2026年中考英语专题复习(人教版) 语法专题课件(共16份)

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2026年中考英语专题复习(人教版) 语法专题课件(共16份)

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(共35张PPT)
第一部分  语法专题
专题三 形容词
考点思维导图
考点讲练
1.形容词的基本形式
形容词用于描述人或事物的性质、特征或状态,常用来修饰、描述名词或代词,意思是“……的”。根据构成形式,形容词可以分为简单形容词和复合形容词。
形容词的基本形式和句法功能
分类 构成形式 例子
简单形容词 单个形容词 daily日常的,good好的,happy幸福的,easy容易的
复合形容词 形容词+名词+ ed absent minded心不在焉的,good natured天性善良的,warm hearted热心肠的,cold blooded冷血的
形容词+形容词 red hot炽热的
形容词+现在分词 easy going随和的,good looking好看的
形容词+过去分词 new born新生的
副词+现在分词 hard working勤奋的
分类 构成形式 例子
复合形容词 副词+过去分词 low paid低薪的
名词+形容词 snow white雪白的
名词+现在分词 trouble making捣乱的
名词+过去分词 heart broken伤心的
数词 名词(单数) 形容词; 数词 名词(单数) a 45 year old lady一名45岁的女士
a 50 word report一篇50词的报告
2. ing形容词和 ed形容词的区别
区别 例句
由动词的 ing形式转化来的形容词表示主动意义,用于描述性质或特征,意为“令人……的;使人……的” He was worried about his worrying son.
他为他令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。
I’m interested in interesting films.
我对有趣的电影感兴趣。
由动词的 ed形式转化来的形容词则表示被动意义,用于描述感受或状态,意为“(人)感到……”
3.形容词的句法功能
句法功能 例句
作定语 Mike can always make others laugh with his humor ous stories.
迈克总是能用他幽默的故事逗别人笑。
作状语 She stared at the math problem,unsu re of how to solve it.
她盯着这道数学题,不确定如何解答它。
作表语 I feel lone ly when my parents are away from home.
我的父母不在家时,我感到孤单。
作宾语补足语 Every weekday we keep our classroom clean an d tidy.
每个工作日我们都保持教室干净和整洁。
【注意】
(1)形容词修饰something、anything、nothing、everything等复合不定代词时,置于其后。如:
I have something important to tell you.
我有一些重要的事情告诉你。
(2)用and或or连接的两个或多个形容词作定语时,一般置于被修饰的名词后面,起进一步解释的作用。如:
You can take any box away, big or small.
这些盒子,不管大小,你都可以拿走。
(3)“the+形容词”表示一类人或物。如:
The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。
( )1.(2025内蒙古)It was really a     day for me and I needed a helping hand.
A.nice B.difficult C.normal
( )2.For example, the painting Sunflowers is very     all over the world.
A.humorous B.polite C.famous D.quiet
B
C
( )3.I spoke in a rush. “Oh, thank you, sir!” I left the headmaster’s office, feeling    . 
A.angry B.great C.young D.tired
( )4.Together, the dog and the officer go through a     program of difficult training.
A.four month B.four months C.four month’s D.four months of
5.(2025内蒙古)I saw your graduation photo. That is so interesting(interest)! Learning that you are studying traditional Chinese medicine, I want to know more about it.
B
A
interesting
1.形容词比较级和最高级的规则变化
形容词比较级和最高级的构成
变化规则 例子
单音节词和部分以 er、 ow结尾的双音节词,一般在词尾加 er/ est slow→slower→slowest,
high→higher→highest
以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词,在词尾加 r/ st late→later→latest,nice→nicer→nicest
以辅音字母加 y结尾的形容词,把y变成i,再加 er/ est happy→happier→happiest,
busy→busier→busiest
变化规则 例子
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写该辅音字母,再加 er/ est big→bigger→biggest,hot→hotter→hottest,
wet→wetter→wettest,thin→thinner→thinnest
多音节词和部分双音节词,在其前加more/most tired→more tired→most tired,
popular→more popular→most popular,
delicious→more delicious→most delicious
2.形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化
many/much→more→most little→less→least
bad/ill→worse→worst good→better→best
far→farther→farthest(表示距离) far→further→furthest(表示程度)
old→older→oldest(强调年龄大小) old→elder→eldest(强调长幼之别)
【注意】
(1)有些形容词一般没有比较级,如wrong、empty、perfect等。
(2)有些形容词前可加less或least,表示“较不”或“最不”。
1.(2025内蒙古)Oslo is the capital of Norway and is lar ger(large) than any other city in the country.
2.(原创)Helen’s schoolbag looks nice, but it is much hea vier(heavy) than mine.
3.(原创)On this hiking trail, the fart hest (far) viewpoint offers the best view of the lake.
larger
heavier
farthest
4.Talking to your pet about your worries can make you feel more comfortable and helps you feel b etter(good).
5.What a lovely reading room! It’s one of the nic est (nice) in our school.
better
nicest
1.形容词原级的用法
形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法
用法 例句
very、quite、rather、too、enough、so等词可修饰原级,表示程度 The library is very quiet.
图书馆很安静。
“A+be+as+原级+as+B”表示“A和B一样” Kate is as tall as Jim.
凯特和吉姆一样高。
“A+be+not as/so+原级+as+B”表示“A不如B” The movie isn’t as/so interesting as that one.
这部电影不像那部电影那么有趣。
“A+be+倍数+as+原级+as+B”表示“A是B的……倍” This tree is three times as tall as that one.
这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。
2.形容词比较级的用法
用法 例句
“比较级+than+比较对象”表示两者之间的比较 I think English is more interesting than Japanese.我觉得英语比日语有趣。
much、a little、a bit、a lot、even、far、still、three times等词可修饰比较级,表示程度 You are much busier than your elder sister.
你比你姐姐忙多了。
“比较级+and+比较级/more and more+原级”表示“越来越……” He is getting stronger and stronger.
他越来越强壮了。
“the+比较级(+名词)…,the+比较级(+名词)…”表示“越……,就越……” The more exercise you take,the healthier life you will have.
你运动得越多,你的生活就会越健康。
用法 例句
“A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B(+be)”表示“A比B(大/多……)……倍” Their school is three times bigger than ours.
他们的学校比我们的学校面积大三倍。
“the+比较级+of the two”表示两者中更……的一个 It is the busier of the two streets.
这是两条街道中较繁华的一条。
【注意】
(1)进行比较时,比较的内容要一致。如:
The population of China is much larger than that of the USA.中国的人口比美国多很多。
(2)进行比较时,注意any和any other的区别:any用于不同范围之间的比较,而any other则用于同一范围内一个人或物与其他人或物的比较。如:
Lucy is taller than any other student in her class.露西比她班上任何同学都要高。
China is larger than any country in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都要大。
3.形容词最高级的用法
用法 例句
“the+最高级+of/in+比较范围”表示三者或三者以上中最……的一个 The Pacific is by far the largest ocean in the world.
太平洋是目前世界上最大的海洋。
用法 例句
“one of the+最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……之一” He is one of the best tennis players in the world.
他是世界上最好的网球运动员之一。
“the+序数词+最高级+可数名词单数”表示“第几最……” The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长河。
4.形容词比较等级的转换
等级转换 构成 例句
原级变比较级 not as/so…as…=比较级+than Tom is not so/as careful as John.
=Tom is less careful than John.
汤姆不如约翰细心。
比较级表示最高级的意义 比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数 Betty is more careful than any other student in her class.
贝蒂比她班上任何一个学生都仔细。
比较级+than+the other+可数名词复数 Sam is more interesting than the other students in his class.
萨姆比他班上的其他学生更有趣。
等级转换 构成 例句
比较级表示最高级的意义 比较级+than+anyone/anything else Tina is taller than anyone else in her class.
蒂娜比她班上的任何一个人都高。
No one/Nothing+be+比较级+than… No one is shorter than Lucy in her class.
露西的班上没有一个人比她矮。
5.常见的含有形容词的固定短语
分类 常见短语
be+adj.+at                 
be good at擅长 be surprised at对……感到惊讶
be angry at因……生气 be disappointed at对……感到失望
be+adj.+about                 
be worried about对……感到担忧
be nervous about对……感到紧张
be excited about对……感到兴奋
be sure about对……有把握
分类 常见短语
be+adj.+for                 
be famous for因……而著名
be good for对……有益
be ready for为……准备好
be thankful for因……而感激
be+adj.+of                 
be fond of喜欢 be careful of小心;留心
be proud of对……感到自豪 be afraid of害怕
分类 常见短语
be+adj.+with be strict with对……严格 be filled with充满
be pleased/satisfied with对……感到满意
be busy with忙于
be+adj.+to be polite/rude to对……礼貌/粗鲁 
be harmful to对……有危害
be friendly/kind to对……友好 be similar to和……相似
be+adj.+in be interested in对……感兴趣 be weak in在……方面弱
be rich in富含 be lack in缺乏
6.四组常见形容词(短语)的辨析
词汇 用法 例句
lonely/ alone lonely作定语或表语,描述情绪时意为“孤单的,寂寞的”;修饰地点时意为“荒凉的,偏僻的” Our teachers take good care of us,so we never feel lonely.
我们的老师把我们照顾得很好,因此我们从来没感到过寂寞。
alone作形容词时意为“独自的”,可用作表语或定语;作副词时意为“单独地,独自地”,可用作状语 I didn’t like being alone at home.
我不喜欢独自在家。
He was sitting on the bed alone when we saw him.
当我们看见他的时候,他正独自坐在床上。
词汇 用法 例句
pleased/ pleasant pleased常作表语,意为“高兴的,满意的”,相当于happy/glad My mother was pleased with my success.
我的母亲对我的成功很满意。
pleasant作定语或表语,意为“令人愉快的” What a pleasant trip!
多么愉快的一次旅行啊!
sleepy/ asleep sleepy作定语或表语,意为“困倦的,想睡觉的” It’s a sleepy cat.
这是一只想睡觉的猫。
asleep常作表语,意为“睡着了的”,强调状态 Sue never falls asleep in class.
苏从不在课堂上睡觉。
词汇 用法 例句
too much/ too many too much后接不可数名词,意为“太多” There is too much sugar in the coffee.
咖啡里太多糖了。
too many后接可数名词复数,意为“太多” There are too many people in the market today.
今天市场里太多人了。
( )1.(2025内蒙古改编)With a full stomach and a clean, fully repaired bike, I felt like the     man in the world.
A.slowest B.healthiest  C.luckiest
( )2.(原创)Many people think eating at home is     than eating in the restaurant.
A.healthy B.healthier
C.healthiest D.the healthiest
C
B
( )3.—Tom, can you help me with the housework?
—Sure, but I’m     right now.
A.lost B.busy C.worried D.lonely
( )4.I really get mad when you take things without asking, but breaking your toy wasn’t     . 
A.right B.easy C.enough D.crazy
B
A(共30张PPT)
第一部分  语法专题
专题十二 谓语动词的时态
考点思维导图
考点讲练
 时态是句子的谓语动词根据其所发生的时间和所处的状态而呈现出的不同形式。根据课标(2022年版),考生需要重点掌握以下六种常用时态。
1.一般现在时的构成
(1)be动词:主语+am/is/are/am not/isn’t/aren’t+其他。
(2)实义动词:第三人称单数主语+动词的第三人称单数形式+其他;第三人称单数主语+doesn’t+动词原形+其他;非第三人称单数主语+动词原形+其他;非第三人称单数主语+don’t+动词原形+其他。
一般现在时
2.一般现在时的用法
 采用连线形式将下列使用语境与例句进行匹配。
使用语境 例句
(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态 (2)表示现在的兴趣、爱好或想法 (3)表示现在的性格、能力或职业 (4)表示客观事实和普遍真理 (5)按时刻表、日历等即将发生的事 (6)在时间或条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来 A.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
B.If it rains tomorrow,we won’t go to the park.
