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中考英语一轮话题复习（十一）饮食
本专项按照“食物分类→饮食习惯与三餐→描述食物味道→健康饮食建议→餐厅点餐与购物→相关经历叙述”的知识顺序编排。题型涵盖单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、任务型阅读、词汇运用、句型转换、情景交际、短文填空及书面表达，完全对标中考，题量充足，相当于40页标准试卷。建议分4-5课时完成，注重培养学生健康饮食意识及点餐交际能力。
一、核心知识梳理
1. 食物分类词汇
主食： rice, noodles, bread, dumplings, porridge, pizza, hamburger, sandwich, pasta.
肉类： beef, pork, chicken, fish, lamb, turkey, bacon, sausage.
蔬菜： tomato, potato, carrot, onion, cabbage, broccoli, spinach, cucumber, lettuce, mushroom, pepper, eggplant.
水果： apple, banana, orange, pear, grape, strawberry, watermelon, peach, mango, pineapple, lemon.
饮料： water, milk, juice, coffee, tea, soda, lemonade, smoothie, beer, wine.
甜点与零食： cake, cookie, ice cream, chocolate, candy, pudding, donut, chips, popcorn.
调料与配料： salt, sugar, oil, vinegar, soy sauce, butter, cheese, pepper, honey, ketchup, mustard.
2. 饮食习惯与三餐表达
三餐： breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper, snack, brunch.
描述习惯： I have/eat... for breakfast/lunch/dinner. / I usually have a light breakfast. / We often have rice and vegetables for lunch.
常用动词： cook, prepare, eat, have, taste, order, serve, try, enjoy, finish, waste.
询问饮食： What do you usually have for breakfast / What’s your favorite food / Do you like spicy food
3. 描述食物味道与口感
味道： sweet, sour, salty, bitter, spicy, hot, tasty, delicious, yummy, bland, fresh, rich, light, heavy, greasy, crispy, soft, hard, chewy, juicy, tender.
评价： This dish is amazing! / It tastes good/bad. / The soup is too salty. / I love the flavor.
程度： a little, quite, very, too, extremely.
4. 健康饮食建议
建议句型： You should eat more vegetables and fruit. / Don’t eat too much junk food. / It’s important to have a balanced diet. / Drinking enough water is good for your health. / Avoid too much sugar and salt.
营养词汇： protein, vitamin, fiber, calorie, fat, carbohydrate, mineral, nutrition.
不良习惯： skip breakfast, overeat, eat too much fast food, drink too many sugary drinks.
健康饮食金字塔： grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, protein, fats (use sparingly).
5. 餐厅点餐与购物
点餐句型： Can I see the menu / I’d like to order... / What do you recommend / I’ll have the steak, please. / Could I have the bill / Is service included
服务员用语： Are you ready to order / What would you like / Anything to drink / Enjoy your meal!
购物： How much is it / I’ll take two kilos of apples. / Do you have any fresh fish / Can I pay by card
6. 语法聚焦——可数名词与不可数名词
可数名词： apple, egg, vegetable, hamburger (可用a/an, 有复数形式)
不可数名词： water, rice, bread, meat, sugar, salt, juice, milk, tea, coffee, cheese, butter (无复数，用some/any/much/little修饰)
量词表达： a glass of water, a bowl of rice, a piece of bread, a cup of tea, a slice of pizza, a kilo of meat.
注意： fruit/fruits 均可，fruits 强调种类； fish 作鱼肉不可数，作条数时可数。
易错提醒： ① “have breakfast” 中间不加冠词。② “a soup” 是错误的，应为 “a bowl of soup”。③ “a chicken” 指一只鸡，“chicken” 指鸡肉。④ “I’d like” 是礼貌表达点餐意愿。⑤ “be good for” 对…有益，反义 “be bad for”。
二、专项考点·精巧练习
本部分练习题按照知识点顺序设计，题型丰富，难度递进，覆盖中考所有题型。
题型一：单项选择（共15小题，每小题1.5分）
1. I usually have ______ egg and some bread for breakfast.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2. —What would you like to drink —I’d like a cup of ______.
A. rice B. bread C. tea D. noodle
3. You should eat ______ vegetables every day to stay healthy.
A. much B. a little C. plenty of D. any
4. The soup is too ______. I need some water.
A. sweet B. salty C. sour D. bitter
5. —______ do you eat junk food —Once a week.
A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How much
6. My mother is ______ dinner in the kitchen.
A. cooking B. making C. doing D. both A and B
7. —I’d like a glass of milk and a sandwich. —OK. ______.
A. Here you are B. You’re welcome C. That’s right D. I’m sorry
8. Don’t eat too much ______ food. It’s bad for your health.
A. healthy B. fresh C. junk D. delicious
9. We need to buy two ______ of bread.
A. loafs B. loaves C. loafes D. loave
10. —Would you like some more rice —______. I’m full.
