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用英语讲述中国传统文化之传统文化阅读
Passage 1阅读理解A
主题语境：文明先哲 语篇类型：说明文 词数: 336 建议用时：7分钟
There are special moments in history when the world throws up a torrent of genius. Consider how, in a single century, the world saw Descartes, Leibniz, and Newton, not to mention Shakespeare, Milton, and Bach.Or consider how, in one generation, someone could hypothetically have met Bismarck, Queen Victoria, Marie Curie, and Edison.
But all of this pales in comparison to what German philosopher Karl Jaspers called the“Axial Age”. It's here that we find the very origins of why we think the way we do today.
Modern humans have been around for roughly250,000 years, and we've lived in complex societies for at least 6,000 years. Then, within a span of merely six centuries, there was a huge explosion of thought. From roughly 800 BC to 200 BC, all of the major civilizations produced incredible people with incredible ideas.
In Greece, we saw the likes of Socrates, Archimedes,Hippocrates, Plato, and Aristotle. In the Middle East,we got Jewish prophets like Isaiah and Ezekiel, as well as Zoroaster in Persia. In India, we got the Buddha and the writing of the Hindu Upanishads. And in China,Confucianism and Daoism came into their own, as well as the famous Sun Tzu.
Seen up close, these thinkers can seem about as different as chalk and cheese. What could Lao Tzu's Dao and Aristotle’ s Eudaimonia have in common How are Yahweh and Brahman similar For Jaspers, when you zoom out a bit and see these thinkers as a whole, there are remarkable commonalities to be found.
The greatest of these is the move toward what's called“universalism”. Universal truths, universal religion, and universal morals. * It's the idea that there are certain values and rules that ought to apply to everyone,everywhere, no matter the circumstances.
The Axial Age was an era where empires expanded outwards to become huge, both in terms of size and population. It was a time of the Persian and Carthaginian empires, the Roman Republic, and the Zhou Dynasty. This means several important things happened.
1 What do the underlined words“pales in comparison” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Becomes more obvious. B. Becomes less important.
C. Becomes less interesting. D. Becomes more influential.
2 What was the Axial Age mainly about
A. Great thoughts. B. Political campaigns.
C. Scientific achievements. D. Geographic discoveries.
3 What does Jaspers try to stress about these great thinkers
A. The similarity of their ideas. B. The difference between them.
C. The diversity of their thoughts. D. The significance of their contributions.
4 What will the author continue talking about in the paragraphs that follow
A. The problems with the Axial Age.
B. The great influence of the Axial Age.
C. The historical background of the Axial Age.
D. The representative figures of the Axial Age.
参考答案：
“轴心时代”这一概念由德国哲学家卡尔·雅斯贝尔斯提出，它指大约公元前800年至公元前200年之间的一段历史时期。这一时期是人类文明发展的一个重要阶段。
1. B 词义猜测题。根据下文 It's here that we find the very origins of why we think the way we do today.可知，作者对下文提到的“轴心时代”的人物评价更高。也就是说，第一段提到的这些人物比起“轴心时代”的先哲们就相形见绌了。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第三段的 From roughly 800 BC to 200 BC, all of the major civilizations produced incredible people with incredible ideas.可知，“轴心时代”的最大特点是诞生了很多伟大先哲以及他们的杰出思想。
3. A 细节理解题。根据第五段的 For Jaspers, when you zoom out a bit and see these thinkers as a whole, there are remarkable commonalities to be found.可知, Jaspers重点强调了这些“轴心时代”伟大先哲们思想的共同之处。
4. C 推理判断题。最后一段作者提到了“轴心时代”的背景————波斯帝国、迦太基帝国，罗马共和国和中国古代的周朝；根据 This means several important things happened.可推知，下文可能会详细讲述这一时期发生的事情。
难句分析
It's the idea that there are certain values and rules that ought to apply to everyone, everywhere, no matter the circumstances.其理念在于：某些价值观与准则应当适用于每一个人，无论何时何地、无论何种情形。It's the idea是主句， that引导同位语从句，说明前面the idea 的具体内容。 no matter the circumstances是让步状语, 相当于 no matter what the circumstances are。
参考译文：
历史上有一些特殊时刻，世界会涌现出大量天才。试想，在短短一个世纪内，世界见证了笛卡尔、莱布尼茨和牛顿的诞生，更不用说莎士比亚、弥尔顿和巴赫了。再想想，在同一代人中，人们可能会遇到俾斯麦、维多利亚女王、玛丽·居里和爱迪生。
但与德国哲学家卡尔·雅斯贝尔斯所说的“轴心时代”相比，这一切都显得黯然失色。正是在这个时代，我们找到了人类如今思维方式的根源。
现代人类已经存在了大约25万年，而且我们在复杂的社会中生活了至少6000年。然后，在短短六个世纪的时间里，思想领域却发生了一场巨大的爆发。大约从公元前800年到公元前200年，所有主要文明都涌现出了拥有惊人思想的非凡人物。
在希腊，我们看到了苏格拉底、阿基米德、希波克拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德等人物。在中东，出现了以赛亚、以西结等犹太先知，以及波斯的琐罗亚斯德。在印度，佛陀诞生，印度教《奥义书》的撰写完成。而在中国，儒家和道家思想形成体系，同时也涌现出著名的孙子(孙武)。
近距离观察，这些思想家看似截然不同。老子的“道”与亚里士多德的“幸福论”有什么共同之处 耶和华与婆罗门又有何相似 但在雅斯贝尔斯看来，当你放宽视野将这些思想家视为一个整体时，便会发现其中存在显著的共性。
其中最显著的共同点，是都走向了所谓的“普遍主义”，即普遍真理、普世宗教和普遍道德的出现。其核心理念在于：某些价值观与准则应适用于每一个人，无论何时何地，无论何种情形。
轴心时代是一个帝国在版图和人口规模上都向外扩张并变得庞大的时代。这一时期有波斯帝国、迦太基帝国、罗马共和国和中国的周朝。这意味着几件重要的事情发生了。
Passage 2 阅读理解B
主题语境：杰出人物 语篇类型：说明文 词数: 320 建议用时：7分钟
In 2005, the four-volume novel Zhang Juzheng won the Mao Dun Literature Prize, one of China's most prestigious literary accolades.