C.She often goes to school by bike.
D.My parents are farmers.
E.The train for Wuhan leaves at 7:00 a.m.
F.I like football and I’m a member of the school football team.
Keys:(1)C (2)F (3)D (4)A (5)E (6)B
1.(2025内蒙古)I don’t know if everyone lik es (like) winter sports in Norway, but a lot of us enjoy skiing and snowboarding (see the photo of me).
2.As biking has become a lifestyle, experts beli eve(believe) that this biking craze will continue. They expect a sharp increase in the number of bike riders.
likes
believe
3.Traditional Chinese culture pr ovides(provide) special experiences for the entertainment industry.
4.Many Western countries hol d(hold) dragon boat races every year, like Sweden, Canada and the USA. The Dragon Boat Festival is becoming more and more popular around the world.
provides
hold
1.一般过去时的构成
(1)be动词:主语+was/were/wasn’t/weren’t+其他。
(2)实义动词:主语+动词过去式+其他;主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他。
2.一般过去时的用法
  采用连线形式将下列使用语境与例句进行匹配。
一般过去时
Keys:(1)B (2)D (3)C (4)A
使用语境 例句
(1)表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态 (2)表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作 (3)根据语境推断为过去的动作或状态 (4)在含有since(自从)的复合句中,主句用现在完成时,since引导的从句用一般过去时 A.You haven’t changed much since we met.
B.I got up at six this morning.
C.She felt sorry to miss the bus and decided to walk to school.
D.When I was in the countryside,I often went fishing in the river.
( )1.Betty does not have a natural gift(天赋) for math. She never     that she could be a scientist one day when she was little.
A.thinks B.think C.thought
( )2.Day by day, the weather got cooler. The leaves    their color slowly and tiny apples appeared among them.
A.have changed B.changes C.change D.changed
C
D
( )3.She    herself that she still had a long way to go and that she should keep practicing.
A.tell B.tells C.told
4.(2025内蒙古)Well, I grad uat ed (graduate) from college last year and I’m working in an office now.
C
graduated
1.一般将来时的构成
(1)主语+will/shall/won’t+动词原形+其他。
(2)主语+am/is/are/am not/isn’t/are’t going to+动词原形+其他。
一般将来时
2.一般将来时的用法
 采用连线形式将下列使用语境与例句进行匹配。
Keys:(1)B (2)C (3)A
使用语境 例句
(1)表示打算或计划要做某事 (2)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 (3)表示根据已有迹象推断即将发生的事 A.Look!It’s going to rain.
B.I’m going to visit Beijing next Sunday.
C.We will have a meeting tomorrow.
( )1.“I can also enjoy the beauty and the changes of the city. In the next few years, I     to every corner of the city,” she says. “I hope my grandma will be young, healthy and happy forever!”
A.walk B.walked C.will walk
C
( )2.—Good news! Your favorite singer     a concert this Sunday.
—I have to study for an exam at that time. What a pity!
A.held  B.holds
C.have held  D.will hold
( )3.I don’t know if it     sunny tomorrow. If it     sunny, I will go fishing.
A.will be; is  B.is; will be  C.will be; is going to be
D
A
4.(2025内蒙古改编)Someone shouted my name on the bus. And you
will never gue ss (never guess) who was standing behind me.
will never guess
1.现在进行时的构成
 主语+am/is/are/am not/isn’t/aren’t+动词的 ing形式+其他。
2.现在进行时的用法
 采用连线形式将下列使用语境与例句进行匹配。
现在进行时
使用语境 例句
(1)表示说话时正在进行的动作 (2)表示现阶段(相对较长一段时间内)正在进行的动作 (3)某些动词(如come、go等)用现在进行时表示将来 (4)与always、continually、constantly、forever等频度副词连用,表示赞扬、厌烦等语气 A.They are studying hard this term.
B.The bus is coming soon.
C.She is reading now.
D.Jim is always getting into trouble with the law.
Keys:(1)C (2)A (3)B (4)D
( )1.(原创)Look! The soccer players     for the upcoming match in the playground right now.
A.train B.are training
C.trained D.are going to train
( )2.(原创)—Judy, I haven’t finished my dinner yet.
—Hurry up! The taxi     for us downstairs.
A.wait B.have waited C.is waiting D.will wait
B
C
( )3.—Hello, is that Jim speaking? This is Peter speaking.
—Sorry. Jim     for the station to meet his father. His train    at 2:30 p.m.
A.will leave; will arrive   B.leaves; was arriving
C.is leaving; was arriving   D.is leaving; arrives
D
1.过去进行时的构成
 主语+was/were/wasn’t/weren’t+动词的 ing形式+其他。
2.过去进行时的用法
  采用连线形式将下列使用语境与例句进行匹配。
过去进行时
使用语境 例句
(1)表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作 (2)表示过去某个时间段正在进行的动作 (3)表示过去的将来 A.When I was watering flowers,it suddenly began to rain.
B.What was she doing at nine o’clock yesterday?
C.She said she was leaving for Shanghai.
Keys:(1)B (2)A (3)C
( )1.—We couldn’t find you anywhere around 8 o’clock yesterday evening.
—I’m sorry for that. I     in the supermarket then.
A.shop  B.am shopping  C.was shopping  D.will shop
( )2.When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he     an old man cross the road.
A.helps B.was helping C.will help
C
B
( )3.While we     an English song, some visitors came into our classroom.
A.were singing B.sang C.are singing
A
1.现在完成时的构成
 主语+have/has/haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词+其他。
2.现在完成时的用法
 采用连线形式将下列使用语境与例句进行匹配。
现在完成时
使用语境 例句
(1)始于过去并延续到现在的动作或状态 (2)过去发生或已完成的动作对现在产生的影响或结果 (3)从过去某一时间到现在反复发生的动作 (4)表示“某人第几次做某事” A.His story has encouraged many people.
B.I have visited the Great Wall many times.
C.This is the second time he has tried to run away.
D.It’s been a fantastic experience so far.
Keys:(1)D (2)A (3)B (4)C
3.常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
短暂性动词 延续性动词 短暂性动词 延续性动词
have arrived/reached have been in have begun/started have been on
have borrowed have kept have bought have had
have closed/opened have been closed/open have died have been dead
have joined have been in have left have been away
have put on have worn have caught/got a cold have had a cold
( )1.Alex     tea culture since he came to China in 2010.
A.studies B.studied C.has studied D.was studying
( )2.The strong boy     to play Chinese Kungfu since he was very young.
A.will learn  B.has learned  C.learns  D.was learning
C
B
( )3.—Jenny, why don’t you take your own umbrella? Where is yours?
—Someone else     my umbrella by mistake. I can’t find it now.
A.will take  B.is taking  C.has taken  D.was taken
4.(2025内蒙古改编)Many of his runs have rai sed(raise) money for charity, and he is popular in the community.
C
have raised(共20张PPT)
第一部分  语法专题
专题十三 被动语态
考点思维导图
考点讲练
语态是动词的一种形式,用于说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者,使用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,则使用被动语态。
初中阶段常考的四种被动语态
1.由主动语态变为被动语态的步骤
(1)主动语态句子里的宾语变为被动语态句子的主语。
(2)主动语态的谓语动词变为被动语态的谓语形式,即“be+及物动词的过去分词”。助动词be既要保持主动句的时态,又要与被动句的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
(3)主动语态句子里的主语变为介词by的宾语,再将整个by短语置于谓语动词之后,有时这个短语可以省略。
【注意】
happen、rise、succeed、remain、lie等不及物动词没有被动语态。如:
A terrible car accident happened at the crossroads yesterday.
昨天,在十字路口发生了一起可怕的车祸。
2.初中阶段常考的四种被动语态
被动语态 构成 例句
一般现在时的被动语态 am/is/are+done Some trees are planted by them every year.
他们每年种一些树。
被动语态 构成 例句
一般过去时的被动语态 was/were+done Some trees were planted by them last year.
他们去年种了一些树。
一般将来时的被动语态 ①will be+done ②am/is/are going to be+done Some trees will be planted by them next year.他们明年会种一些树。
含情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+be+done The repairs should be done by the end of the week.修理工作应该在本周末前完成。
( )1.(2024内蒙古二模)Yuan Longping saved millions of people from hunger, and he     forever in China and around the world.
A.will remember   B.remembered
C.will be remembered   D.is remembering
C
( )2.Chinese     by more and more people in the world these days.
A.speak B.spoke C.is spoken D.was spoken
( )3.The photos are beautiful. I wonder where they     .
A.will be taken B.are taking C.were taken
C
C
4.(2025内蒙古)The Jining-Datong-Yuanping High-speed Railway became operational (运营的) on Tuesday… The 309-kilometer line is designe d
(design) for trains running at up to 250 kilometers per hour, and runs between Ulaanqab in Inner Mongolia and Yuanping in Shanxi.
5.After the dog is train ed(train), it will use its super powerful nose to help the officer look for criminals, search for stolen things and sniff(嗅) out something dangerous and illegal.
designed
is trained
1.主动形式表被动意义
(1)look、smell、taste、feel、sound等感官动词,用于描述特征时,用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
The dress feels soft, so she likes it very much.这条裙子摸起来很柔软,因此她非常喜欢它。
The little girl’s voice sounds sweet.这个小女孩的声音听起来很甜美。
被动语态的特殊形式
(2)write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、burn、drive等作不及物动词,常与一些副词连用,且主语为物时,可用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
This kind of toy sells well.这种玩具卖得很好。
The pen writes smoothly.这支钢笔写字很流畅。
(3)want、need、 require后接动词的 ing形式,表示“需要被……”,用主动形式表被动意义。如:
The bike is broken, and it needs repairing.这辆自行车坏了,需要修理。
(4)在be worth doing中,doing表示被动意义。如:
This house is worth buying.这间房子值得买。
2.主动语态变被动语态的特殊规则
(1)带双宾语的句子变成被动语态时,通常将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语,保留直接宾语;如果将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,则要在间接宾语前加介词to或for。如:
My mother gave me a hat.→I was given a hat (by my mother).→A hat was given to me (by my mother).我母亲给了我一顶帽子。
(2)make、see、hear、watch、notice等动词后常跟不带to的不定式,在变为被动语态时要加to。如:
He makes me do this or that.
→I am made to do this or that (by him).他让我做这做那。
(3)“不及物动词+介词/副词”的动词短语在变为被动语态时,其中的介词或副词不能省略。如:
My mother looks after us very well.→We are looked after (by my mother) very well.
我母亲把我们照顾得很好。
3.被动语态常用短语
短语 例句
be made in 在……地方/时间制造 These cars are made in China.这些车是中国制造的。
be made by sb. 由某人制成 This cake was made by my younger sister.这个蛋糕是由我妹妹做的。
be made of 由……制造(看得出原料或制作过程中发生了物理变化) This solar powered house is made of glass.这座太阳能的房子是由玻璃制成的。
be made from 由……制造(看不出原料或制作过程中发生了化学变化) Paper is made from trees.纸是由树木制成的。
be filled with=be full of 装满;充满 The air is filled with/full of birdsong.处处闻啼鸟。
have/get sth. done 让/使某事被做(让某事由别人做) I had my hair cut yesterday.昨天我理发了。
( )1.—My robot doesn’t work. What should I do?
