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Unit4 The Wonders of Nature
Section A What is amazing about nature
Grammar Focus (4a-4d)
语法课公开课
单元主题范畴：人与自然
单元主题内容：自然景观、自然现象、生态保护；自然世界及其价值
(2024新版)人教版 八年级(下册)
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Learning Objectives
1.掌握形容词和副词的原级、比较级与最高级的核心用法，熟练运用 as...as、比较级+than、the+最高级 等句型，精准完成数字的英文读写与拼写。（学习理解）
2.读懂包含世界地理之最的对话和短文，准确提取地点、数据、特征等关键信息，能将英文数字、地理描述类句子流畅翻译成中文。(学习理解，应用实践)
3运用所学比较级、最高级句型和地理相关词汇，围绕 “比较地理事物”的话题，自主编写问答对话，完成双人互动交流，提升英语综合运用能力。(迁移创新)
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Watch and learn
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Fill and say
What is __________mountain in the world
the highest
It is the __________________.
Mount Qomolangma
_________ is it
How high
It is about 8,848 ____________.
metres high
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Where is __________ point in the ocean
the deepest
It is in the _______________.
Mariana Trench
__________ is it
How deep
It is about 11,000
______________.
metres deep
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Fill and say
Some deep-sea animals are blind, but they can “see” as _____ as others.
well
Mount Qomolangma is one of the ________ wonders of the world, and it is still growing taller.
greatest
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Fill and say
Which river travels __________ in China
the farthest
It is the _____________.
Yangtze River
__________ is it
How long
It is about 6,300
______________.
kilometres long
Do you know what we should use to talk about the geographical facts and compare them with other natural wonders
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Do you know what we should use to talk about the geographical facts and compare them with other natural wonders
1. Talk about geographical facts
size
height
length
depth
measurement
2. Compare them with other natural wonders
How can we introduce a natural wonder
Large numbers
Positives
Comparatives
Superlatives
Different forms of adjectives and adverbs:
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Look and say
Write down the correct numbers according to the geography facts.
1. The surface of the Dead Sea is _______ metres below sea level.
2. The Yangtze River is about ______ kilometres long.
3. The Nile River is ________ kilometres long.
4. Mount Qomolangma is __________ metres high.
5. The Mariana Trench is about _________ metres deep.
6. The Sahara Desert is about ___________ square
kilometres in size.
416
6,300
6,671
8,848.86
11,000
9,000,000
How can we read these numbers
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基数词
定义：表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。
（1）21-99的构成是在整十位的数词后加上个位的数词，中间加上连字符“-”
21
36
twenty-one
thirty-six
98
ninety-eight
（2）101-999的构成要在百位数与十位数之间加and。
158
909
one hundred and fifty-eight
nine hundred and nine
（3）1，000以上的数字，从后向前数，每三位数加一“，”;第一个“，”前为thousand (千)，第二个“，”前为million(百万）…
2,002
35, 456
5,864,327
two thousand and two
thirty-five thousand, four hundred and fifty-six
five million eight hundred and sixty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-seven
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Do you remember how to pronounce these numbers
nine million
eleven thousand
six thousand three hundred
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How can we read large numbers
2
506
112
375
①先从右至左数,每三位
数加一个逗号.(先忽略
小数点及后面部分)
,
,
,
②第一个逗号代表thousand(千),
第二个逗号代表 million(百万),
第三个逗号代表billion(十亿).
thousand
千
million
百万
billion
十亿
two billion,
one hundred and twelve thousand,
three hundred and seventy-five,
. 53
③point+小数
点后逐个读
point
点
point five three
five hundred and six million,
注意:
① 英语中没有“万”这个单位,要表示“万”须借用“千”表示(ten thousand),“十万”用“十个千”表示(one hundred thousand)。
② hundred 后通常加连词 and。若读数中百位数为 0,则在 thousand 后加 and。
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Let’s practice.
2,850
7,129
9,600.50
15,308
2,500,000
12,467
two thousand eight hundred ______ fifty
seven thousand one hundred and __________
nine thousand six hundred _______ five zero
fifteen __________ three ________ and eight
two _______ five hundred __________
twelve thousand four _________ and sixty-seven
thousand
hundred
and
twenty-nine
point
million
thousand
hundred
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01
“hundred, thousand, million”等词与具体的数字“one, two...”连用时，概数词要用单数形式。
five hundred people 五百人；
two thousand books 两千本
“hundred, thousand, million”等词与“of”连用时，概数词要用复数形式，但前面不能再加数字。
hundreds of factories数百家工厂；　thousands of visitors成千上万名游客
表示不确切的数字
表示确切的数字
概数词
1.The number of the cars in our neighbourhood ________ about eight ________.
A．is; hundred B．are; hundred
C．is; hundreds D．are; hundreds
2. Nowadays, _____ birds fly to the warm south in winter.
A.million B.millions
C.two millions D.millions of
02
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Look and say
What’s the highest mountain in the world
Qomolangma
How high is Qomolangma
height 高度
It’s 8,848.86 meters _____.
high
Which is the deepest salt lake in the world
the Caspian Sea
How deep is the Caspian Sea
It’s 1,025 meters ____.
deep
deepth 深度
What’s the biggest desert in the world
the Sahara
How big is the Sahara Desert
It’s about 9,600,00 square kilometers ______.
in size
What’s the longst wall in the world
the Great Wall
How long is the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty
It’s about 8,850 kilometers ______.
long
area 面积
length 长度
Do you know how to ask and express the length, width,height, depth, area, etc.of an objecct
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How high is Qomolangma
How long is Nile River
How deep is Caspian Sea
How big is the Sahara Desert
It’s 8,848.86 meters high.
It’s 6,671 kilometers long.
It’s 1,025 meters deep.
It’s about 9,600,00 square kilometers in size.
It’s+数字+meters/kilometers high.
It’s+数字+meters/kilometers long.
It’s+数字+meters/kilometers deep.
It’s+数字+square meters/kilometers in size.
如何表达物体的长度、宽度、高度、深度等呢？
______+______+___________(long, high, wide, deep…)构成的;
主+be+
基数词
度量词
长\高\宽\深
物体的长、宽、高、深的表达法： 基数词+度量词(meters，kilometers, square kilometers)+形容词(long, wide, high, deep等)。当基数词大于1时，度量词用复数。
Look at these sentences and find out the rules.
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Read and answer
Read the sentences and answer the questions.
如何询问和表达物体的长度、宽度、高度、深度、面积等
如何询问物体的长度、宽度、高度、深度等？
句型： How + long (wide, high, deep, big, heavy…)+谓语+主语+其他？
How wide is the mirror 那面镜子有多宽？
如何表达物体的长度、宽度、高度、深度等呢？
观察：It's about 11,000 meters deep.
______+______+___________(long, high, wide, deep…)构成的;
基数词
度量词
长\高\宽\深
主+be+
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Read and read
Look at the sentences and answer the questions.
如何询问和表达物体的长度、宽度、高度、深度等
如何表达物体的长度、宽度、高度、深度等呢？
物体的长、宽、高、深的表达法： 基数词+度量词(meters，kilometers, square kilometers)+形容词(long, wide, high, deep等)。当基数词大于1时，度量词用复数形式。
还有其它的方法来表达物体的长度、宽度、高度、深度等吗？
也可以用“基数词 + 度量词 + in + 长度或者重量的名词”来表示长度、宽度、高度、深度、面积等。若表示重量，可以用in weight结构。
教室有25英尺长。The classroom is 25 feet in _______.
这个箱子重9公斤。The box is 9 kilos.= The box is 9 kilos in _______.
那座桥有三米高。The bridge is 3 meters in _______.
撒哈拉大沙漠面积九百六十万平方公里。The Sahara is 9,600,000 square kilometers ______.
length
weight
height
in size
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Read and write
Write or spell out the numbers.
4b
Mount Kilimanjaro is ________ (five thousand, eight hundred and ninety-five) metres high.
________ (twenty-five thousand, seven hundred and sixty-eight) cubic metres of water pours down Inga Falls each second.
The East African Rift Valley is about 4,000 (___________) miles long.
The Taklimakan Desert has a total area of about 337,000
(____________________________________) square kilometres.
5,895
25,768
four thousand
Height
Volume
Length
Size
three hundred and thirty-seven thousand
乞力马扎罗山
/ kju b k/ adj. 立方的
因加瀑布
每秒
东非大裂谷
塔克拉玛干沙漠
总面积为……
平方千米
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Read and say
Let’s read a passage about two amazing places. Can you guess what they are
There are two amazing places on earth. The first place is much drier than most other places. It is one of the hottest places during the daytime. The days there are usually sunnier than in most places, but the nights can be colder than you think. Plants are not as common as in other places because water is one of the most difficult things to find here. The second place is greener than almost anywhere else. The rain falls the heaviest in this place. The trees grow taller and thicker than the ones in cities. The air there is much fresher than in other places.
Desert
Rainforest
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Circle and underline
Let’s look and fill in the blanks!
There are two amazing places on earth. The first place is much _____ than most other places. It is one of __________
places the daytime. The days there are usually ________ than in most places, but the nights can be ________ than you think. Plants are not as ________ as in other places because water is one of the most ________ things to find here. The second place is ________ than almost anywhere else. The rain falls the ________ in this place. The trees grow _______ and ________ than the ones in cities. The air there is much ________ than in other places.
the hottest
sunnier
common
colder
greener
heaviest
taller
thicker
fresher
difficult
drier
Circle the adjectives which compare things. Underline the adverbs which compare actions.
Tip:
Adjectives modify nouns, and adverbs modify verbs.
Desert
Rainforest
Positives
Comparatives
Superlatives
概述:
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:原级(positive), 比较级(comparative)和最高级(superlative)。
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Fill and say
Read the sentences.Circle the adjectives which compare things.
Underline the adverbs which compare actions.
