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最新沪教版八年级学习资料 八年级备课组 姓名： 班级：
沪教版八年级下册 Unit 1 Helping those in need
语法讲解与巩固学案
核心语法：动词不定式（The Infinitive）
Part I 语法核心知识总结（课本P9-P10原句梳理）
本单元核心语法为动词不定式，基本形式是to + 动词原形（否定形式：not to + 动词原形），不定式没有人称和数的变化，可在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语等成分，部分动词后接不定式时需省略to，是中考单选、语法填空的高频考点。
考点1 不定式作宾语（后接to + 动词原形的高频动词）
核心规则
主语+接不定式的动词 + to + 动词原形，这类动词多表达“意愿、计划、打算、承诺”等含义，是本单元及中考的基础考点。
课本原句溯源
1. Jin Ya wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home.
2. My best friend and I offered to help at the children's hospital.
3. My mother and I will continue to visit Liu Yun in our spare time.
4. We plan to organize a painting competition for the sick children.
中考高频接不定式的动词（必背）
意愿/打算：want（想要）、plan（计划）、hope（希望）、wish（希望）
承诺/主动：offer（主动提出）、promise（承诺）
持续/决定：continue（继续）、decide（决定）
其他：learn（学习）、agree（同意）、afford（负担得起）
用法注意
此类动词后直接接to do作宾语，不能接动名词，
如：I hope to go there.（√） I hope going there.（×）
考点2 不定式作宾语补足语（sb. + to do / 省略to的sb. + do）
核心规则
主语+谓语动词 + 宾语（sb.）+ to do / do（作宾补，补充说明宾语的动作），分接to do和省略to两种情况，是本单元语法重点。
分类1 接sb. + to do的高频动词（课本原句+中考考点）
课本原句溯源
1. We encouraged them to tell stories from their own life.
2. I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy.
3. Could you please ask him to come here （拓展）
中考高频动词（必背）
encourage（鼓励）、teach（教）、ask（要求）、tell（告诉）、want（想要）、invite（邀请）、warn（警告）
结构：encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事；tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事
分类2 省略to，接sb. + do的高频动词（感观/使役动词）
课本原句溯源
1. He saw a volunteer help an elderly lady.
2. She heard the singer perform for the children in the next room.
3. The students helped the woman (to) find her bag.
中考高频动词（必背，分两类）
感观动词：see（看见）、hear（听见）、watch（观看）、notice（注意到）、feel（感觉）
使役动词：make（使）、let（让）、have（使）
特殊动词：help（帮助），后可接sb. to do或sb. do，两者均可，中考常考
用法注意
1. 此类动词后接不定式作宾补时必须省略to；
2. 变为被动语态时，必须还原to，如：He was made to clean the room.（√） He was made clean the room.（×）
考点3 不定式作目的状语（to + 动词原形表“为了……”）
核心规则
不定式作目的状语，表达动作的目的，可置于句首或句末，句首时常用逗号与主句隔开，是中考写作、语法填空的高频考点。
课本原句溯源
1. We organized a painting competition to raise their spirits.（句末，表目的：为了让他们振奋）
2. I went to the park to take some photos for Jin Ya.（句末，表目的：为了给金雅拍照）
3. To stay clean, we need to wash our hands often.（句首，表目的：为了保持干净）
同义转换（中考句型转换考点）
不定式作目的状语可与in order to do（正式）、so as to do（非正式）转换，其中in order to do可置于句首，so as to do只能置于句末。
原句：We work hard to pass the exam.
转换：We work hard in order to/so as to pass the exam.
句首：In order to pass the exam, we work hard.（不可用so as to）
考点4 不定式的基本注意事项（中考易错题）
1. 不定式的否定形式：not to + 动词原形，置于接不定式的动词后，如：Tell him not to be late.
2. 不定式后接动词原形，不受主语人称和数的影响，如：She wants to go shopping.（go不用goes）
3. 不定式可与疑问词（what/where/how/when）连用，如：I don't know how to do it.
4. 部分固定搭配中用不定式：It's + 形容词 + (for sb.) + to do sth.（对某人来说做某事是……的），如：It's important for us to help others.