It follows the story of Zhang Juzheng, the famous politician who led the reform of the economy and of official evaluations during the reign of the Ming Dynasty Emperor Wanli.
* Zhang Juzheng is widely considered to have carried out one of the most important and influential reforms in the history of China, although he is also seen as controversial.
His benevolent rule and strong foreign and economic policies are generally considered by Chinese and Western historians to have brought the Ming Dynasty to its peak.
At a young age, Zhang was renowned as a prodigy.He passed the preliminary county level keju test at the age of 12 and enrolled for the provincial examinations the following year. But the chief examiner failed him in order to prevent him from becoming arrogant (傲慢的). Finally,he passed the Imperial Examinations at 22. Knowing his first failure was planned by the chief examiner, he did not hate him but was thankful to him for causing such frustration.
Zhang's story is closely linked with that of another major character, Emperor Wanli. In 1573, 10- year- old Zhu Yijun became the 14th emperor of the Ming Dynasty,taking Wanli as the title of his reign. It was his mother, the empress dowager Li, who suggested that he take Zhang as a teacher.
The relationship between Zhang and Emperor Wanli is complicated. Zhang taught the young emperor and served him. However, as he grew older, the emperor had his own ambitions.
After Zhang's death, many people who hated him for his power, began to criticize and condemn him. The emperor had already retaken full control of the country,and sided with the accusers.Two years after his adviser's death, he criticized Zhang's family seriously,confiscating(没收) all their assets and overturning the record of Zhang's reforms.
1 What is Zhang Juzheng famous for
A. Literary works. B. Military strategies.
C. Economic reforms. D. Scientific achievements.
2 Why did Zhang Juzheng fail his first provincial examinations
He wasn't well prepared.
B. He didn't perform well enough.
C. The chief examiner hated him for his arrogance.
D. The chief examiner wanted to teach him a lesson.
3 How did Emperor Wanli's attitude toward Zhang Juzheng change
A. From doubt to trust. B. From hope to despair.
C. From respect to hatred. D. From gratitude to sympathy.
4 What happened to Zhang Juzheng after his death
A. He was unfairly treated. B. He was thought highly of.
C. His policies were still carried out. D. His name was completely forgotten.
参考答案：
张居正是明朝著名的政治家、改革家。文章对其一生做了简要介绍。
1. C细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，张居正是明朝伟大的政治家，他所推行的经济和政治领域的改革挽救了当时岌岌可危的明朝。
2. D细节理解题。根据第五段可知，在这次省级考试中，主考官故意没有让张居正通过，其目的是让张居正不要骄傲自满。
3. C推理判断题。根据最后三段可知，张居正生前是万历皇帝的老师，去世后遭到万历皇帝的打击迫害。由此可推知，万历皇帝对张居正的态度是从尊敬转变为仇恨。
4. A推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，在张居正去世后，很多大臣攻击谴责张居正，万历皇帝派人没收了张家的所有财产并推翻了张居正的改革制度。由此可推知，张居正去世后遭到了不公正的对待。
难句分析
Zhang Juzheng is widely considered to have carried out one of the most important and influential reforms in the history of China, although he is also seen as controversial.张居正被广泛认为推行了中国历史上最重要、最具影响力的改革之一，尽管他也被认为是有争议的。
is considered是一般现在时的被动语态; to have carried是动词不定式的完成式，作主语 Zhang Juzheng的补足语。连词 although 引导让步状语从句。
参考译文：
2005年，四卷本小说《张居正》荣获2005中国最具声望的文学奖项之一——茅盾文学奖。
这部小说讲述了著名政治家张居正的故事。他在明朝万历皇帝统治时期主导了经济改革和官员考核制度改革。
张居正被广泛认为推行了中国历史上最重要、最具影响力的改革之一，尽管他也被认为是有争议的。
他施行仁政，推行强有力的外交和经济政策，中外历史学家普遍认为这些举措将明朝推向了鼎盛时期。
张居正在年轻时就以神童著称。他12岁通过县级科举初试，次年报考省级考试。但主考官为防止他心生傲慢，故意未让他通过。最终，他在22岁时通过了科举殿试。得知首次落选是主考官有意为之，他并未心生怨恨，反而感激对方让自己经历了挫折。
张居正的故事与另一个主要人物万历皇帝的故事密切相关。1573年，10岁的朱翊钧成为明朝第14位皇帝，以“万历”为年号。他在母亲李太后建议下，拜张居正为师。
张居正与万历皇帝的关系错综复杂。张居正曾教导这位年轻的皇帝，并为其效力。然而，随着万历皇帝逐渐长大，他开始有了自己的抱负。
张居正去世后，许多因他位高权重而憎恶他的人开始对他进行批评和谴责。此时，万历皇帝已完全收回国家的控制权，并站在指控者一边。在这位首辅去世两年后，皇帝严厉处置了张居正的家族，没收其全部财产，并推翻了张居正改革的成果。
Passage 3 七选五阅读
主题语境：著名诗人 语篇类型：说明文 词数: 248 建议用时：8分钟
The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of Chinese poetry. * In the number of poems and variety of forms,in the beauty of imagery and broadness of themes,Tang poetry surpassed that of all ages before the Tang Dynasty. 1 .
