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【高考真题】2024年北京卷英语真题
一、阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
（2024·北京） I'd just arrived at school, ready for another school day. I was reading a book in the classroom when there was an 1． . "Today at 1: 10 there will be auditions (面试) for a musical." My friends all jumped up in excitement and asked me, "Will you be going, Amy " "Sure," I said. I had no 2． in drama, but I'd try out because my friends were doing it.
At 1:10, there was a 3． outside the drama room. Everyone looked energetic. I hadn't expected I'd be standing there that morning. But now that I was doing it, I 4． felt nervous. What if I wasn't any good
I entered the room and the teachers made me say some lines from the musical. They then 5． my singing skills and asked what role I wanted to play. The teachers were smiling and praising me. I felt like I had a 6． , so I said, "A big role." They said they'd look into it. I started getting really nervous. What if I didn't get a main role
Soon, the cast list was 7． . My friends checked and came back shouting, "Amy, you got the main role! " Sure enough, my name was at the top. I just stared at it and started to 8． . I was so happy.
After two months we were all prepared and ready to go on stage. It was fun. And when people started 9． , that gave me a boost of confidence. It stayed with me and made me feel 10． . I realised that by trying something new, I can have fun — even if it means stepping out of my comfort zone.
1．A．assignment B．initiative C．announcement D．interview
2．A．hesitancy B．interest C．worry D．regret
3．A．game B．show C．play D．line
4．A．suddenly B．continuously C．originally D．generally
5．A．advertised B．tested C．challenged D．polished
6．A．demand B．credit C．dream D．chance
7．A．traded B．posted C．questioned D．claimed
8．A．well up B．roll in C．stand out D．go off
9．A．whispering B．arguing C．clapping D．stretching
10．A．funnier B．fairer C．cleverer D．braver
【答案】1．C；2．B；3．D；4．A；5．B；6．D；7．B；8．A；9．C；10．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者参加音乐剧面试并获得主角的经历，传达了勇于尝试新事物、走出舒适区能带来乐趣与成长的道理。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．句意：我正在教室里看书，这时有一则公告。A：assignment" 任务 "；B：initiative"倡议"；C：announcement"公告"；D：interview" 面试 "。根据下文"Today at 1:10 there will be auditions for a musical."今天1点10分将有音乐剧的试镜。可推知，此处指作者正在教室里看书，这时作者听到有一则公告。故选C。
2．句意：我对戏剧没有兴趣，但是因为朋友们都在做，我也决定尝试一下。A：hesitancy"犹豫"；B：interest"兴趣"；C：worry"担心"；D：regret " 懊悔 "。根据空后"but I'd try out because my friends were doing it"可推知，此处指作者虽然对戏剧没有兴趣，但因为朋友们都在做，所以作者也决定尝试一下。故选B。
3．句意：在1:10的时候，戏剧室外面排起了队。A：game"游戏"；B：show"展览"；C：play"游戏"；D：line " 队伍 "。根据下文"Everyone looked energetic. I hadn't expected I'd be standing there that morning."每个人看起来都精力充沛。我没想到那天早上我会站在那里。可知，此处指戏剧室外面排起了队。故选D。
4．句意：但是现在我正在排队的时候，我突然感到紧张。A：suddenly"突然"；B：continuously"连续不断地"；C：originally"起初"；D：generally" 通常 "。根据空前"But now that I was doing it,"；以及下文"What if I wasn't any good " 如果我不好怎么办？ 可推知，此处指作者在排队的过程中突然感到紧张。故选A。
5．句意：然后他们测试了我的唱歌技巧，问我想要演什么角色。A：advertised"为……做广告"；B：tested"测验"；C：challenged"挑战"；D：polished" 润色 "。根据上文"I entered the room and the teachers made me say some lines from the musical."以及下文"The teachers were smiling and praising me."我走进教室，老师让我说出音乐剧中的几句台词。可推知，此处指作者进入戏剧室后，老师们让作者说几句音乐剧中的台词，测试作者的唱歌技巧，并对作者的表现很满意。故选B。
6．句意：我感觉我有机会，所以我说"一个重要的角色"。A：demand"需求"；B：credit"信用"；C：dream"梦想"；D：chance " 机会 "。根据上文"The teachers were smiling and praising me."老师们微笑着赞美我。可知，作者得到老师的表扬，所以此处指作者觉得自己有机会扮演音乐剧主角。故选D。
7．句意：不久演员表就被张贴了出来。A：traded"交易"；B：posted"张贴"；C：questioned"询问"；D：claimed " 宣称 "。根据下文"My friends checked and came back shouting,‘Amy, you got the main role!'Sure enough, my name was at the top."我的朋友们检查了一下，然后喊道："Amy，你演主角了！"果然，我的名字在上面。可推知，此处指很快演员表就被张贴了出来，作者在名单最上边。故选B。
8．句意：我只是盯着它，然后情绪开始迸发。A：well up" (情绪)迸发"；B：roll in"(金钱等)大量涌进"；C：stand out"脱颖而出"；D：go off" 爆炸 "。根据下文"I was so happy"我太高兴了。可推知，此处指作者盯着演员表看，然后情绪开始迸发，感觉很开心。故选A。
9．句意：然后人们开始鼓掌，这给了我信心。A：whispering"耳语"；B：arguing"争吵"；C：clapping"鼓掌"；D：stretching " 伸展 "。根据空后"that gave me a boost of confidence"以及常识可推知，此处指人们的掌声增强了作者的信心。故选C。
10．句意：它一直伴随着我，让我感到更勇敢。A：funnier"更有趣的"；B：fairer"更公平的"；C：cleverer"更聪明的"；D：braver " 更勇敢的 "。根据上文" And when people started 9 , that gave me a boost of confidence."然后人们开始鼓掌，这给了我信心；以及下文"I realised that by trying something new, I can have fun — even if it means stepping out of my comfort zone."我意识到，通过尝试新事物，我可以获得乐趣——即使这意味着走出我的舒适区。可推知，人们的掌声给了作者信心，这使得作者感觉更勇敢，可以走出舒适区，通过尝试新事物获得乐趣。故选D。
二、A
（2024·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time 　11． 　 (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of 　12． 　 (self-aware). When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 　13． 　 (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear 　14． 　 (boundary) in our personal and professional life.