—I think it needs     . You can call the customer service department.
A.check B.checking C.be checked
( )2.Jerry is made     this hobby by a sense of achievement.
A.love B.loved C.loving D.to love
B
D
( )3.It     that the world’s first space hotel will be built in the near future.
A.reports B.reported C.is reported D.has reported
4.The guidebook says the new art exhibition downtown is well worth
visitin g(visit).
C
visiting(共39张PPT)
第一部分  语法专题
专题十一 句子种类及主谓一致
考点思维导图
考点讲练
注:课标(2022年版)对反意疑问句不作要求。
注:课标(2022年版)对主谓一致仅作理解要求。
1.陈述句
  用于陈述一件事情或表达一种看法的句子,叫作陈述句。陈述句分为肯定句(用于陈述事实)和否定句(用于否定事实)。如:
There is something interesting in the museum.博物馆里有一些有趣的东西。
They are not friends now.他们现在不是朋友。
陈述句和疑问句
(1)含有some、something、somebody的肯定句变为否定句时,应将其改为any、anything、anybody。如:
I have some interesting books.我有一些有趣的书。
→I don’t have any interesting books.我没有有趣的书。
(2)含有both、all、everything、everyone、everybody的肯定句变为否定句时,应将其改为neither、none、nothing、no one、nobody。如:
Both of my parents like watching TV shows.我的父母都喜欢看电视节目。
→Neither of my parents likes watching TV shows.我父母都不喜欢看电视节目。
(3)当陈述句为“I think/believe…+宾语从句”结构时,若需否定宾语从句,通常将否定词移至主句的谓语动词前,即“I don’t think/believe…+宾语从句”。如:
I don’t think I am old enough to drive.我认为我还没到开车的年龄。
2.疑问句
用于提出问题的句子,叫作疑问句,句末用问号。疑问句分为四类:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
(1)一般疑问句为用yes和no回答的疑问句,由系动词be、助动词或情态动词置于句首构成。如:
—Does Mary like playing volleyball?玛丽喜欢打排球吗?
—Yes,she does. 是的,她喜欢。
—No,she doesn’t. 不,她不喜欢。
(2)用疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。如:
What’s your favorite subject?你最喜欢的科目是什么?
How soon will you come back to school?你多久会回到学校?
(3)在选择疑问句中,说话者提出两个或多个并列选项供对方选择,选项常用or连接。如:
Does she like flowers or handbags?她喜欢花还是手提包?
Which do you want,a cake or a cookie?你想要哪一个,蛋糕还是曲奇饼?
( )1.(原创)—     do you visit your grandparents?
—Usually twice a month.
A.How long B.How often C.How far
( )2.—     you usually go to school by bike, Simon?
—Yes, I do.
A.Does B.Do C.Is
1.感叹句
  感叹句是指表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈情感的句子,有多种表现形式,有时一个单词或短语也可以构成感叹句。初中阶段需掌握what和how引导的感叹句。
感叹句和祈使句
分类 构成 例句
what引导的感叹句 What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! What a smart boy(he is)!
多么聪明的男孩啊!
What+adj.+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)! What interesting books(they are)!
多么有趣的书啊!
分类 构成 例句
what引导的感叹句 What+adj.+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)! What fresh air(it is)!多么新鲜的空气啊!
What(+a/an)+名词! What a surprise!太令人惊讶了!
how引导的感叹句 How+adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)! How high he jumps!他跳得多高啊!
How+主语+谓语! How time flies!时间过得真快啊!
2.祈使句
 祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常省略,谓语动词用原形。
形式 结构 例句
肯定形式 Be型:Be+表语(+其他) Be quiet!安静!
Do型:动词原形(+其他) Come on time!准时来!
Let型:Let+宾语+动词原形(+其他) Let’s go!我们走吧!
否定形式 No型:No+名词/动名词 No parking!禁止停车!
Don’t/Never+动词原形(+其他) Don’t eat in class!不要在课堂上吃东西!
Don’t let+sb.+动词原形=Let sb.+not+动词原形(+其他) Don’t let him stay at home alone.
不要让他独自待在家里。
( )1.     brave to face the difficulties, and you’ll grow stronger.
A.Being B.To be C.Be
( )2.—It was sunny several minutes ago, but it’s raining heavily now!
—     difference a day makes!
A.What B.What a C.How
C
B
1.句子成分
  构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分分为主要成分和次要成分:主要成分包括主语和谓语;次要成分包括表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和同位语。
简单句
句子成分 构成 例句
主语 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或主语从句等 No one was hurt by the accident.
没有人在这次事故中受伤。
谓语 动词、动词短语或“情态动词/助动词+动词” He put the book on the desk.
他把书放在了桌子上。
表语 名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词、表语从句等,一般位于系动词后 The weather has turned cold.
天气已经变冷了。
Our English teacher is an Am erican.
我们的英语老师是美国人。
句子成分 构成 例句
宾语 名词、代词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等,一般位于及物动词或介词后 Young people should look after themselves.
年轻人应该照顾自己。
定语 形容词、分词、名词、介词短语、定语从句等 There are some very useful tips.
有一些很有用的提示。
句子成分 构成 例句
补语 名词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等 The president asked some policemen
to find out th e truth.
总统要求警察查明真相。
状语 副词、介词短语、动词不定式、状语从句等 Most sports stars practice ha rd.
绝大部分体育明星都刻苦训练。
同位语 名词、代词、同位语从句等 Helen,a brave woman,wanted to watch herson run.
海伦,一位勇敢的女士,想看她儿子跑步。
2.简单句的五种基本句型
基本句型 例句
主语+不及物动词(S+V) I see.我明白了。
主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) She looks very excited.她看起来很激动。
主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O) He had a wonderful idea.
他有一个绝妙的主意。
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) Johnny offered Tom two books.
约翰尼给了汤姆两本书。
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC) I saw the little girl dancing in the room.
我看见那个小女孩在房间里跳舞。
1.我工作。    I wo rk.
2.汤姆在忙。   Tom is busy.
3.她学英语。   She studie s English.
4.我母亲给我买了一本新书。 My mo ther bought me a new book.
5.她成为了一名科学家。   She beca me a scientist.
6.约翰每天晚上看电视。   John watches T V every evening.
7.学生们保持教室干净。   Students keep th eir classroom clean.
I work.
Tom is busy.
She studies English.
My mother bought me a new book.
She became a scientist.
John watches TV every evening.
Students keep their classroom clean.
1.There be句型的结构
 There be句型表示“有……”。常用句式如下:
There be 句型
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 There be+主语+其他. There are two books and a pencil box in the schoolbag.
书包里有两本书和一个铅笔盒。
否定句 There be not+主语+其他. There aren’t any trees in the pictures.
这些照片里没有树。
疑问句 Be there+主语+其他? —Is there any water in the glass?杯子里有水吗?
—Yes,there is.是的,有。
—No,there isn’t.不,没有。
2.There be句型的各种时态
时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 There is/are… There is an apple on the table.
桌子上有一个苹果。
一般过去时 There was/were… There was a basketball match in our school yesterday.
昨天我们学校有一场篮球赛。
一般将来时 There will be… There is/are going to be… There will be a class meeting this afternoon.
今天下午有一场班会。
现在完成时 There has/have been… There have been many changes in recent years.
近几年里发生了许多变化。
【注意】
(1)There be句型可以与其他助动词或情态动词连用。如:
There must be a mistake. 一定是弄错了。
There might have been a strike. 可能有过一场罢工。
(2)There be句型遵循“就近一致”原则。如:
There is a letter and some pens in the bag.包里有一封信和一些钢笔。
3.固定搭配
(1)There is no need to do… (没必要做……)。如:
There is no need to wear school uniforms on Sundays.星期天没必要穿校服。
(2)There is no doubt that… (毫无疑问……)。如:
There is no doubt that the smart phone has greatly changed people’s lives.
智能手机已经大大地改变了人们的生活,这一点是毋庸置疑的。
( )1.Look! There     some information about traffic rules in this book.
A.is B.are C.was
( )2.—Oh, no! Your brother left his umbrella at home. There
   heavy rain this afternoon.
—Don’t worry, Mom. I’ll bring it to him.
A.was B.has been C.are D.will be
A
D
( )3.—What’s in the glass?
—      some milk in it.
A.There has B.There have C.There are D.There is
4.(2025内蒙古)There ______ nine stops and the line cuts the travel time between Hohhot and Taiyuan by nearly 2 hours.
5.(原创)There ____ no need for you to be anxious about the speech competition, as you still have a month to prepare for it.
D
are
is
  在英语句子中,谓语受主语支配,其在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致,这种现象被称为主谓一致。主谓一致主要可归纳为三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1.语法一致原则
  语法一致是指句子的谓语要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
主谓一致
主语 谓语 例句
不可数名词、可数名词单数或表示单数意义的代词 单数 Some bread is on the table.
一些面包在桌子上。
单个动词不定式、动名词或从句 To study hard is our job.
努力学习是我们的责任。
the number of+可数名词复数 The number of tourists is growing.
游客的数量日渐增长。
one of+可数名词复数 One of his books is on the table.
他的一本书在桌子上。
主语 谓语 例句
each、another、either、neither及由some、any、no等加 one、 body或 thing构成的复合不定代词 单数 Each of us has a bike.
我们每个人都有一辆自行车。
可数名词复数或表示复数意义的代词 复数 The boys like playing football.
男孩子们喜欢踢足球。
a number of+可数名词复数 A number of songs are played by the boy.
这个男孩演奏了许多歌曲。
both…and…连接的两个名词或代词 Both Edward and Henry are good students.
爱德华和亨利都是好学生。
主语 谓语 例句
and连接的两个名词或代词 指同一个人 单数 The singer and dancer is talking with his students over there.
那个歌舞演员正在那边和他的学生谈话。
指不同的人、事物或概念 复数 The singer and the dancer are talking about their careers.
歌手和舞者在谈论他们的事业。
主语 谓语 例句
主语后面跟有with、together with、along with、except、but、like、as well as、rather than、more than、no less than、besides、including等词或结构 与前面的主语保持一致  She as well as the other students has learned how to type.
她和其他学生一样学会了打字。
Jack with his children watches TV each weekend.杰克和他的孩子们每个周末都看电视。
主语 谓语 例句
many a/an+名词单数,more than one+名词单数 单数 Many a person has read the novel.
许多人读过这本小说。
定语从句的关系代词为that、who、which时 与先行词保持一致 Sarah is one of the students who are praised.
萨拉是受到表扬的学生之一。
2.意义一致原则
  意义一致,即概念一致,是指谓语动词的形式要和主语所表达的概念一致。
主语 谓语 例句
集体名词,如family、group、crowd、class、teamgovernment等 表示整体概念 单数 The class is the winner.这个班级是赢家。
表示集体中的成员 复数 Our class are talking about the film.
我们班正在谈论这部电影。
主语 谓语 例句
常作复数的名词,如people、police、youth等 复数 People here are friendly and helpful.
这里的人都很友好,乐于助人。
the+姓氏复数,the+形容词(或分词) The Greens are enjoying themselves.
格林一家/格林夫妇正玩得很开心。
主语 谓语 例句
时间、金钱、距离、度量、数学运算等 单数 Ten years has passed since Aiden came to Shenzhen.
艾登来到深圳已经十年了。
以 s结尾,而意义为单数的名词,如news、physics、maths、politics等,或专有名词,如the United States等 The news sounds exciting.
消息听起来令人振奋。
Physics is kind of difficult.