Li Bai was born in Suiye in Central Asia, which belonged to Tang Empire.
He wrote as many as 900 poems. Some of them describe the life of the people; some describe the magnificent scenery he saw; others express his own wishes and sorrows. 2 . That is why he is called a romantic poet.
Du Fu was born in Gong County, Henan. He began to write poems about the sufferings of the poor.Deep sympathy for the people is one of the main characteristics of Du Fu's poems. In this respect he surpassed all earlier poets. 3 , for they reflect the political and military situation of his time, and the life and miseries of the people. He pushed the tradition of realism in poetry to a new level.
Two years after Du Fu died, another great poet was born. Bai Juyi, the son of a petty official, was born in Xinzheng, Henan. Bai Juyi wrote more poems than any other Tang poet— nearly 3,000. 4 ,and show signs of Du Fu’ s influence. He also wrote many lyrics expressing his personal feelings. His two long narrative poems—— The Everlasting Sorrow and The Song of a Pipa Player—— are among the best known. 5 , which ordinary readers can understand.
阅读短文，从选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A. His poems have been called“poetic history”
B. He did well in imperial examinations and became an official
C. Many of them deal with important social and political problems
D. Among the most famous Tang poets are Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi
E. His poems are famous for unusual imagination and free expression of feelings
F. Tang Dynasty poets composed more poems than all poets in the preceding 2,000 years did
G. Many of his poems have deep meanings, and they are written in simple and plain language.
参考答案：
本文简要介绍了我国唐朝的三大诗人：李白、杜甫和白居易。
1. D由于下文具体介绍了唐朝的三大诗人，这里应该概括性地提及他们，故D 项符合语境。
2. E 根据下文 That is why he is called a romantic poet.可知，上文应该解释李白被称为浪漫主义诗人的原因，故E项符合语境。
3. A 下文 for they reflect the political and military situation of his time 陈述了一种原因，因此上文应该是一种结果————他的诗被称为“诗史”。故A 项符合语境。
4. C 根据上文 Bai Juyi wrote more poems than any other Tang poet— nearly 3,000.可知, C项符合语境。C项中的 them 指代上文提到的白居易写的接近3000首唐诗。
5. G 根据下文 which ordinary readers can understand可知，白居易的诗歌通俗易懂，故G项符合语境。
难句分析
In the number of poems and variety of forms, in the beauty of imagery and broadness of themes, Tang poetry surpassed that of all ages before the Tang Dynasty.无论是从诗歌的数量、形式的多样性，还是从意象之美和主题的广泛程度来看，唐诗都超越了此前的各个时代的诗歌。
In the number of ... forms 和 in the beauty of... themes是两个介词短语作状语; Tang poetry... before...是主句, 其中 that 指代前面提到的 poetry。
参考译文：
唐朝是中国诗歌的黄金时代。无论是从诗歌的数量、形式的多样性，还是从意象之美和主题的广泛程度来看，唐诗都超越了此前的各个时代的诗歌。唐代最著名的诗人有李白、杜甫和白居易。
李白出生于中亚碎叶城，该城当时隶属于唐帝国。
他创作了多达900首诗。其中一些描写百姓的生活，一些描绘他见过的壮丽景色，还有一些抒发他个人的愿望和哀愁。他的诗以不同寻常的想象力和自由的情感表达而闻名。这就是他被称为浪漫主义诗人的原因。
杜甫生于河南巩县。他开始创作关于贫苦百姓苦难的诗歌。对民众的深切同情是杜甫诗歌的主要特点之一，在这方面他超越了所有早期诗人。他的诗作被称为“诗史”，因为它们反映了当时的政治军事局势以及百姓的生活与苦难。他将诗歌中的现实主义传统推向了新的高度。
杜甫去世两年后，另一位伟大的诗人诞生了。身为小官吏之子的白居易出生于河南新郑。居易创作的诗歌数量超过任何一位唐代诗人——近3000首。其中许多作品探讨重要的社会和政治问题，且显露出杜甫对他的影响。他也写了许多抒发个人情感的抒情诗。他的两首长篇叙事诗《长恨歌》和《琵琶行》是其中最著名的诗作。他的很多诗歌都寓意深刻，语言简洁，普通读者也能理解。
Passage 4完形填空
主题语境：杰出人物 语篇类型：记叙文 词数:273 建议用时：12分钟
* Sun Wu, also known as Sun Zi or Sun Tzu, was an ancient Chinese general and military strategist, who was widely believed to be the author of The Art of War.
In 514 BC, Sun moved to the State of Wu to 1 King Helu there. Before naming Sun the general of his military forces, the king decided to give Sun a 2 .
The king asked Sun,“Can you 3 me that your theories about war are 4 What about training a group of maid s in the imperial palace to become soldiers ”
Sun said yes and about 180 5 in front of him.Sun divided them into two teams and named two of the king's favorite maid s as team leaders. Then Sun 6 the two teams of maid s first to look right and then left.However, the maid s 7 it was only a game, so no one paid any 8 to the instruction and kept chatting.
Sun then told them that the first time they 9 to follow the order, it was his own fault because he probably didn't make it 10 about his command. So, he repeated(重申) his command, but the maid s still 11 him. As a consequence, Sun 12 ordered the execution(处决) of the two team leaders.
The king 13 Sun's order, but Sun said that it was he who was in 14 and that in the military, whoever disobeyed orders must be executed.
After the two maid s were killed on the 15 , Sun appointed two new team leaders and restarted the training.This time, the two teams of maid s drilled without flaw.