【答案】11．to rest；12．self-awareness；13．gives；14．boundaries
【知识点】说明文；科普类；boundary；to
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了放慢节奏对个人成长有显著帮助，它能让我们更深入地了解自己，反思思想和情绪，从而做出正确选择，为此我们需要在个人生活和职业生活中设定明确的界限。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，名词，时态，主谓一致，名词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
11．句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。 rest "花费"，动词。结合固定短语take (the) time to do sth."花时间做某事"，所以此处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。
12．句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。 self-aware "自知的"，形容词。此处作介词of的宾语，应用其名词self-awareness"自我意识"。sense of self-awareness固定短语，"自我意识"。故填self-awareness。
13．句意：当我们放慢脚步时，我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪，这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域，并给我们做出正确选择的机会。 give "给"，此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语动词，根据helps可知，从句使用一般现在时，which指代前边的整个句子，所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives，gives与helps并列，作并列谓语。故填gives。
14．句意：为了实践这一点，我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。 boundary"边界，界限" ，可数名词根据空后in our personal and professional life可知，此处应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。
三、B
（2024·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 　15． 　 (name) the world's oldest living man. And when 　16． 　 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood, 　17． 　 doesn't smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. "If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you're going to suffer eventually," he said.
【答案】15．was named；16．asked；17．who
【知识点】说明文；日常生活类；ask；who
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2024年4月5日，John Tinniswood被命名为世界上在世最长寿的男性，他将自己的长寿归因于适度原则，认为过度饮食或行为最终会导致不良后果。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态语态，省略，定语从句等知识点的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
15．句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。 name "命名"，谓语动词。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；且与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。
16．句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。结合语意， ask "问"，动词。when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be asked，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，则从句中的"主语+be动词"可以省略。故填asked。
17．句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。 doesn't smoke and rarely drinks 是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导，故填who。
四、C
（2024·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought 　18． 　 myself, "Why would he carry all his books " Just then, some kids ran at him, 　19． 　(knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I 　20． 　(jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, "Thanks!"
【答案】18．to；19．knocking；20．jogged
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文；jog；knock；to
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者看到一个男孩抱着一堆书走在街上，被其他孩子撞到书散落一地，作者心生同情并跑过去帮忙捡起眼镜，男孩对作者表示感谢，展现了人与人之间的善意与互助。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及介词，非谓语动词，时态等知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
18．句意：我心想，"他为什么要把所有的书都拿着？"think to oneself固定短语，"心想，暗想"，故填to。
19．句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。 knock "撞"，动词，句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。
20．句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。 jog "慢跑"，动词。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。
五、A
（2024·北京）The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective. Students who successfully complete the programme will receive one credit each.
Requirements for completion:
One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term
18 weekly one-hour pair meetings
Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings
At least three pair-teacher meetings
One five-minute final video
Sign up!
The sign-up and registration process is as follows:
Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning.
Based on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified.
Proficiency (熟练) levels are confirmed through coursework or placement tests.
Once a pair has been determined to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme.
Reminders:
Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and participate. Pairs are matched by languages of interest and proficiency levels. Since there are many factors involved in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme.
21．In the programme, students will _________.
A．chair daily meetings B．evaluate the exchange
C．meet teachers each week D．practise their language skills
22．To complete the programme, students are required to _________.
A．development tests B．participate in pair meetings
C．welcome new students D．work on weekly videos
23．What do students need to do during the registration
A．Indicate their languages of interest.
B．Select their own coursework.
C．Make individual contact.
D．Choose their partners.
【答案】21．D
22．B
23．A
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了语言交换项目（The Language Exchange Programme）的相关信息，包括项目内容、完成要求、报名注册流程以及相关提醒，旨在让学生了解如何参与该项目以及参与所需满足的条件。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed."语言交流项目让学生们两人一组，每周用他们希望分享和学习的两种不同的语言进行交流。学生们在每次搭档会议后记录简短的条目，指出所练习的语言技能和讨论的主题。可知，在这个项目中，学生们将练习他们的语言技能。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据Requirements for completion部分中的"18 weekly one-hour pair meetings"每周18次一小时的配对会议。可知，为了完成该项目，学生们被要求参加配对会议。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据Sign up部分中的"Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning."学生们报名参加并表明他们可以分享的语言以及他们有兴趣学习的语言。可知，学生们在注册期间需要表明他们感兴趣的语言。故选A。
六、B
（2024·北京） When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns.
