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沪教版八年级下册 Unit 1 Helping those in need
词汇讲解与巩固学案
Part 1：核心词汇与短语默写（英汉互译）
一、根据中文写出英文单词
最新沪教版八年级学习资料 八年级备课组 姓名： 班级：
上了年纪的 ______
主动提出 ______
严重的 ______
病；疾病 ______
癌；癌症 ______
情绪；心境（复数） ______
痛苦；苦恼 ______
适应；合得来 ______
空闲的；空余的 ______
自愿做 ______
高兴；愉快 ______
丧失；失去 ______
筹集 ______
英镑 ______
结构 ______
准许；许可 ______
排列；布置 ______
捐赠；赠送 ______
巨大的；非凡的 ______
令人愉快的 ______
减轻；缓解 ______
疼痛；隐痛 ______
二、根据中文写出英文短语
志愿工作 ______
残疾人士 ______
照料；照顾 ______
遭受；患……病 ______
（使）高兴起来 ______
使某人振奋 ______
情绪低落 ______
目的是；为了 ______
在危难中；在穷困中的 ______
插花 ______
收拾；整理 ______
枉费心机；徒劳无益 ______
Part 2：核心词汇讲解与巩固
1. elderly / eld li/ adj. 上了年纪的
【中考考点】：elderly是old的委婉说法，更具礼貌色彩，常用来修饰人，如elderly people（老年人）；其名词形式elder可指“长辈；元老”，如elder sister（姐姐），注意与older区分，older侧重年龄或新旧程度的比较。
【例句】：We should offer help to the elderly when they cross the road.（我们应该在老年人过马路时主动提供帮助。）
2. offer / f (r)/ v. 主动提出
【中考考点】：常见搭配有offer to do sth.（主动提出做某事）、offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.（向某人提供某物）；其近义词provide的搭配为provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.。
【例句】：Lily offered to teach the children to draw pictures.（莉莉主动提出教孩子们画画。）
3. serious / s ri s/ adj. 严重的
【词性转换】：副词形式为seriously（严肃地；严重地）。
【例句】：Kate suffers from a serious illness.（凯特患有严重的疾病。）
4. disease /d zi z/ n. 病；疾病
【中考考点】：侧重指具体的疾病，如heart disease（心脏病）；其近义词illness更强调生病的不适感受。
【例句】：The research aims to find a cure for this rare disease.
（这项研究旨在找到治疗这种罕见疾病的方法。）
5. spirits / sp r ts/ n. [pl.] 情绪；心境
【中考考点】：常用搭配有raise one’s spirits（使某人振奋）、in high spirits（情绪高涨）、in low spirits（情绪低落）。
【例句】：The good news raised his spirits immediately.（这个好消息立刻让他振作起来。）
6. pain /pe n/ n. 痛苦；苦恼
【词性转换】：形容词形式为painful（痛苦的）、painless（无痛的）；常用搭配in pain（处于痛苦中）。
【例句】：The medicine can ease the pain of the patient.（这种药可以减轻病人的痛苦。）
7. belong /b l / v. 适应；合得来
【中考考点】：常用搭配belong to（属于），无被动语态和进行时态。
【例句】：The new student quickly belonged to the class.（这个新生很快就融入了班级。）
8. spare /spe (r)/ adj. 空闲的；空余的
【中考考点】：常用搭配in one’s spare/free time（在某人的空闲时间）、spare no effort to do sth.（不遗余力做某事）。
【例句】：I often read books in my spare time.（我经常在空闲时间看书。）
9. volunteer / v l n t (r)/ v. 自愿做 n. 志愿者
【词性转换】：形容词形式为voluntary（志愿的）；常用搭配volunteer to do sth.（自愿做某事）、voluntary work（志愿工作）。
【例句】：Many teenagers volunteer to help disabled people.（许多青少年自愿帮助残疾人。）
10. joy /d / n. 高兴；愉快；喜悦
【词性转换】：形容词形式为joyful（快乐的）；常用搭配to one’s joy（令某人高兴的是）、tears of joy（喜极而泣）。
【例句】：Music can bring joy to people’s lives.（音乐能给人们的生活带来快乐。）
11. lose /lu z/ v. 丧失；失去
【词性转换】：名词形式为loss（失去；丧失）、loser（失败者）；过去式和过去分词均为lost；常用搭配lose one’s life（丧生）、lose weight（减肥）。
【例句】：He lost his leg in an accident two months ago.（两个月前他在一场事故中失去了一条腿。）
12. raise /re z/ v. 筹集；举起；提高