1 A. serve B. coach C. guide D. impress
2 A. present B. post C. message D. test
3 A. show B. indicate C. tell D. confirm
4 A. important B. flexible C. practical D. popular
5 A. collected B. gathered C. crowded D. appointed
6 A. requested B. demanded C. persuaded D. ordered
7 A. proposed B. suspected C. predicted D. thought
8 A. attention B. price C. measure D. cost
9 A. attempted B. managed C. failed D. desired
10 A. simple B. clear C. useful D. special
11 A. ignored B. declined C. criticized D. doubted
12 A. basically B. immediately C. generally D. naturally
13 A. turned out B. objected to C. set down D. took over
14 A. position B. condition C. supply D. command
15 A. scene B. point C. spot D. sight
参考答案：
孙武，被尊称为孙子，是我国春秋时期著名的军事家。文章讲述了他接受吴王阖闾考验的故事，测试的内容为训练宫女为士兵。
1. A根据下文可知，孙武来到吴国的目的是为吴王阖闾效力。 serve意为“为……效力;为……服务”,符合语境。
2. D根据下文可知，吴王阖闾在任用孙武为将军之前，先对孙武进行了一次考验。test意为“测试”，引申为“考验”，符合语境。
3. A 根据本空后的 your theories about war及下文可知,这里吴王阖闾想让孙武展示一下他的军事理论。show意为“展示”，符合语境。
4.C 吴王阖闾之所以让孙武展示，是想知道他的军事理论是否实用。 practical意为“实用的”，符合语境。
5.B 根据下文可知，此处指大约180名宫女聚集在孙武面前。 gather 意为“聚集”，符合语境。
6. D 句意：孙武命令两队宫女先向右看，再向左看。order 意为“命令”，符合语境。
7.D 根据上下文可知，然而，宫女们认为这只是一场游戏……她们继续聊天。 think 意为“认为”，符合语境。
8.A 根据下文 kept chatting 可知，宫女们没有人关注孙武的这一指示。 attention 意为“注意；关注”，符合语境。
9.C 句意：然后孙武告诉她们，她们第一次没有听从命令，这是他自己的错，因为他可能未能把自己的命令…… fail to do sth 意为“未能做某事；做某事失败”，符合语境。
10. B make it clear 表示“把命令说清楚”，符合语境。
11.A 根据上下文可知，此处指孙武重复了自己的命令，但宫女们仍然忽视他。 ignore 意为“忽视；对……不予理会”，符合语境。
12.B 根据上下文可知，由于宫女仍然忽视孙武的指挥，孙武立即下令处决这两个小队的队长。 immediately意为“立即”，符合语境。
13. B 根据下文 but Sun said that…可判断，此处指吴王反对孙武的命令。 object to 意为“反对”，符合语境。
14. D 句意：……孙武说他是军事指挥，无论谁不服从命令都必须被处决。 be in command “掌控；指挥”，符合语境。
15.C 根据上下文可知，两名宫女被当场处决后，孙武任命了两名新的队长，重新开始训练。这一次，两队宫女的训练进行得毫无瑕疵。 on the spot 意为“当场；立即”，符合语境。
难句分析
Sun Wu, also known as Sun Zi or Sun Tzu, was an ancient Chinese general and military strategist, who
was widely believed to be the author of The Art of War.孙武，也被称为孙子，是中国古代的一位将军和军事战略家，被广泛认为是《孙子兵法》的作者。
also known as Sun Zi or Sun Tzu 是过去分词短语，是Sun Wu 的同位语(插入语)，补充说明其别名。 who引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词 Sun Wu。
参考译文：
孙武，也被称为孙子，是中国古代的一位将军和军事战略家，被广泛认为是《孙子兵法》的作者。
公元前514年，孙武到吴国效力于吴王阖闾。在任命孙武为将军之前，吴王决定对他进行一次考验。
吴王问孙武：“你能证明你的战争理论是实用的吗？把一群宫女培养成士兵怎么样？”
孙武答应了，大约有180名宫女聚集在他面前。孙武把她们分成两队，并分别任命国王最喜欢的两名宫女为队长。孙武吩咐两队宫女先向右看齐，再向左看齐。然而，宫女们认为这只是一场游戏，所以没有人把他的指示放在眼里，只是继续聊天。
孙武告诉她们，如果她们第一次不服从命令，这是他自己的错，因为他可能没有把自己的命令说清楚。于是，他重复了他的命令，但宫女们仍然不理睬。于是，孙武立即下令处决这两名队长。
吴王不同意他的命令，但孙武说，他才是统领军队的人，谁不服从命令，谁就必须被处死。
在两名宫女当场被处死后，孙武任命了两名新的队长并重新开始训练。这一次，两队宫女训练得毫无瑕疵。
Passage 5 语法填空
主题语境：工匠传承 语篇类型：新闻报道 词数:231 建议用时：7分钟
The Luban Workshop has attracted attention from global insiders at the 2024 World Vocational and Technical Education Development Conference in North China's Tianjin Municipality, 1 opened on November 21.
Chinese technical and vocational education is expanding internationally, 2 the Luban Workshop has become a landmark cooperative project in 3 (train) local talents in partner countries. As of November 2024, over 34 Luban Workshops 4 (establish) in 30 countries and regions in the world since the first one was established in Thailand in 2016.
“China is sharing its vocational education experiences 5 other countries and regions all over the world,” Lü Jingquan, the director of the expert committee on Luban Workshop construction, told the Global Times. He also shared that the Luban Workshop not only provided academic education for partner 6 (country), but also improved the local standards of living by enhancing the skills of young people in those communities.