Part 2 基础巩固习题（分题型，紧扣课本+中考基础考点）
题型1 用所给动词的适当形式填空（基础必练，30空）
（A）不定式作宾语
1. Jin Ya wants ______ (paint) a picture of the park near her home.
2. My best friend and I offered ______ (help) at the children's hospital.
3. We plan ______ (organize) a music concert for the disabled children.
4. She hopes ______ (visit) Liu Yun in her spare time.
5. He decided ______ (do) more voluntary work in the future.
6. They agreed ______ (go) to the old people's home this weekend.
7. The little boy learns ______ (sing) English songs from his teacher.
8. I promise ______ (not tell) anyone about your secret.
9. She can't afford ______ (buy) a new book for the poor child.
10. We will continue ______ (look) after homeless animals.
（B）不定式作宾补（10空，考查sb. to do / 省略to的sb. do）
1. We encouraged the children ______ (express) their own feelings.
2. The teacher taught us ______ (make) paper flowers in class.
3. I saw a girl ______ (cry) in the street yesterday.
4. My mother lets me ______ (watch) TV for an hour every day.
5. He helped the old man ______ (carry) the heavy bag to his home.
6. The boss made the workers ______ (work) for 10 hours a day.
7. Tell him ______ (not be) in low spirits all the time.
8. I heard someone ______ (play) the piano in the next room.
9. We invited our teachers ______ (take part in) our voluntary activity.
10. She noticed a boy ______ (run) out of the classroom quickly.
（C）不定式作目的状语（10空，考查to do表目的）
1. We go to the hospital ______ (cheer up) the sick children.
2. He went to the park ______ (take) some photos for Jin Ya.
3. ______ (raise) money for the poor children, we organized a book fair.
4. She studies hard ______ (get) good grades in the exam.
5. They clean the street ______ (make) the city more beautiful.
6. ______ (learn) English well, I read English every morning.
7. We sing songs ______ (bring) joy to the disabled children.
8. He bought a new pen ______ (write) a letter to his friend.
9. ______ (prevent) the spread of diseases, we wash our hands often.
10. She went to the library ______ (borrow) some books about voluntary work.
题型2 单项选择
1. My classmate offered ______ me with my English homework.
A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped
2. The teacher encouraged us ______ more books in our free time.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
3. I saw him ______ basketball on the playground just now.
A. play B. to play C. playing D. played
4. We organized a painting competition ______ their spirits.
A. raise B. to raise C. raising D. raised
5. My mother told me ______ late for school again.
A. not be B. not to be C. don't be D. not being
6. He made his son ______ the piano for two hours every day.
A. play B. to play C. playing D. played
7. It's important for us ______ people in need.
A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped
8. I don't know ______ to do next. Can you tell me
A. what B. how C. where D. when
9. She heard a girl ______ in the room, so she went in to have a look.
A. cry B. to cry C. cried D. crying
10. We plan ______ to the children's home this Saturday.
A. go B. to go C. going D. went
11. The little girl needs someone ______ her with her homework.
A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped
12. Let him ______ the work by himself. He is old enough.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. did
13. ______ the sick children, we brought them some toys and books.
A. Cheer up B. To cheer up C. Cheering up D. Cheered up
14. He taught himself ______ English when he was in college.
A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learnt
15. The students helped the old woman ______ her lost cat.
A. find B. to find C. finding D. A and B
16. She hopes ______ a volunteer in the children's hospital in the future.
A. be B. to be C. being D. been
17. The boss told the workers ______ over time tonight.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
18. I feel someone ______ my shoulder, so I turned around.
A. touch B. to touch C. touching D. touched
19. We need ______ more voluntary activities to help others.
A. organize B. to organize C. organizing D. organized
20. In order ______ late, he gets up early every morning.
A. not to be B. not be C. to not be D. don't be
题型3 句型转换（中考经典题型，5题，侧重不定式的转换）
1. We organized a book fair to raise money for the poor children.（对划线部分提问）
______ did you organize a book fair
2. He saw a boy play football in the park.（改为被动语态）
A boy ______ ______ ______ play football in the park by him.