【中考考点】：及物动词，后接宾语；常用搭配raise money（筹款）、raise one’s spirits（使某人振奋）；注意与不及物动词rise（上升；升起）区分。
【例句】：Our class raised more than 300 pounds for the charity.（我们班为慈善机构筹集了300多英镑。）
13. permission /p m n/ n. 准许；许可
【词性转换】：动词形式为permit（许可），过去式、过去分词均为permitted，现在分词为permitting；常用搭配ask for permission（请求许可）、without permission（未经许可）、permit sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事）。
【例句】：You must ask for permission before leaving the classroom.（离开教室前你必须征得许可。）
14. arrange / re nd / v. 排列；布置；安排
【词性转换】：名词形式为arrangement（安排）；常用搭配arrange to do sth.（安排做某事）、flower arranging（插花）。
【例句】：We plan to arrange a painting competition for the children.（我们计划为孩子们安排一场绘画比赛。）
15. donate /d ne t/ v. 捐赠；赠送
【词性转换】：名词形式为donation（捐赠）、donor（捐献者）；常用搭配donate sth. to sb.（向某人捐赠某物）、donate money/blood（捐款/献血）。
【例句】：Some local shops donated craft materials to us.（一些当地商店向我们捐赠了工艺材料。）
16. pleasant / pleznt/ adj. 令人愉快的；宜人的
【词性转换】：动词形式为please（使满意）、名词形式为pleasure（快乐；乐事）、形容词形式为unpleasant（令人不快的）；常用来修饰物或天气，如pleasant weather（宜人的天气）。
【例句】：We had a pleasant time in the countryside.（我们在乡下度过了一段愉快的时光。）
17. ease /i z/ v. 减轻；缓解 n. 容易
【词性转换】：形容词形式为easy（容易的）；常用搭配ease the pain（缓解疼痛）、with ease（轻易地）。
【例句】：The doctor tried to ease the patient’s aching.（医生试图减轻病人的疼痛。）
核心词汇及时巩固（小试牛刀）
一、单项选择
The ______ people in our community often need help with daily chores.
A. old B. elderly C. elder D. older
My classmate ______ to help me with my English last week.
A. offered B. provided C. gave D. showed
The disease is very ______, so we must take it seriously.
A. serious B. seriously C. illness D. painful
He suffers from a heart ______ and needs to see a doctor regularly.
A. illness B. pain C. disease D. ache
The good news made her ______ high spirits.
A. in B. at C. on D. with
The medicine can ______ the pain of the injured.
A. raise B. ease C. donate D. arrange
The new student quickly ______ to our class and made many friends.
A. belonged B. offered C. volunteered D. raised
I often do voluntary work in my ______ time.
A. spare B. free C. both A and B D. neither A nor B
Many people ______ to help the disabled people in our city.
A. volunteer B. offer C. provide D. donate
To our ______, he passed the exam successfully.
A. joy B. joyful C. pleasure D. pleasant
He ______ his job last month because of the company’s closure.
A. lost B. losted C. loses D. losing
Our school ______ money for the poor students every year.
A. raises B. rises C. donates D. offers
You can’t enter the room without ______.
A. permission B. permit C. permitting D. permitted
We plan to ______ a party for the elderly next weekend.
A. arrange B. donate C. ease D. belong
She ______ her old clothes to the charity shop yesterday.