China now has the 7 (large) vocational education system in the world. The Luban Workshop has promoted the development of talent around the world and has become 8 bridge for cultural exchanges.
The Luban Workshop's 9 (popular) is not a coincidence.* It is not a project created by China out of thin air, but is deeply rooted in China's concept of promoting the building of a global community of 10 (share) future and promoting high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative.
阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
参考答案：
自 2016年3月首个鲁班工坊在泰国成立以来，中国陆续与共建“一带一路”国家展开合作，搭建中外职教合作的新舞台。如今，鲁班工坊已经走向世界。
1. which 考查定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词 the 2024 World Vocational and Technical Education Development Conference,故填关系代词which。
2.and 考查连词。本空前后是两个意义并列的分句，故填并列连词 and。
3. training 考查非谓语动词。介词 in后接动名词，作宾语。
4. have been established 考查时态和语态。由时间状语从句 since…可知，应用现在完成时，且主语 Luban Workshops与 establish之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
5.with 考查介词。这里表示中国正在与世界其他国家和地区分享职业教育的经验。 share… with…表示“与……分享……”,是固定搭配。
6. countries 考查名词单复数。 partner country意为“合作国家；伙伴国家”，根据语境可知，应该用复数形式。
7. largest 考查形容词。地点状语为 in the world,再结合本空前的定冠词 the 可知，应该用形容词 large 的最高级。
8.a 考查冠词。主语是 The Luban Workshop,谓语是has become,宾语 bridge前缺少限定词，泛指“一座文化交流的桥梁”，故填不定冠词 a。
9. popularity 考查词性转换。根据本空前的 Luban Workshop's 可知, 应填名词。
10. shared 考查非谓语动词。作定语，表示“共有的；分享的”。根据语境可知，应填过去分词 shared。
难句分析
★ It is not a project created by China out of thin air, but is deeply rooted in China's concept of promoting the building of a global community of shared future and promoting high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative.它并非中国凭空打造的项目, 而是深深植根于中国推动构建人类命运共同体以及推动高质量共建“一带一路”倡议的理念之中。
这是一个由“not... but...”连接的并列结构，用于对比和强调两个不同的方面。concept 后面是一个 of引导的介词短语，作后置定语，修饰 concept；这个介词短语中又包含两个并列的动名词短语。
参考译文：
11月21 日， 2024 年世界职业技术教育发展大会在中国北方天津市开幕，鲁班工坊吸引了全球业内人士的关注。
中国职业技术教育正在向国际拓展，鲁班工坊已成为伙伴国培养本土人才的标志性合作项目。自2016年在泰国建立第一个鲁班工坊以来，截至 2024年11月，中国已在全球30个国家和地区建立了34个鲁班工坊。
“中国正在与世界其他国家和地区分享其职业教育经验。”鲁班工坊建设专家委员会主任吕景泉告诉《环球时报》。他还表示，鲁班工坊培训班不仅为伙伴国提供了学术教育，而且通过提高当地年轻人的技能，提高了当地的生活水平。
中国目前拥有世界上最大的职业教育体系。鲁班工坊促进了世界各地人才的发展，成为文化交流的桥梁。
鲁班工坊的受欢迎并非偶然。它并非中国凭空打造的项目，而是深深植根于中国推动构建人类命运共同体以及推动高质量共建“一带一路”倡议的理念之中。
考点积累
Passage 1阅读理解A
单词短语
1 complex adj.复杂的
2 incredible adj.难以置信的
3 commonality n.共性；共同特征
4 circumstance n.条件；环境；状况
5 chalk and cheese 截然不同
经典句式
There are special moments in history when the world throws up a torrent of genius.
(There be… in history when…历史上有……在这 时刻/时期……)
Passage 2 阅读理解 B
单词短语
1 prestigious adj.有威望的；声誉高的
2 evaluation n.评价；评估
3 controversial adj.有争议的
4 enroll v.(使)加入；注册；登记
5 complicated adj.复杂的
6 accuser n.控告者；控诉人
经典句式
Zhang's story is closely linked with that of another major character, the Emperor Wanli.
(sb's story is closely linked with…某人的故事与……紧密相连)
Passage 3 七选五阅读
单词短语
1 imagery n.意象
2 magnificent adj.宏伟的；壮丽的
3 respect n.方面
4 surpass v.超越
5 show signs of 显示出；有……迹象
经典句式
Some of them describe the life of the people; some describe the magnificent scenery he saw; others express his own wishes and sorrows.
( Some of them…; some…; others…其中一些……；一些……；另一些……)
Passage 4 完形填空
单词短语
1 military adj.军事的
2 strategist n.战略家
3 imperial adj.帝国的
4 instruction n.指示；命令
5 fault n.错误
6 as a consequence 因此；结果
经典句式
The king objected to Sun's order, but Sun said that it was he who was in command and that in the military,whoever disobeyed orders must be executed.
( it was sb who…是强调句型，whoever 引导主语从句)
Passage 5 语法填空
单词短语
1 insider n.知情人；了解内幕者
2 vocational adj.职业的
3 cooperative adj.合作的
4 coincidence n.巧合
5 initiative n.倡议
经典句式
He also shared that the Luban Workshop not only provided academic education for partner countries,but also improved the local standards of living by enhancing the skills of young people in those communities.