4a
adjectives
adverbs
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形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
分类 构成方式 例词
单音节词和部分双音节词
多音节词和部分双音节词
一般情况：
词尾直接加 -er / -est
以字母 e 结尾：
直接加 -r / -st
辅音字母 + y 结尾：
变 y → i，再加 -er / -est
重读闭音节 + 单个辅音结尾：
双写辅音，再加 -er / -est
多音节/部分双音节词:
在词前加 more / most
(1) 规则变化
long → longer → longest
deep → deeper → deepest
large → larger → largest
wide → wider → widest
dry → drier → driest
heavy → heavier → heaviest
hot → hotter → hottest
big → bigger → biggest
difficult → more
difficult → most difficult
amazing → more
amazing → most amazing
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(2)不规则变化
形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
原级 比较级 最高级
good / well
bad / badly
many / much
little (少)
old
far
better
best
more
most
worse
worst
less
least
farther/further
farthest/furthest
older/elder
oldest/eldest
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Look and say
Read the sentences. Find out the sentences with the same degree comparison of adjectives and adverbs(找出形容词副词同级比较的句子).
4a
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Positives 原级
一、形容词和副词的原级(同级比较)句型
尼罗河长得超乎我们的
想象。
马里亚纳海沟深
达11000米。
The Nile is as long as
we can imagine.
The Mariana
Trench is as deep
as 11,000 meters.
肯定结: A + 谓语 + as + 原级 + as + B.
A 和 B 一样……
否定结: A + 谓语 + not as/so + 原级 + as + B.
A 不如 B ……
1. 这个湖泊和这条河流一样清澈。
2. 这个湖泊不如海洋深。
The lake is as clean as the river.
The lake is not as/so deep as the sea.
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1.肯定形式: A和B一样...
A+be 动词+as+形容词原级+as+B
A+实意动词+as+副词原级+as+B
…as +____________________ +as … “和…一样”
A baby panda is ________ a baby elephant.
小熊猫和小象一样可爱。
as cute as
他跑得和苏炳添一样快。
He runs _______ Su Bingtian.
as fast as
Positives 原级
一、形容词和副词的原级(同级比较)句型
原级(形容词副词原形)
2.否定形式: 表示:A不如B
否定形式…________________ … “前者不如后者”
not so\as +原形 +as
A+be 动词+not so/as+形容词原级+as+B
A+don't/doesn't/didn't+实意动词+so/as+副词原级+as+B
This mountain is not ___________ that one.
这座山不如那座山大。
as/so high as
=less+原级+than…
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Positives 原级
一、形容词和副词的原级(同级比较)句型
2.否定形式: 表示:A不如B
否定形式…________________ … “前者不如后者”
not so\as +原形 +as
He cannot run ___________ Will.
他跑得不如Will快。
as/so fast as
Lily ______ study ___________ Amy.
莉莉学习不如艾米努力。
doesn't so/as hard as
=less+原级+than…
倍数+as+原级 +as … “… 是…的几倍；表倍数关系”
3.倍数形式: 表示:A是B的…倍
This sofa is twice ________ that one.
你的房子是我的房子的三倍。（你的房子比我的房子大2倍。）
You house is three times __________ mine.
as large as
这个沙发是那个的两倍。
as big as
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同义句转换
Tom is taller than Sam.
Sam is ______ so tall ______ Tom.
This movie is more boring than that one.
That movie is ______ interesting ______ this one.
She runs faster than me.
I ______ run ______ fast as her.
not
as
not
as
don’t
as
用括号内单词适当形式填空
He is as ____________ (careful) as his brother.
She sings as __________ (good) as a star.
This box is not as ___________ (heavy) as that one.
He doesn’t work as _________ (hard) as you.
careful
well
heavy
hard
Positives 原级
Presentation
Look and say
Read the sentences. Find out the sentences comparing adjectives and adverbs in comparative degrees(找出形容词副词比较级比较的句子).
4a
二、形容词和副词的比较级
比较级用于两者之间的对比，用来表达“一方比另一方更……”的含义，核心结构是：比较级 + than。
长江比黄河更长。
马里亚纳海沟比海洋中
任何其他地方都深得多。
The Yangtze River
is longer than
the Yellow River.
The Mariana Trench is
much deeper than any
other part of the ocean.
要想让比较级表达的语气或程度
更强烈或更温和，可以在形容词/副词
比较级前加 much, even, far, a little,
a bit, a lot 等词来修饰。注意：比较级不能用very, so, too等修饰。
Comparatives 比较级
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zZ
Watch and fill
What doesn’t kill you
makes you__________.
Stand a little__________.
Doesn’t mean I’m lonely when I’m alone.
What doesn’t kill you
makes a fighter.
Footsteps even________.
Doesn’t mean I’m over
cause you’re gone.
What doesn’t kill you
makes you_________ _________.
Just me myself and I
What doesn’t kill you
makes you__________.
Stand a little__________.
Doesn’t mean I’m lonely when I’m alone.
stronger
taller
lighter
stronger
stronger
stronger
taller
Comparatives比较级
要想让比较级表达的语气或程度
更强烈或更温和，可以在形容词/副词
比较级前加 much, even, far, a little,
a bit, a lot 等词来修饰。注意：比较级不能用very, so, too等修饰。
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二、形容词和副词的比较级
1.肯定结构：表示“前者比后者...更”
主语+谓语+比较级+than+比较对象 “…比…如何”
A+be动词+形容词比较级＋ than +B
A+实意动词+副词比较级＋ than +B
My mom got up ___________ me this morning.
我的妈妈今天早晨起床比我更早些。
earlier than
This mountain is much ___________ that one.
这座山比那座山高得多。
higher than
The Yangtze River is a little ______(long) than the
Yellow River.
longer
The Sahara Desert is ________(large) than the Taklimakan Desert.
larger
Comparatives比较级
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二、形容词和副词的比较级
2. A + 谓语动词 + the + 比较级 + of the two.
两者中，A(主语)是较……的一个。
1.这两座沙漠中，撒哈拉沙漠是更大的那一座。
2. 这两条河流中，尼罗河是更长的那一条。
The Sahara is the larger of the two deserts.
The Nile is the longer of the two rivers.
前提：表示“两者”之间进行比较
Comparatives比较级
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二、形容词和副词的比较级
3. Which / Who + 谓语动词 + 比较级, A or B
A 和 B 中，哪一个/谁更……？
前提：表示“两者”之间进行比较
1.珠穆朗玛峰和乞力马扎罗山，哪一座更高？
Which is higher, Qomolangma or Kilimanjaro
2. 尼罗河和亚马逊河，哪一条更长？
Which is longer, the Nile or the Amazon
Which animal walks______, the horse or the turtle
The horse walks faster than the turtle.
faster
Comparatives 比较级
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4. The + 比较级 + 主谓, the + 比较级 + 主谓.
二、形容词和副词的比较级
越……，就越……
前提：表示“两者”之间进行比较
1.山越高，空气就越稀薄。
The higher the mountain is, the thinner the air is.
2. 河流越长，它的流域就越宽广。
The longer the river is, the wider its basin is.
________you work, ________ result you will get.
你学习越努力，你越能取得好结果。
The harder
the better
the+比较级+（名词）+主+谓，the +比较级+（名词）+主+谓。越…，就越… 前面的句子是比较状语从句，用一般现在时，后面的句子是主句，用一般将来时。
Comparatives 比较级
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older
_______________________,
________________________
My parents aren't heroes,
they're just like me
And loving is hard,
it don't always work
You just try your best not to get hurt
I used to be mad,
but now I know
Sometimes it's better to let
someone go
It just hadn't hit me yet
The older I get
The more that I see
the＋比较级
the＋比较级
Comparatives 比较级
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Comparatives 比较级
二、形容词和副词的比较级
5. 比较级 + and + 比较级 / more and more + 原级
越来越……
前提：表示“两者”之间进行比较
1.黄河变得越来越清澈。
The Yellow River is becoming cleaner and cleaner.
2. 这些山脉变得越来越翠绿。
The mountains are getting greener and greener.
当我们靠近时，瀑布
的声音变得越来越响。
随着我们下潜得更深，海水变得越来越冷。
The waterfall is becoming louder and louder as we get closer.
The ocean water is getting colder and colder as we dive deeper.
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Comparatives 比较级
二、形容词和副词的比较级
6. 主语 + 谓语动词 + 比较级 + than any other + 单数名词 + 范围.
=主语 + 谓语动词 + 比较级 + than the other + 复数名词 + 范围.
…比同一范围内其他任何一个都…(比较级表最高级)
前提：表示“两者”之间进行比较
1.长江比中国其他任何河流都长。
The Yangtze is longer than any other river in China.
2. 珠穆朗玛峰比亚洲其他任何山峰都高。
Qomolangma is higher than the other mountains in Asia.
尼罗河比世界上任何
其他河流都更长。
马里亚纳海沟比海洋
中任何其他地方都更深。
The Nile is the longest river in the world.
The Nile is longer than
any other river in the world.
The Mariana Trench is deeper
than any other place in the ocean.
The Mariana Trench is the deepest place in the ocean.
“比较级 + than any other + 单数可数名词” 意为“比其他任何一个…都……”，该结构可与 “the + 最高级” 互换。
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Look and say
7. “数词 + times + 比较级 + than” 表示“……是……的几倍”。
Look and say
Comparatives 比较级
二、形容词和副词的比较级
前提：表示“两者”之间进行比较
尼罗河是这条河的两倍长。
这座小山比那座大山矮三倍。
The Nile is two times longer than this river.
This hill is three times shorter
than that mountain.
这个结构还可以变换为：倍数+as+原级 +as … “… 是…的几倍”的形式。
The Nile is three times as long as this river.
This hill is four times as short as that mountain.
Presentation
Choose and fill
单项选择
1.China is ______ than any other country in Asia.
A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest
2.This book is ______ interesting than that one. I don’t like it.
A. less B. more C. most D. the most
3.The new bridge is ______ the old one.
A. three times as wide as B. three times wider than
C. as three times wide as D. wider three times than
同义句转换
1.Tom is taller than Sam. Sam is ______ so tall ________ Tom.
2. This room is not as clean as that one. That room is ________ than this one.
3. The river is 10 meters wide. That river is 20 meters wide.
That river is ______ ______ ______ this one.
not as / so
cleaner
twice wider than
Comparatives 比较级
Presentation
Read and say
Read the sentences. Find out the sentences superlatives adjectives and adverbs in comparative degrees(找出形容词副词最高级比较的句子).
4a
形容词和副词的最高级常用于______或
_________的人或事(物)之间的比较。在句中
使用时,形容词最高级前必须加_____.句中常
含有表示比较范围的介词_____或_____。
常用的句型结构为:
三者以上
三者
the
in
of
The girl with red hair is the tallest in our class.