In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I'd been over-confident. Now I'd been declared talentless.
But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn't let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn't allowed to practice.
One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I'd lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints.
Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going.
Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments.
24．How did the author feel about the result of the art exam
A．Scared. B．Worried. C．Discouraged. D．Wronged.
25．In her 30s, the author _________.
A．avoided oil painting practice B．sought for a painting career
C．fancied abstract painting D．exhibited child paintings
26．Which word would best describe the author's dream
A．Confusing. B．Empowering. C．Disturbing. D．Entertaining.
27．What can we learn from this passage
A．Actions speak louder than words.
B．Hard work is the mother of success.
C．Dreams are the reflections of realities.
D．Creative activities involve being confident.
【答案】24．C
25．A
26．B
27．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者自幼喜爱绘画，中学时因油画考试失利而认为自己没有天赋，此后虽继续写作、看展和随意涂画，但将油画视为禁忌不敢尝试，直到四十多岁受梦境激励开始作画，最终发现自己更喜欢粉笔和墨水，意识到成为成功画家需要坚定，而那个梦让自己明白恐惧和欲望能促使自己去冒险和尝试 。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
24．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I'd been over-confident. Now I'd been declared talentless."我觉得很难，但仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过，而且成绩很低。我过于自信了。现在，我被宣布为毫无(油画)天赋的人了；并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的经历，可推知，作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art."在我30多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法；以及"Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn't allowed to practice. "虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习。可知，作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段中的"The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I'd lost. "这个梦给我的感觉是如此的权威，它震撼了我。它是能量的一种形式，让我回我失去了的东西，可知，作者的梦赋予作者练习油画的力量。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据第六段中的"Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. "成为一名成功的画家需要有决心。我意识到我总是害怕想要得太多；以及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。可推知，我们能从文章中学到创作活动需要自信，故选D。
七、C
（2024·北京）The notion that we live in someone else's video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term "simulation hypothesis" (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it's true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.
The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.
So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from "Is the universe a computer simulation " to "Can we model the universe as a computer simulation " Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton's era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein's, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics.
Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become.
It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the "computer simulation" metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.
28．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis
A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument.
C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison.
29．What does the phrase "contingent on" underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by.
30．As for Kant's argument, the author is _________.
A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving
31．It is implied in this passage that we should _________.
A．compare the current models with the previous ones
B．continue exploring the classical models in history
C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation
D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up.
【答案】28．C
29．B
30．A
31．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；科普类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，"模拟假说"虽无法证实宇宙是否为计算机模拟，但可借此推动科学认知；通过接受宇宙不可知，将研究转向能否将宇宙建模为计算机模拟，指出建模是理解世界的手段，不同时代有不同模型，新信息时代概念启发新宇宙模型，虽模型非现实，但作为工具能助力探索未知，且基于"计算机模拟"隐喻的建模也将极具价值 。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段中的"Searching the term ‘simulation hypothesis' (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation —— a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it's true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge."搜索"模拟假说"这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识。可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C。
29．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的"If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box."如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语。可知，此处that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推知划线短语 contingent on 表示"取决于"，故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. "18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用；以及第三段中的"So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation."因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中。可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，可推知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据第四段中的"There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. "争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力；以及第五段"It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the‘computer simulation' metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise."可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于"计算机模拟"隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作。可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C。
八、D
（2024·北京）Franz Boas's description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.
The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.
The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.
Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.
32．What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit's moral code
A．Living conditions were the drive. B．Unwritten rules were the target.
C．Social tradition was the basis. D．Honesty was the key.
33．What can we learn from this passage
A．Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies.
B．Basic human needs lead to universal norms.
C．Language capacity is limited by self-control.
D．Written laws have great influence on virtues.
34．Which would be the best title for this passage
A．Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B．The Values of Self-discipline
C．Brains: Walls Against Chaos D．The Roots of Morality
【答案】32．A
33．B
34．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在于探讨人类道德规范的起源与普遍性，指出尽管不同文化间道德规范的具体表现形式和重视程度可能有所不同，但诸如反对残忍与欺骗、倡导合作与谦逊等核心道德价值在人类社会中普遍存在。这些规范根植于人类基本需求的相似性以及学习和解决问题的共同机制，并通过社会本能和奖励系统内化于个体行为之中，同时，语言能力的发展进一步促进了社会规范的复杂化和精细化。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段中的"With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense"由于加拿大北部恶劣的生存环境要求很高，因纽特人实用的道德方式很有意义。这表明生存环境（生活条件）是推动他们道德准则形成的因素，故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving."这些普遍规范远远早于任何道德化宗教或成文法律的概念。相反，它们植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制)。可知，普遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制，即人类的基本需求导致普遍的道德规范形成。故选B。
34．标题归纳题。根据第一段中的"Franz Boas's description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans." Franz Boas 对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则；以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中，所以"道德的起源"适合作为文章标题。故选D。
九、根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·北京）If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things.
Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. 　35． 　 And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the "hedgehog concept" is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. 　36． 　 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.
　37． 　 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.
The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. 　38． 　 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don't know.
So, which is better The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. 　39． 　 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog.
A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each.
B. They are more likely to remember people's mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence.
D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.
E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others' reactions and inputs.
F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don't treat it as exceptional.