A. donated B. raised C. offered D. arranged
Part 3：核心短语讲解与巩固
1. voluntary work 志愿工作
【运用】：指无偿为社会或他人提供帮助的工作，常与do搭配，如do voluntary work（做志愿工作）；其形容词voluntary意为“自愿的；志愿的”。
【例句】：Many students do voluntary work during the school holidays.（许多学生在学校假期期间做志愿工作。）
2. look after 照料；照顾
【运用】：相当于take care of，后接名词或代词作宾语，代词需放在中间，如look after him（照顾他）。
【例句】：We should look after the elderly in our community.（我们应该照顾社区里的老年人。）
3. suffer from 遭受；患……病
【运用】：后接具体的疾病或灾难，如suffer from a disease（患病）、suffer from a headache（头痛）；suffer单独使用时意为“受苦”。
【例句】：The children there all suffer from serious illnesses.（那里的孩子们都患有严重的疾病。）
4. cheer sb. up （使）某人高兴起来
【运用】：动副短语，代词作宾语时需放在中间，如cheer him up（使他高兴起来）；相当于raise one’s spirits。
【例句】：We wanted to cheer the children up with some flowers.（我们想用鲜花让孩子们高兴起来。）
5. in order to 目的是；为了
【运用】：后接动词原形，可置于句首或句中；其否定形式为in order not to do sth.（为了不……）。
【例句】：In order to help those in need, we organized a charity sale.（为了帮助有需要的人，我们组织了一场慈善义卖。）
6. in need 在危难中；在穷困中的
【运用】：常作后置定语修饰人，如people in need（有需要的人）、help those in need（帮助有需要的人）。
【例句】：We should try our best to help those in need.（我们应该尽力帮助那些有需要的人。）
7. tidy up 收拾；整理
【运用】：动副短语，代词作宾语时需放在中间，如tidy it up（把它整理好）。
【例句】：We helped the children tidy up their rooms.（我们帮助孩子们整理他们的房间。）
8. in vain 枉费心机；徒劳无益
【运用】：常作状语，意为“白费力气；没有效果”。
例句：All our efforts were not in vain.（我们所有的努力都没有白费。）
核心短语及时巩固（小试牛刀）
一、根据中文提示完成英文句子，每空一词
许多学生在暑假期间做志愿工作。
Many students ______ ______ ______ during the summer holidays.
我们应该照顾社区里的老年人。
We should ______ ______ the elderly in our community.
那里的孩子们都患有严重的疾病。
The children there all ______ ______ serious illnesses.
我们想用鲜花让孩子们高兴起来。
We wanted to ______ ______ ______ with some flowers.
为了帮助有需要的人，我们组织了一场慈善义卖。
______ ______ ______ help those in need, we organized a charity sale.
我们应该尽力帮助那些有需要的人。
We should try our best to help ______ ______ ______.
我们帮助孩子们整理他们的房间。
We helped the children ______ ______ their rooms.
我们所有的努力都没有白费。
All our efforts were not ______ ______.
Part 4：词汇与短语的综合运用
A小节：词形转换填空
说明：用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空，使句子完整通顺。
The old man has several serious ______ (ill) and needs to stay in hospital.
It is a ______ (joy) moment when we received the award.
We should do everything we can to help the ______ (able).
The doctor gave the patient some medicine to ease the ______ (ache).
My teacher ______ (courage) me to take part in the speech competition.
The ______ (organize) of the activity did a great job.
He felt a sense of ______ (lose) when his best friend moved away.
It is our duty to help those in need, and we should do it ______ (volunteer).
The ______ (donate) from the public helped build the new school.
She was ______ (serious) ill, but she never gave up hope.
We had a ______ (please) time at the party last night.
The children were very ______ (excite) about the trip to the zoo.
The ______ (elder) in our community often get together to play chess.
It is important to ask for ______ (permit) before using someone else’s things.
The flowers in the garden are ______ (arrange) in a beautiful way.
B小节：虚词填空
说明：在空白处填入一个适当的虚词（介词、连词、冠词等），使句子完整通顺。
We should offer help ______ the elderly when they cross the road.
The children there all suffer ______ serious illnesses.
We wanted to cheer the children ______ with some flowers.
______ order to help those in need, we organized a charity sale.
We should try our best to help those ______ need.
We helped the children tidy ______ their rooms.
All our efforts were not ______ vain.
The new student quickly belonged ______ our class and made many friends.
I often do voluntary work ______ my spare time.
Many people volunteer ______ help the disabled people in our city.
The medicine can ease the pain ______ the patient.
We plan to arrange a party ______ the elderly next weekend.
She donated her old clothes ______ the charity shop yesterday.
We had a pleasant time ______ the countryside.