( not only… but also…不但……而且……)
语料积累
1 visionary adj.有远见的
2tragic adj. 悲惨的; 悲剧的
3pioneering adj. 开创性的; 先驱性的
4 groundbreaking adj. 开创性的
5 independence n. 独立
6 national hero 民族英雄
7 scientific discovery科学发现
8 a cultural icon一位文化偶像
9 a military strategist 一位军事战略家
10 a brilliant statesman 一位卓越的政治家
11 rise to power during在……期间掌权
12 play a key role in 在……中发挥了关键作用
13 transform the political landscape 改变了政治格局
14 shape the course of history 影响了历史进程
15 establish a dynasty建立了一个王朝
16 inspire generations of people 激励了几代人
17 advocate for social justice 倡导社会正义
18 lay the foundation for为……奠定了基础
19 have a far-reaching influence on 对……产生深远影响
话题重点句、亮点句
1 Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.【人教版必修1】秦始皇将七个主要诸侯国统一成了一个大一统的国家,在这个国家里，中国的文字系统开始朝着一个方向发展。那套文字系统在团结中国人民和凝聚中国文化方面有着极其重要的意义。
2 Born during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service, so he turned to painting instead. In time, he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists China has ever known.【人教版选择性必修3】唐寅出生于明朝，他尝试考取功名但未能成功，于是转而投身绘画。随着时间的推移，他获得了认可，成为中国历史上最伟大的艺术家之一。
3 Superficially, these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, were polar opposites. And yet they shared an intense respect for nature, which made them each an influential figure of their time.【外研版选择性必修3】从表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近1500年，迥然不同。然而，他们都非常尊重自然，这使得他们在各自的时代都成为有影响力的人物。
4 He spent the next 22 years until his death, working the land in a poor, rural area.【外研版选择性必修3】在之后的22年里，直到生命的尽头，他躬耕于田野，生活在清贫的农村。
5 From his poetry, we can learn that although his life was arduous, he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.【外研版选择性必修3】从他的诗歌中, 我们可以了解到，尽管他的生活艰苦，但他成功地从简朴的生活中找到了满足感，并且从大自然中获得了乐趣。
6 Records of the Grand Historian was my first encounter with Chinese classical literature. After reading it,I realized the true genius of China’ s“Grand Historian”, Sima Qian.【外研版选择性必修4】《史记》是我接触的第一部中国的经典文学作品。通过阅读《史记》，我领略了中国“太史公”司马迁的真正才华。
7 Tang Xianzu and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common themes in their works.【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】汤显祖和莎士比亚是同时代的人，并且都于1616年逝世。虽然他们从未谋面，但他们的作品中有一些共同的主题。用英语讲述中国传统文化之传统文化阅读
Passage 1阅读理解A
主题语境：文明先哲 语篇类型：说明文 词数: 336 建议用时：7分钟
There are special moments in history when the world throws up a torrent of genius. Consider how, in a single century, the world saw Descartes, Leibniz, and Newton, not to mention Shakespeare, Milton, and Bach.Or consider how, in one generation, someone could hypothetically have met Bismarck, Queen Victoria, Marie Curie, and Edison.
But all of this pales in comparison to what German philosopher Karl Jaspers called the“Axial Age”. It's here that we find the very origins of why we think the way we do today.
Modern humans have been around for roughly250,000 years, and we've lived in complex societies for at least 6,000 years. Then, within a span of merely six centuries, there was a huge explosion of thought. From roughly 800 BC to 200 BC, all of the major civilizations produced incredible people with incredible ideas.
In Greece, we saw the likes of Socrates, Archimedes,Hippocrates, Plato, and Aristotle. In the Middle East,we got Jewish prophets like Isaiah and Ezekiel, as well as Zoroaster in Persia. In India, we got the Buddha and the writing of the Hindu Upanishads. And in China,Confucianism and Daoism came into their own, as well as the famous Sun Tzu.
Seen up close, these thinkers can seem about as different as chalk and cheese. What could Lao Tzu's Dao and Aristotle’ s Eudaimonia have in common How are Yahweh and Brahman similar For Jaspers, when you zoom out a bit and see these thinkers as a whole, there are remarkable commonalities to be found.
The greatest of these is the move toward what's called“universalism”. Universal truths, universal religion, and universal morals. * It's the idea that there are certain values and rules that ought to apply to everyone,everywhere, no matter the circumstances.
The Axial Age was an era where empires expanded outwards to become huge, both in terms of size and population. It was a time of the Persian and Carthaginian empires, the Roman Republic, and the Zhou Dynasty. This means several important things happened.
1 What do the underlined words“pales in comparison” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Becomes more obvious. B. Becomes less important.
C. Becomes less interesting. D. Becomes more influential.
2 What was the Axial Age mainly about
A. Great thoughts. B. Political campaigns.
C. Scientific achievements. D. Geographic discoveries.
3 What does Jaspers try to stress about these great thinkers
A. The similarity of their ideas. B. The difference between them.
C. The diversity of their thoughts. D. The significance of their contributions.
4 What will the author continue talking about in the paragraphs that follow
A. The problems with the Axial Age.
B. The great influence of the Axial Age.
C. The historical background of the Axial Age.
D. The representative figures of the Axial Age.
Passage 2 阅读理解B
主题语境：杰出人物 语篇类型：说明文 词数: 320 建议用时：7分钟
In 2005, the four-volume novel Zhang Juzheng won the Mao Dun Literature Prize, one of China's most prestigious literary accolades.
It follows the story of Zhang Juzheng, the famous politician who led the reform of the economy and of official evaluations during the reign of the Ming Dynasty Emperor Wanli.
* Zhang Juzheng is widely considered to have carried out one of the most important and influential reforms in the history of China, although he is also seen as controversial.
His benevolent rule and strong foreign and economic policies are generally considered by Chinese and Western historians to have brought the Ming Dynasty to its peak.