3. My mother told me that I should not be sad.（改为简单句，用不定式）
My mother told me ______ ______ ______ sad.
4. We work hard because we want to pass the exam.（改为同义句，用不定式）
We work hard ______ ______ ______ the exam.
5. To keep healthy, we need to exercise every day.（改为同义句，用in order to）
______ ______ ______ keep healthy, we need to exercise every day.
Part 3 能力提升习题
题型1 语法填空（10空，贴合本单元话题，中考必考题型）
Voluntary work is meaningful for everyone. Last Sunday, I decided 1 (do) some voluntary work at the old people's home with my classmates. We wanted 2 (cheer up) the elderly people there, so we planned 3 (sing) songs and tell stories for them. When we arrived, we saw some old people 4 (sit) in the yard quietly. We encouraged them 5 (talk) with us about their life. My classmate Li Ming helped an old grandma 6 (clean) her room, and I taught an old grandpa 7 (use) a smartphone. We stayed there for three hours. We were tired, but we felt happy. We learned that helping others is a kind of joy. We promise 8 (go) there every month. 9 (make) the elderly people feel warm, we will do more for them. It's important for us 10 (help) people in need, and small acts of kindness can make a big difference.
题型2 短文改错（10处错误，侧重不定式的误用，中考难点题型）
Voluntary work is a good way to help others. I want join a voluntary group to help disabled children. 1. ____
I hope teach them to draw pictures and sing songs. 2. ______
My teacher encouraged me not to give up my dream. 3. ______
Last week, I went to the children's hospital to cheer up the sick children. I saw a little girl cry, so I went to comfort her. 4. ______
I told her not be sad and told her some funny stories. 5. ______
She let me to sing a song for her, and I agreed happily. 6. ______
To make her happy, I sang many children's songs. 7. ______
She smiled and clapped her hands. I felt very happy because I could help her. I decide continue to do voluntary work in the future. 8. ______
I want to make more children to feel happy and positive. 9. ______
In order to help more people, I will learn more skills to make myself better. 10. ______
题型3 完成句子（中译英，10句，结合本单元话题+不定式用法）
1. 我主动提出为孤儿院的孩子们买一些书。
I ______ ______ ______ some books for the children in the children's home.
2. 我们组织了一场绘画比赛，为了让生病的孩子们振奋起来。
We organized a painting competition ______ ______ ______ the sick children.
3. 老师鼓励我们参加各种各样的志愿活动。
The teacher ______ us ______ ______ ______ all kinds of voluntary activities.
4. 我看见一位老人在过马路时遇到了困难，所以我去帮他。
I saw an old man ______ ______ ______ the road, so I went to help him.
5. 为了保持社区干净，我们每周都去捡垃圾。
______ ______ the community clean, we go to pick up litter every week.
6. 妈妈让我每天花一个小时的时间做志愿工作。
My mother ______ me ______ an hour every day ______ ______ voluntary work.
7. 对我们来说，帮助有需要的人是非常有意义的。
It's very meaningful ______ ______ ______ ______ people in need.
8. 他决定自学英语，因为他想和外国人交流。
He decided ______ ______ ______ English because he ______ ______ ______ with foreigners.
9. 我听说他们计划为贫困儿童筹集资金。
I heard them ______ ______ ______ money for the poor children.
10. 为了不让他失望，我们都参加了他组织的志愿活动。
______ ______ ______ ______ him down, we all took part in the voluntary activity he organized.
Part 4 阅读提升
题型1 阅读理解
Voluntary work is one of the most beautiful things in the world. It doesn't need special skills, but it needs kindness and love. Many teenagers in China volunteer to help people in need in their spare time. Some of them go to children's hospitals to cheer up sick children. They organize fun activities to make the children happy and teach them to draw or sing. Some go to old people's homes to look after the elderly. They talk with them, help them clean their rooms, and even teach them to use smartphones. Some students also go to poor villages to teach children to study English. They want to help the children open their eyes to the outside world.
