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语篇填空考点押题之环境污染篇
A
The World Health Organization(WHO) has 1 (official) announced a shocking finding about the air we breathe. It has found that almost everyone on Earth breathes unhealthy air. The WHO made 2 (it) air quality update ahead of World Health Day on April 7. The update reported that 99 percent of the world's population breathes air 3 goes beyond WHO air quality limits. It looked at data from over 6000 cities in 117 nations. People 4 (live) in lower-and middle-income nations breathe the poorest-quality air. Millions of people die in these countries because of pollution-related diseases. The WHO said: “After surviving a pandemic, it is unacceptable to still have 7 million preventable deaths owing 5 air pollution.”
The WHO said its report highlighted the need to move away from fossil fuels. It asked governments to do more 6 (reduce) levels of air pollution. It said: “Current energy concerns highlight the importance of speeding up the transition to cleaner and 7 (healthy) energy systems.” It added that high gas prices, energy 8 (secure), the dangers of air pollution and climate change mean the world must be less dependent on fossil fuels. The WHO report 9 (involve) many recommendations for change. One of these is 10 use of clean energy for cooking, heating and lighting. Another is to “build safe and affordable public transport systems and pedestrian-and cycle-friendly networks”.
B
Air pollution is a severe issue that poses significant threats to human health and the environment. It is primarily caused by the release of harmful 11 (substance) into the atmosphere.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution is responsible 12 millions of deaths each year. The WHO has set guidelines for air quality, 13 (stress) the importance of reducing harmful matter to protect public health. Dr. Maria Neira, the Director of the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health at the WHO, said, “Air pollution is a major environmental risk to health, and we need to act now 14 (reduce) emissions and protect people’s health.”
Morcover, air pollution also has a negative impact on the environment. It can lead to acid rain, 15 damages soil, water sources and vegetation. It also leads to climate change by increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has highlighted that reducing air pollution is not only 16 (benefit) to health but also crucial for easing climate change.
To tackle air pollution, a 17 (combine) of measures is necessary. Governments should enforce stricter emission standards for industries and vehicles. So far, the European Union 18 (carry) out some regulations to limit vehicle emissions and promote cleaner fuels. 19 (additional), individuals can play a part by using public transportation and reducing unnecessary energy consumption. The researchers from University of Oxford have noted that promoting active transportation such as walking and cycling can have multiple benefits, including reducing air pollution, improving cardiovascular health 20 enhancing overall well-being.
C
A dropped bag of chips disturbed a cave ecosystem in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. This cave is almost cut off from the outside world, so 21 (introduce) anything foreign can be harmful. “Things in the damp cave get wet quickly,” says park guide Ashley. The snack attracts tiny organisms, causing unwanted growth. Soon, small animals 22 crickets and spiders came to eat, spreading the pollution. Rangers found the bag within hours. “But that can be all it takes,”says Ashley. “I’m sure some crickets got a bit of the snack.”
Over 500 million people visit American public lands each year, creating many chances 23 (harm) wild places. “When you look at the numbers, it’s incredible,” says Watts, head of the Leave No Trace Center in Colorado, 24 organization aimed at minimizing human impact on nature.
Food waste takes a long time to break down, especially in certain areas. “It takes much longer for an apple core to rot in a desert than in a forest,” says Blye, a teacher at the University of Utah. Leaving waste 25 (introduce) animals to an unnatural diet and changes their behavior with sometimes disastrous results. Bears 26 taste garbage and become a threat to humans may have to be put down. “Bears can get used to unnatural food in three weeks,” says Watts. “Everyone loses in this case.”
Biological waste is also 27 (problem). Dog waste brings new bacteria into the ecosystem and scares away deer. Meanwhile, human waste and toilet paper introduces dangerous bacteria into water sources.
In national parks, trails (小路) 28 (design) to avoid sensitive areas. Stepping off the trail, even for a quick photo, can scare wildlife away. Impacts from many visitors result in long-term damage 29 nature and wildlife. But people don’t think of that when they see the perfect photo opportunity. “It’s just such a hard thing to resist,” says Blye. The risk to sensitive ecosystems isn’t obvious. “It’s easy to think, oh, there’s wildflowers over there. I shouldn’t step on that,” says Blye, but these tiny ecosystems full of microscopic organisms essential to desert life provide many benefits, including 30 (reduce) the risk of erosion (侵蚀) and helping absorb rainfall, and can take hundreds of years to return to its original state.