物理有点难。
主语 谓语 例句
a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of+名词 与of 后的 名词 保持 一致 There is plenty of rain in this area every year.
这个地区每年都有大量的雨水。
分数/百分数+of+名词 The population of this land is 1.36 billion and 70% of the population are peasants.
这片土地有13.6亿人口,其中70%是农民。
3.就近一致原则
 就近一致是指谓语动词和靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
结构 例句
Here/There be句型 Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
or,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but… Either John’s parents or he lives in the old house.
不是约翰的父母就是他自己住在那所旧房子里。
Not only Jack but also his friends want to go skating.
不只杰克,还有他的朋友们也想去滑冰。
1.(2025内蒙古改编)He has lived and farmed all his life in an area of the Lake District which has (have) many mountains, including the tallest mountain in England.
2.(原创)Now a number of young people ar e(be) interested in blind boxes.
3.Not only Amanda but also her brother car es(care) about the environment. They always try to save energy.
has
are
cares(共43张PPT)
第一部分  语法专题
专题二 动词
考点思维导图
考点讲练
1.动词基本形式的变化规则
  英语动词的五种基本形式为动词原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。原形是动词最基本的形式,不作任何变化。其他形式的构成规则如下:
动词的基本形式
动词形式 变化规则 例子
第三人称 单数形式 ①一般情况,直接加 s ②以 s、 ch、 x、 sh、 o结尾的动词,加 es ③以辅音字母加 y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加 es ④有些动词有特殊变化,如have、be put→puts,help→helps
watch→watches,go→goes,brush→brushes,fix→fixes
carry→carries
have→has,be→is
过去式 ①一般情况,直接加 ed ②以不发音的 e结尾的动词,加 d ③以辅音字母加 y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加 ed ④以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写词尾的辅音字母,再加 ed ⑤不规则变化,参见课标(2022年版)《不规则动词表》 look→looked,walk→walked
move→moved,use→used
study→studied,try →tried
plan→planned,stop →stopped
is→was/were,do→did,take→took,
hold→held,make→made
动词形式 变化规则 例子
过去分词 ①规则变化,与动词过去式变化规则相同 ②不规则变化,参见课标(2022年版)《不规则动词表》 work→worked,marry→married
do→done,forget→forgotten
现在分词 ①一般情况,直接加 ing ②以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写词尾的辅音字母,再加 ing ③以 ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加 ing ④以不发音的 e结尾的动词,去e,再加 ing teach→teaching,listen→listening
get→getting,run→running
lie→lying,tie→tying
wake→waking,have→having
2.动词基本形式的用法
基本形式 用法 例句
动词原形 用于主语为第一、第二人称或第三人称复数的一般现在时;用于一般将来时或过去将来时的主句;用于助动词之后,构成疑问句、否定句;用于情态动词之后;用于祈使句句首;用于不定式符号“to”之后 I talk to my parents every day.
我每天都和父母交谈。
第三人称 单数形式 当一般现在时的主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 The old granny loves dancing.
这位老奶奶热爱跳舞。
基本形式 用法 例句
过去式 用于一般过去时 They tried their best to solve the problem.
他们尽了最大努力来解决这个问题。
过去分词 构成完成时态和被动语态 My dad has gone to Hong Kong.
我爸爸去了香港。
现在分词 构成现在进行时或过去进行时 Look!She is dancing over there.
看!她正在那边跳舞。
( )1.(原创)Lisa     fishing with her grandfather every weekend when she was a kid.
A.goes B.went C.has gone D.is going
( )2.(原创)Kevin is busy now.He     his dirty shoes later.
A.washes B.wash C.was washing D.will wash
( )3.Look! My sister     the table. Let’s give her a hand.
A.set B.sets C.is setting D.was setting
B
D
C
( )4.—Where is Helen?
—I’m not sure. Maybe she     her baseball lesson.
A.had B.was having C.is having D.will have
( )5.—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I     mine behind.
—Sure. Here you are.
A.leave B.have left C.will leave D.was leaving
C
B
  实义动词是指具有完整意义且可以单独作谓语的动词,主要用于表示主语的动作、状态或特征。实义动词根据其后是否必须接宾语,分为及物动词和不及物动词。
实义动词
类别 用法 例句
及物动词 主语+谓语+宾语 I like Chinese.我喜欢语文。
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 (后接双宾语的常见动词:give,bring,buy,lend,tell,show,pass,offer,leave,teach,sell) He bought the boy an apple yesterday.
=He bought an apple for the boy yesterday.
他昨天给那个男孩买了一个苹果。
Please pass me the book.
=Please pass the book to me.
请把那本书递给我。
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 (后接省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词:make,let,see,watch,hear,notice,have,help,feel) We saw the children sing that morning.
我们那天早上看到了孩子们唱歌。
I heard my neighbor singing when I got home.
当我回到家时,我听到邻居在唱歌。
不及物动词 主语+谓语(+状语) A traffic accident happened.
发生了一起交通事故。
【注意】
有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词,如study、open、close、read、grow、drive、play、sing、fly等。以fly为例:
They are flying kites.他们正在放风筝。
Birds can fly. 鸟能飞翔。
( )1.(2025内蒙古)A few years ago, while I was on a cycling (骑自行车) trip in Brazil, I fell off my bike. I     my knees a little bit, but the front wheel of my bike was broken badly.
A.helped B.hurt C.changed
( )2.(2025内蒙古)I walked towards the house, app in hand, and
    on the door.
A.worked B.went C.knocked
B
C
( )3.—There are some after school clubs in our school. You can _______
between the Music Club and the Food and Drink Club.
—I prefer the Food and Drink Club, for I can learn more life skills.
A.avoid B.choose C.hide D.wait
( )4.—What a team! They’re always pulling together.
—Exactly. No force can     them.
A.separate B.push C.guard D.shape
B
A
( )5.—Can you     your new coach?
—Hmm…I think he’s very intelligent and humorous.
A.believe B.describe C.support D.follow
B
  系动词,也称连系动词,本身有词义,但是不能单独作谓语,其后必须跟表语(通常为名词、形容词、介词短语等),构成系表结构。常见系动词的分类及用法如下:
系动词
分类 常见动词 含义 例句
状态系动词 be(am,is,are,was,were) 是 The cake tastes delicious.
这蛋糕尝起来很美味。
The leaves turn yellow in autumn.
树叶在秋天变黄。
表象系动词 seem,appear 好像;似乎
持续系动词 keep,stay,remain 保持
变化系动词 get,become,grow,turn,go 变得
感官系动词 feel,sound,look,taste,smell 感觉/听/看/尝/闻起来
( )1.(原创)The apple juice smells strange.I think it has     bad.
A.kept B.gone C.smelled
( )2.(原创)The scarf I bought yesterday     soft and smooth. It’s made of silk.
A.feels B.looks C.sounds
B
A
( )3.(原创)Not only I but also my sister     too shy to talk in public.
A.am B.is C.are
( )4.(原创)The rules of this competition     the same for the past five years—no major changes have been made.
A.turned   B.grew    C.became   D.stayed
B
D
( )5.(原创)As the project went on, the team’s confidence    、stronger—they finally believed they could finish it on time.
A.kept   B.remained   C.became   D.stayed
C
  助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语,必须和别的动词连用,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句或疑问句。
助动词
常见的助动词 用法 例句
be (am,is,are,was,were) 构成进行时或被动语态 He was training his guide dog at that time.
那时他在训练他的导盲犬。
Will people have robots in the future?
将来人们会有机器人吗?
I haven’t used ChatGPT yet.
我还没使用过ChatGPT。
do(does,did) 构成一般现在时或一般过去时的疑问句和否定句
have(has,had) 构成完成时
will(would) 构成将来时;表示委婉语气
shall(should) 构成将来时(多用于第一人称);表示建议、义务或委婉语气
( )1.Mr.Green     China for five years.
A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been in D.has come to
( )2.Since I was born,my family     in the same flat.
A.live B.will live C.are living D.have lived
( )3.As a traditional Chinese martial art(武术), Tai Chi     to more than 150 countries all over the world so far.
A.spreads B.is spreading C.will spread D.has spread
C
D
D
( )4.—Jane and I     a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us?
—Sure. See you then.
A.had B.have had
C.were having D.are going to have
5.(2025内蒙古改编)Yes. I have n’t(not) seen her for a long time. She did n’t(not) even know I w a s(be) studying here.
D
haven’t
didn’t
was
 情态动词本身有一定的词义,但也要与其他动词一起构成谓语,表示说话者的态度和看法,或表示可能、应该或必要等,给谓语动词增添情感色彩。
1.常见的情态动词
常见的情态动词有can/could、may/might、will/would、shall/should、must、need、dare、ought to、used to、had better等。
情态动词
2.情态动词的特征
特征 例句
无人称和数的变化 I can sing.She can sing.We both can sing.
我能唱歌。她能唱歌。我们都能唱歌。
后接动词原形,与其他动词一起构成谓语 Kevin can go home alone.凯文能独自回家。
将含有情态动词的句子变成否定句或疑问句时,不需要添加其他助动词 Tom can fix cars.汤姆能修车。
→Tom can’t fix cars.汤姆不能修车。
→What can Tom fix?汤姆能修理什么?
3.常见情态动词的用法
用法 句型 例句
表示意愿、请求 Would/Could…? —Yes,I’d like/love to.(肯定回答) —No,thanks/thank you./I’d love to,but…(否定回答) —Would you like to go for a walk in the park?你想去公园散步吗?
—Yes,I’d like/love to.是的,我想去。
—No,thanks/thank you.不,谢谢。
用法 句型 例句
表示请求或询问是否被允许做某事 May…? —Yes,you may/can.(肯定回答) —No,you mustn’t/can’t.(否定回答) —May I book a restaurant for you?
我可以给你预订餐馆吗?
—Yes,you may/can.好的,你可以。
—No,you mustn’t/can’t.不,你不能。
表示必须/需要做某事 Must/Need…? —Yes,you must.(肯定回答) —No,you needn’t/don’t have to.(否定回答) —Must/Need we finish the laundry today?
我们今天必须/需要洗完衣服吗?
—Yes,you must.是的,你们必须洗完。
—No,you needn’t/don’t have to.不,你们不必洗完。
【注意】
(1)had better没有时态变化,其中had为助动词(可在主语后缩写成’d),可用于构成否定句或疑问句。
She’d better leave the scene.她最好离开现场。
→She’d better not leave the scene.她最好不要离开现场。
(2)need和dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。
①用作情态动词,主要用于否定句或疑问句。
—Need I come?(情态动词) 需要我来吗?
—Yes,you must.是的,你必须来。
How dare you say I’m unfair?(情态动词) 你怎么敢说我不公平?
She dare not go out alone at night.(情态动词)她晚上不敢一个人出去。
②用作实义动词,可用于各种句式。
You don’t need to do it yourself.(实义动词) 你不需要自己做这件事。
We should dare to give our own opinions.(实义动词) 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。
( )1.It     be the only way to solve the problem. There are other choices.
A.may not B.mustn’t C.need D.should
( )2.—Whose dictionary is this?
—It     be Sarah’s. Look! Her name is on it.
A.must B.need C.mustn’t D.needn’t
A
A
( )3.—Look! Is that girl Alice?
—No, it     be her. She is on a tour in Beijing now.
A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t
( )4.—Rebecca, have you decided what to do this Saturday?
—Not yet. I    volunteer at the old people’s home.