A 15-year-old girl named Zhang Li is a volunteer. She goes to a children's home every weekend. She helps the children with their homework and tells them interesting stories. She says, "I want to make the children feel warm and happy. When I see their smiles, I feel very proud of myself." Zhang Li also plans to organize a book fair to raise money for the children. She hopes more people can join her to spread love to everyone around.
Voluntary work not only helps people in need, but also makes us grow up. It teaches us to be kind and helpful. It's important for us to learn to care about others. As the saying goes, "Act of kindness, no matter how small, is worth performing." Let's take action to be a volunteer and make the world a better place.
( )1. What do teenagers do in children's hospitals to help sick children
A. They teach them to use smartphones.
B. They organize fun activities and teach them to draw or sing.
C. They help them with their homework and tell stories.
D. They raise money for them by organizing a book fair.
( )2. Why does Zhang Li go to the children's home every weekend
A. Because she wants to make the children feel warm and happy.
B. Because she needs to finish her homework there.
C. Because her parents ask her to do so.
D. Because she wants to make more friends.
( )3. What plan does Zhang Li have for the poor children
A. She plans to teach them English.
B. She plans to look after the elderly with them.
C. She plans to organize a book fair to raise money for them.
D. She plans to take them to the outside world.
( )4. What can we infer from the passage
A. Voluntary work needs special skills and a lot of money.
B. Only teenagers can do voluntary work in China.
C. Zhang Li feels tired and bored when she does voluntary work.
D. Voluntary work can help us become a better person.
( )5. What's the main idea of the passage
A. Zhang Li is a kind and helpful volunteer.
B. Teenagers in China do different kinds of voluntary work.
C. Voluntary work is meaningful and we should take action to do it.
D. How to organize a voluntary activity for people in need.
语法考点标注（文中不定式考点，供课后分析）
1. Many teenagers in China volunteer to help people in need in their spare time.（作宾语）
2. Some of them go to children's hospitals to cheer up sick children.（作目的状语）
3. They organize fun activities to make the children happy and teach them to draw or sing.（作目的状语/宾补）
4. They want to help the children open their eyes to the outside world.（作宾语）
5. She says, "I want to make the children feel warm and happy."（作宾语）
6. Zhang Li also plans to organize a book fair to raise money for the children.（作宾语/目的状语）
7. She hopes more people can join her to spread love to everyone around.（作目的状语）
8. It's important for us to learn to care about others.（作真正主语）
题型2 任务型阅读
阅读短文，完成表格（每空一词）
Volunteering is a great way to help others and improve yourself. Here are some popular voluntary activities for students:
1. Help sick children: Go to children's hospitals to sing songs or tell stories for sick children. You can teach them to play simple games to cheer them up. It can make you learn to be patient and kind.
2. Look after the elderly: Go to old people's homes to talk with the elderly or help them do housework. You can teach them to use mobile phones to make them keep in touch with their family. It can make you learn to care about others.
3. Help poor children: Go to poor villages to teach children to read and write. You can donate books or pens to them to help them study better. It can make you learn to treasure what you have.
All these voluntary activities are meaningful. You don't need to do big things. Small acts of kindness can also make a big difference. We hope more students can choose to do voluntary work in their spare time.
Voluntary Activities
Who to help What to do What to learn Common points
sick children
the elderly
poor children
Part5 语法与写作融合（本单元话题写作，不定式考点运用）
写作要求
本单元写作话题为“计划一次志愿活动”，请根据提示，写一篇80-100词的短文，介绍你和同学的志愿活动计划，文中至少运用5处动词不定式（作宾语、宾补、目的状语均可），贴合中考写作要求。
提示：1. 活动地点：孤儿院；2. 活动时间：本周六上午；3. 活动内容：辅导作业、教唱歌、送礼物；4. 活动目的：让孩子们开心，感受温暖。
写作思路点拨（不定式考点融入）
1. 开头：表达计划做志愿活动的意愿（不定式作宾语）；
We plan to do some voluntary work at the children's home this Saturday morning.
2. 中间：介绍活动内容（不定式作宾补/目的状语）；
We will help the children to do their homework and teach them to sing English songs.
We will bring some books and toys to them to make them happy.