(girl和class是不同类的的)
He is the tallest of these boys.(boys和he是
同类的的,he就是boy)
Superlatives最高级
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Look and say
三、形容词和副词的最高级
Superlatives最高级
1. 主语 + 谓语动词 + (the) + 最高级 + 范围.
……在某范围内最……
1.亚马逊河在南美洲流程最远。
The Amazon
2. 里海是世界上最大的湖泊。
The Caspian Sea is the largest lake in the world.
前提：表示“三者或三者以上”之间进行比较
【注意】 介词of/among后接同句子的主语属于同一个概念范畴的名词或代词；而介词in后常接表示组织、团体之类的集体名词。
River travels (the) farthest in South America.
She jumps ____________(far) of the three.
(the) farthest
最高级前有物主代词、
名词所有格等修饰时，其前不加the.The Yangtze River is China's longest river.
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Look and say
三、形容词和副词的最高级
Superlatives最高级
2. 主语 + 谓语动词 + one of the + adj.最高级 + 复数名词 + 范围.
…是最…之一
前提：表示“三者或三者以上”之间进行比较
1.维多利亚瀑布是世界上最美的瀑布之一。
Victoria Falls is one of the most beautiful waterfalls in the world.
2. 科罗拉多大峡谷是世界上最壮观的自然奇观之一。
The Great Canyon is one of the most wonderful natural wonders in the world.
一般来说，one of后面跟形容词最高级，后面的名词用复数形式。
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Look and say
三、形容词和副词的最高级
Superlatives最高级
3. 主语 + 谓语动词 + the + 序数词 + adj.最高级 + 名词 + 范围.
…是第几最…的
前提：表示“三者或三者以上”之间进行比较
1.长江是世界上第三长的河流。
The Yangtze is the third longest river in the world.
2. 黄河是中国第二长的河流。
The Yellow River is the second longest
river in China.
珠穆朗玛峰是亚洲第二高的山峰。
Mount Everest is the second highest mountain in Asia.
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Look and say
三、形容词和副词的最高级
Superlatives最高级
4. Which + 谓语动词 + (the) + 最高级, A, B or C
A、B、C 中，哪一个最……？
前提：表示“三者或三者以上”之间进行比较
1.尼罗河、长江、亚马逊河，哪一条最长？
Which is the longest, the Nile, the Yangtze or the Amazon
2. 珠穆朗玛峰、乞力马扎罗山、勃朗峰，哪一座最高？
Which is the highest, Qomolangma, Kilimanjaro or Mont Blanc
Who runs __________(fast), Tom, Bill or Ben
(the) fastest
表示“非常”的most前
不加the。He is a most interesting man.
他是个非常有趣的人。
副词最高级前的the可以省略。Jim jumps (the) highest.
形容词最高级作表语时，the可以省略.This desert is (the) largest in Asia.
Presentation
Watch and say
If I fail, if I succeed
At least I lived as I believe
No matter what they take from me
They can't take away my dignity
Because________________ love of
All is happening to me
I found _________________ love of all inside of me
_________________love of all is
easy to achieve
Learning to love yourself
Is _________________ love of all
Superlatives最高级
the greatest
the greatest
the greatest
the greatest
形容词最高级
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Look and say
三、原级、比较级与最高级之间的转换
拓展: 形容词与副词的最高级可与 “比较级 + than any other + 单数名词”
或 “比较级 + than the other + 复数名词”进行相互转换.
1.长江比中国其他任何河流都长。
2. 珠穆朗玛峰比亚洲其他任何山峰都高。
=The Yangtze is the longest river in China.
=Qomolangma is the highest mountain in Asia.
The Yangtze is longer than any other river in China.
Qomolangma is higher than the other mountains in Asia.
（1）最高级与比较级之间的转换
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三、原级、比较级与最高级之间的转换
（2）原级(as...as结构)和最高级的转换
No ocean in the world is as big as the Pacific Ocean.
太平洋是世界上最大的海洋。
=The Pacific Ocean is ____ ________ ocean in the world.
the biggest
My father is the tallest one in my family.
My father is taller than any other member in my family.
My father is taller than the other members in my family.
Can you translate
我的爸爸比我的家里其他任何成员都更高。
我的爸爸比我的家里其他任何成员都更高。
我的爸爸是家庭里最高的一个。
名词单数
名词复数
最高级
The movie is the most interesting of all.
这部电影是所有电影中最有趣的。
=The movie is more interesting than _____ ______ movie.
=The movie is more interesting than ____ ______ movies.
any other
the other
最高级的两种表达方式（同义不同形)：
比较级+than any other+可数名词单数”
=“比较级+than the other+可数名词复数”表示“比其他任何……都……”表示最高级含义， 可与表示最高级的句子进行转换。
Presentation
Look and say
Do you remember how to compare them
the Yangtze River
6,300 km
the Yellow River
5,464 km
the Nile
6,671 km
as...as...
longer than...
longest of/in...
The Yellow River is not as long as the Yangtze River.
The Nile is much longer than the Yellow River.
The Nile is the longest of the three.
Presentation
Watch and learn
Victoria Falls
Presentation
Fill and say
4c
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
My friends and I visited Victoria Falls in
Africa last year. Visiting one of the world’s
______________ waterfalls was a magical
experience. As we went __________ to the
falls, the noise of the water slowly grew
__________ and louder. Then, right before
our eyes, the waterfall appeared. It went on
for as ___________ as the eye could see. Later, we sat in a special pool at the
top of the falls. There, we felt the water rush past us and become a part of the
waterfall. It was the scariest but also the ________________ experience of our trip!
large　 amazing 　far　 close 　loud
largest
closer
louder
far
most amazing
one of the + 最高级+cn复数
went closer 走近
比较级+and+比较级
as +原级+as
the+最高级+范围
/pu l/ n. 池塘；水坑
How does the writer make the description vivid
Tip:
Find the answer by looking for “sensory words” — words that tell us what we see, hear, and feel.
Victoria Falls
维多利亚瀑布
Presentation
Watch and check
Presentation
Read and analyze
4c
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
large　 amazing 　far　 close 　loud
My friends and I visited Victoria Falls in
Africa last year. Visiting one of the world’s
______________ waterfalls was a magical
experience. As we went __________ to the
falls, the noise of the water slowly grew
__________ and louder. Then, right before
our eyes, the waterfall appeared. It went on
for as ___________ as the eye could see. Later, we sat in a special pool at the
top of the falls. There, we felt the water rush past us and become a part of the
waterfall. It was the scariest but also the ________________ experience of our trip!
largest
closer
louder
far
most amazing
Hearing(听觉)
Sight(视觉)
它延伸得很远,一眼望不到边.
Touch(触觉)
Presentation
Write and talk
4d
Write some questions to compare places.
Then ask a partner your questions.
What is the highest ...
Which park is bigger, ... or ...
What is the deepest ...
What is the most famous ...
Which ... is longer, ... or ...
Which ... is higher, ... or ...
Is ... as deep as ...
Is ... as amazing as ...
Presentation
Write and talk
4d
Write some questions to compare places. Then ask a partner your questions.
Show Time
A: Which park is bigger, Yellowstone National Park or Sanjiangyuan
National Park
B: Sanjiangyuan National Park is much bigger. It covers around 123,100
square kilometres. Yellowstone is around 9,000 square kilometres.
A: What is the longest river in the world
B: The Nile is the longest river in the world.
A: Which is the largest desert in the world
B: The Sahara is the largest desert in the world.
A: That’s interesting. And what is the highest building in our city
B: In our city, the highest building is a hospital.
Evaluation:
Cover the main points.
No grammatical errors.
Speak fluently.
Body language.
Presentation
Think an dsay
"When you see these numbers, do you see just math, or do you see the heartbeat of our Earth
" 当你看到这些数字时，你看到的只是数学，还是地球的脉搏？
The world is big,
but our home is small.
Protect the wonders, protect ourselves.
Presentation
Class test
1. The Sahara Desert is the __________ (big) desert in the world.
2. The Mariana Trench is the __________ (deep) point in the ocean.
3. Mount Qomolangma is still growing __________ (tall).
4. The Yangtze River travels the __________ (far) in China.
5. Some blind animals can "see" as __________ (good) as others.
一、 用单词的正确形式填空。
biggest
deepest
taller
farthest
well
Presentation
Class test
1. 世界上最大的沙漠是什么？
What is the __________ __________ in the world
2. 它的面积约为9,000,000平方公里。
It is about 9,000,000 square kilometres __________ __________.
3. 海洋中最深的点在哪里？
Where is the __________ __________ in the ocean
4. 珠穆朗玛峰还在变得更高。
Mount Qomolangma is still __________ __________.
5. 长江在中国流得最远，长约6300公里。
The Yangtze River travels the __________ in China and is about 6,300 kilometres __________.
二、 根据汉语意思完成句子（每空一词）
biggest desert
growing taller
in size
deepest point
farthest
long
Presentation
Choose two natural wonders you know and compare them in detail using comparatives and superlatives, then share your findings with your classmates next time.
Must-do
Choose-to-do
Write a short paragraph to describe your favourite natural wonder, using at least three comparatives and two superlatives.
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
兼职招聘：
https://www.21cnjy.com/recruitment/home/admin(共61张PPT)
Presentation
Unit4 The Wonders of Nature
Section A What is amazing about nature
Grammar Focus (4a-4d)
语法课公开课
单元主题范畴：人与自然
单元主题内容：自然景观、自然现象、生态保护；自然世界及其价值
(2024新版)人教版 八年级(下册)
Presentation
Learning Objectives
1.掌握形容词和副词的原级、比较级与最高级的核心用法，熟练运用 as...as、比较级+than、the+最高级 等句型，精准完成数字的英文读写与拼写。（学习理解）
2.读懂包含世界地理之最的对话和短文，准确提取地点、数据、特征等关键信息，能将英文数字、地理描述类句子流畅翻译成中文。(学习理解，应用实践)
3运用所学比较级、最高级句型和地理相关词汇，围绕 “比较地理事物”的话题，自主编写问答对话，完成双人互动交流，提升英语综合运用能力。(迁移创新)
Presentation
Watch and learn
Presentation
Fill and say
What is __________mountain in the world
the highest
It is the __________________.
Mount Qomolangma
_________ is it
How high
It is about 8,848 ____________.
metres high
Presentation
Fill and say
Where is __________ point in the ocean
the deepest
It is in the _______________.