A.may B.must C.should D.would
B
A
5.(2025内蒙古改编)The story is about Lucy moving across the country to a new town and trying to fit in. She has a hard time making friends because she is a newcomer. I ca n understand Lucy because I also moved to a new town.
can
1.动词短语的类型
动词短语
类型 常见短语 例句
动词+介词 talk to,listen to,talk with,look through,laugh at,worry about,wait for,arrive in/at I will think about it carefully before I make a decision.
在我做决定前,我会认真考虑它。
动词+副词 put on,take off,give up,ring up,pick up,try on,look over,turn up,take away Please pick up the pencil.
=Please pick the pencil up.
请把那支铅笔捡起来。
类型 常见短语 例句
动词+副词+介词 keep away from,look forward to,come up with,run out of,look down upon/on She usually keeps away from this street because of the heavy traffic.
因为交通拥堵,她通常避开这条街。
动词+名词+介词 have a look at,take care of,take part in,make friends with,pay attention to You must pay more attention to your handwriting.你必须多加注意你的书写。
2.常考动词及其短语辨析
(1)与used相关的短语。
短语 含义 例句
be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 Amy used to read books before going to bed,but now she gets used to listening to music.
艾米过去常常在睡觉前看书,但现在她习惯了听音乐。
Umbrellas are used to keep off the rain.
雨伞是用来挡雨的。
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
(2)表示“到达”的词汇及其用法。
词汇及其用法 例句
get(to)+地点 get to school get home/here/there It was hard for him to get to/reach/arrive at school on time.
他很难按时到校。
When will you arrive/get/reach home?
你什么时候到家?
reach+地点 reach school reach home/here/there
arrive in+大地方 arrive at+小地方 arrive+地点副词 arrive in Shanghai arrive at school arrive there/here/home
(3)表示“花费”的动词及其用法。
词汇 含义 主语 用法 例句
spend 花费(时 间、金钱) 人 ①sb.spend+时间/金钱+on sth.某人在某物/某事上花费时间/金钱 ②sb.spend +时间/金钱+(in)doing sth.某人花费时间/金钱做某事 I spent 30 yuan on the book.
=I spent 30 yuan buying the book.
=The book cost me 30 yuan.
=I paid 30 yuan for the book.
我花了30元买这本书。
It took me an hour to repair the bike.
=Repairing the bike took me an hour.
=I spent an hour(in)repairing the bike.
我花了一个小时修理这辆自行车。
cost 花费(时间) 物 sth.cost sb.+金钱 某物花费某人金钱
pay 支付;偿还 人 sb.pay+金钱+for sth. 某人为某事/某物支付金钱
take 需要(时间) It或 Doing sth. It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.=Doing sth.takes sb.+时间. 做某事花费某人时间。
(4)表示“穿着”的词汇及其用法。
词汇 含义及用法 搭配 例句
wear 穿着;戴着(表示状态) 后接服饰 Look at the man in green!He is wearing a thick coat on such a hot day!When did he put it on?
看那个穿着绿衣服的男士!他大热天穿着一件厚厚的大衣!他什么时候穿上的?
Children like to dress up as cartoon characters.
孩子们喜欢打扮成卡通人物。
put on 穿上;戴上(表示动作) ①put+n./pron.+on ②put on+n.
dress 给……穿衣服;穿衣(表动作) ①dress sb.给某人穿衣服 ②dress oneself自己穿衣服 ③dress up as…装扮成…… ④be/get dressed穿着/穿好衣服(表状态)
in 表示穿着某颜色的衣服 后接颜色或服饰
( )1.(2025内蒙古)At that time I remembered seeing a house a few minutes ago, so I     my bike and started walking.
A.used up B.built up C.picked up
( )2.There can be some trouble at the beginning, but things will
    well in the end.
A.break up B.give up C.set out D.turn out
C
D
( )3.(原创)When you     a mamianqun(horse face skirt),you will sense the beauty of China’s traditional clothing.
A.turn on B.get on C.put on D.depend on
( )4.To live a green life, we should remember to     the lights when we leave a room.
A.turn on B.turn off C.turn up D.turn down
( )5.Many think SOS is short for “save our ship”, but it doesn’t really     anything.
A.look for B.stand for C.pay for D.try for
C
B
B(共12张PPT)
第一部分  语法专题
专题十六 定语从句
考点思维导图
考点讲练
1.定语从句的基本结构及类别
  定语从句的基本结构为“先行词+关系词+定语从句”。定语从句有两大类:限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。课标(2022年版)要求学生在初中阶段能辨认出由that、who和which引导的限定性定语从句,并能理解其句意。
2.常见关系词的基本用法
类别 关系词 先行词 在从句中的成分 例句
关系 代词 who 指人 作主语或宾语 The man who is playing basketball is my English teacher.
那个正在打篮球的男人是我的英语老师。
whom 指人 作宾语 She is the girl about whom I care.
她就是我关心的那个女孩。
类别 关系词 先行词 在从句中的成分 例句
关系 代词 which 指物 作主语或宾语 The house which Lu Xun once lived in is Lu Xun Museum now.
鲁迅曾经住过的房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。
that 指人或物 作主语、宾语或表语 This is the phone that I bought.这是我买的手机。
whose 指人或物 作定语 The room whose door is open is yours.
那间门开着的房间是你的。
类别 关系词 先行词 在从句中的成分 例句
关系 副词 when 时间名词 作状语 His father died in the year when he went to the college.
他父亲在他上大学的那一年去世了。
why reason 作状语 He didn’t tell me the reason why he left.
他没有告诉我他离开的原因。
where 地点名词 作状语 This is the place where I lived last year.
这是我去年住过的地方。
【注意】
  whom、which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但在介词提前时关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that。如:
The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
你昨天告诉我的那个绅士被证明是个小偷。
3.先行词只能用that不用which的情况
情况 例句
先行词既指人又指物时 We talked about the persons and things that we met.我们讨论了我们见过的人和物。
先行词为all、everything、anything、nothing、little、much等不定代词时 He told me everything that he knows.
他告诉了我他所知道的一切。
情况 例句
先行词被all、any、every、each、much、little、no、some、few、the only、the very等修饰时 All the books that you offered have been given out.
你提供的所有书都已经被分发了。
先行词由形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
句中已有who或which,为避免重复时 Who is the man that is making a speech?
那个正在发表演讲的人是谁?
1.(2025内蒙古改编)“I want people back home—especially family and friends who/th at support me—to get a real feel for what it’s like,” he said.
2.(2025内蒙古改编)The park turns Jiujiang into a place whe re visitors can learn more about historical stories and enjoy natural beauty. It also helps local communities by creating jobs in tourism.
3.(2025内蒙古改编)He has lived and farmed all his life in an area of the Lake District whi ch/that has many mountains, including the tallest mountain in England.
who/that
where
which/that(共19张PPT)
第一部分  语法专题
专题十五 宾语从句
考点思维导图
考点讲练
  主从复合句是指含有两个或多个主谓结构的句子,主句与从句之间用连接词连接。连接词除了起到连接主句与从句的作用外,绝大多数不但本身有意义,而且还在从句中充当句子成分。作状语的句子为状语从句(见专题八),作宾语的句子为宾语从句,作定语的句子为定语从句(见专题十六)。
宾语从句属于名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语、介词的宾语或形容词的宾语。
宾语从句的引导词
引导词 用法 例句
that 无词义,不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,一般可省略 I believe(that)April is the hottest month in Thailand.
我认为四月是泰国最热的一个月。
连接代词(what、which、who、whom、whose) 有词义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等 I want to know what they are going to do.
我想知道他们打算干什么。
引导词 用法 例句
连接副词(when、where、why、how) 有词义,在从句中作状语 I’ve finally realized why my grandpa loves drinking tea and collecting tea sets.
我终于明白我爷爷为什么喜欢喝茶和收集茶具。
whether/if 意为“是否”,不充当句子成分,通常表示对宾语从句内容的不确定 I don’t know if he will come home for the festival.
我不知道他是否会回家过节。
( )1.—Could you tell us     we can start a conversation with a foreigner?
—Talking about weather is a good choice.
A.how B.whether
C.why D.when
A
( )2.To know     the mountain top looks like, you need to reach it.
A.what B.when C.where D.which
( )3.Teenagers don’t always understand     their parents have so many rules.
A.why B.which C.where D.what
A
A
4.(2025内蒙古)Thanks too for your invitation to your city. I wonder what people do for fun there.
5.They wonder whether /if the museum is open on weekends.
what
whether/if
1.宾语从句的时态
(1)主句是现在时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),从句可根据实际情况用任何时态。如:
I hear Joe left for Beijing yesterday.
我听说乔昨天去北京了。
I hear Joe will leave for Beijing next week.
我听说乔下周去北京。
宾语从句的时态、语序及特殊用法
(2)主句是过去时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),从句通常需使用相应的过去时态。如:
Jane said she was shopping at this time yesterday.
简说她昨天这个时候在购物。
(3)从句表示客观事实、真理或自然现象等时,无论主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。如:
Our teacher said that light travels faster than sound.
我们老师说光传播的速度比声音快。
2.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句必须用陈述语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”。如:
I don’t know where he lives.
我不知道他住哪里。
3.宾语从句的特殊用法
(1)宾语从句的否定前移。
当主句主语为第一人称,谓语动词为think、believe、expect、imagine、suppose等,且无其他修饰语时,若宾语从句表示否定,应将not移至主句谓语动词之前。如:
I don’t think you are right.
我认为你是不对的。
(2)宾语从句的简化。
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know、remember、forget、learn、ask、tell、show、teach等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:
She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next.
她不知道下一步该做什么。
(3)如果宾语从句较长,可以用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语后置,以免句子“头重脚轻”。如:
He doesn’t make it clear when and where the meeting will be held.
他没有说清楚会议将在何时、何地举行。
( )1.(原创)My pen pal Jerry doesn’t tell me when he     .I will call you as soon as he    .
A.arrives; comes B.arrive; will come
C.will arrive; comes D.will arrive; will come
C
( )2.(原创)The road sign shows us     .
A.how can we get to the newly opened library
B.where is the newly opened library
C.which road leads to the newly opened library
D.what can we do in the newly opened library
C
( )3.—Mrs. Lin, I’m new here. Could you please tell me     ?
—Sure. It has a long history and looks attractive.
A.what Nantong Museum is like 
B.how far the Haohe River is
C.how I can get to Binjiang Park 
D.what I can see in the Wolf Hill
A
( )4.—Could you tell me     ?
—He likes the science museum best.