The doctor tried to ease the patient’s aching ______ giving him some medicine.
Part 5：阅读能力提升
一、完形填空
出处：改编自 2025 年深圳龙岗区八下期末模拟卷（话题：志愿服务）
难度：★★★☆☆
Voluntary work is important for society. It helps people in need and makes the world a better place. Last weekend, my classmates and I decided to do some voluntary work at a children’s home.
When we arrived, the children were sitting quietly in the room. They looked a bit sad because most of them had no parents. We 1 to cheer them up. First, we organized a painting competition. Many children 2 interested in it and started to draw carefully. A little girl named Lily wanted to draw a picture of her hometown, but she couldn’t remember its details. I offered 3 her find some photos online. With my help, she finished her painting successfully and felt very happy.
Then we told stories to the children. We encouraged them 4 their own stories. A boy named Tom told us about his dream of becoming a doctor. He said he wanted to help sick people in the future. We all clapped for him and felt proud of his 5 .
After that, we played games with the children. We laughed and ran together. The room was filled with 6 soon. When it was time to leave, the children hugged us tightly and said “thank you” again and again.
I learned a lot from this voluntary work. Helping others not only makes them happy but also 7 us feel warm inside. It teaches us to be kind and 8 . I hope I can do more voluntary work in the future and 9 love to more people in need. As the saying goes, “It is better to give than to 10 .”
( ) 1. A. refused B. tried C. forgot D. stopped
( ) 2. A. became B. felt C. looked D. sounded
( ) 3. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped
( ) 4. A. share B. sharing C. to share D. shared
( ) 5. A. idea B. plan C. dream D. hobby
( ) 6. A. sadness B. silence C. fear D. joy
( ) 7. A. makes B. makes C. made D. making
( ) 8. A. careful B. helpful C. honest D. brave
( ) 9. A. spread B. collect C. save D. keep
( ) 10. A. take B. get C. receive D. accept
二、阅读理解
出处：改编自 2024 年广东中考英语真题（话题：帮助困境儿童）
难度：★★★★☆（深圳中考中档难度）
Helping Children in Need
Every year, millions of children around the world are in need of help. They may be homeless, sick, or living in poor areas without enough food or education. Many people and organizations are trying their best to help these children.
One of the most famous organizations is UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund). It works in over 190 countries and areas to help children in need. UNICEF provides clean water, food, medicine, and education for children. It also protects children from violence and abuse.
In China, there are many voluntary groups that help children in need. For example, some students from middle schools and universities often visit children’s hospitals. They read books, sing songs, and play games with sick children to cheer them up. Some volunteers also raise money for poor children so that they can go to school.
A 14-year-old girl named Li Mei from Shanghai is a volunteer. She visits a children’s home every weekend. She helps the children with their homework and tells them interesting stories. “I feel very happy when I see the children smile,” Li Mei said. “Helping others makes my life more meaningful.”
Everyone can do something to help children in need. We can donate money, clothes, or books. We can also be volunteers and spend time with them. Even a small act of kindness can make a big difference to a child’s life.
( ) 11. What does UNICEF do to help children in need
A. It only provides food for children.
B. It works in less than 190 countries.
C. It protects children from violence.
D. It builds hospitals for sick children.
( ) 12. What do Chinese student volunteers often do in children’s hospitals
A. They give medicine to sick children.
B. They read books and play games with children.
C. They raise money for poor children.
D. They teach children how to draw.
( ) 13. Why does Li Mei visit the children’s home every weekend
A. Because she wants to make new friends.
B. Because she needs to finish her homework.
C. Because she feels happy to help the children.
D. Because her parents ask her to do so.
( ) 14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage
A. Donating money to poor children.
B. Being a volunteer to help children.
C. Sending books to children in need.
D. Building schools for poor children.
( ) 15. What is the main idea of the passage
A. UNICEF is a famous international organization.
B. Many people are helping children in need.
C. Li Mei is a kind volunteer from Shanghai.
D. Children in need need more help.
三、语法填空
出处：改编自 2025 年沪教版八下 Unit 1 语法填空专项模拟题
There are many children without parents. I 1_________ (meet) some of these children with my mother last year. We taught them to tell 2_________ (story). This helped them express their 3_________ (feel). One child said, “My friends don’t understand my pain.” I felt sorry for him and decided 4_________ (do) more to help.