Mariana Trench
__________ is it
How deep
It is about 11,000
______________.
metres deep
Presentation
Fill and say
Some deep-sea animals are blind, but they can “see” as _____ as others.
well
Mount Qomolangma is one of the ________ wonders of the world, and it is still growing taller.
greatest
Presentation
Fill and say
Which river travels __________ in China
the farthest
It is the _____________.
Yangtze River
__________ is it
How long
It is about 6,300
______________.
kilometres long
Do you know what we should use to talk about the geographical facts and compare them with other natural wonders
Presentation
Look and say
Do you know what we should use to talk about the geographical facts and compare them with other natural wonders
1. Talk about geographical facts
size
height
length
depth
measurement
2. Compare them with other natural wonders
How can we introduce a natural wonder
Large numbers
Positives
Comparatives
Superlatives
Different forms of adjectives and adverbs:
Presentation
Look and say
Write down the correct numbers according to the geography facts.
1. The surface of the Dead Sea is _______ metres below sea level.
2. The Yangtze River is about ______ kilometres long.
3. The Nile River is ________ kilometres long.
4. Mount Qomolangma is __________ metres high.
5. The Mariana Trench is about _________ metres deep.
6. The Sahara Desert is about ___________ square
kilometres in size.
416
6,300
6,671
8,848.86
11,000
9,000,000
How can we read these numbers
Presentation
Watch and learn
Presentation
Look and learn
基数词
定义：表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。
（1）21-99的构成是在整十位的数词后加上个位的数词，中间加上连字符“-”
21
36
twenty-one
thirty-six
98
ninety-eight
（2）101-999的构成要在百位数与十位数之间加and。
158
909
one hundred and fifty-eight
nine hundred and nine
（3）1，000以上的数字，从后向前数，每三位数加一“，”;第一个“，”前为thousand (千)，第二个“，”前为million(百万）…
2,002
35, 456
5,864,327
two thousand and two
thirty-five thousand, four hundred and fifty-six
five million eight hundred and sixty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-seven
Presentation
Look and read
Do you remember how to pronounce these numbers
nine million
eleven thousand
six thousand three hundred
Presentation
Look and read
How can we read large numbers
2
506
112
375
①先从右至左数,每三位
数加一个逗号.(先忽略
小数点及后面部分)
,
,
,
②第一个逗号代表thousand(千),
第二个逗号代表 million(百万),
第三个逗号代表billion(十亿).
thousand
千
million
百万
billion
十亿
two billion,
one hundred and twelve thousand,
three hundred and seventy-five,
. 53
③point+小数
点后逐个读
point
点
point five three
five hundred and six million,
注意:
① 英语中没有“万”这个单位,要表示“万”须借用“千”表示(ten thousand),“十万”用“十个千”表示(one hundred thousand)。
② hundred 后通常加连词 and。若读数中百位数为 0,则在 thousand 后加 and。
Presentation
Look and read
Let’s practice.
2,850
7,129
9,600.50
15,308
2,500,000
12,467
two thousand eight hundred ______ fifty
seven thousand one hundred and __________
nine thousand six hundred _______ five zero
fifteen __________ three ________ and eight
two _______ five hundred __________
twelve thousand four _________ and sixty-seven
thousand
hundred
and
twenty-nine
point
million
thousand
hundred
Presentation
Look and learn
01
“hundred, thousand, million”等词与具体的数字“one, two...”连用时，概数词要用单数形式。
five hundred people 五百人；
two thousand books 两千本
“hundred, thousand, million”等词与“of”连用时，概数词要用复数形式，但前面不能再加数字。
hundreds of factories数百家工厂；　thousands of visitors成千上万名游客
表示不确切的数字
表示确切的数字
概数词
1.The number of the cars in our neighbourhood ________ about eight ________.
A．is; hundred B．are; hundred
C．is; hundreds D．are; hundreds
2. Nowadays, _____ birds fly to the warm south in winter.
A.million B.millions
C.two millions D.millions of
02
Presentation
Look and say
What’s the highest mountain in the world
Qomolangma
How high is Qomolangma
height 高度
It’s 8,848.86 meters _____.
high
Which is the deepest salt lake in the world
the Caspian Sea
How deep is the Caspian Sea
It’s 1,025 meters ____.
deep
deepth 深度
What’s the biggest desert in the world
the Sahara
How big is the Sahara Desert
It’s about 9,600,00 square kilometers ______.
in size
What’s the longst wall in the world
the Great Wall
How long is the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty
It’s about 8,850 kilometers ______.
long
area 面积
length 长度
Do you know how to ask and express the length, width,height, depth, area, etc.of an objecct
Presentation
Look and say
How high is Qomolangma
How long is Nile River
How deep is Caspian Sea
How big is the Sahara Desert
It’s 8,848.86 meters high.
It’s 6,671 kilometers long.
It’s 1,025 meters deep.
It’s about 9,600,00 square kilometers in size.
It’s+数字+meters/kilometers high.
It’s+数字+meters/kilometers long.
It’s+数字+meters/kilometers deep.
It’s+数字+square meters/kilometers in size.
如何表达物体的长度、宽度、高度、深度等呢？
______+______+___________(long, high, wide, deep…)构成的;
主+be+
基数词
度量词
长\高\宽\深
物体的长、宽、高、深的表达法： 基数词+度量词(meters，kilometers, square kilometers)+形容词(long, wide, high, deep等)。当基数词大于1时，度量词用复数。
Look at these sentences and find out the rules.
Presentation
Read and answer
Read the sentences and answer the questions.
如何询问和表达物体的长度、宽度、高度、深度、面积等
如何询问物体的长度、宽度、高度、深度等？
句型： How + long (wide, high, deep, big, heavy…)+谓语+主语+其他？
How wide is the mirror 那面镜子有多宽？
如何表达物体的长度、宽度、高度、深度等呢？
观察：It's about 11,000 meters deep.
______+______+___________(long, high, wide, deep…)构成的;
基数词
度量词
长\高\宽\深
主+be+
Presentation
Read and read
Look at the sentences and answer the questions.
如何询问和表达物体的长度、宽度、高度、深度等
如何表达物体的长度、宽度、高度、深度等呢？
物体的长、宽、高、深的表达法： 基数词+度量词(meters，kilometers, square kilometers)+形容词(long, wide, high, deep等)。当基数词大于1时，度量词用复数形式。
还有其它的方法来表达物体的长度、宽度、高度、深度等吗？
也可以用“基数词 + 度量词 + in + 长度或者重量的名词”来表示长度、宽度、高度、深度、面积等。若表示重量，可以用in weight结构。
教室有25英尺长。The classroom is 25 feet in _______.
这个箱子重9公斤。The box is 9 kilos.= The box is 9 kilos in _______.
那座桥有三米高。The bridge is 3 meters in _______.
撒哈拉大沙漠面积九百六十万平方公里。The Sahara is 9,600,000 square kilometers ______.
length
weight
height
in size
Presentation
Read and write
Write or spell out the numbers.
4b
Mount Kilimanjaro is ________ (five thousand, eight hundred and ninety-five) metres high.
________ (twenty-five thousand, seven hundred and sixty-eight) cubic metres of water pours down Inga Falls each second.
The East African Rift Valley is about 4,000 (___________) miles long.
The Taklimakan Desert has a total area of about 337,000
(____________________________________) square kilometres.
5,895
25,768
four thousand
Height
Volume
Length
Size
three hundred and thirty-seven thousand
乞力马扎罗山
/ kju b k/ adj. 立方的
因加瀑布
每秒
东非大裂谷
塔克拉玛干沙漠
总面积为……
平方千米
Presentation
Read and say
Let’s read a passage about two amazing places. Can you guess what they are
There are two amazing places on earth. The first place is much drier than most other places. It is one of the hottest places during the daytime. The days there are usually sunnier than in most places, but the nights can be colder than you think. Plants are not as common as in other places because water is one of the most difficult things to find here. The second place is greener than almost anywhere else. The rain falls the heaviest in this place. The trees grow taller and thicker than the ones in cities. The air there is much fresher than in other places.
Desert
Rainforest
Presentation
Circle and underline
Let’s look and fill in the blanks!
There are two amazing places on earth. The first place is much _____ than most other places. It is one of __________
places the daytime. The days there are usually ________ than in most places, but the nights can be ________ than you think. Plants are not as ________ as in other places because water is one of the most ________ things to find here. The second place is ________ than almost anywhere else. The rain falls the ________ in this place. The trees grow _______ and ________ than the ones in cities. The air there is much ________ than in other places.
the hottest
sunnier
common
colder
greener
heaviest
taller
thicker
fresher
difficult
drier
Circle the adjectives which compare things. Underline the adverbs which compare actions.
Tip:
Adjectives modify nouns, and adverbs modify verbs.
Desert
Rainforest
Positives
Comparatives
Superlatives
概述:
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:原级(positive), 比较级(comparative)和最高级(superlative)。
Presentation
Fill and say
Read the sentences.Circle the adjectives which compare things.
Underline the adverbs which compare actions.
4a
adjectives
adverbs
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形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
分类 构成方式 例词
单音节词和部分双音节词
多音节词和部分双音节词
一般情况：
词尾直接加 -er / -est
以字母 e 结尾：
直接加 -r / -st
辅音字母 + y 结尾：
变 y → i，再加 -er / -est
重读闭音节 + 单个辅音结尾：
双写辅音，再加 -er / -est
多音节/部分双音节词:
在词前加 more / most
(1) 规则变化
long → longer → longest
deep → deeper → deepest
large → larger → largest
wide → wider → widest
dry → drier → driest
heavy → heavier → heaviest
hot → hotter → hottest
big → bigger → biggest
difficult → more
difficult → most difficult
amazing → more
amazing → most amazing
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(2)不规则变化
形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
原级 比较级 最高级
good / well
bad / badly
many / much
little (少)
old
far
better
best
more
most
worse
worst
less
least
farther/further
farthest/furthest
older/elder
oldest/eldest
Presentation
Look and say
Read the sentences. Find out the sentences with the same degree comparison of adjectives and adverbs(找出形容词副词同级比较的句子).
4a
Presentation
Look and say
Positives 原级
一、形容词和副词的原级(同级比较)句型
尼罗河长得超乎我们的
想象。
马里亚纳海沟深
达11000米。
The Nile is as long as
we can imagine.