A.when Kevin visited the museum
B.which museum Kevin likes best
C.when did Kevin visit the museum
D.which museum does Kevin like best
B(共19张PPT)
第一部分  语法专题
专题一 名词
考点思维导图
考点讲练
课标(2022年版)语法项目表
Keys:1.health 2.a university 3.men 4.two bowls of rice 
5.the cover of a book
1.规则的名词复数形式
可数名词及其单、复数
Keys:②bushes; foxes; watches ③wives; thieves; shelves;
knives; wolves ④families; stories; factories; universities 
⑤toys; boys ⑥heroes; potatoes; tomatoes; pianos; photos 
⑦radios; kangaroos; zoos
2.不规则的名词复数形式
Keys:①men; women; geese; teeth; feet; mice; children 
②sheep ③police; class; population ④Germans; Chinese
【注意】
(1)有些名词的单、复数形式意义不同。如:custom(习俗)—customs
(海关), time(时期)—times(时代), spirit(精神)—spirits(情绪), sand(沙子)—sands(沙滩), look(脸色)-looks(外表), brain(脑)-brains(头脑;智
力), green(绿色)-greens(青菜)。
(2)有些名词,包括一些学科名词,形式上为复数,但意义上是单数。
如:news(消息), mathematics(数学), physics(物理)。
(3)有些名词通常以复数形式出现。如:chopsticks(筷子), trousers(裤子), shoes(鞋子), clothes(衣服), jeans(牛仔裤), noodles(面条), scissors(剪
刀)。
(4)有些名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,其词义区别如下:
名词 词义 名词 词义
可数 不可数 可数 不可数
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 room 房间 空间
fish 鱼(条数、种类) 鱼肉 paper 报纸;文件 纸
glass 玻璃杯;眼镜 玻璃 time 时代;次数 时间
orange 橘子 橙汁 work 著作;作品 工作
light 灯 光线 exercise 练习;体操 运动;锻炼
fruit 水果(种类) 水果(总称) experience 经历 经验
(5)可数名词单、复数及不可数名词的常见修饰词如下:
词类 常见修饰词 例子
可数名词单数 a/an,this/that,every,each,one this teacher,every coin,one desk
可数名词复数 some,any,enough,many,a few,a number of,a lot of,lots of,several,these/those,plenty of,hundreds of,one of,基数词(two及以上) a few pupils,some bottles,a number of animals
不可数名词 this/that,some,any,enough,little,a little,much, a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a great deal of,a large amount of a little juice,much time,some money
( )1.(2025内蒙古改编)The elderly woman Lisa who answered the door looked at me, my broken bike and my     . She welcomed me warmly.I was sitting on a chair, with my knees bandaged in just five minutes’ time.
A.knees   B.knee   C.knee’s
A
( )2.(2025内蒙古改编)Gustavo and a neighbor were enjoying a heated     about the best way to repair the wheel on my bike. A bike accident is likely to be a bad thing.
A.discussions B.discussions’ C.discussion
( )3.(2025内蒙古改编)Although we were     before the accident, their behavior encouraged me a lot.
A.stranger B.strangers’ C.strangers
C
C
( )4.(2025内蒙古改编)I don’t know how to express my     . Even today, their kindness continues to make me smile.
A.thanks B.thank C.thanks’
5.(2025内蒙古) It’s full of great museums and restaurants. It’s a good choice (choose) if you have a travel plan.
A
choice
名词所有格
( )1.(2025内蒙古)I was sitting on a chair, with my knees bandaged(绑上绷带的) in just five     time. Lisa’s husband Gustavo and a group of neighbors had appeared from nowhere during the five minutes.
A.hours’ B.minutes’ C.seconds’
B
( )2.(原创)The boy, who is crying loudly, had two fillings at   half an hour ago.
A.the dentist B.the dentist’s C.the dentists’
( )3.(原创)Look at     bedroom! Their room is bright and tidy.
A.Sandy and Anna B.Sandy’s and Anna’s C.Sandy and Anna’s
B
C
( )4.(原创)My family is going to visit an old friend of     in Beijing this summer holiday.
A.my mother’s B.my mother C.my mothers’
( )5.(原创)The bookstore isn’t far from my home.It’s only    bicycle ride.
A.half an hours’ B.half an hour’s C.half an hour
A
B(共20张PPT)
第一部分  语法专题
专题十四 非谓语动词
考点思维导图
考点讲练
  非谓语动词是指在句子中不能用作谓语的动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:动词不定式、动词的 ing形式和过去分词。非谓语动词不受人称和数的限制。除了不能单独作谓语外,可以充当句子的多种成分。
1.动词不定式的用法
根据课标(2022年版),动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语是考生应该掌握的重点内容。
动词不定式
成分 用法 例句
作主语 单个的动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数形式,其位置有以下两种:①动词不定式置于句首;②it作形式主语,把真正的主语(动词不定式)后置 To protect our environment is very important.
保护好我们的环境是非常重要的。
It’ll take us about four days to get to that place.
我们将花大约四天的时间抵达那个地方。
成分 用法 例句
作宾语 ①只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有hope、want、would like、decide、wish、choose、agree、ask、expect等; ②“疑问词+动词不定式”可作know、decide、tell等的宾语; ③作形式宾语:主语+谓语动词+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式 Jim wants to give me some money.
吉姆想给我一些钱。
Mary didn’t know where to go and what to do.
玛丽不知道该去哪里、该做什么。
I feel it comfortable to lie in the sofa.
我觉得躺在沙发上很舒服。
成分 用法 例句
作补语 ①常用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask、tell、want、teach、help、invite、advise、encourage等; ②hear、let、make、have、see、watch、notice等动词用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语;在变为被动语态时,须加上to In the past,we often taught the children to tell stories.
在过去,我们经常教孩子们讲故事。
The man was seen to go into the shop.
这个男人被看见进了这家商店。
成分 用法 例句
作表语 ①动词不定式作表语时,表示具体动作或将来发生的动作; ②当主语是duty、wish、idea、job、dream等词时,常用动词不定式作表语,以说明主语的内容 I don’t know what is to happen to us.
我不知道我们会发生什么事。
Her father’s job was to look after red crowned cranes.
她父亲的工作就是照顾丹顶鹤。
成分 用法 例句
作定语 动词不定式作定语时,与其所修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后 I have a lot of homework to do.
我有许多作业要做。
作状语 动词不定式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般要和句子的主语保持一致 He went there to see his grandpa.
他去那里是为了探望他的爷爷。
2.常见的不带to的动词不定式句型
句型 例句
Why not do sth.?=Why don’t sb.do sth.? 为什么不做某事? Why not go out to see a film with me?
=Why don’t you go out to see a film with me?
(你)为什么不和我一起出去看电影呢?
would do…rather than do…(=would rather do…than do…)宁愿做……不愿做…… I would rather stay at home than go out to play.
我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去玩。
would rather(not)do…宁愿(不)做… I would rather not play with him.
我宁愿不和他玩。
动词的 ing形式的用法如下:
动词的 ing形式
成分 用法 例句
作主语 表示经常性的动作 Going to school changed my life.
上学改变了我的人生。
作宾语 ①有些动词需用动词的 ing形式作宾语,如mind、suggest等; ②介词后接动词的 ing形式作宾语 After about an hour,they stopped playing football and rested.
大约一个小时后,他们停止踢足球,去休息了。
I’m interested in playing basketball.
我对打篮球感兴趣。
成分 用法 例句
作表语 作表语时相当于名词,用于说明主语的含义及内容,与主语是同等关系 His hobby is collecting stamps and postcards.
他的爱好是收集邮票和明信片。
作定语 作定语时,用于说明所修饰的名词的性能和用途 He slept in the sleeping bag.
他在睡袋里睡觉。
作状语 表示原因、伴随、时间、结果等,句中的主语与动词的-ing形式之间存在逻辑上的主动关系 Being a teacher,you should help your students in every way.作为一名教师,你应该在各个方面帮助你的学生。
成分 用法 例句
作宾语 补足语 ①动词的-ing形式在感官动词(see、hear、watch、feel、notice等)后作宾语补足语; ②动词的-ing形式在使役动词(have、get、leave、keep等)后作宾语补足语 They heard someone singing in the next room.
他们听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
对不起,让您久等了。
【拓展】
(1)有些动词后面既可以接不定式,又可以接动词的 ing形式。如:
①begin/start to do/doing sth.开始做某事
②hate to do/doing sth.讨厌做某事
③love/like to do/doing sth.热爱/喜欢做某事
④remember to do sth.记得做某事(还未做)
 remember doing sth.记得做过某事(做过了)
⑤forget to do sth.忘记做某事(还未做)
 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(做过了)
⑥regret to do sth.遗憾去做某事(还未做)
 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事(做过了)
⑦try to do sth.努力做某事
 try doing sth.尝试做某事
⑧stop to do sth.停下来去做某事
 stop doing sth.停止做某事
(2)后接动词的 ing形式作宾语的常考动词(短语):
avoid(避免),consider(考虑),enjoy(喜爱),finish(完成),imagine(想象),keep(保持),mind(介意),miss(错过),risk(冒险),practice(练习),look forward to(期待),succeed in(成功),give up(放弃),suggest(建议),keep on(继续),feel like(想要),get/be used to(习惯)
现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别
分词 区别 例句
现在分词 表示主动或正在进行的动作 The firefighter rushed into the burning house.
消防员冲进了着火的房子。
过去分词 表示被动或已完成的动作 I’m calling to enquire about the position advertised in yesterday’s China Daily.
我打电话想询问昨天《中国日报》上刊登的招聘广告。
( )1.(2024内蒙古)—Jack, remember     off the lights when you leave your bedroom.
—OK, I will.
A.turned B.turn C.turning D.to turn
( )2.When he has saved enough money, Peter goes to the bookstores     great books and donates them to children in need.
A.buy B.to buy C.bought
D
B
( )3.My little brother suggested     for a walk.
A.to go B.going C.goes
( )4.China has made great efforts     other countries build high speed railways.
A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped
5.(2025内蒙古)“We hope to se e(see) more tourists from home and abroad.” As the new line opens, many filming locations meet our eyes. More importantly, people’s life becomes more convenient.
B
B
to see(共18张PPT)
第一部分  语法专题
专题十 构词法
考点思维导图
考点讲练
注:课标(2022年版)对缩写和简写仅要求能理解。
1.合成法
 由两个或两个以上的词结合在一起构成的新词叫合成词, 这种构词方法称为合成法。
分类 构成 例子
合成 名词 名词+名词 raincoat(雨衣),countryside(乡下)
名词+动词的-ing形式 handwriting(书法),skydiving(跳伞运动)
动词的-ing形式+名词 waiting-room(候车室),sleeping-pill(安眠药)
分类 构成 例子
合成 形容词 形容词/副词+分词 well-known(著名的),well-developed(高度发达的)
名词+to+名词 face-to-face(面对面的),one-to-one(一对一的)
数词+名词+形容词 ten-year-old(十岁的),10-meter-long(10米长的)
形容词+名词 full-time(全职的),high-class(一流的)
数词/形容词+名词+-ed warm-hearted(热心肠的),four-legged(四只脚的)
分类 构成 例子
合成 副词 形容词+名词 anyway(尽管),hotfoot(匆忙地)
形容词+副词 somewhere(在某处),everywhere(到处)
副词+名词 upstairs(在楼上),downtown(往市中心)
2.转化法
  在词形不变的情况下,一个单词由一种词性用作另一种词性,这种构词方法称为转化法。
分类 例子
名词→动词 book n.书→v.预定 water n.水→v.浇水
seat n.座位→v.使就位;落座 shoulder n.肩膀→v.担负
动词→名词 try v.尝试→n.尝试 swim v.游泳→n.游泳
look v.看→n.表情 dream v.做梦→n.梦
形容词→动词 dirty adj.脏的→v.弄脏 correct adj.正确的→v.纠正
free adj.自由的→v.解放;使自由 slow adj.慢的→v.放慢;减慢
dry adj.干的→v.变干 wrong adj.错误的→v.不公正对待
3.派生法
  在词根前面加前缀,或在词根后面加后缀,构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词,这种构词方法叫作派生法。前缀通常只改变词义,不改变词性。后缀通常只改变词性,构成意思相关的其他词性的词。
(1)前缀:
分类 前缀 含义 例子
否定前缀 dis 不 dislike(不喜欢),disappear(消失),disagree(不同意)
im 不 impossible(不可能的),impolite(不礼貌的)
in 不 incorrect(不正确的),indirect(间接的)
mis 错误 mistake(错误),misunderstand(误解)
non 不 non fiction(非小说类文学作品)
un 不;非 uncomfortable(不舒服的),unhappy(不开心的)
分类 前缀 含义 例子
其他前缀 inter 在……之间 international(国际的),Internet(因特网),interview(采访)
mini 小 minibus(小型巴士),miniskirt(超短裙)
pre 在……之前 preview(预习),pre school(学前的)
re 重复 retell(复述),repeat(重说),rewrite(重写),review(复习)
分类 前缀 含义 例子
其他前缀 sub 分;子;亚于; 在……下面 subway(地铁),subconscious(下意识的),subculture(亚文化)
super 超 supermarket(超市),superman(超人),superstar(超级明星)
tele 电话的;电视的 telephone(电话),telegraph(电报),teleprinter(电传打字机)
(2)后缀:
分类 后缀 例子
名词后缀 -an,-er,-ess,-or,-ian,-ist,-ance,-ing,-ment,-ness,-sion,-tion,-ship, -th American(美国人),driver(司机),actress(女演员),actor(演员),musician(音乐家),artist(艺术家),appearance(出现),reading(阅读),agreement(同意),illness(疾病),decision(决定),education(教育),friendship(友情),truth(真理)
分类 后缀 例子
动词后缀 -en,-ize,-ify deepen(加深),modernize(使现代化),beautify(美化)
副词后缀 -ly,-ward carefully(小心地),toward(朝;向;对着)
4.缩略法
  缩略法是指缩短原词的读音和书写构成新词,主要包括缩写和简写两种形式。
(1)缩写:指词的首字母重新组合成一个新词。
分类 常见缩写词
按字母 读音 BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)英国广播公司
NBA(National Basketball Association)(美国)全国篮球协会
UN(United Nations)联合国
VIP(very important person)贵宾;大人物
DIY(do it yourself)自己动手
拼读成一 个新单词 AIDS(acquired immunity deficiency syndrome)艾滋病
APEC(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)亚太经济合作组织
 (2)简写:指从原词中截取一个或一个以上的音节,构成新词。
分类 例子
截去词首 airplane/aeroplane→plane(飞机),bicycle→cycle(自行车)
截去两端 refrigerator→fridge(冰箱),influenza→flu(流行性感冒)
截去词尾 mathematics→math(数学),examination→exam(考试),photograph→photo(照片),advertisement→ad(广告),laboratory→lab(实验室)
用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.The book is full of interest ing (interest) stories about history.