G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position.
【答案】35．G；36．C；37．D；38．F；39．A
【知识点】说明文；七选五；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了"刺猬型"与"狐狸型"思维模式哪种更具可信性及优势，指出刺猬型思维聚焦一事且做得精，在公司发展等方面有其意义，但预测时错误率更高且不认错；狐狸型思维则善于从多渠道获取新信息，能接纳不确定性，对自身知识有清晰认知；最终表明刺猬型与狐狸型并非非此即彼的选择，最有效的方式是成为兼具两者特质的"狐狸型刺猬"。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科普类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
35．根据空前"Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes."拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案。可知，拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案， G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. "他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场"说明拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人往往有明确的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
36．根据空前"They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at."他们专注于一件事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么。可知，拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence."因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信"进一步说明拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
37．根据空后"He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions."他发现，拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人不仅比拥有"狐狸"型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了。可知，此处介绍拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人的缺点。 D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. "但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面" 引出下文，介绍拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人具备缺点，符合语境。故选D。
38．根据空前"The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ""狐狸"型思维方式的人的优势在于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适；以及空后"They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking."他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外。可知，此处介绍拥有"狐狸"型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don't treat it as exceptional."当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外"承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
39．根据空前"The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. "这个问题可以用"像狐狸的刺猬"风格来回答；以及空后"The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off."成为拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人还是拥有"狐狸"型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡。可知，拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人和拥有"狐狸"型思维方式的人各有优势。A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each."换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势"承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
十、第一节 (共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12 分)
（2024·北京）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve.
As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures.
During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence.
My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab.
My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist.
40．In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan
41．What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
→The adviser considered the author's experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced.
43．From this story, what can you learn about "independence" (In about 40 words)
【答案】40．The need to be recognized as an independent scientist.
41．The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training.
42．The adviser considered the author's experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced.
It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author's experience in the lab a groundbreaking success.
43．In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning than to seek help. (答案言之有理即可)
【知识点】细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者起初过度追求独立，在攻读研究生期间经历诸多失败，后来通过在合作实验室接受培训、寻求帮助，最终在学会适时求助的过程中踏上了成为独立科学家的道路，强调了寻求帮助对实现独立的重要性。
【点评】本题考查阅读表达，考点涉及细节理解和开放性试题两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而作出正确答案。
40．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. "当我开始设计实验时，我的委员会成员警告我，我将面临的挑战。但是我对独立的需求驱使我推进我的研究计划。可知，一开始，是作者对独立的需求驱使作者推进这个研究计划。故答案为：The need to be recognized as an independent scientist.
41．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. "我的导师和我想出了一个有点不同寻常的解决方案：我将在一个合作实验室里待上三个月，接受专门培训。可知，在反复的失败之后，导师和作者的解决方案是，作者将花三个月的时间在合作实验室接受专门培训。故答案为：The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training.
42．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data."我的导师认为这段经历是一次开创性的成功，强调了我获得的合作技能。几个月后，当我在家里的实验室里重复这个实验时，我得到了更多可发表的数据。可知，导师认为作者在实验室的经历是一次开创性的成功，这是因为作者通过与他人合作获得了合作技能，而不是因为产生了可发表的数据。故答案为：The adviser considered the author's experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced.
It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author's experience in the lab a groundbreaking success.
43．开放性问题。答案言之有理即可。通读全文可知，作者成为一名独立科学家的成功最终是通过合作、适应性学习和面对挫折的韧性来实现的。从这个故事中，我们了解到，虽然独立最初是理想化的，并被热情地追求，但真正的独立往往包括认识到合作的价值，并学会何时寻求帮助。故答案可为：In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning when to seek help.
十一、第二节 (20分)
44．（2024·北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim准备给其校报的Asia Today栏目投稿。得知今年新中国成立75周年，他打算重点介绍中国的发展成就，发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
(1)建议投稿内容；
(2)就以上建议简要说明理由。
注意：(1)词数100左右；
(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
It's great to hear you're planning to write about China's achievements on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the founding of this country. Here are a few suggestions for your article.
To begin with, talk about China's economic growth and technological advancements, which are the highlights in the past few decades. Then, projects like the Belt and Road Initiative make a good topic to discuss because it showcases China's determination to build a shared future with the world. In addition, you can also mention China's role in helping solving global issues such as the global warming, offering a more comprehensive view.
Looking forward to reading your article!
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文；政治经济类
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以红星中学高三学生的身份回复邮件。写作背景：外国好友Jim准备给其校报的Asia Today栏目投稿。得知今年新中国成立75周年，他打算重点介绍中国的发展成就， 发来邮件询问你的建议 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：(1)建议投稿内容；(2)就以上建议简要说明理由。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：It's great to hear you're planning to write about China's achievements on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the founding of this country.运用了it作形式主语，不定式作主语，宾语从句； Here are a few suggestions for your article.运用了倒装句；To begin with, talk about China's economic growth and technological advancements, which are the highlights in the past few decades.运用了祈使句，非限制性定语从句； Then, projects like the Belt and Road Initiative make a good topic to discuss because it showcases China's determination to build a shared future with the world.运用了原因状语从句； In addition, you can also mention China's role in helping solving global issues such as the global warming, offering a more comprehensive view.运用了现在分词作状语。
1 / 1【高考真题】2024年北京卷英语真题
一、阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
（2024·北京） I'd just arrived at school, ready for another school day. I was reading a book in the classroom when there was an 1． . "Today at 1: 10 there will be auditions (面试) for a musical." My friends all jumped up in excitement and asked me, "Will you be going, Amy " "Sure," I said. I had no 2． in drama, but I'd try out because my friends were doing it.