The Mariana
Trench is as deep
as 11,000 meters.
肯定结: A + 谓语 + as + 原级 + as + B.
A 和 B 一样……
否定结: A + 谓语 + not as/so + 原级 + as + B.
A 不如 B ……
1. 这个湖泊和这条河流一样清澈。
2. 这个湖泊不如海洋深。
The lake is as clean as the river.
The lake is not as/so deep as the sea.
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1.肯定形式: A和B一样...
A+be 动词+as+形容词原级+as+B
A+实意动词+as+副词原级+as+B
…as +____________________ +as … “和…一样”
A baby panda is ________ a baby elephant.
小熊猫和小象一样可爱。
as cute as
他跑得和苏炳添一样快。
He runs _______ Su Bingtian.
as fast as
Positives 原级
一、形容词和副词的原级(同级比较)句型
原级(形容词副词原形)
2.否定形式: 表示:A不如B
否定形式…________________ … “前者不如后者”
not so\as +原形 +as
A+be 动词+not so/as+形容词原级+as+B
A+don't/doesn't/didn't+实意动词+so/as+副词原级+as+B
This mountain is not ___________ that one.
这座山不如那座山大。
as/so high as
=less+原级+than…
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Positives 原级
一、形容词和副词的原级(同级比较)句型
2.否定形式: 表示:A不如B
否定形式…________________ … “前者不如后者”
not so\as +原形 +as
He cannot run ___________ Will.
他跑得不如Will快。
as/so fast as
Lily ______ study ___________ Amy.
莉莉学习不如艾米努力。
doesn't so/as hard as
=less+原级+than…
倍数+as+原级 +as … “… 是…的几倍；表倍数关系”
3.倍数形式: 表示:A是B的…倍
This sofa is twice ________ that one.
你的房子是我的房子的三倍。（你的房子比我的房子大2倍。）
You house is three times __________ mine.
as large as
这个沙发是那个的两倍。
as big as
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同义句转换
Tom is taller than Sam.
Sam is ______ so tall ______ Tom.
This movie is more boring than that one.
That movie is ______ interesting ______ this one.
She runs faster than me.
I ______ run ______ fast as her.
not
as
not
as
don’t
as
用括号内单词适当形式填空
He is as ____________ (careful) as his brother.
She sings as __________ (good) as a star.
This box is not as ___________ (heavy) as that one.
He doesn’t work as _________ (hard) as you.
careful
well
heavy
hard
Positives 原级
Presentation
Look and say
Read the sentences. Find out the sentences comparing adjectives and adverbs in comparative degrees(找出形容词副词比较级比较的句子).
4a
二、形容词和副词的比较级
比较级用于两者之间的对比，用来表达“一方比另一方更……”的含义，核心结构是：比较级 + than。
长江比黄河更长。
马里亚纳海沟比海洋中
任何其他地方都深得多。
The Yangtze River
is longer than
the Yellow River.
The Mariana Trench is
much deeper than any
other part of the ocean.
要想让比较级表达的语气或程度
更强烈或更温和，可以在形容词/副词
比较级前加 much, even, far, a little,
a bit, a lot 等词来修饰。注意：比较级不能用very, so, too等修饰。
Comparatives 比较级
Presentation
zZ
Watch and fill
What doesn’t kill you
makes you__________.
Stand a little__________.
Doesn’t mean I’m lonely when I’m alone.
What doesn’t kill you
makes a fighter.
Footsteps even________.
Doesn’t mean I’m over
cause you’re gone.
What doesn’t kill you
makes you_________ _________.
Just me myself and I
What doesn’t kill you
makes you__________.
Stand a little__________.
Doesn’t mean I’m lonely when I’m alone.
stronger
taller
lighter
stronger
stronger
stronger
taller
Comparatives比较级
要想让比较级表达的语气或程度
更强烈或更温和，可以在形容词/副词
比较级前加 much, even, far, a little,
a bit, a lot 等词来修饰。注意：比较级不能用very, so, too等修饰。
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二、形容词和副词的比较级
1.肯定结构：表示“前者比后者...更”
主语+谓语+比较级+than+比较对象 “…比…如何”
A+be动词+形容词比较级＋ than +B
A+实意动词+副词比较级＋ than +B
My mom got up ___________ me this morning.
我的妈妈今天早晨起床比我更早些。
earlier than
This mountain is much ___________ that one.
这座山比那座山高得多。
higher than
The Yangtze River is a little ______(long) than the
Yellow River.
longer
The Sahara Desert is ________(large) than the Taklimakan Desert.
larger
Comparatives比较级
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二、形容词和副词的比较级
2. A + 谓语动词 + the + 比较级 + of the two.
两者中，A(主语)是较……的一个。
1.这两座沙漠中，撒哈拉沙漠是更大的那一座。
2. 这两条河流中，尼罗河是更长的那一条。
The Sahara is the larger of the two deserts.
The Nile is the longer of the two rivers.
前提：表示“两者”之间进行比较
Comparatives比较级
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二、形容词和副词的比较级
3. Which / Who + 谓语动词 + 比较级, A or B
A 和 B 中，哪一个/谁更……？
前提：表示“两者”之间进行比较
1.珠穆朗玛峰和乞力马扎罗山，哪一座更高？
Which is higher, Qomolangma or Kilimanjaro
2. 尼罗河和亚马逊河，哪一条更长？
Which is longer, the Nile or the Amazon
Which animal walks______, the horse or the turtle
The horse walks faster than the turtle.
faster
Comparatives 比较级
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4. The + 比较级 + 主谓, the + 比较级 + 主谓.
二、形容词和副词的比较级
越……，就越……
前提：表示“两者”之间进行比较
1.山越高，空气就越稀薄。
The higher the mountain is, the thinner the air is.
2. 河流越长，它的流域就越宽广。
The longer the river is, the wider its basin is.
________you work, ________ result you will get.
你学习越努力，你越能取得好结果。
The harder
the better
the+比较级+（名词）+主+谓，the +比较级+（名词）+主+谓。越…，就越… 前面的句子是比较状语从句，用一般现在时，后面的句子是主句，用一般将来时。
Comparatives 比较级
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Watch and say
older
_______________________,
________________________
My parents aren't heroes,
they're just like me
And loving is hard,
it don't always work
You just try your best not to get hurt
I used to be mad,
but now I know
Sometimes it's better to let
someone go
It just hadn't hit me yet
The older I get
The more that I see
the＋比较级
the＋比较级
Comparatives 比较级
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Look and say
Comparatives 比较级
二、形容词和副词的比较级
5. 比较级 + and + 比较级 / more and more + 原级
越来越……
前提：表示“两者”之间进行比较
1.黄河变得越来越清澈。
The Yellow River is becoming cleaner and cleaner.
2. 这些山脉变得越来越翠绿。
The mountains are getting greener and greener.
当我们靠近时，瀑布
的声音变得越来越响。
随着我们下潜得更深，海水变得越来越冷。
The waterfall is becoming louder and louder as we get closer.
The ocean water is getting colder and colder as we dive deeper.
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Look and say
Comparatives 比较级
二、形容词和副词的比较级
6. 主语 + 谓语动词 + 比较级 + than any other + 单数名词 + 范围.
=主语 + 谓语动词 + 比较级 + than the other + 复数名词 + 范围.
…比同一范围内其他任何一个都…(比较级表最高级)
前提：表示“两者”之间进行比较
1.长江比中国其他任何河流都长。
The Yangtze is longer than any other river in China.
2. 珠穆朗玛峰比亚洲其他任何山峰都高。
Qomolangma is higher than the other mountains in Asia.
尼罗河比世界上任何
其他河流都更长。
马里亚纳海沟比海洋
中任何其他地方都更深。
The Nile is the longest river in the world.
The Nile is longer than
any other river in the world.
The Mariana Trench is deeper
than any other place in the ocean.
The Mariana Trench is the deepest place in the ocean.
“比较级 + than any other + 单数可数名词” 意为“比其他任何一个…都……”，该结构可与 “the + 最高级” 互换。
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7. “数词 + times + 比较级 + than” 表示“……是……的几倍”。
Look and say
Comparatives 比较级
二、形容词和副词的比较级
前提：表示“两者”之间进行比较
尼罗河是这条河的两倍长。
这座小山比那座大山矮三倍。
The Nile is two times longer than this river.
This hill is three times shorter
than that mountain.
这个结构还可以变换为：倍数+as+原级 +as … “… 是…的几倍”的形式。
The Nile is three times as long as this river.
This hill is four times as short as that mountain.
Presentation
Choose and fill
单项选择
1.China is ______ than any other country in Asia.
A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest
2.This book is ______ interesting than that one. I don’t like it.
A. less B. more C. most D. the most
3.The new bridge is ______ the old one.
A. three times as wide as B. three times wider than
C. as three times wide as D. wider three times than
同义句转换
1.Tom is taller than Sam. Sam is ______ so tall ________ Tom.
2. This room is not as clean as that one. That room is ________ than this one.
3. The river is 10 meters wide. That river is 20 meters wide.
That river is ______ ______ ______ this one.
not as / so
cleaner
twice wider than
Comparatives 比较级
Presentation
Read and say
Read the sentences. Find out the sentences superlatives adjectives and adverbs in comparative degrees(找出形容词副词最高级比较的句子).
4a
形容词和副词的最高级常用于______或
_________的人或事(物)之间的比较。在句中
使用时,形容词最高级前必须加_____.句中常
含有表示比较范围的介词_____或_____。
常用的句型结构为:
三者以上
三者
the
in
of
The girl with red hair is the tallest in our class.
(girl和class是不同类的的)
He is the tallest of these boys.(boys和he是
同类的的,he就是boy)
Superlatives最高级
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三、形容词和副词的最高级
Superlatives最高级
1. 主语 + 谓语动词 + (the) + 最高级 + 范围.
……在某范围内最……
1.亚马逊河在南美洲流程最远。
The Amazon
2. 里海是世界上最大的湖泊。
The Caspian Sea is the largest lake in the world.
前提：表示“三者或三者以上”之间进行比较
【注意】 介词of/among后接同句子的主语属于同一个概念范畴的名词或代词；而介词in后常接表示组织、团体之类的集体名词。
River travels (the) farthest in South America.
She jumps ____________(far) of the three.
(the) farthest
最高级前有物主代词、
名词所有格等修饰时，其前不加the.The Yangtze River is China's longest river.