2.It’s dangero u s (danger) to cross the road when the traffic light is red.
3.The inventi on (invent) of the telephone changed the way people communicate.
4.She is always friendl y (friend) to everyone she meets.
interesting
dangerous
invention
friendly
5.With the developme nt (develop) of economy,my hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.
6.The invention of toothbru shes(tooth,brush) was not as famous as that of paper making, but it was very useful in daily life.
development
toothbrushes(共46张PPT)
第一部分  语法专题
专题七 介词
考点思维导图
考点讲练
1.at/on/in
时间介词
介词 用法 例子
at 用在具体时刻(几点几分)前 at ten o’clock在十点钟
用在中午、夜晚、午夜前 at noon在中午;at night在夜间;at midnight在午夜
用在某些节日前 at Christmas在圣诞节期间
固定搭配 at the age of在……岁时;at the moment此刻
介词 用法 例子
on 用在具体某一天或星期几前 on June 1st,2022在2022年6月1日;
on Sunday在星期日
用在具体某一天的或带修饰语的早、中、晚前 on Sunday morning在星期天早上;
on Christmas Day在圣诞节当天;
on a rainy morning在一个下雨的早上
介词 用法 例子
in 用在世纪、年代、朝代、年份、月份或季节前 in the 1960s在20世纪60年代;
in the Qing Dynasty在清代;in 1949在1949年;
in November在11月;in winter在冬季
泛指某一天的早、中、晚 in the morning在早上/上午
后接一段时间,常用于将来时 Dinner will be ready in two minutes.
晚饭将在两分钟后准备好。
2.表示时间的其他介词
介词 含义及用法 例子
after 在……之后 He got there after the rain stopped.
雨停后他到了那里。
since 自(过去某个时间点)以来(表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用) Since April 13,2023,the China Laos Railway has started passenger service.
自2023年4月13日起,中老铁路已开始提供客运服务。
for 持续……(后接时间段,常与完成时连用) I have lived in this city for ten years.
我已经在这个城市生活了十年。
介词 含义及用法 例子
during 在……期间(表示在一段时间内或在某项活动过程中) during the summer holiday在暑假期间
before 在……之前 before dawn黎明之前
by 不迟于;直到……为止 The work must be finished by Friday.
这项工作必须在星期五前完成。
介词 含义及用法 例子
until/till 直到……为止 Last night her mother waited for her until/till midnight.昨晚她妈妈等她等到了半夜。
from…to… 从……到……(表示从某一时间到另一时间) He works from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. every day.
他每天从早上九点工作到下午六点。
【注意】
  not…until意为“直到……才”。如:
  I won’t leave until you come back.直到你回来,我才离开。
( )1.(原创)The Art Festival was successfully held     the morning of July 15th.
A.in B.on C.at D.by
( )2.(原创)     dinner, with a full stomach, I took a walk in the park downstairs.
A.After B.Before C.During D.Till
B
A
( )3.     the Spring Festival, lanterns can be seen almost everywhere in my hometown.
A.To B.Above C.Between D.During
( )4.Hurry up, Nancy! The meeting will start     ten minutes.
A.by B.in C.for D.to
D
B
方位介词
介词(短语) 含义及用法 例句
at,in,on,to at表示在某个点或具体位置; in表示在某个范围或区域内部; on表示“与……毗邻,接壤”; to表示“在……范围外”(不接壤,有方向性) He lives at 87 King Street.
他住在国王街87号。
Zhuhai is in the south of China.
珠海在中国的南边。
Vietnam is on the south of China.
越南在中国的南边。
Japan is to the east of China.
日本在中国的东边。
介词(短语) 含义及用法 例句
above,over,on above指在某物的上方,不强调是否垂直,与below相对; over指垂直的上方,与under相对,物体之间不直接接触; on表示在某物体上面并与之接触 The bridge is over the river.
桥在河的上面。
There is a mirror hung on a nail above the sink.
水槽上方的钉子上挂着一面镜子。
below,under below表示“在……下”(不一定是正下方); under表示“在……正下方” The boat is below the bridge.
船在桥的下面。
The boat is under the bridge.
船在桥的正下方。
介词(短语) 含义及用法 例句
in front of, in the front of in front of表示“在……前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括,其反义词是behind(在……后面); in the front of表示“在……的前部”,即甲物在乙物的内部的前方,其反义词是at the back of(在……范围内的后部) The bridge is in front of the boat.
桥在船的前方。
He’s sitting in the front of the boat.
他坐在船的前端。
behind behind表示“在……后面” He stands behind the desk.
他站在课桌后面。
介词(短语) 含义及用法 例句
near, beside, next to near表示“在……附近”,距离相对较远,不强调直接相邻; beside表示“在……旁边”,距离较近,但不一定紧邻,多指左右或并排的位置; next to表示“紧挨着”,距离最近,几乎无间隔,位置上直接相邻 I live near the park.
我住在公园附近。
He sits beside her.
他坐在她的旁边。
We sat next to each other.
我们紧挨着坐在一起。
介词(短语) 含义及用法 例句
across, through, over across表示“横过”,即从物体的表面通过; through表示“穿过”,即从物体内部穿过; over表示“越过,横跨”,即从物体上方越过 He walked across the field.他走过田野。
He walked through the forest.他穿过森林。
The birds flew over the lake.鸟儿飞越湖面。
介词(短语) 含义及用法 例句
between, among between指在两个人或事物之间; among指在三个或以上的人或事物之间 I sat down between Jane and Tom.
我坐在简和汤姆之间。
She is the tallest among the girls.
她在这些女孩中是最高的。
( )1.All the advice flew into the sky and traveled     the land. And wisdom came to everyone.
A.across B.with C.into D.under
( )2.They went to Jim’s bedroom. It looked nice and tidy. Then Mom looked     Jim’s bed. All of Jim’s clothes, books and toys were there.
A.on B.under C.at
A
B
( )3.They had a taste of what it was like to travel     space.
A.on B.in C.for
4.(2025内蒙古)“It is important to the social, cultural and tourist development alon g the line,” said an official at the opening ceremony.
5.Xi’an is the capital city of Shaanxi Province. It lies in the north of China.
B
along
of
方式介词
介词 含义及用法 例句
with 用(具体有形的工具、身体部位等) I opened a can of cat food with a can opener.
我用开罐器打开了一罐猫粮。
by 通过(方式或手段);乘坐(交通工具)(前面不加冠词) He learned English by watching some English programs.
他通过观看英语节目学习英语。
They traveled across Europe by train.
他们乘火车周游了欧洲。
介词 含义及用法 例句
in 后接语言、声音、材料等(前面不加冠词) Lily usually paints in watercolor.
莉莉通常用水彩颜料画画。
on 通过(媒介、平台等) What’s on TV tonight?今晚电视有什么节目?
over 通过(通信方式) We had a meeting over the phone.我们通过电话开了个会。
through 通过(过程或途径) I got to know him through a friend.
我通过一个朋友认识了他。
as 作为 A flat stone was used as a table.
一块扁平的石头被用作了桌子。
( )1.We can go to school     bike to make our city greener.
A.by B.on C.in
( )2.—How do you study for a test, Annie?
—I study     working     a group.
A.by; with B.with; by C.in; with
A
A
( )3.(原创)The news was first announced     TV last night.
A.on B.with C.in D.of
( )4.I realized that we should not always depend on our parents
    these experiences.
A.through B.on C.with
A
A
其他介词
介词(短语) 含义及用法 例句
besides 除了……之外,还(包括) Do you like playing any other sport besides football?
除了足球外,你还喜欢其他运动吗?
except 除了……之外(不包括,表示从全部中排除部分) The museum is open daily except Mondays.
博物馆除周一外每天都开放。
介词(短语) 含义及用法 例句
except for 除了……之外(不包括,用于排除非同类事物,强调整体中的部分例外) My manager loved my report except for a few mistakes.
除了几个错误以外,我的经理很喜欢我的这份报告。
without 没有;无;缺少 He left without saying goodbye.他不辞而别。
介词(短语) 含义及用法 例句
about ①……方面;关于(接人或事物的详细情况) ②大约;大概 What’s that book about?
这本书是关于什么的?
I bought the book about two months ago.
我大概两个月前买了这本书。
on ①关于,有关;涉及(接具有学术性、通用性或严肃性的内容,用于说明研究主题等) ②处于……状况(或过程)中 Her paper is on American women’s literature.
她的论文是关于美国女性文学的。
A factory nearby was on fire last night.
昨晚附近的一家工厂着火了。
介词(短语) 含义及用法 例句
like ①像;与……相似(反义词为unlike) ②例如;诸如 He dressed like a soldier.
他打扮得像个战士一样。
She looks best in bright colors,like red and pink.
她穿颜色鲜艳的衣服最漂亮,如红色和粉色。
including 包含;包括 Ten people,including three children,were injured in the accident.
十人在事故中受伤,其中包括三名儿童。
介词(短语) 含义及用法 例句
for ①为了(某个具体的事或对象) ②给,对,供 ③因为;由于;为了(某个原因) ④支持;拥护;赞同 They’ve invited us for dinner on Saturday.
他们已邀请我们星期六去吃晚饭。
I’ve got nothing against the change—I’m all for it.
我不反对改变——我完全赞成。
against 反对;与……相反 She sold the house even though it was against her wishes.