D
Air pollution is a major issue in Europe, with many cities and areas beyond the European Union’s air quality standards. The sources of air pollution in Europe are diverse, including transportation, industry, agriculture, and housing heating. Air pollution has significant health effects, including people’s having difficulty 31 (breathe) and heart diseases, and is estimated 32 (cause) hundreds of thousands of early deaths each year in Europe. To address this issue, the European Union has applied a range of measures to reduce air pollution levels, including guidelines on releases from vehicles and 33 (industry) sources, and support for renewable energy and energy 34 (efficient) . However, more needs to be done to ensure that air pollution levels are reduced 35 safe levels across Europe.
Cars, trucks, and other vehicles produce pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (一氧化二氮) and carbon monoxide (一氧化碳), 36 can have serious health effects. In response, the European Union has made strict giving-out standards for vehicles. 37 , there is still a long way to go to achieve safe air quality levels in many cities.
Factories give off pollutants with serious health effects. The European Union has applied 38 (rule) on productions, and has also supported the development of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. So far, these measures 39 (help) to reduce pollution levels, but more needs to be done to ensure that industry operates in an 40 (environmental) friendly manner.
E
The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced a shocking finding about the air we breathe. It has found that almost everyone on Earth breathes unhealthy air. The WHO made 41 (it) air quality update ahead of World Health Day on April 7. The update reported that 99 percent of the world’s population breathes air 42 goes beyond WHO air quality limits. It looked at data from over 6000 cities in 117 nations. People 43 (live) in lower-and middle-income nations breathe the poorest-quality air. Millions of people die in these 44 (country)because of pollution-related diseases. The WHO said: “After surviving a pandemic, it is unacceptable to still have 7 million preventable deaths owing 45 air pollution.”
The WHO said its report highlighted the need to move away from fossil fuels. It asked governments to do more 46 (reduce) levels of air pollution. It said: “Current energy concerns highlight the importance of speeding up the transition to cleaner and 47 (healthy) energy systems.” It added that high gas prices, energy 48 (secure), the dangers of air pollution and climate change mean the world must be less dependent on fossil fuels. The WHO report 49 (involve) many recommendations for change. One of these is 50 use of clean energy for cooking, heating and lighting. Another is to “build safe and affordable public transport systems and pedestrian-and cycle-friendly networks”.
F
At the end of 2023, world leaders met in Dubai to discuss the world’s worsening climate. Right now, summers are getting hotter, winters colder and the polar ice 51 (melt) at an alarming rate. Extreme weather events and natural disasters frequently occur. With greenhouse gases 52 (continue) to rise in the atmosphere and concentrations of carbon dioxide at their 53 (high) in the past two million years, the climate time-bomb is ticking. Strict measures must be taken 54 (address) the problem.
It reminds me 55 the science-fiction stories I read when I was growing up about governments looking for solutions when natural resources were being over-extended. A look at such stories provides some approaches to 56 is acknowledged to be a very serious and worsening world-wide problem. We are using our resources at an alarming rate and in the process, pumping tons of greenhouse gases into an atmosphere 57 simply cannot absorb all without causing major effects. There’s a general agreement that urgent action 58 (need) to stop us from literally making our world 59 (fit) to live in. The answers, at least so far, concentrate on manipulating those resources and 60 ways in which we use them.
G
Ian Kiernan was taking part in a sailing race in 1987 when he noticed an alarming amount of garbage (垃圾) in the oceans. It upset him, so when he returned to Australia, he organized 61 cleanup event called Clean Up Sydney Harbour in 1989. 62 (amazing), over 40,000 people volunteered to help. This success 63 (lead) to the establishment of Clean Up Australia Day in 1990, with 300,000 participants. In 1993, Ian launched (发起) Clean Up the World to support 64 (community) around the world in’ cleaning up and conserving the environment. Today, Clean Up Australia Day welcomes more than half a million volunteers, 65 help to clear thousands of tonnes of garbage from beaches, parks and waterways.
But Ian also worries 66 electronic waste, or e-waste, which is building up fast and can harm the environment. Some studies say e-waste makes up 70% of landfills (废弃物填埋场). 67 (deal) with e-waste, Kiernan started a program called Clean Up Mobile Phones to collect 68 (use) cell phones for reuse and recycling.
Ian saw a problem and took action. His work shows that even one person can make a big 69 (different) by caring for the earth and 70 (encourage) others to do the same.
H
With the world’s population 71 (grow), the only way to reduce the enormous greenhouse gas emissions(排放)from farming is to make food production ever more efficient. 72 (unfortunate), efficiency gains have stalled(停滞)since 2010, meaning farming emissions and deforestation could rise sharply as demand for food continues to grow.