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三、形容词和副词的最高级
Superlatives最高级
2. 主语 + 谓语动词 + one of the + adj.最高级 + 复数名词 + 范围.
…是最…之一
前提：表示“三者或三者以上”之间进行比较
1.维多利亚瀑布是世界上最美的瀑布之一。
Victoria Falls is one of the most beautiful waterfalls in the world.
2. 科罗拉多大峡谷是世界上最壮观的自然奇观之一。
The Great Canyon is one of the most wonderful natural wonders in the world.
一般来说，one of后面跟形容词最高级，后面的名词用复数形式。
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三、形容词和副词的最高级
Superlatives最高级
3. 主语 + 谓语动词 + the + 序数词 + adj.最高级 + 名词 + 范围.
…是第几最…的
前提：表示“三者或三者以上”之间进行比较
1.长江是世界上第三长的河流。
The Yangtze is the third longest river in the world.
2. 黄河是中国第二长的河流。
The Yellow River is the second longest
river in China.
珠穆朗玛峰是亚洲第二高的山峰。
Mount Everest is the second highest mountain in Asia.
Presentation
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三、形容词和副词的最高级
Superlatives最高级
4. Which + 谓语动词 + (the) + 最高级, A, B or C
A、B、C 中，哪一个最……？
前提：表示“三者或三者以上”之间进行比较
1.尼罗河、长江、亚马逊河，哪一条最长？
Which is the longest, the Nile, the Yangtze or the Amazon
2. 珠穆朗玛峰、乞力马扎罗山、勃朗峰，哪一座最高？
Which is the highest, Qomolangma, Kilimanjaro or Mont Blanc
Who runs __________(fast), Tom, Bill or Ben
(the) fastest
表示“非常”的most前
不加the。He is a most interesting man.
他是个非常有趣的人。
副词最高级前的the可以省略。Jim jumps (the) highest.
形容词最高级作表语时，the可以省略.This desert is (the) largest in Asia.
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If I fail, if I succeed
At least I lived as I believe
No matter what they take from me
They can't take away my dignity
Because________________ love of
All is happening to me
I found _________________ love of all inside of me
_________________love of all is
easy to achieve
Learning to love yourself
Is _________________ love of all
Superlatives最高级
the greatest
the greatest
the greatest
the greatest
形容词最高级
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三、原级、比较级与最高级之间的转换
拓展: 形容词与副词的最高级可与 “比较级 + than any other + 单数名词”
或 “比较级 + than the other + 复数名词”进行相互转换.
1.长江比中国其他任何河流都长。
2. 珠穆朗玛峰比亚洲其他任何山峰都高。
=The Yangtze is the longest river in China.
=Qomolangma is the highest mountain in Asia.
The Yangtze is longer than any other river in China.
Qomolangma is higher than the other mountains in Asia.
（1）最高级与比较级之间的转换
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三、原级、比较级与最高级之间的转换
（2）原级(as...as结构)和最高级的转换
No ocean in the world is as big as the Pacific Ocean.
太平洋是世界上最大的海洋。
=The Pacific Ocean is ____ ________ ocean in the world.
the biggest
My father is the tallest one in my family.
My father is taller than any other member in my family.
My father is taller than the other members in my family.
Can you translate
我的爸爸比我的家里其他任何成员都更高。
我的爸爸比我的家里其他任何成员都更高。
我的爸爸是家庭里最高的一个。
名词单数
名词复数
最高级
The movie is the most interesting of all.
这部电影是所有电影中最有趣的。
=The movie is more interesting than _____ ______ movie.
=The movie is more interesting than ____ ______ movies.
any other
the other
最高级的两种表达方式（同义不同形)：
比较级+than any other+可数名词单数”
=“比较级+than the other+可数名词复数”表示“比其他任何……都……”表示最高级含义， 可与表示最高级的句子进行转换。
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Look and say
Do you remember how to compare them
the Yangtze River
6,300 km
the Yellow River
5,464 km
the Nile
6,671 km
as...as...
longer than...
longest of/in...
The Yellow River is not as long as the Yangtze River.
The Nile is much longer than the Yellow River.
The Nile is the longest of the three.
Presentation
Watch and learn
Victoria Falls
Presentation
Fill and say
4c
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
My friends and I visited Victoria Falls in
Africa last year. Visiting one of the world’s
______________ waterfalls was a magical
experience. As we went __________ to the
falls, the noise of the water slowly grew
__________ and louder. Then, right before
our eyes, the waterfall appeared. It went on
for as ___________ as the eye could see. Later, we sat in a special pool at the
top of the falls. There, we felt the water rush past us and become a part of the
waterfall. It was the scariest but also the ________________ experience of our trip!
large　 amazing 　far　 close 　loud
largest
closer
louder
far
most amazing
one of the + 最高级+cn复数
went closer 走近
比较级+and+比较级
as +原级+as
the+最高级+范围
/pu l/ n. 池塘；水坑
How does the writer make the description vivid
Tip:
Find the answer by looking for “sensory words” — words that tell us what we see, hear, and feel.
Victoria Falls
维多利亚瀑布
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Read and analyze
4c
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
large　 amazing 　far　 close 　loud
My friends and I visited Victoria Falls in
Africa last year. Visiting one of the world’s
______________ waterfalls was a magical
experience. As we went __________ to the
falls, the noise of the water slowly grew
__________ and louder. Then, right before
our eyes, the waterfall appeared. It went on
for as ___________ as the eye could see. Later, we sat in a special pool at the
top of the falls. There, we felt the water rush past us and become a part of the
waterfall. It was the scariest but also the ________________ experience of our trip!
largest
closer
louder
far
most amazing
Hearing(听觉)
Sight(视觉)
它延伸得很远,一眼望不到边.
Touch(触觉)
Presentation
Write and talk
4d
Write some questions to compare places.
Then ask a partner your questions.
What is the highest ...
Which park is bigger, ... or ...
What is the deepest ...
What is the most famous ...
Which ... is longer, ... or ...
Which ... is higher, ... or ...
Is ... as deep as ...
Is ... as amazing as ...
Presentation
Write and talk
4d
Write some questions to compare places. Then ask a partner your questions.
Show Time
A: Which park is bigger, Yellowstone National Park or Sanjiangyuan
National Park
B: Sanjiangyuan National Park is much bigger. It covers around 123,100
square kilometres. Yellowstone is around 9,000 square kilometres.
A: What is the longest river in the world
B: The Nile is the longest river in the world.
A: Which is the largest desert in the world
B: The Sahara is the largest desert in the world.
A: That’s interesting. And what is the highest building in our city
B: In our city, the highest building is a hospital.
Evaluation:
Cover the main points.
No grammatical errors.
Speak fluently.
Body language.
Presentation
Think an dsay
"When you see these numbers, do you see just math, or do you see the heartbeat of our Earth
" 当你看到这些数字时，你看到的只是数学，还是地球的脉搏？
The world is big,
but our home is small.
Protect the wonders, protect ourselves.
Presentation
Class test
1. The Sahara Desert is the __________ (big) desert in the world.
2. The Mariana Trench is the __________ (deep) point in the ocean.
3. Mount Qomolangma is still growing __________ (tall).
4. The Yangtze River travels the __________ (far) in China.
5. Some blind animals can "see" as __________ (good) as others.
一、 用单词的正确形式填空。
biggest
deepest
taller
farthest
well
Presentation
Class test
1. 世界上最大的沙漠是什么？
What is the __________ __________ in the world
2. 它的面积约为9,000,000平方公里。
It is about 9,000,000 square kilometres __________ __________.
3. 海洋中最深的点在哪里？
Where is the __________ __________ in the ocean
4. 珠穆朗玛峰还在变得更高。
Mount Qomolangma is still __________ __________.
5. 长江在中国流得最远，长约6300公里。
The Yangtze River travels the __________ in China and is about 6,300 kilometres __________.
二、 根据汉语意思完成句子（每空一词）
biggest desert
growing taller
in size
deepest point
farthest
long
Presentation
Choose two natural wonders you know and compare them in detail using comparatives and superlatives, then share your findings with your classmates next time.
Must-do
Choose-to-do
Write a short paragraph to describe your favourite natural wonder, using at least three comparatives and two superlatives.
谢谢
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Unit 4 Section A Grammar Focus (4a-4d) 语言点精讲精练
I．语言点精讲
1.Visiting one of the world's largest waterfalls was a magical experience.
游览世界上最大的瀑布之一是一次神奇的经历。
experience
① 可数名词 (一次)经历，体验
② 不可数名词 经验
③ 及物动词 经历
汤姆喜欢旅游，他有许多不寻常的经历。
Tom likes travelling. He has many unusual experiences.
儿童需要通过亲身经历来学习。
Children need to experience things for themselves to learn.
格林老师有着丰富的教学经验。
Mrs Green has a lot of teaching experience.
2. As we went closer to the falls, the noise of the water slowly grew louder and louder. 当我们走近瀑布时，水声渐渐变大。
as conj.当……时; 引导时间状语从句，强调主句动作与从句同时发生; as常表示两个动作同时进行，或伴随状态。
常用搭配：as + 从句（主语+谓语）
辨析：as、when、while的区别：
as 强调两个动作同时发生，常译为“一边……一边……”或“随着”。
when 可表示时间点或时间段，从句动作可先于主句。
while 强调时间段，从句常用进行时。
As she sang, tears ran down her cheeks. （她唱歌时，泪水流下脸颊。）
The weather got colder as winter came. （随着冬天来临，天气变冷了。）
3. There, we felt the water rush past us and become a part of the waterfall.在那里，我们感受到水流从我们身边冲过，成为瀑布的一部分。
feel sb./sth. do sth. 感官动词后接不带to的动词原形作宾补
我感到有人拍了拍我的肩膀。I felt someone tap my shoulder.
她感到眼泪从脸上滑落。She felt tears run down her face.