At 1:10, there was a 3． outside the drama room. Everyone looked energetic. I hadn't expected I'd be standing there that morning. But now that I was doing it, I 4． felt nervous. What if I wasn't any good
I entered the room and the teachers made me say some lines from the musical. They then 5． my singing skills and asked what role I wanted to play. The teachers were smiling and praising me. I felt like I had a 6． , so I said, "A big role." They said they'd look into it. I started getting really nervous. What if I didn't get a main role
Soon, the cast list was 7． . My friends checked and came back shouting, "Amy, you got the main role! " Sure enough, my name was at the top. I just stared at it and started to 8． . I was so happy.
After two months we were all prepared and ready to go on stage. It was fun. And when people started 9． , that gave me a boost of confidence. It stayed with me and made me feel 10． . I realised that by trying something new, I can have fun — even if it means stepping out of my comfort zone.
1．A．assignment B．initiative C．announcement D．interview
2．A．hesitancy B．interest C．worry D．regret
3．A．game B．show C．play D．line
4．A．suddenly B．continuously C．originally D．generally
5．A．advertised B．tested C．challenged D．polished
6．A．demand B．credit C．dream D．chance
7．A．traded B．posted C．questioned D．claimed
8．A．well up B．roll in C．stand out D．go off
9．A．whispering B．arguing C．clapping D．stretching
10．A．funnier B．fairer C．cleverer D．braver
二、A
（2024·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time 　11． 　 (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of 　12． 　 (self-aware). When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 　13． 　 (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear 　14． 　 (boundary) in our personal and professional life.
三、B
（2024·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 　15． 　 (name) the world's oldest living man. And when 　16． 　 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood, 　17． 　 doesn't smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. "If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you're going to suffer eventually," he said.
四、C
（2024·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought 　18． 　 myself, "Why would he carry all his books " Just then, some kids ran at him, 　19． 　(knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I 　20． 　(jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, "Thanks!"
五、A
（2024·北京）The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective. Students who successfully complete the programme will receive one credit each.
Requirements for completion:
One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term
18 weekly one-hour pair meetings
Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings
At least three pair-teacher meetings
One five-minute final video
Sign up!
The sign-up and registration process is as follows:
Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning.
Based on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified.
Proficiency (熟练) levels are confirmed through coursework or placement tests.
Once a pair has been determined to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme.
Reminders:
Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and participate. Pairs are matched by languages of interest and proficiency levels. Since there are many factors involved in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme.
21．In the programme, students will _________.
A．chair daily meetings B．evaluate the exchange
C．meet teachers each week D．practise their language skills
22．To complete the programme, students are required to _________.
A．development tests B．participate in pair meetings
C．welcome new students D．work on weekly videos
23．What do students need to do during the registration
A．Indicate their languages of interest.
B．Select their own coursework.
C．Make individual contact.
D．Choose their partners.
六、B
（2024·北京） When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns.
In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I'd been over-confident. Now I'd been declared talentless.
But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn't let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn't allowed to practice.
One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I'd lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints.
Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going.
Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments.
24．How did the author feel about the result of the art exam
A．Scared. B．Worried. C．Discouraged. D．Wronged.
25．In her 30s, the author _________.
A．avoided oil painting practice B．sought for a painting career
C．fancied abstract painting D．exhibited child paintings
26．Which word would best describe the author's dream
A．Confusing. B．Empowering. C．Disturbing. D．Entertaining.
27．What can we learn from this passage
A．Actions speak louder than words.
B．Hard work is the mother of success.
C．Dreams are the reflections of realities.
D．Creative activities involve being confident.
七、C
（2024·北京）The notion that we live in someone else's video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term "simulation hypothesis" (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it's true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.
The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.
So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from "Is the universe a computer simulation " to "Can we model the universe as a computer simulation " Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton's era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein's, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics.
Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become.
It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the "computer simulation" metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.
28．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis
A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument.
C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison.
29．What does the phrase "contingent on" underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by.
30．As for Kant's argument, the author is _________.
A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving
31．It is implied in this passage that we should _________.
A．compare the current models with the previous ones
B．continue exploring the classical models in history
C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation
D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up.
八、D
（2024·北京）Franz Boas's description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.
The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.
The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.
Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.
32．What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit's moral code
A．Living conditions were the drive. B．Unwritten rules were the target.
C．Social tradition was the basis. D．Honesty was the key.
33．What can we learn from this passage
A．Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies.
B．Basic human needs lead to universal norms.
C．Language capacity is limited by self-control.
D．Written laws have great influence on virtues.
34．Which would be the best title for this passage
A．Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B．The Values of Self-discipline
C．Brains: Walls Against Chaos D．The Roots of Morality
九、根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·北京）If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things.
Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. 　35． 　 And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the "hedgehog concept" is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. 　36． 　 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.
　37． 　 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.
The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. 　38． 　 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don't know.
So, which is better The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. 　39． 　 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog.
A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each.
B. They are more likely to remember people's mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence.
D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.