At a young age, Zhang was renowned as a prodigy.He passed the preliminary county level keju test at the age of 12 and enrolled for the provincial examinations the following year. But the chief examiner failed him in order to prevent him from becoming arrogant (傲慢的). Finally,he passed the Imperial Examinations at 22. Knowing his first failure was planned by the chief examiner, he did not hate him but was thankful to him for causing such frustration.
Zhang's story is closely linked with that of another major character, Emperor Wanli. In 1573, 10- year- old Zhu Yijun became the 14th emperor of the Ming Dynasty,taking Wanli as the title of his reign. It was his mother, the empress dowager Li, who suggested that he take Zhang as a teacher.
The relationship between Zhang and Emperor Wanli is complicated. Zhang taught the young emperor and served him. However, as he grew older, the emperor had his own ambitions.
After Zhang's death, many people who hated him for his power, began to criticize and condemn him. The emperor had already retaken full control of the country,and sided with the accusers.Two years after his adviser's death, he criticized Zhang's family seriously,confiscating(没收) all their assets and overturning the record of Zhang's reforms.
1 What is Zhang Juzheng famous for
A. Literary works. B. Military strategies.
C. Economic reforms. D. Scientific achievements.
2 Why did Zhang Juzheng fail his first provincial examinations
He wasn't well prepared.
B. He didn't perform well enough.
C. The chief examiner hated him for his arrogance.
D. The chief examiner wanted to teach him a lesson.
3 How did Emperor Wanli's attitude toward Zhang Juzheng change
A. From doubt to trust. B. From hope to despair.
C. From respect to hatred. D. From gratitude to sympathy.
4 What happened to Zhang Juzheng after his death
A. He was unfairly treated. B. He was thought highly of.
C. His policies were still carried out. D. His name was completely forgotten.
Passage 3 七选五阅读
主题语境：著名诗人 语篇类型：说明文 词数: 248 建议用时：8分钟
The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of Chinese poetry. * In the number of poems and variety of forms,in the beauty of imagery and broadness of themes,Tang poetry surpassed that of all ages before the Tang Dynasty. 1 .
Li Bai was born in Suiye in Central Asia, which belonged to Tang Empire.
He wrote as many as 900 poems. Some of them describe the life of the people; some describe the magnificent scenery he saw; others express his own wishes and sorrows. 2 . That is why he is called a romantic poet.
Du Fu was born in Gong County, Henan. He began to write poems about the sufferings of the poor.Deep sympathy for the people is one of the main characteristics of Du Fu's poems. In this respect he surpassed all earlier poets. 3 , for they reflect the political and military situation of his time, and the life and miseries of the people. He pushed the tradition of realism in poetry to a new level.
Two years after Du Fu died, another great poet was born. Bai Juyi, the son of a petty official, was born in Xinzheng, Henan. Bai Juyi wrote more poems than any other Tang poet— nearly 3,000. 4 ,and show signs of Du Fu’ s influence. He also wrote many lyrics expressing his personal feelings. His two long narrative poems—— The Everlasting Sorrow and The Song of a Pipa Player—— are among the best known. 5 , which ordinary readers can understand.
阅读短文，从选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A. His poems have been called“poetic history”
B. He did well in imperial examinations and became an official
C. Many of them deal with important social and political problems
D. Among the most famous Tang poets are Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi
E. His poems are famous for unusual imagination and free expression of feelings
F. Tang Dynasty poets composed more poems than all poets in the preceding 2,000 years did
G. Many of his poems have deep meanings, and they are written in simple and plain language.
Passage 4完形填空
主题语境：杰出人物 语篇类型：记叙文 词数:273 建议用时：12分钟
* Sun Wu, also known as Sun Zi or Sun Tzu, was an ancient Chinese general and military strategist, who was widely believed to be the author of The Art of War.
In 514 BC, Sun moved to the State of Wu to 1 King Helu there. Before naming Sun the general of his military forces, the king decided to give Sun a 2 .
The king asked Sun,“Can you 3 me that your theories about war are 4 What about training a group of maid s in the imperial palace to become soldiers ”
Sun said yes and about 180 5 in front of him.Sun divided them into two teams and named two of the king's favorite maid s as team leaders. Then Sun 6 the two teams of maid s first to look right and then left.However, the maid s 7 it was only a game, so no one paid any 8 to the instruction and kept chatting.
Sun then told them that the first time they 9 to follow the order, it was his own fault because he probably didn't make it 10 about his command. So, he repeated(重申) his command, but the maid s still 11 him. As a consequence, Sun 12 ordered the execution(处决) of the two team leaders.
The king 13 Sun's order, but Sun said that it was he who was in 14 and that in the military, whoever disobeyed orders must be executed.
After the two maid s were killed on the 15 , Sun appointed two new team leaders and restarted the training.This time, the two teams of maid s drilled without flaw.
1 A. serve B. coach C. guide D. impress
2 A. present B. post C. message D. test
3 A. show B. indicate C. tell D. confirm
4 A. important B. flexible C. practical D. popular
5 A. collected B. gathered C. crowded D. appointed
6 A. requested B. demanded C. persuaded D. ordered
7 A. proposed B. suspected C. predicted D. thought
8 A. attention B. price C. measure D. cost
9 A. attempted B. managed C. failed D. desired
10 A. simple B. clear C. useful D. special
11 A. ignored B. declined C. criticized D. doubted
12 A. basically B. immediately C. generally D. naturally
13 A. turned out B. objected to C. set down D. took over
14 A. position B. condition C. supply D. command
15 A. scene B. point C. spot D. sight
Passage 5 语法填空
主题语境：工匠传承 语篇类型：新闻报道 词数:231 建议用时：7分钟
The Luban Workshop has attracted attention from global insiders at the 2024 World Vocational and Technical Education Development Conference in North China's Tianjin Municipality, 1 opened on November 21.
