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2026年中考英语语法专题复习：现在&过去推测终极辨析及强化训练
一、核心语法终极辨析（基础巩固）
（一）现在推测：must be vs can't be
相同点：均为有明确依据、把握性极强的逻辑推论，仅适用于当前状态、现在事实。
不同点：
1.must be（肯定推测）：译为 “一定是、肯定是”，100% 确定当前事实。
例：The light is on. She must be at home.（灯亮着，她肯定在家。）
2.can't be（否定推测）：must be 的唯一否定形式，译为 “不可能是、一定不是”，100% 否定当前事实（禁止用 mustn't 表推测，mustn't 表 “禁止”）。
例：He's in Guangzhou now. He can't be in Shenzhen.（他现在在广州，不可能在深圳。）
（二）过去推测：must have been vs can't have been
相同点：均为基于过去线索、把握性极强的推论，针对过去状态、已发生事实。
不同点：
1.must have been（肯定推测）：译为 “当时一定是、过去肯定”，确定过去某状态 / 动作真实发生。
例：The ground is wet. It must have been raining last night.（地面湿滑，昨晚肯定下过雨。）
2.can't have been（否定推测）：must have been 的唯一否定形式，译为 “当时不可能是、过去一定没”，确定过去某状态 / 动作未发生。
例：She got full marks. She can't have been careless in the exam.（她得了满分，考试时肯定没粗心。）
用法速记表（中考必背）
结构 推测时间 含义 关键标志
must be 现在 一定是 now、today、look、listen、当前状态
can't be 现在 不可能是 now、at present、当前事实
must have been 过去 当时一定是 last night、yesterday、just now、过去线索
can't have been 过去 当时不可能是 last week、then、at that time、过去反证
二、2025 年全国中考真题精选（分层强化训练）
第一部分：基础过关题（难度系数：★★☆☆☆ 适配基础薄弱学生）
题型：单项选择（must be /can't be 专项）
1.（2025 云南昆明 中考真题）Look! The girl has long hair. It ______ be your sister.
A. must B. can C. need D. have to
答案：A解析：外貌特征明确，肯定当前推测用must be（省略 be，后接名词）。
2.（2025 黑龙江绥化 中考真题）He ______ know the secret. I haven't told anyone about it.
can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
答案：A解析：未告知任何人，否定当前推测用can't（=can't be）。
3.（2025 山东济南 中考真题）The baby is sleeping quietly. He ______ very tired.
must be B. can be C. may be D. could be
答案：A解析：安静熟睡为依据，肯定当前状态用must be。
4.（2025 四川成都 中考真题）—Is that Mr. Li over there
—It ______ be him. He has gone to Beijing for a meeting.
must B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't
答案：B解析：已去北京，否定当前人物推测用can't be（省略 be）。
5.（2025 广东广州 中考真题）These glasses ______ hers. She never wears glasses.
must be B. can't be C. may be D. could be
答案：B解析：从不戴眼镜为反证，否定当前物品归属用can't be。
6.（2025 江苏南京 中考真题）—Where's my pen I can't find it.—It ______ in your schoolbag. You always put it there.
must be B. can be C. might be D. should be
答案：A解析：日常习惯为依据，肯定当前位置用must be。
第二部分：能力提升题（难度系数：★★★☆☆，适合中等生 ）
题型：单项选择（混合现在 / 过去推测，must have been /can't have been 专项）
1.（2025 浙江杭州 中考真题）I saw him in the library just now. He ______ here now.
must be B. can't be C. must have been D. can't have been
答案：B解析：刚才在图书馆→现在不可能在这，现在否定推测 can't be。
2.（2025 重庆 A 卷 中考真题）The road is full of water. It ______ heavily last night.
must rain B. can't rain C. must have rained D. can't have rained
答案：C解析：昨晚积水为线索，过去肯定推测 must have been raining（此处用 rained）。
3.（2025 湖北武汉 中考真题）She passed the test easily. She ______ hard for it.
must study B. can't study
C. must have studied D. can't have studied
答案：C解析：轻松通过考试应该是过去努力备考的结果，属于对过去的肯定推测（must have done），正确答案应为选项C。
4.（2025 湖南长沙 中考真题）—Why didn't you answer my call at 8 o'clock —I ______ busy then. I was having a meeting. A. must be B. can't be C. must have been D. can't have been
答案：C解析：当时在开会，过去肯定状态 must have been。
5.（2025 福建福州 中考真题）He left home early this morning. He ______ late for school.
must be B. can't be C. must have been D. can't have been答案：B解析：今早早出门→现在不可能迟到，现在否定推测 can't be。
6.（2025 陕西西安 中考真题）The door was locked. The thief ______ a key.