E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others' reactions and inputs.
F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don't treat it as exceptional.
G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position.
十、第一节 (共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12 分)
（2024·北京）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve.
As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures.
During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence.
My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab.
My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist.
40．In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan
41．What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
→The adviser considered the author's experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced.
43．From this story, what can you learn about "independence" (In about 40 words)
十一、第二节 (20分)
44．（2024·北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim准备给其校报的Asia Today栏目投稿。得知今年新中国成立75周年，他打算重点介绍中国的发展成就，发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
(1)建议投稿内容；
(2)就以上建议简要说明理由。
注意：(1)词数100左右；
(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
答案解析部分
【答案】1．C；2．B；3．D；4．A；5．B；6．D；7．B；8．A；9．C；10．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者参加音乐剧面试并获得主角的经历，传达了勇于尝试新事物、走出舒适区能带来乐趣与成长的道理。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．句意：我正在教室里看书，这时有一则公告。A：assignment" 任务 "；B：initiative"倡议"；C：announcement"公告"；D：interview" 面试 "。根据下文"Today at 1:10 there will be auditions for a musical."今天1点10分将有音乐剧的试镜。可推知，此处指作者正在教室里看书，这时作者听到有一则公告。故选C。
2．句意：我对戏剧没有兴趣，但是因为朋友们都在做，我也决定尝试一下。A：hesitancy"犹豫"；B：interest"兴趣"；C：worry"担心"；D：regret " 懊悔 "。根据空后"but I'd try out because my friends were doing it"可推知，此处指作者虽然对戏剧没有兴趣，但因为朋友们都在做，所以作者也决定尝试一下。故选B。
3．句意：在1:10的时候，戏剧室外面排起了队。A：game"游戏"；B：show"展览"；C：play"游戏"；D：line " 队伍 "。根据下文"Everyone looked energetic. I hadn't expected I'd be standing there that morning."每个人看起来都精力充沛。我没想到那天早上我会站在那里。可知，此处指戏剧室外面排起了队。故选D。
4．句意：但是现在我正在排队的时候，我突然感到紧张。A：suddenly"突然"；B：continuously"连续不断地"；C：originally"起初"；D：generally" 通常 "。根据空前"But now that I was doing it,"；以及下文"What if I wasn't any good " 如果我不好怎么办？ 可推知，此处指作者在排队的过程中突然感到紧张。故选A。
5．句意：然后他们测试了我的唱歌技巧，问我想要演什么角色。A：advertised"为……做广告"；B：tested"测验"；C：challenged"挑战"；D：polished" 润色 "。根据上文"I entered the room and the teachers made me say some lines from the musical."以及下文"The teachers were smiling and praising me."我走进教室，老师让我说出音乐剧中的几句台词。可推知，此处指作者进入戏剧室后，老师们让作者说几句音乐剧中的台词，测试作者的唱歌技巧，并对作者的表现很满意。故选B。
6．句意：我感觉我有机会，所以我说"一个重要的角色"。A：demand"需求"；B：credit"信用"；C：dream"梦想"；D：chance " 机会 "。根据上文"The teachers were smiling and praising me."老师们微笑着赞美我。可知，作者得到老师的表扬，所以此处指作者觉得自己有机会扮演音乐剧主角。故选D。
7．句意：不久演员表就被张贴了出来。A：traded"交易"；B：posted"张贴"；C：questioned"询问"；D：claimed " 宣称 "。根据下文"My friends checked and came back shouting,‘Amy, you got the main role!'Sure enough, my name was at the top."我的朋友们检查了一下，然后喊道："Amy，你演主角了！"果然，我的名字在上面。可推知，此处指很快演员表就被张贴了出来，作者在名单最上边。故选B。
8．句意：我只是盯着它，然后情绪开始迸发。A：well up" (情绪)迸发"；B：roll in"(金钱等)大量涌进"；C：stand out"脱颖而出"；D：go off" 爆炸 "。根据下文"I was so happy"我太高兴了。可推知，此处指作者盯着演员表看，然后情绪开始迸发，感觉很开心。故选A。
9．句意：然后人们开始鼓掌，这给了我信心。A：whispering"耳语"；B：arguing"争吵"；C：clapping"鼓掌"；D：stretching " 伸展 "。根据空后"that gave me a boost of confidence"以及常识可推知，此处指人们的掌声增强了作者的信心。故选C。
10．句意：它一直伴随着我，让我感到更勇敢。A：funnier"更有趣的"；B：fairer"更公平的"；C：cleverer"更聪明的"；D：braver " 更勇敢的 "。根据上文" And when people started 9 , that gave me a boost of confidence."然后人们开始鼓掌，这给了我信心；以及下文"I realised that by trying something new, I can have fun — even if it means stepping out of my comfort zone."我意识到，通过尝试新事物，我可以获得乐趣——即使这意味着走出我的舒适区。可推知，人们的掌声给了作者信心，这使得作者感觉更勇敢，可以走出舒适区，通过尝试新事物获得乐趣。故选D。
【答案】11．to rest；12．self-awareness；13．gives；14．boundaries
【知识点】说明文；科普类；boundary；to
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了放慢节奏对个人成长有显著帮助，它能让我们更深入地了解自己，反思思想和情绪，从而做出正确选择，为此我们需要在个人生活和职业生活中设定明确的界限。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，名词，时态，主谓一致，名词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
11．句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。 rest "花费"，动词。结合固定短语take (the) time to do sth."花时间做某事"，所以此处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。
12．句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。 self-aware "自知的"，形容词。此处作介词of的宾语，应用其名词self-awareness"自我意识"。sense of self-awareness固定短语，"自我意识"。故填self-awareness。
13．句意：当我们放慢脚步时，我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪，这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域，并给我们做出正确选择的机会。 give "给"，此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语动词，根据helps可知，从句使用一般现在时，which指代前边的整个句子，所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives，gives与helps并列，作并列谓语。故填gives。
14．句意：为了实践这一点，我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。 boundary"边界，界限" ，可数名词根据空后in our personal and professional life可知，此处应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。
【答案】15．was named；16．asked；17．who
【知识点】说明文；日常生活类；ask；who
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2024年4月5日，John Tinniswood被命名为世界上在世最长寿的男性，他将自己的长寿归因于适度原则，认为过度饮食或行为最终会导致不良后果。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态语态，省略，定语从句等知识点的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
15．句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。 name "命名"，谓语动词。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；且与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。
16．句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。结合语意， ask "问"，动词。when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be asked，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，则从句中的"主语+be动词"可以省略。故填asked。
17．句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。 doesn't smoke and rarely drinks 是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导，故填who。