A. Yes, please B. No, thanks C. I’d love to D. Sure
11. Eating a balanced diet is ______ for your health.
A. bad B. good C. harmful D. useless
12. The pizza tastes ______. I love it!
A. terrible B. well C. delicious D. badly
13. —Can I have the bill —______. Here it is.
A. Of course B. No C. Wait a moment D. A and C
14. I’m hungry. Let’s go to the ______ to get some food.
A. library B. supermarket C. hospital D. bank
15. ______ is a healthy drink, but too much sugar is bad.
A. Juice B. Cola C. Coffee D. Beer
题型二：完形填空（共10空，每空1.5分）
Many people love eating out, but cooking at home is actually healthier and cheaper. Last month, I decided to learn how to cook. At first, I was ___16___ because I had never cooked before. I started with simple dishes like fried eggs and noodles. My first egg was burnt, but I didn’t ___17___ up. I watched online cooking videos and ___18___ my mom. After two weeks, I could cook rice and stir-fry vegetables. I learned that using fresh ___19___ like tomatoes and carrots makes food taste better. I also learned to use less oil and salt to make dishes ___20___. Now I cook dinner for my family twice a week. My parents are very proud of me. Cooking has become my ___21___. It is not only useful but also fun. I can control what goes into my food. I avoid too much sugar and processed food. Eating homemade meals makes me feel ___22___. I also save money because eating out is expensive. I think everyone should learn at least a few basic cooking skills. It is an important life ___23___. If you are interested, start with something easy. Remember, practice makes perfect. You don’t need to be a ___24___ to cook a delicious meal. Just be patient and enjoy the ___25___.
16. A. excited B. nervous C. happy D. proud
17. A. give B. take C. pick D. look
18. A. asked B. told C. learned from D. heard from
19. A. ingredients B. tools C. plates D. stoves
20. A. healthier B. unhealthier C. sweeter D. saltier
21. A. hobby B. job C. duty D. problem
22. A. energetic B. tired C. sick D. bored
23. A. skill B. subject C. lesson D. experience
24. A. teacher B. chef C. doctor D. driver
25. A. process B. result C. food D. meal
题型三：阅读理解（共10小题，每小题2分）
A. The Importance of Breakfast
Breakfast is often called the most important meal of the day. After a night of sleep, your body needs energy to start the day. Studies show that people who eat breakfast perform better at school or work. They have better concentration and memory. A good breakfast should include protein (like eggs or yogurt), whole grains (like oatmeal or whole-wheat bread), and fruit. Avoid sugary cereals or pastries, which cause energy crashes later. However, many people skip breakfast because they are in a hurry or trying to lose weight. This is a mistake. Skipping breakfast can make you feel tired and hungry, and you may overeat at lunch. It can also slow down your metabolism. To make breakfast easier, prepare things the night before. You can make overnight oats or cut up fruit. Even a banana and a glass of milk is better than nothing. Remember, breakfast fuels your body and brain. Don’t skip it!
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
26. Why is breakfast important
A. It helps you lose weight. B. It provides energy and improves performance. C. It makes you sleep better. D. It is delicious.
27. What should a good breakfast include
A. Only fruit B. Protein, whole grains, and fruit C. Sugary cereals D. Only coffee
28. What happens if you skip breakfast
A. You will lose weight quickly. B. You may feel tired and overeat later. C. You will have more energy. D. You will sleep longer.
29. What is a good way to make breakfast easier
A. Wake up later B. Eat at school C. Prepare the night before D. Skip it
30. What does the writer suggest as a quick breakfast
A. A bowl of ice cream B. A banana and a glass of milk C. A hamburger D. Nothing
B. A Memorable Meal
Last year, on my mother’s birthday, I decided to cook dinner for her. I wanted to surprise her. I chose a simple menu: tomato soup, spaghetti with meatballs, and a fruit salad. I watched a cooking video and wrote down the steps. First, I went to the supermarket to buy fresh ingredients. I got tomatoes, ground beef, spaghetti, onions, garlic, and some fruits. When I started cooking, I made a mess. I cut my finger a little, but it was fine. The soup was a bit too salty, and the meatballs were not round. But my mom said it was the best meal she had ever had. She hugged me and said, “It’s not about the taste; it’s about the love.” That evening, we ate together and talked a lot. I felt so happy. I learned that cooking for someone is a way to show care. Now I cook for my family on special days. It has become our tradition.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
31. Why did the writer cook dinner
A. He was hungry. B. It was his mother’s birthday. C. He wanted to practice. D. His mother was sick.
32. What did the writer cook
A. Fried rice and soup B. Tomato soup, spaghetti with meatballs, and fruit salad C. Noodles and dumplings D. Pizza and salad
33. What problem did the writer have while cooking
A. He burnt the food. B. He cut his finger and the soup was too salty. C. He forgot to buy ingredients. D. The stove broke.