It went on for as far as the eye could see. 它延伸到目光所及之处。
as far as “远至……；直到……”; 也用于程度“as far as I know”； 在本句中表示距离，意为“直到视线尽头”
派生词：far（形容词/副词，远的）
常用搭配：as far as + 从句 / as far as possible（尽可能远） / as far as I know（据我所知）
辨析：与as long as（只要）不同，as far as指距离或程度；as soon as（一……就）指时间
He walked as far as the river. （他一直走到河边。）
As far as I know, he is an honest man. （据我所知，他是个诚实的人。）
25,768 cubic metres of water pours down Inga Falls each second. 每秒有25,768立方米的水从因加瀑布倾泻而下。
pour down 表示（水、雨等）倾泻而下，常描述大量水流或降雨; 强调速度快、量大，常与water、rain等连用
派生词：pour（动词，倒、倾泻）；downpour（名词，倾盆大雨）
常用搭配：pour down rain / water pours down / tears pour down
辨析：与fall（落下）相比，pour down更强调量大且急速；
与flow（流动）相比，flow侧重平稳流动，pour down则猛烈
The rain poured down all night, causing floods. （大雨倾泻了一整夜，引发洪水。）
Sweat poured down his face after running. （跑步后汗水从他脸上流下。）
II．语言点精练
单词填空。请根据所给的首字母写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。
1. The S______ Desert is the biggest desert in the world.
2. The Mariana T______ is the deepest point in the ocean.
3. Mount Qomolangma is still growing t______.
4. The Yangtze River travels the f______ in China.
5. Victoria Falls is one of the world’s l______ waterfalls.
6. As we went c______ to the falls, the noise grew louder.
7. The waterfall went on for as f______ as the eye could see.
8. It was the s______ but also the most amazing experience.
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The Great Wall of China is about _________ (twenty-one thousand, one hundred and ninety-six) kilometres long.
2. (eight thousand, four hundred and fifty) _________ people can fit into this stadium at full capacity.
3. The Yangtze River is approximately _________ (six thousand, three hundred) kilometres in length.
4. (thirty-six thousand, two hundred and seventy-nine) _________ students are currently enrolled at this university.
5. The speed of sound in dry air is about _________ (one thousand, two hundred and thirty-five) kilometres per hour.
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. 如果开车的人越少，空气污染就会越少。
If ________ people drive cars, there will be ________ air pollution.
2. 月光湖面积2.3平方千米。
Moon Lake is 2.3 ________ ________ in size.
3. 爱丽丝和杰克一样认真地写作业。
Alice does her homework ________ ________ ________ Jack.
4. 中欧班列是从中国开往欧洲距离最远的货运列车。
CR Express is the freight train that ________ ________ ________ from China to Europe.
5. 罗宾认为英语比数学容易得多。
Robin thinks English is ________ ________ ________ maths.
四、同义句转换。
1. The Sahara is bigger than any other desert in the world.
→ The Sahara is ______ ______ desert in the world.
2. No other river in China travels as far as the Yangtze River.
→ The Yangtze River travels ______ ______ in China.
3. The noise became louder and louder as we got closer.
→ The noise ______ ______ and ______ as we got closer.
4. It was the most amazing experience of our trip.
→ It was ______ ______ any other experience of our trip.
5. How deep is the Mariana Trench
→ What is ______ ______ of the Mariana Trench
五、完形填空
Do you know about China’s smallest mountain It is in Shouguang, Shandong Province. There you will find Jingshan, the 1 mountain in China, and probably in the whole world. This mountain is about 1.24 metres long and just about 0.7 metres wide. It is only 0.6 metres 2 . With a small 3 , people can reach the top of the mountain. It sounds interesting, doesn’t it It may not be the most famous mountain in China, 4 it’s the only mountain in Shouguang. It’s a 5 of the city and one of the most popular places of interest.
How deep is Jingshan embedded (被嵌入) in the ground We’ll probably never know as the government now 6 anyone from digging around it. In fact, in the 1950s, some people tried to dig around it to prove (证明) that it wasn’t a mountain, but a simple 7 . They dug for a long time, but they didn’t reach the bottom. And then people saw it 8 the smallest mountain in China.
As soon as photos of Jingshan 9 on the Internet, all kinds of opinions appeared online. Some said that they would like to visit the cute mountain by themselves. Some even joked that during the summer, the high crops (庄稼) would make it impossible to 10 the mountain.
1．A．highest B．largest C．longest D．smallest
2．A．wide B．long C．short D．high
3．A．step B．journey C．break D．risk
4．A．so B．or C．but D．because
5．A．guest B．symbol C．member D．hobby
6．A．learns B．protects C．stops D．knows
7．A．plant B．road C．chore D．rock
8．A．with B．for C．as D．against
9．A．kept safe B．went popular C．became important D．got modern
10．A．push B．find C．dig D．repair
任务型阅读。
The seasons in Australia are not like ours. When it is winter in China, it is summer there. Australia is a southern country—it is in the south of the world. June, July and August are the winter months; September, October and November are spring. The summer is in December, January and February, and March, April and May are the autumn months. The north of the country is hotter than the south.
A very large part of this country has no rain at all. The east coast (海岸) has rain all year, and there are no dry months there. The southeast winds blow here all the year. They bring rain from the sea. There is not much rain on the west side. The southeastern part of Australia has summer rain from the southeast winds. They only blow here in summer.
The southwestern part of Australia has winter rain. The west winds blow over the southwest in winter only. In summer, the southwest of the country has no rain. In the north of Australia, there is no rain in winter. The rain comes in summer. The northwest winds bring it.
1．Where is Australia
___________________________________________________________________________
2．When are winter months in Australia
___________________________________________________________________________
3．Which part of the country is hotter, the north part or the south part
____________________________________________________________________________
4．Which part of Australia has winter rain
____________________________________________________________________________
将短文中画线部分翻译成中文。
____________________________________________________________________________
七、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。
two similar it play short when of provide easy area
Today let me introduce one of the Chinese wonders—the Yellow River.
The Yellow River is the 1 longest river in China. The “yellow” in its name is from the mud and sand. About ninety percent of the mud and sand in the Yellow River comes from the Loess Plateau(黄土高原). The Loess Plateau is loose(松软的) and washed away 2 . As a result, a lot of mud and sand go into the Yellow River 3 the rainy season comes. The Yellow River starts from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The river’s shape is 4 to “几”. It runs from the west to the east through nine provinces and finally runs into the Bohai Sea. It covers a(n) 5 of about 752,443 square kilometres. The Yellow River is about 5,464 kilometres long. In fact, it is a little 6 than the Yangtze River.
In Chinese history, the Yellow River is the most important birthplace. Ancient Chinese people lived around the river and created a rich culture. Today, the area around the Yellow River is very important for farming. The Yellow River also 7 water for factories and people’s lives. What’s more, the Yellow River 8 an important role in Chinese culture. People created a lot of poems, paintings, and songs about 9 . The Yellow River is a symbol 10 China. We call it the “Mother River”.
八、阅读理解
The natural wonders of the world are some of the most amazing things on our planet. They are formed by natural forces over millions of years and leave people in awe of their beauty and grandeur.
The Sahara Desert, located in North Africa, is the world's largest hot desert. It spans an area of about 9,000,000 square kilometres. The desert has a unique landscape with sand dunes that can reach up to 180 metres high. Although it is a dry and hot place, it is home to a variety of animals such as camels, desert foxes and scorpions. These animals have adapted to the harsh desert environment over time.
The Mariana Trench, in the western Pacific Ocean, is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is about 11,000 metres deep, which is deeper than the height of Mount Qomolangma. The pressure at the bottom of the trench is more than 1,000 times the atmospheric pressure at sea level. Even so, scientists have discovered many unique sea creatures here, including giant amphipods and sea cucumbers, which can only survive in this extreme environment.
Mount Qomolangma, on the China-Nepal border, is the highest mountain in the world, with an altitude of about 8,848 metres. The mountain is covered with snow all year round, and its peak is often hidden in the clouds. Climbing Mount Qomolangma is a great challenge for climbers, as they have to face low oxygen, strong winds and extreme cold. However, every year, many climbers still attempt to reach the top to experience the feeling of standing on the top of the world.
These natural wonders are precious gifts from nature. They not only provide us with beautiful scenery but also help us understand the earth's evolution and the diversity of life. It is our responsibility to protect these wonders and ensure that they exist for generations to come.
What is the area of the Sahara Desert
A. About 11,000 square kilometres. B. About 8,848 square kilometres.
C. About 9,000,000 square kilometres. D. About 1,000 square kilometres.
2. Which of the following is TRUE about the Mariana Trench
A. It is the highest part of the ocean. B. The pressure at its bottom is very low.
C. It is in the eastern Pacific Ocean. D. There are many unique sea creatures in it.
3. What challenge do climbers face when climbing Mount Qomolangma
A. High oxygen, weak winds and warm weather. B. Low oxygen, strong winds and extreme cold.
C. Low oxygen, weak winds and extreme cold. D. High oxygen, strong winds and warm weather.
4. What can we learn from the natural wonders
A. The earth's evolution and the diversity of life. B. How to live in extreme environments.
C. The history of human civilization. D. How to climb high mountains.
5. What is the author's attitude towards natural wonders
A. He thinks they are not worth protecting.
B. He thinks they are precious gifts and need to be protected.
C. He thinks they are only beautiful sights with no practical value.
D. He thinks they are too dangerous for people to visit.
九、六选五。从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 ,有一个选项多余。
Nature has created countless amazing wonders around the world, each with its own unique charm and features. 1________ From the vast deserts to the deep ocean trenches, from the highest mountains to the longest rivers, these wonders show the great power of nature.
The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world. It covers most of North Africa and has a very dry climate. 2________ Despite the harsh environment, some plants and animals still survive here, which is a miracle of life.
The Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean. 3 ________The pressure at the bottom of the trench is extremely high, but there are still many strange sea creatures living in this dark and cold place.
Mount Qomolangma is the highest peak in the world. It lies on the border of China and Nepal. 4 ________Every year, many climbers try to reach the top of it, challenging their physical and mental limits.
The Yangtze River is the longest river in China and the third longest in the world. 5 ________It provides water for millions of people and supports the development of many cities along its banks.
These natural wonders are not only beautiful sights but also important parts of the earth's ecosystem. We should protect them well for future generations.
It is about 11,000 metres deep, and very few people have ever reached its bottom.B. It runs through 11 provinces in China and is known as China's "mother river".C. Many people are interested in the history of these natural wonders and do a lot of research.D. It is a place where the sky and the land seem to meet as far as the eye can see.E. These wonders attract people from all over the world to visit and explore.F. Its snow-capped top can be seen from a long distance, and it is one of the most famous natural wonders in the world.