【答案】18．to；19．knocking；20．jogged
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文；jog；knock；to
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者看到一个男孩抱着一堆书走在街上，被其他孩子撞到书散落一地，作者心生同情并跑过去帮忙捡起眼镜，男孩对作者表示感谢，展现了人与人之间的善意与互助。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及介词，非谓语动词，时态等知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
18．句意：我心想，"他为什么要把所有的书都拿着？"think to oneself固定短语，"心想，暗想"，故填to。
19．句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。 knock "撞"，动词，句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。
20．句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。 jog "慢跑"，动词。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。
【答案】21．D
22．B
23．A
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了语言交换项目（The Language Exchange Programme）的相关信息，包括项目内容、完成要求、报名注册流程以及相关提醒，旨在让学生了解如何参与该项目以及参与所需满足的条件。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed."语言交流项目让学生们两人一组，每周用他们希望分享和学习的两种不同的语言进行交流。学生们在每次搭档会议后记录简短的条目，指出所练习的语言技能和讨论的主题。可知，在这个项目中，学生们将练习他们的语言技能。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据Requirements for completion部分中的"18 weekly one-hour pair meetings"每周18次一小时的配对会议。可知，为了完成该项目，学生们被要求参加配对会议。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据Sign up部分中的"Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning."学生们报名参加并表明他们可以分享的语言以及他们有兴趣学习的语言。可知，学生们在注册期间需要表明他们感兴趣的语言。故选A。
【答案】24．C
25．A
26．B
27．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者自幼喜爱绘画，中学时因油画考试失利而认为自己没有天赋，此后虽继续写作、看展和随意涂画，但将油画视为禁忌不敢尝试，直到四十多岁受梦境激励开始作画，最终发现自己更喜欢粉笔和墨水，意识到成为成功画家需要坚定，而那个梦让自己明白恐惧和欲望能促使自己去冒险和尝试 。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
24．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I'd been over-confident. Now I'd been declared talentless."我觉得很难，但仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过，而且成绩很低。我过于自信了。现在，我被宣布为毫无(油画)天赋的人了；并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的经历，可推知，作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art."在我30多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法；以及"Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn't allowed to practice. "虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习。可知，作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段中的"The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I'd lost. "这个梦给我的感觉是如此的权威，它震撼了我。它是能量的一种形式，让我回我失去了的东西，可知，作者的梦赋予作者练习油画的力量。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据第六段中的"Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. "成为一名成功的画家需要有决心。我意识到我总是害怕想要得太多；以及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。可推知，我们能从文章中学到创作活动需要自信，故选D。
【答案】28．C
29．B
30．A
31．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；科普类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，"模拟假说"虽无法证实宇宙是否为计算机模拟，但可借此推动科学认知；通过接受宇宙不可知，将研究转向能否将宇宙建模为计算机模拟，指出建模是理解世界的手段，不同时代有不同模型，新信息时代概念启发新宇宙模型，虽模型非现实，但作为工具能助力探索未知，且基于"计算机模拟"隐喻的建模也将极具价值 。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段中的"Searching the term ‘simulation hypothesis' (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation —— a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it's true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge."搜索"模拟假说"这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识。可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C。
29．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的"If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box."如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语。可知，此处that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推知划线短语 contingent on 表示"取决于"，故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. "18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用；以及第三段中的"So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation."因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中。可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，可推知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据第四段中的"There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. "争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力；以及第五段"It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the‘computer simulation' metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise."可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于"计算机模拟"隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作。可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C。
【答案】32．A
33．B
34．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在于探讨人类道德规范的起源与普遍性，指出尽管不同文化间道德规范的具体表现形式和重视程度可能有所不同，但诸如反对残忍与欺骗、倡导合作与谦逊等核心道德价值在人类社会中普遍存在。这些规范根植于人类基本需求的相似性以及学习和解决问题的共同机制，并通过社会本能和奖励系统内化于个体行为之中，同时，语言能力的发展进一步促进了社会规范的复杂化和精细化。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段中的"With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense"由于加拿大北部恶劣的生存环境要求很高，因纽特人实用的道德方式很有意义。这表明生存环境（生活条件）是推动他们道德准则形成的因素，故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving."这些普遍规范远远早于任何道德化宗教或成文法律的概念。相反，它们植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制)。可知，普遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制，即人类的基本需求导致普遍的道德规范形成。故选B。
34．标题归纳题。根据第一段中的"Franz Boas's description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans." Franz Boas 对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则；以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中，所以"道德的起源"适合作为文章标题。故选D。
【答案】35．G；36．C；37．D；38．F；39．A
【知识点】说明文；七选五；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了"刺猬型"与"狐狸型"思维模式哪种更具可信性及优势，指出刺猬型思维聚焦一事且做得精，在公司发展等方面有其意义，但预测时错误率更高且不认错；狐狸型思维则善于从多渠道获取新信息，能接纳不确定性，对自身知识有清晰认知；最终表明刺猬型与狐狸型并非非此即彼的选择，最有效的方式是成为兼具两者特质的"狐狸型刺猬"。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科普类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