“Lin Ma at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shijiazhuang and his colleagues 73 analysed existing data to estimate greenhouse gas emissions per unit of protein produced between 1961 and 2019 reached this 74 (conclude). They chose protein rather than calories because it is a 75 (good) measure of food quality, says Ma.
Between 1961 and around 2010, emissions per unit of protein 76 (fall)by two-thirds, the team found. But since then, there have been no further improvements and there are even some signs of 77 increase. Farming is responsible 78 around a third of all greenhouse gas emissions and demand for food is projected to rise by up to 50 per cent by 2050. If the climate efficiency of farming is no longer improving, this means that emissions from farming will rise by 50 per cent too, the researchers warn.
What’s more, 79 the efficiency of farming isn’t improving, the only way to increase production is to clear more land for farms, they say, 80 (lead)to yet more deforestation and loss of biodiversity.
I
The issue of environmental protection has become increasingly important in recent years. With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, our planet is facing serious threats from various sources. 81 (protect) the environment is not only a responsibility for governments and organizations, but also for every individual.
Firstly, air pollution is a major concern. Factories and vehicles emit harmful gases into the atmosphere, 82 (cause) serious health problems for people. To address this issue, governments have introduced stricter regulations on emissions and encouraged the use of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power.
Secondly, water pollution is another serious problem. With the increase in population and industrial activities, large amounts of waste water are being discharged into rivers, lakes and oceans. This not only affects the quality of drinking water but also 83 (destroy) marine life. Therefore, effective waste water treatment facilities are 84 (urgent) needed.
Moreover, deforestation has led to a significant loss of biodiversity. Trees are cut down for timber and agricultural land, 85 (result) in the destruction of natural habitats for many species. To conserve our forests, we need to adopt sustainable forest management practices and promote reforestation projects.
In addition, climate change is a global challenge that requires international cooperation. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions has led to rising temperatures and extreme weather events. To mitigate its impacts, countries around the world are working together to reduce emissions and develop 86 (adapt) strategies for climate resilience.
In conclusion, environmental protection is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires the combined efforts of everyone. By adopting eco-friendly practices, reducing waste, and supporting policies that promote sustainability, we can make a significant difference in 87 (preserve) our planet for future generations.
J
Air pollution in Delhi has become a big problem. According to the Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi often sees high pollution days, 88 can cause respiratory (呼吸的) illnesses, especially in children and the elderly. Schools sometimes have to close on these days.
Rohan Variankaval, a young Indian-American teenager, is trying to make a difference. During one of his trips to Delhi in 2019, Variankaval 89 (experience) a heavy cloud of pollution. Watching schoolchildren facing health risks, and 90 (see) a lack of smart air quality monitors, he knew he had to take action. “Schools needed guidance, not numbers.”
91 (drive) by this realisation, Variankaval developed a solution: myAQI. Unlike 92 (tradition) monitors that simply provide AQI readings, myAQI goes a step further. It provides schools with clear recommendations based 93 real-time data. Instead of just knowing the pollution levels, 94 (user) can now receive actionable advice such as “Bring the students inside” or “Open the windows”. But what truly 95 (set) myAQI apart is its adaptability. His device offers customised recommendations for sensitive groups, ensuring an inclusive protection strategy for every student within the school’s walls.
Now, Variankaval has 96 (successful) distributed (分发) his device across ten schools in India, which include 97 total of over 16,000 students. In the future, he hopes to build on his work to make further improvements.
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参考答案
1．officially 2．its 3．which/that 4．living 5．to 6．to reduce 7．healthier/more healthy 8．security 9．involves 10．the
11．substances 12．for 13．stressing 14．to reduce 15．which 16．beneficial 17．combination 18．has carried 19．Additionally 20．and
21．introducing 22．like 23．to harm 24．an 25．introduces 26．who 27．problematic 28．are designed 29．to 30．reducing
31．breathing 32．to cause 33．industrial 34．efficiency 35．to 36．which 37．However 38．rules 39．have helped 40．environmentally
41．its 42．which/that 43．living 44．countries 45．to 46．to reduce 47．healthier/more healthy 48．security 49．involves 50．the
51．is melting 52．continuing 53．height 54．to address 55．of 56．what 57．which 58．is needed 59．unfit 60．the
61．a 62．Amazingly 63．led 64．communities 65．who 66．about 67．To deal 68．used 69．difference 70．encouraging
71．growing 72．Unfortunately 73．who/that 74．conclusion 75．better 76．fell 77．an 78．for 79．if 80．leading
81．Protecting 82．causing 83．destroys 84．urgently 85．resulting 86．adaptive 87．preserving
88．which 89．experienced 90．seeing 91．Driven 92．traditional 93．on 94．users 95．sets 96．successfully 97．a
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