We often visit the children’s home. We bring them food, clothes, and toys. We also help them 5_________ (study) their lessons. The children are very 6 _________(friend) to us. They like to talk with us and share their dreams. Some of them want to be teachers, and 7_________ (other) want to be doctors.
Voluntary work is 8_________ (real) meaningful. It not only helps people in need but also makes us 9 (happy)_________ than before. I hope more people can join us and spread love to 10_________ (that) who need help.
沪教版八下Unit1 词汇学案 答案+详细解析
Part 1 核心词汇与短语默写答案
一、根据中文写出英文单词
1. （空）
2. elderly
3. offer
4. serious
5. illness
6. cancer
7. spirits
8. pain
9. belong
10. spare
11. volunteer
12. joy
13. lose
14. raise
15. pound
16. structure
17. permission
18. arrange
19. donate
20. enormous
21. pleasant
22. ease
23. ache
二、根据中文写出英文短语
1. （空）
2. voluntary work
3. disabled people
4. look after/take care of
5. suffer from
6. cheer up
7. raise one’s spirits
8. in low spirits
9. in order to
10. in need
11. flower arranging
12. tidy up
13. in vain
---
Part 2 核心词汇及时巩固 单项选择答案+解析
1. B
解析：elderly 是礼貌表达“上了年纪的”，old 较直白，elder 指长辈，older 是比较级。
2. A
解析：offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事；provide 搭配 provide sb. with sth.。
3. A
解析：be 动词后用形容词 serious（严重的），seriously 是副词。
4. C
解析：heart disease 心脏病，disease 指具体疾病，illness 侧重生病状态。
5. A
解析：固定搭配 in high spirits 情绪高涨。
6. B
解析：ease the pain 缓解疼痛，raise 举起/筹集，donate 捐赠。
7. A
解析：belong to 适应、融入，符合句意。
8. C
解析：spare/free time 都表示空闲时间。
9. A
解析：volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事，符合语境。
10. A
解析：to one’s joy 令某人高兴的是，用名词 joy。
11. A
解析：lose 过去式为 lost。
12. A
解析：raise money 筹款；rise 是不及物动词“上升”。
13. A
解析：without permission 未经许可，用名词形式。
14. A
解析：arrange a party 安排派对。
15. A
解析：donate…to… 把……捐赠给……。
---
Part 3 核心短语及时巩固 完成句子答案
1. do voluntary work
2. look after
3. suffer from
4. cheer them up
5. In order to
6. those in need
7. tidy up
8. in vain
---
Part 4 词汇与短语综合运用 答案+解析
A 小节：词形转换填空
1. illnesses
解析：several 后接可数名词复数，ill 变名词 illness。
2. joyful
解析：修饰 moment 用形容词 joyful（快乐的）。
3. disabled
解析：the disabled 表示残疾人。
4. ache
解析：ease the ache 缓解疼痛，用原形。
5. encouraged
解析：过去式，encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做。
6. organizer
解析：表示“组织者”，用 organizer。
7. loss
解析：a sense of loss 失落感，lose 变名词 loss。
8. voluntarily
解析：修饰动词 do 用副词 voluntarily。
9. donations
解析：公众的捐赠，用复数 donations。
10. seriously
解析：修饰形容词 ill 用副词 seriously。
11. pleasant
解析：修饰 time 用形容词 pleasant。
12. excited
解析：修饰人用 excited（感到兴奋的）。
13. elderly
解析：the elderly 表示老年人。
14. permission
解析：ask for permission 请求许可，用名词。
15. arranged
解析：被动语态，be arranged 被布置。
B 小节：虚词填空
1. to
2. from
3. up
4. In
5. in
6. up
7. in
8. to
9. in
10. to
11. of
12. for
13. to
14. in
15. by
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Part 5 阅读能力提升 答案
一、完形填空
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C
6. D 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. C
二、阅读理解
11. C 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B
三、语法填空
1. met
2. stories
3. feelings
4. to do
5. (to) study
6. friendly
7. others
8. really
9. happier
10. those

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