A. must have B. can't have C. must have had D. can't have had答案：C解析：门锁完好→过去肯定有钥匙，过去肯定推测 must have been having（此处用 had）。
7.（2025 河南郑州 中考真题）She knows nothing about the story. She ______ it before.
A. must read B. can't read C. must have read D. can't have read答案：D解析：一无所知→过去未读过，过去否定推测 can't have been reading（此处用 read）。
8.（2025 辽宁沈阳 中考真题）—The light in his room is still on.—He ______ working now.
A. must be B. can't be C. must have been D. can't have been
答案：A解析：灯亮为当前依据，现在肯定状态 must be。
第三部分：中考冲刺题（难度系数：★★★★☆ 适配优生拔高）
题型：单项选择（综合辨析 + 易混陷阱）
1.（2025 上海 中考真题）—Is that your deskmate Linda playing the piano —It ______ be her. She is in the hospital now.
must B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't
答案：B解析：住院为反证，现在否定推测 can't be（陷阱：mustn't 表禁止，不表推测）。
2.（2025 北京 中考真题）He didn't come to school yesterday. He ______ ill.
A. must be B. can't be C. must have been D. can't have been答案：C解析：昨天未到校，过去肯定状态 must have been。
3.（2025 江苏苏州 中考真题）The book is on your desk. You ______ it just now.
must put B. can't put C. must have put D. can't have put
答案：C解析：书在桌上→刚才肯定放了，过去肯定动作 must have been putting（此处用 put）。
4.（2025 广东深圳 中考真题）She speaks English perfectly. She ______ abroad before.
A. must be B. can't be C. must have been D. can't have been答案：C解析：英语流利→过去肯定在国外，过去肯定状态 must have been。
5.（2025 天津 中考真题）He failed the exam. He ______ careful enough.
A. must be B. can't be C. must have been D. can't have been答案：D解析：考试不及格→过去肯定不够细心，过去否定状态 can't have been。
6.（2025 四川绵阳 中考真题）—I met your father in the supermarket this morning.—It ______ him. He went to Shanghai yesterday.
A. must be B. can't be C. must have been D. can't have been答案：B解析：昨天去上海→今早不可能遇见，现在否定推测 can't be。
第四部分：语法填空专项（★★★☆☆ 5 题，适配中考新题型）
1.（2025 广西南宁 中考真题）You look so sleepy. You ____________ (must be) tired.
答案：must be解析：当前困倦状态，肯定现在推测。
2.（2025 江西南昌 中考真题）He has gone to Hainan. He ____________ (can't be) at home now.
答案：can't be解析：已去海南，否定现在推测。
3.（2025 安徽合肥 中考真题）The ground was wet. It ____________ (must have been) raining.
答案：must have been解析：过去地面湿滑，肯定过去推测。
（2025 甘肃兰州 中考真题）She got a poor grade. She ____________ (can't have been) hard-working.
答案：can't have been解析：成绩差，否定过去状态推测。
5.（2025 内蒙古呼和浩特 中考真题）The window is open. Someone ____________ ( open) it .
答案：must have opened解析：窗户开着，肯定过去被打开过。
三、参考答案汇总
基础过关题
1.A 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. A
能力提升题
1.B 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A
中考冲刺题
1.B 2. C 3. C 4 C 5. D 6. B
语法填空专项
1.must be 2. can't be 3. must have been 4. can't have been 5. must have opened
四、中考避坑指南
否定推测唯一形式：现在否定→can't be；过去否定→can't have been；绝对不用 mustn't 表推测（mustn't = 禁止）。
时间标志是关键：看到 now/at present→现在推测；看到 last night/yesterday/then→过去推测。
结构完整性：must be/can't be 后接形容词 / 名词；must have been/can't have been 后接形容词 / 分词 / 名词。
真题高频陷阱：混淆 must（推测）与 mustn't（禁止）；混淆现在 / 过去时间标志；漏写 have been 直接用过去式。
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