Chinese technical and vocational education is expanding internationally, 2 the Luban Workshop has become a landmark cooperative project in 3 (train) local talents in partner countries. As of November 2024, over 34 Luban Workshops 4 (establish) in 30 countries and regions in the world since the first one was established in Thailand in 2016.
“China is sharing its vocational education experiences 5 other countries and regions all over the world,” Lü Jingquan, the director of the expert committee on Luban Workshop construction, told the Global Times. He also shared that the Luban Workshop not only provided academic education for partner 6 (country), but also improved the local standards of living by enhancing the skills of young people in those communities.
China now has the 7 (large) vocational education system in the world. The Luban Workshop has promoted the development of talent around the world and has become 8 bridge for cultural exchanges.
The Luban Workshop's 9 (popular) is not a coincidence.* It is not a project created by China out of thin air, but is deeply rooted in China's concept of promoting the building of a global community of 10 (share) future and promoting high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative.
阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
考点积累
Passage 1阅读理解A
单词短语
1 complex adj.复杂的
2 incredible adj.难以置信的
3 commonality n.共性；共同特征
4 circumstance n.条件；环境；状况
5 chalk and cheese 截然不同
经典句式
There are special moments in history when the world throws up a torrent of genius.
(There be… in history when…历史上有……在这 时刻/时期……)
Passage 2 阅读理解 B
单词短语
1 prestigious adj.有威望的；声誉高的
2 evaluation n.评价；评估
3 controversial adj.有争议的
4 enroll v.(使)加入；注册；登记
5 complicated adj.复杂的
6 accuser n.控告者；控诉人
经典句式
Zhang's story is closely linked with that of another major character, the Emperor Wanli.
(sb's story is closely linked with…某人的故事与……紧密相连)
Passage 3 七选五阅读
单词短语
1 imagery n.意象
2 magnificent adj.宏伟的；壮丽的
3 respect n.方面
4 surpass v.超越
5 show signs of 显示出；有……迹象
经典句式
Some of them describe the life of the people; some describe the magnificent scenery he saw; others express his own wishes and sorrows.
( Some of them…; some…; others…其中一些……；一些……；另一些……)
Passage 4 完形填空
单词短语
1 military adj.军事的
2 strategist n.战略家
3 imperial adj.帝国的
4 instruction n.指示；命令
5 fault n.错误
6 as a consequence 因此；结果
经典句式
The king objected to Sun's order, but Sun said that it was he who was in command and that in the military,whoever disobeyed orders must be executed.
( it was sb who…是强调句型，whoever 引导主语从句)
Passage 5 语法填空
单词短语
1 insider n.知情人；了解内幕者
2 vocational adj.职业的
3 cooperative adj.合作的
4 coincidence n.巧合
5 initiative n.倡议
经典句式
He also shared that the Luban Workshop not only provided academic education for partner countries,but also improved the local standards of living by enhancing the skills of young people in those communities.
( not only… but also…不但……而且……)
语料积累
1 visionary adj.有远见的
2tragic adj. 悲惨的; 悲剧的
3pioneering adj. 开创性的; 先驱性的
4 groundbreaking adj. 开创性的
5 independence n. 独立
6 national hero 民族英雄
7 scientific discovery科学发现
8 a cultural icon一位文化偶像
9 a military strategist 一位军事战略家
10 a brilliant statesman 一位卓越的政治家
11 rise to power during在……期间掌权
12 play a key role in 在……中发挥了关键作用
13 transform the political landscape 改变了政治格局
14 shape the course of history 影响了历史进程
15 establish a dynasty建立了一个王朝
16 inspire generations of people 激励了几代人
17 advocate for social justice 倡导社会正义
18 lay the foundation for为……奠定了基础
19 have a far-reaching influence on 对……产生深远影响
话题重点句、亮点句
1 Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.【人教版必修1】秦始皇将七个主要诸侯国统一成了一个大一统的国家,在这个国家里，中国的文字系统开始朝着一个方向发展。那套文字系统在团结中国人民和凝聚中国文化方面有着极其重要的意义。
2 Born during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service, so he turned to painting instead. In time, he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists China has ever known.【人教版选择性必修3】唐寅出生于明朝，他尝试考取功名但未能成功，于是转而投身绘画。随着时间的推移，他获得了认可，成为中国历史上最伟大的艺术家之一。
3 Superficially, these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, were polar opposites. And yet they shared an intense respect for nature, which made them each an influential figure of their time.【外研版选择性必修3】从表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近1500年，迥然不同。然而，他们都非常尊重自然，这使得他们在各自的时代都成为有影响力的人物。
4 He spent the next 22 years until his death, working the land in a poor, rural area.【外研版选择性必修3】在之后的22年里，直到生命的尽头，他躬耕于田野，生活在清贫的农村。
5 From his poetry, we can learn that although his life was arduous, he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.【外研版选择性必修3】从他的诗歌中, 我们可以了解到，尽管他的生活艰苦，但他成功地从简朴的生活中找到了满足感，并且从大自然中获得了乐趣。
6 Records of the Grand Historian was my first encounter with Chinese classical literature. After reading it,I realized the true genius of China’ s“Grand Historian”, Sima Qian.【外研版选择性必修4】《史记》是我接触的第一部中国的经典文学作品。通过阅读《史记》，我领略了中国“太史公”司马迁的真正才华。
7 Tang Xianzu and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common themes in their works.【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】汤显祖和莎士比亚是同时代的人，并且都于1616年逝世。虽然他们从未谋面，但他们的作品中有一些共同的主题。

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