house in which I live.
(二)只能用 who 不能用 that 的情况
先行词是 one, ones, anyone, those 指人时
例句:Those who work hard will succeed.
(三)as 引导定语从句
固定结构
the same … as
such … as
例句:I have the same book as you have.
as 引导非限制性定语从句
可放句首/中/尾
例句1:As we all know, the earth is round.
例句2:He is late, as is usual.
(四)限制性 vs 非限制性定语从句
限制性(无逗号)
特点:信息必不可少,去掉意思不完整
用法:可用 that
例句:The girl who is wearing red is my sister.
非限制性(有逗号)
特点:补充说明,去掉不影响主句
用法:绝对不能用 that
例句:He has two sisters, who are teachers.
(五)中考高频补充考点
关系词的省略规则
关系代词 that/which/whom 在从句中作宾语时,通常可以省略
作主语时绝对不能省略
例句:The pen (that/which) you lost is on the desk.(作宾语,可省略)
例句:The girl who is singing is my sister.(作主语,不可省略)
介词 + 关系词的特殊用法
该结构中,指物只能用 which,指人只能用 whom,不能用 that
例句:This is the boy with whom I played football yesterday.
关系代词与关系副词的核心辨析
关键判断:看定语从句是否缺主语/宾语,缺则用关系代词,不缺(仅缺状语)则用关系副词
例句:This is the village which we visited last year.(visited 后缺宾语,用 which)
例句:This is the village where we lived last year.(lived 后不缺主/宾,缺地点状语,用 where)
why 的特殊限定
关系副词 why 的先行词只能是 reason
若 reason 在从句中作主语/宾语,需用 that/which 而非 why
例句:The reason that/which he told me is true.(reason 作 told 的宾语,用 that/which)
04 必背口诀
看人用 who/whom/that
看物用 which/that
谁的用 whose
时间 when
地点 where
原因 why
逗号后面不用 that
介词后面不用 that
先行词是不定代词/最高级/序数词只用 that
05 中考经典真题演练
单项选择(共 15 题,涵盖所有核心考点)
The book ______ you lent me last week is very interesting.(2026 模拟)
A. who B. which C. whose D. where
The girl ______ is talking to our head teacher is my best friend.(2025 北京)
A. what B. whom C. who D. whose
This is the school ______ I studied five years ago.(2025 上海)
A. where B. which C. that D. what
I still remember the day ______ we first met in the park.(2026 模拟)
A. which B. when C. that D. where
This is the best movie ______ I have ever seen in my life.(2025 成都)
A. which B. that C. who D. what
The boy ______ father is a policeman won the first prize in the English contest.(2025 广州)
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
She told me something ______ I'll never forget all my life.(2026 模拟)
A. that B. who C. what D. where
The house ______ windows face the sea is very beautiful.(2025 南京)
A. which B. who C. whose D. where
Is this the factory ______ your father works every day (2026 模拟)
A. where B. which C. that D. what
She was the only student ______ passed the math exam in our class.(2025 武汉)
A. who B. which C. what D. whom
As we all know, the earth ______ goes around the sun is round.(2026 模拟)
A. who B. which C. whose D. where
I don't know the reason ______ he was late for school this morning.(2025 西安)
A. why B. which C. who D. where
We talked about the people and places ______ we visited in Beijing.(2026 模拟)
A. which B. who C. that D. where
This is the camera ______ I took these photos.(2025 重庆)
A. with which B. that C. which D. where
Those ______ break the school rules should be punished.(2026 模拟)
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
答案速查
B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B
6. C 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. A
11. B 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. A
详细答案与解析
答案 B:先行词 the book 是物,定语从句中 lent 后缺宾语,指物作宾语用 which。who 指人,whose 表所属,where 表地点状语,均排除。
答案 C:先行词 the girl 是人,定语从句中 is talking 前缺主语,指人作主语用 who。what 不引导定语从句,whom 只作宾语,whose 表所属,均排除。
答案 A:先行词 the school 是地点,定语从句中 studied 后不缺主/宾,缺地点状语,用 where。which/that 是关系代词,需作主/宾,what 不引导定语从句,均排除。
答案 B:先行词 the day 是时间,定语从句中 met 后不缺主/宾,缺时间状语,用 when。which/that 是关系代词,where 表地点,均排除。
答案 B:先行词 the best movie 被最高级 best 修饰,根据规则,此时只能用 that,不能用 which。
答案 C:先行词 the boy 是人,定语从句中 father 前缺定语,表"……的"用 whose。who 作主语,which 指物,whom 作宾语,均排除。
答案 A:先行词 something 是不定代词,根据规则,此时只能用 that。who 指人,what 不引导定语从句,where 表状语,均排除。
答案 C:先行词 the house 是物,定语从句中 windows 前缺定语,表"……的"用 whose。which 作主/宾,who 指人,where 表状语,均排除。
答案 A:先行词 the factory 是地点,定语从句中 works 后不缺主/宾,缺地点状语,用 where。which/that 是关系代词,what 不引导定语从句,均排除。
答案 A:先行词 the only student 被 the only 修饰且指人,定语从句中 passed 前缺主语,用 who。which 指物,what 不引导定语从句,whom 只作宾语,均排除。
答案 B:先行词 the earth 是物,定语从句中 goes around 前缺主语,指物作主语用 which。who 指人,whose 表所属,where 表状语,均排除。
答案 A:先行词 the reason 是原因,定语从句中不缺主/宾,缺原因状语,用 why。which 指物,who 指人,where 表地点,均排除。
答案 C:先行词 the people and places 既有人又有物,根据规则,此时只能用 that。which 只指物,who 只指人,where 表状语,均排除。
答案 A:考查"介词 + 关系词"结构,take photos with the camera 是固定搭配,指物用 which,故用 with which。
答案 A:先行词 Those 指人,根据规则,先行词是 those 指人时只能用 who,不能用 that。which 指物,whose 表所属,whom 作宾语,均排除。
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