II. 语言点精练参考答案
一、单词填空。
【答案】1. Sahara 2. Trench 3. taller 4. farthest 5. largest 6. closer 7. far 8. scariest
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
【答案】1. 21,196 2. 8,450 3. 6,300 4. 36,279 5. 1,235
三、根据汉语意思完成句子
【答案】1. fewer less 2. square kilometers 3. as carefully as 4. travels the farthest 5. much easier than
四、同义句转换。
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国最小的山——静山。
1．句意：在那里你会发现静山，中国最小的山，可能也是全世界最小的山。
highest最高的；largest最大的；longest最长的；smallest最小的。根据上文“Do you know about China’s smallest mountain ”可知，此处指“中国最小的山”。故选D。
2．句意：它距离地面只有0.6米高。
wide宽的；long长的；short短的；high高的。根据上文“This mountain is about 1.24 metres long and just about 0.7 metres wide.”可知，此处是介绍这座山的高度。故选D。
3．句意：迈开一小步，人们就能到达山顶。
step步；journey旅行；break休息；risk风险。根据“It is only 0.6 metres…With a small…people can reach the top of the mountain.”可知，此处表示“只需迈一小步，人们就能登顶”。故选A。
4．句意：它可能不是中国最著名的山，但它是寿光唯一的山。
so因此；or或者；but但是；because因为。根据“It may not be the most famous mountain in China…it’s the only mountain in Shouguang.”可知，前后句是转折关系，应用but连接。故选C。
5．句意：它是这个城市的象征，也是最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。
guest客人；symbol象征；member成员；hobby爱好。根据“It’s a…of the city”并结合备选项可知，此处表示“它是这个城市的象征”；a symbol of意为“……的象征”。故选B。
6．句意：我们可能永远不会知道，因为政府禁止任何人在它周边挖掘。
learns学习；protects保护；stops停止；knows知道。根据“We’ll probably never know as the government now…anyone from digging around it.”及备选项可知，静山嵌入地面有多深，我们可能永远不会知道，因为政府现在阻止任何人挖掘它；stop sb. from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”。故选C。
7．句意：事实上，在20世纪50年代，一些人试图在它周围挖掘，以证明它不是一座山，而是一块普通的岩石。
plant植物；road马路；chore杂活；rock岩石。根据前文“…Jingshan, the…mountain in China”和“…prove (证明) that it wasn’t a mountain, but a simple…”可知，静山是中国最小的山，山一般由岩石组成，因此此处指“证明它不是一座山，而是一块普通的岩石”。故选D。
8．句意：后来人们把它看作是中国最小的山。
with和；for为了；as作为；against反对。根据“And then people saw it…the smallest mountain in China.”可知，人们把它看作是中国最小的山；see sth. as…“视某物为……”。故选C。
9．句意：静山的照片在网上一走红，各种各样的观点就在网上出现了。
kept safe保持安全；went popular变得流行；became important变得重要；got modern变得现代。根据“…all kinds of opinions appeared online.”可知，此处指“静山的照片在网上流行”。故选B。
10．句意：有人甚至开玩笑说，在夏天，高的庄稼会让人找不到那座山。
push推；find找到；dig挖；repair修理。根据“the high crops (庄稼) would make it impossible to…the mountain.”可知，静山很小，高的庄稼会遮挡住这座山，使人找不到它。故选B。
六、任务型阅读
【答案】1．It’s in the south of the world. 2．June, July and August. 3．The north part. 4．The southwestern part of Australia has winter rain. 5．澳大利亚的季节不像我们的。
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了澳大利亚的季节特点与不同区域的降水情况，说明了其因位于南半球而与北半球季节相反的特征，以及不同方位的气候差异。
1．根据“Australia is a southern country—it is in the south of the world.”可知澳大利亚的位置。故填It’s in the south of the world.
2．根据“June, July and August are the winter months”可知澳大利亚的冬季月份。故填June, July and August.
3．根据“The north of the country is hotter than the south.”可知北部比南部热。故填The north part.
4．根据“The southwestern part of Australia has winter rain.”可知澳大利亚西南部有冬雨。故填The southwestern part of Australia has winter rain.
5．分析句子可知，时态为一般现在时，用于描述客观事实。“The seasons”意为“季节”，是句子的主语，“the”表特指；“in Australia”是介词短语，作后置定语，修饰“the seasons”，表示“在澳大利亚的”；“are not like”是谓语部分，“like”此处为介词，意为“像”；“ours”是名词性物主代词，指代“our seasons”，避免重复，作介词“like”的宾语。故填：澳大利亚的季节不像我们的。
七、选词填空
【答案】1．second 2．easily 3．when 4．similar 5．area 6．shorter 7．provides 8．plays 9．it 10．of
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的奇观之一 —— 黄河，包括它的长度、流经区域、地理特征，以及它在中华文明和中国文化中的重要地位，被誉为“母亲河”。
1．句意：黄河是中国第二长的河流。根据常识，黄河是中国第二长河。“the+序数词+形容词最高级”表示“第几最……的”。因此用two的序数词second。故填second。
2．句意：黄土高原土质疏松，很容易被冲走。根据“The Loess Plateau is loose(松软的) and washed away...”可知，此处需要副词修饰动词短语“washed away”。结合备选词，“easy”符合语境。因此将形容词“easy”变为副词easily。故填easily。
3．句意：结果，当雨水来临时，大量的泥沙进入黄河。根据“As a result, a lot of mud and sand go into the Yellow River...the rainy season comes.”可知，此处应填连词连接两个完整句子。结合备选词，“when”引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，符合语境。故填when。
4．句意：这条河的形状类似“几” 字。根据“The river’s shape is...to “几”.”及备选词汇可知，此处应填形容词。“be similar to”是固定搭配，意为“与……相似”，因此用形容词similar。故填similar。
5．句意：它覆盖了大约 752,443 平方公里的区域。根据“about 752,443 square kilometres”及备选词汇可知，此处在介绍面积。“cover an area of...”是固定搭配，意为“覆盖……的面积”符合语境。故填area。
6．句意：事实上，它比长江短一点。根据“5,464 kilometres long”及备选词汇可知，此处与介绍长度相关。根据句中的“than” 可知，此处需要形容词的比较级，因此将形容词“short”变为比较级shorter。故填shorter。
7．句意：黄河也为工厂和人们的生活提供水源。根据“The Yellow River also...water for factories and people’s lives.”可知，此处应填动词作谓语。结合备选词，“provide sth. for sb./sth.” 是固定搭配，意为“为……提供某物”符合语境。句子主语“The Yellow River”是第三人称单数，且时态为一般现在时，因此动词用第三人称单数形式provides。故填provides。
8．句意：此外，黄河在中国文化中扮演着重要的角色。根据“What’s more, the Yellow River...an important role in Chinese culture.”及备选词汇可知，“play an important role in...”是固定搭配，意为“在……中扮演重要角色”。句子主语“The Yellow River”是第三人称单数，且时态为一般现在时，因此动词用第三人称单数形式plays。故填plays。
9．句意：人们创作了很多关于它的诗歌、绘画和歌曲。根据“People created a lot of poems, paintings, and songs about...”可知，此处应填名词性质的代词。结合备选词，此处用代词指代前文提到的“The Yellow River”，因此用代词it。故填it。
10．句意：黄河是中国的象征。根据“The Yellow River is a symbol...China. We call it the ‘Mother River’.”及备选词汇可知，“a symbol of...”是固定搭配，意为“……的象征”，因此用介词of。故填of。
八、阅读理解
【答案】CDBAB
【解析】
答案 C 文章第二段明确提到 “It spans an area of about 9,000,000 square kilometres.”，说明撒哈拉沙漠的面积约为 900 万平方公里。A 选项是马里亚纳海沟的深度，B 选项是珠穆朗玛峰的高度，D 选项无依据。故选 C。
答案 D 文章第三段提到 “Even so, scientists have discovered many unique sea creatures here”，说明马里亚纳海沟里有许多独特的海洋生物。A 选项错误，它是海洋最深的地方而非最高；B 选项错误，其底部压力极高而非极低；C 选项错误，它位于西太平洋而非东太平洋。故选 D。
答案 B 文章第四段提到 “Climbing Mount Qomolangma is a great challenge for climbers, as they have to face low oxygen, strong winds and extreme cold.”，说明攀登珠穆朗玛峰的登山者要面临缺氧、强风和极寒的挑战。A、C、D 选项均与原文描述不符。故选 B。
答案 A 文章最后一段提到 “They not only provide us with beautiful scenery but also help us understand the earth's evolution and the diversity of life.”，说明我们能从自然奇观中了解地球的演化和生命的多样性。B、C、D 选项均非文章提及的内容。故选 A。
答案 B 文章最后一段提到 “These natural wonders are precious gifts from nature.” 和 “It is our responsibility to protect these wonders and ensure that they exist for generations to come.”，说明作者认为自然奇观是珍贵的礼物，需要被保护。A、C、D 选项均与作者态度相反。故选 B。
九、六选五
【答案】EDAFB
【解析】
答案 E 前文提到大自然创造了无数令人惊叹的奇观，后文介绍了不同的自然奇观，E 选项 “这些奇观吸引着世界各地的人们前来参观和探索” 承接上文，引出下文对各奇观的介绍，符合语境。故选 E。
答案 D 前文介绍撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的热带沙漠，覆盖北非大部分地区，气候干燥，D 选项 “在那里，天地相接，一望无际” 描述了撒哈拉沙漠的景观特点，符合语境。故选 D。
答案 A 前文介绍马里亚纳海沟是世界海洋最深的地方，位于西太平洋，A 选项 “它大约有 11000 米深，很少有人到达过它的底部” 进一步说明其深度特点，符合语境。故选 A。
答案 F 前文介绍珠穆朗玛峰是世界最高峰，位于中尼边境，F 选项 “它白雪皑皑的山顶从很远的地方就能看到，是世界上最著名的自然奇观之一” 描述了珠穆朗玛峰的外观和地位，符合语境。故选 F。
答案 B 前文介绍长江是中国最长、世界第三长的河流，B 选项 “它流经中国 11 个省份，被称为中国的‘母亲河’” 进一步介绍长江的流域和地位，符合语境。故选 B。（C 选项 “许多人对这些自然奇观的历史感兴趣，并做了大量研究” 与本文介绍自然奇观的特征和景观无关，为多余选项。）
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