35．根据空前"Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes."拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案。可知，拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案， G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. "他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场"说明拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人往往有明确的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
36．根据空前"They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at."他们专注于一件事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么。可知，拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence."因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信"进一步说明拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
37．根据空后"He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions."他发现，拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人不仅比拥有"狐狸"型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了。可知，此处介绍拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人的缺点。 D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. "但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面" 引出下文，介绍拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人具备缺点，符合语境。故选D。
38．根据空前"The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ""狐狸"型思维方式的人的优势在于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适；以及空后"They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking."他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外。可知，此处介绍拥有"狐狸"型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don't treat it as exceptional."当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外"承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
39．根据空前"The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. "这个问题可以用"像狐狸的刺猬"风格来回答；以及空后"The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off."成为拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人还是拥有"狐狸"型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡。可知，拥有"刺猬"型思维方式的人和拥有"狐狸"型思维方式的人各有优势。A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each."换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势"承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
【答案】40．The need to be recognized as an independent scientist.
41．The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training.
42．The adviser considered the author's experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced.
It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author's experience in the lab a groundbreaking success.
43．In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning than to seek help. (答案言之有理即可)
【知识点】细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者起初过度追求独立，在攻读研究生期间经历诸多失败，后来通过在合作实验室接受培训、寻求帮助，最终在学会适时求助的过程中踏上了成为独立科学家的道路，强调了寻求帮助对实现独立的重要性。
【点评】本题考查阅读表达，考点涉及细节理解和开放性试题两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而作出正确答案。
40．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. "当我开始设计实验时，我的委员会成员警告我，我将面临的挑战。但是我对独立的需求驱使我推进我的研究计划。可知，一开始，是作者对独立的需求驱使作者推进这个研究计划。故答案为：The need to be recognized as an independent scientist.
41．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. "我的导师和我想出了一个有点不同寻常的解决方案：我将在一个合作实验室里待上三个月，接受专门培训。可知，在反复的失败之后，导师和作者的解决方案是，作者将花三个月的时间在合作实验室接受专门培训。故答案为：The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training.
42．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data."我的导师认为这段经历是一次开创性的成功，强调了我获得的合作技能。几个月后，当我在家里的实验室里重复这个实验时，我得到了更多可发表的数据。可知，导师认为作者在实验室的经历是一次开创性的成功，这是因为作者通过与他人合作获得了合作技能，而不是因为产生了可发表的数据。故答案为：The adviser considered the author's experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced.
It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author's experience in the lab a groundbreaking success.
43．开放性问题。答案言之有理即可。通读全文可知，作者成为一名独立科学家的成功最终是通过合作、适应性学习和面对挫折的韧性来实现的。从这个故事中，我们了解到，虽然独立最初是理想化的，并被热情地追求，但真正的独立往往包括认识到合作的价值，并学会何时寻求帮助。故答案可为：In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning when to seek help.
44．【答案】Dear Jim,
It's great to hear you're planning to write about China's achievements on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the founding of this country. Here are a few suggestions for your article.
To begin with, talk about China's economic growth and technological advancements, which are the highlights in the past few decades. Then, projects like the Belt and Road Initiative make a good topic to discuss because it showcases China's determination to build a shared future with the world. In addition, you can also mention China's role in helping solving global issues such as the global warming, offering a more comprehensive view.
Looking forward to reading your article!
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文；政治经济类
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以红星中学高三学生的身份回复邮件。写作背景：外国好友Jim准备给其校报的Asia Today栏目投稿。得知今年新中国成立75周年，他打算重点介绍中国的发展成就， 发来邮件询问你的建议 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：(1)建议投稿内容；(2)就以上建议简要说明理由。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：It's great to hear you're planning to write about China's achievements on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the founding of this country.运用了it作形式主语，不定式作主语，宾语从句； Here are a few suggestions for your article.运用了倒装句；To begin with, talk about China's economic growth and technological advancements, which are the highlights in the past few decades.运用了祈使句，非限制性定语从句； Then, projects like the Belt and Road Initiative make a good topic to discuss because it showcases China's determination to build a shared future with the world.运用了原因状语从句； In addition, you can also mention China's role in helping solving global issues such as the global warming, offering a more comprehensive view.运用了现在分词作状语。
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