3. 结尾：表达活动的目的和感受（不定式作目的状语/真正主语）；
We want to make the children feel warm and loved. It's meaningful for us to help people in need.
范文参考（标注不定式考点）
My Voluntary Activity Plan
My classmates and I plan to do (作宾语) some voluntary work at the children's home this Saturday morning. We want to help (作宾语) the children there because they feel lonely without parents. First, we will help them to do (作宾补) their homework. Then we will teach them to sing (作宾补) some happy songs. We also prepare some books and toys to give (作目的状语) to them to cheer them up (作目的状语). We hope to spend a happy morning with them. It's meaningful for us to help (作真正主语) people in need. I believe this activity will make us learn to be kind and helpful.
沪教版八下 Unit1 动词不定式语法学案 全答案+详细解析
Part 2 基础巩固习题
题型1 用所给动词的适当形式填空
（A）不定式作宾语
1. to paint（want to do）
2. to help（offer to do）
3. to organize（plan to do）
4. to visit（hope to do）
5. to do（decide to do）
6. to go（agree to do）
7. to sing（learn to do）
8. not to tell（promise not to do）
9. to buy（afford to do）
10. to look（continue to do）
（B）不定式作宾补
1. to express（encourage sb. to do）
2. to make（teach sb. to do）
3. cry（see sb. do 省略to）
4. watch（let sb. do 省略to）
5. (to) carry（help sb. (to) do）
6. work（make sb. do 省略to）
7. not to be（tell sb. not to do）
8. play（hear sb. do 省略to）
9. to take part in（invite sb. to do）
10. run（notice sb. do 省略to）
（C）不定式作目的状语
1. to cheer up
2. to take
3. To raise
4. to get
5. to make
6. To learn
7. to bring
8. to write
9. To prevent
10. to borrow
题型2 单项选择
1. B offer to do 主动提出做
2. C encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做
3. A see sb. do 看见某人做（全过程）
4. B to do 表目的“为了”
5. B tell sb. not to do 告诉某人不要做
6. A make sb. do 使某人做
7. B It’s + adj. + for sb. to do
8. A what to do 做什么（do缺宾语）
9. A hear sb. do 听见某人做
10. B plan to do 计划做
11. B need sb. to do 需要某人做
12. A let sb. do 让某人做
13. B To do 放句首表目的
14. B teach sb. to do 教某人做
15. D help sb. (to) do 两种都对
16. B hope to do 希望做
17. B tell sb. to do 告诉某人做
18. A feel sb. do 感觉某人做
19. B need to do 需要做
20. A in order not to do 为了不
题型3 句型转换
1. Why（对目的提问用why）
2. was seen to（被动语态还原to）
3. not to be（tell sb. not to do）
4. to pass（不定式表目的）
5. In order to
Part 3 能力提升习题
题型1 语法填空
1. to do（decide to do）
2. to cheer up（want to do）
3. to sing（plan to do）
4. sitting（see sb. doing 看见正在做）
5. to talk（encourage sb. to do）
6. (to) clean（help sb. (to) do）
7. to use（teach sb. to do）
8. to go（promise to do）
9. To make（句首表目的）
10. to help（It’s + adj. + for sb. to do）
题型2 短文改错
1. want ∧ join → to（want to do）
2. hope ∧ teach → to（hope to do）
3. √
4. √
5. not ∧ be → to（tell sb. not to do）
6. 去掉to（let sb. do 不加to）
7. √
8. decide ∧ continue → to（decide to do）
9. 去掉to（make sb. do 不加to）
10. √
题型3 完成句子
1. offered to buy
2. to cheer up
3. encourages; to take part in
4. have trouble crossing
5. To keep
6. lets; spend; to do
7. for us to help
8. to teach himself; wants to communicate
9. plan to raise
10. In order not to let
Part 4 阅读提升
题型1 阅读理解
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. C
题型2 任务型阅读（每空一词）
Who to help What to do What to learn Common points
sick children ：sing songs; tell stories; teach games patient; kind meaningful; small acts
|the elderly : do housework; teach phones care about others
poor children： teach read/write; donate books/pens treasure what you have |

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