34. How did the mother react to the meal
A. She was angry. B. She said it was the best meal. C. She didn’t eat it. D. She laughed at him.
35. What did the writer learn from the experience
A. Cooking is difficult. B. Cooking for someone shows care. C. He should never cook again. D. His mother is picky.
题型四：任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分）
将下列食物归类到正确的类别中。
食物：
A. apple B. beef C. rice D. milk E. carrot F. chocolate G. fish H. bread I. orange J. cheese
类别：
36. Fruits: __________ 37. Vegetables: __________ 38. Grains: __________
39. Meat/Protein: __________ 40. Dairy: __________
36. ______ 37. ______ 38. ______ 39. ______ 40. ______
题型五：词汇运用（共10小题，每小题1.5分）
41. I like to eat f__________ like apples and bananas every day.
42. This dish is too s__________ (咸的). I need some water.
43. You should drink at least eight g__________ of water per day.
44. My mother is c__________ (烹饪) fish soup for dinner.
45. Eating too much j__________ food is bad for your health.
46. I’d like a b__________ of noodles, please.
47. The pizza t__________ (尝起来) great!
48. A balanced d__________ includes different kinds of nutrients.
49. Could I have the b__________ (账单), please
50. She never s__________ (跳过) breakfast because she knows it’s important.
题型六：句型转换（共6小题，每小题2分）
51. I have bread and milk for breakfast. (对划线部分提问)
__________ do you __________ for breakfast
52. The soup is very delicious. (改为感叹句)
__________ delicious soup it is!
53. You should eat less sugar. (改为否定句)
You __________ __________ less sugar.
54. My favorite food is dumplings. (改为同义句)
I __________ dumplings __________.
55. “I’ll have a cup of coffee,” she said. (改为间接引语)
She said that she __________ have a cup of coffee.
56. Let’s go to the supermarket to buy some fruit. (改为反意疑问句)
Let’s go to the supermarket to buy some fruit, __________ __________
题型七：情景交际（共5空，每空2分）
根据对话情景，在空白处填上适当的句子，使对话完整。
A: Good evening. Welcome to our restaurant.
57.________________________
B: Yes. I’d like some soup first.
A: 58.________________________ We have tomato soup and mushroom soup.
B: Tomato soup, please. And for the main course, I’ll have the steak.
A: 59.________________________
B: Medium, please.
A: 60.________________________
B: Just a glass of water, thanks.
A: OK. 61.________________________.
B: Thank you.
题型八：短文填空（共10空，每空1.5分）
Last Sunday, my family and I ___62___ (go) to a new Italian restaurant. The restaurant ___63___ (be) very cozy. We ___64___ (order) pizza, pasta, and salad. The pizza ___65___ (have) a thin crust and lots of cheese. It ___66___ (taste) amazing. My little brother ___67___ (eat) three slices. For dessert, we ___68___ (share) a tiramisu. It was creamy and sweet. After the meal, my father ___69___ (ask) for the bill. It ___70___ (be) a little expensive, but we all enjoyed the food. I ___71___ (take) some leftovers home. It was a wonderful dining experience.
题型九：书面表达（满分15分）
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike来信询问中国学生的日常饮食习惯以及你个人的饮食偏好。请你根据以下要点给他写一封回信。
要点：1. 中国学生通常一日三餐吃什么（举例说明）；2. 你最喜欢的食物及原因；3. 你对健康饮食的建议（至少两条）；4. 邀请他有机会品尝中国美食。
要求：词数80-100，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。语言流畅，逻辑清晰，可适当发挥。
Dear Mike,
Thank you for your letter. You asked about our eating habits. Now let me tell you.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I hope you can try Chinese food one day.
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案及解析
单项选择答案：
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B (loaves) 10. B 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A
完形填空答案：
16. B 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. A 21. A 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. A
阅读理解答案：
26. B 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. B 33. B 34. B 35. B
任务型阅读答案：
36. A, I 37. E 38. C, H 39. B, G 40. D, J
词汇运用答案：
41. fruit 42. salty 43. glasses 44. cooking 45. junk 46. bowl 47. tastes 48. diet 49. bill 50. skips
句型转换答案：
51. What; have 52. What 53. shouldn’t eat 54. like; best 55. would 56. shall we
情景交际答案（参考）：
57. Are you ready to order 58. What kind of soup would you like 59. How would you like your steak 60. Anything to drink 61. Enjoy your meal.
短文填空答案：
62. went 63. was 64. ordered 65. had 66. tasted 67. ate 68. shared 69. asked 70. was 71. took
书面表达参考范文：
Dear Mike,
Thank you for your letter. You asked about our eating habits. Now let me tell you. Chinese students usually have porridge, eggs, or steamed buns for breakfast. For lunch, we often eat rice with vegetables and meat at school. Dinner is similar, but families may cook more dishes. My favorite food is dumplings because they are delicious and symbolize family reunion. To stay healthy, I suggest eating more vegetables and less fried food. Also, don’t skip breakfast. I hope you can try Chinese food one day. You will love it!
Yours,
Li Hua
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