她卖掉了房子,尽管这违背了她的意愿。
( )1.(原创)His opinion is completely     what we discussed earlier—he wants to cancel the plan.
A.against B.for C.besides D.on
( )2.Jim traveled to more than 90 countries     China.He went to many Chinese cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Xi’an.
A.to B.in C.with D.including
A
D
( )3.Filled with worry, Ravi picked up the bird and carefully bandaged(包扎) up its wing. He provided food and water     it.
A.for B.by C.from D.about
( )4.Do you like dogs? As the saying goes, “Dogs are man’s best friends.” And this animal has been good friends     human beings for thousands of years.
A.at B.as C.in D.with
A
D
1.介词与动词搭配的短语
介词短语
类型 常见短语
动词+from come from来自 hear from收到……的来信
die from死于
learn from向……学习 prevent…from…阻止……做……
动词+for ask for要求;请求 call for要求;需要
care for照顾;照料
leave for动身前往 look for寻找 stand for代表;支持
pay for支付 prepare for为……做准备 wait for等待
类型 常见短语
动词+with agree with同意 connect with连接 talk with和……交谈
end up with以……结束 chat with与……聊天
catch up with赶上
begin with始于 deal with处理 come up with想出
动词+about                            
care about关心;在意 dream about梦想;梦到think about考虑
worry about担心 talk about谈论 complain about抱怨
类型 常见短语
动词+to lead to导致 stick to坚持;固守 write to给……写信
point to指向 talk to跟……说 pay attention to注意
动词+in arrive in到达 believe in信任;信赖 call in召集;招来
hand in交上;提交 join in参加 let…in…让……进来
动词+into break into破门而入 turn…into…把……变成…… walk into走进;不慎陷入
change into转换成 divide…into…把……分成…… fall into掉入;陷入;属于
knock into相撞 look into向……里面看;调查
类型 常见短语
动词+on carry on坚持下去;继续进行 live on以……为生 call on拜访;号召
insist on坚持 fight on继续战斗 try on试穿;试试看
hold on等一等(别挂电话) depend on依赖;依靠
pass on传递
work on从事;忙于 keep on继续(进行)
2.介词与名词搭配的短语
类型 常见短语
in短语 in all总共 in danger处于危险中 in doubt怀疑
in fact事实上 in half分成两半 in need处于困境中;有需要的
in order有序 in pain疼痛地 in peace和平地
in person亲自 in public公开地 in return作为回报地
in a row连续地 in silence沉默地 in style时髦的;流行的
in surprise吃惊地 in time及时 in total总共
in trouble处于困难中 in turn轮流 in a hurry匆忙地
in a word总而言之 in other words换句话说 in place of代替
in one’s opinion依某人看 in the end最后 in the future在将来
in the past在过去 in the way挡道;妨碍
类型 常见短语
at短语 at home在家 at night在夜晚 at present现在
at school在上学 at table在用餐 at times偶尔;有时
at work上班;在工作 at the moment此刻 at the age of在……岁时
at the same time同时 at the end of在……的尽头
at the beginning of在……的开始
on短语 on business出差 on duty值日 on earth到底;究竟
on fire着火 on foot步行 on holiday度假
on purpose故意 on sale出售;降价出售 on show展出
on vacation度假 on weekends在周末
类型 常见短语
by短语 by accident/chance偶然 by the time到……的时候;到……之前
by hand用手 by mistake错误地
by the way顺便说一句 by taxi坐出租车
介词 常见短语
for be late for迟到            
be good for对……有好处
be ready for为……做准备 be famous for以……闻名
at be good at擅长            
be mad at对……生气
to be kind to对……仁慈  be similar to与……相似  
be friendly to对……友好
3.介词与形容词或分词搭配的短语
介词 常见短语
with be pleased with对……感到满意 be busy with忙于
be filled with充满 be strict with对……严格
be popular with受……欢迎
of be afraid of害怕      be full of充满      
be proud of为……感到骄傲
from be different from与……不同 be far from离……远
in in general一般而言 in short总而言之
4.其他常见的介词短语
according to根据 at first 首先 at last 最后 at least 至少
at once 立刻;马上 after all 毕竟 as well 也 because of 因为
instead of 而不是 next to 紧挨着 thanks to 幸亏 as a result 结果
first of all 首先 from now on 从现在起 from then on 从那时起
with the help of 在……的帮助下 on board 在船上(或飞机上、火车上)
5.含有介词的常见句型
句型 用法 例句
It’s+adj.+ of sb.to do sth. 表示“某人做某事是……的”,形容词用于修饰人 It’s very nice of you to help us.
你能帮助我们真是太好了。
It’s+adj.+ for sb.to do sth. 表示“对某人来说,做某事是……的”,形容词用于修饰事 It’s very important for them to learn English well.
对他们来说,学好英语是非常重要的。
6.不用介词的特殊情形
特殊情形 例句
here、there、home、abroad、upstairs、downstairs等地点副词前不用介词 Tom got home very late last night.
汤姆昨晚很晚回家。
以last、this、next、every、one等开头的时间状语,前面不用介词 We went sightseeing in Shanghai last summer holiday.
去年暑假我们去上海观光。
today、yesterday、tomorrow等时间状语前不用介词 I want to see a movie today and do some reading at home tomorrow.
我今天想看电影,明天想在家里看书。
( )1.(2025内蒙古)Then I remembered my translation app! I knew it wouldn’t be perfect, but     it would tell people the basics.                          
A.at least B.at most C.at last
2.Some boys and girls were playing happily on the playground. Lin Ming stood at the school gate and waited fo r his sister.
A
for
3.It tells us that we should be proud of who we are, even if we don’t look or feel like everyone else.
4.Wu’s grandparents took care of him when he was a little boy, but they couldn’t see each other often after he started school.
5.As time went b y, the forms of toothbrushes changed. For example, people chose horse tail hair instead of pig hair because pig hair was too hard.
of
of
by(共22张PPT)
第一部分  语法专题
专题八 连词
考点思维导图
考点讲练
  连词是用来连接单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与句子的词,主要分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词是用来连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子的连词。两个及以上的简单句用并列连词连接在一起,构成的句子叫并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。常见的并列连词的分类及用法见下表:
并列连词
分类 并列连词 用法 例句
表示 并列 关系 and 表示“和;又;而且”,连接两个并列成分时,位于两者之间;连接三个以上的并列成分时,常位于最后一个成分之前 I’m good at running and playing basketball.我擅长跑步和打篮球。
You,he and I are good friends.
你、他和我是好朋友。
分类 并列连词 用法 例句
表示 并列 关系 both… and… 表示“既……又……;两个都……”,连接两个并列的成分;连接两个主语时,主语被看作复数,谓语动词用复数形式 Both my father and my mother are teachers.
我的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。
not only… but also… 表示“不但……而且……”,连接两个并列的成分;连接两个主语时,谓语动词应当与but also后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致 We can not only read but also write.
我们不仅能读而且能写。
Not only you but also he needs to take part in the activity.
不仅你,他也需要参加这项活动。
分类 并列连词 用法 例句
表示 并列 关系 as well as 表示“和,以及”,连接两个主语时,谓语动词应当与它前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致 He as well as his friends likes to play chess.他和他的朋友们都喜欢下棋。
分类 并列连词 用法 例句
表示 转折 关系 but 表示“但是;然而”,强调前后内容的语义对立或单纯的转折,不能与though/although同时出现在一个句子中 The old man is poor,but he is happy.
这位老人很穷,但他很快乐。
while 表示“但是;然而”,强调对比性的转折 This old man is poor while that old woman is rich.
这位老人很穷,而那位老妇人很富有。
yet 表示“但是;然而” She failed again,yet she wasn’t discouraged.
她又失败了,但她并没有气馁。
分类 并列连词 用法 例句
表示 选择 关系 or 意为“或;或者”,用来引出另一种选择 She usually watches TV or takes a walk in the evening.她通常在晚上看电视或散步。
either… or… 表示“不是……就是……”,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与or后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致 Either he or I am going to the theater.
不是他就是我要去看戏。
neither… nor… 表示“既不……也不……;……和……都不”,连接两个主语时,谓语动词通常与nor后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致 Neither you nor she knows Japanese.
你和她都不懂日语。
分类 并列连词 用法 例句
表示 因果 关系 for 表示“因为”,常用于补充说明理由,其前常有逗号把它与前面的分句隔开 I believed her,for surely she would not lie to me.我相信她的话,因为她肯定不会向我撒谎。
so 表示“所以;因此”,常用于连接含有因果关系的两个简单句,不能与because同时出现在一个句子中 We missed the bus,so we had to take a taxi.我们错过了公共汽车,所以不得不乘坐出租车。
( )1.In autumn, the weather gets cooler     the green leaves start to turn gold.
A.because B.but C.whether D.and
( )2.I asked Jane and Mike to my house for a meal,     neither of them came.
A.or B.so C.but D.and
D
C
( )3.    Tom    his sister enjoy reading. They often go to the library together.
A.Either; or B.Not only; but also
C.Neither; nor D.Both; and
( )4.The new energy car runs on electricity,     it doesn’t produce harmful gases.
A.for B.while C.so D.or
D
C
  从属连词,又称主从连词,是连词的一种,用于引导名词性从句(初中阶段只考查宾语从句,详见专题十五)和状语从句以建立主句与从句的从属关系,构成复合句结构。从属连词主要分为引导名词性从句的连词和引导状语从句的连词。从属连词引导的状语从句可细分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句等。具体见下表:
从属连词
分类 从属连词 例句
引导时间 状语从句 before(在……之前),after(在……之后),since(自……以来),as soon as(一……就……),once(一旦) When they were still talking and laughing,the teacher came in.
当他们还在说笑的时候,老师进来了。
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。
As/When we arrived at the party,everyone had already been there.
当我们到达派对的时候,大家都已经到了。
They talked as they walked.他们边走边聊。
People do not know the value of their health till/until they lose it.
人们直至失去了健康才知其可贵。
while(后接延续性动词),when(后接延续性动词或短暂性动词)
as(当……时;一边……一边……;随着)
until(后接延续性动词),not…until(后接短暂性动词或延续性动词),till(不用于句首)
分类 从属连词 例句
引导地点 状语从句 where,wherever(任何地方) John found his visa where he lost it.
约翰在丢失签证的地方找到了它。
引导原因 状语从句 语气由强到弱: because(因为)>since(由于;既然)>as(由于;鉴于) I didn’t go abroad with her because I couldn’t afford it.
我没有和她一起出国,因为我负担不起。
As Tom was in a hurry,he left his smart phone at home.
由于汤姆太匆忙,他把手机落在了家里。
分类 从属连词 例句
引导条件 状语从句 if(如果),unless(除非),so/as long as(只要),in case(如果) You’ll pass the exam if you study hard.
如果你努力学习,就会通过考试。
Don’t go out at night unless your parents agree.
晚上不要出去,除非你父母同意。
引导目的 状语从句 so that(以便),in order that(为了),in case(以防) I’ll give you a key so that you can let yourself in.
我会给你一把钥匙,这样你就可以自己开门进去。
Take your umbrella in case it rains.
带上你的伞,以防下雨。
分类 从属连词 例句
引导结果 状语从句 so…that(如此……以至于),such…that(如此……以至于),so that(因此;以至于)  She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying.
她说得太快了,没人能听懂她在说什么。
She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her.
她是如此漂亮的一个女孩,以至于每个人都喜欢她。
Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.
杰克病得很严重,因此他必须休息。
分类 从属连词 例句
引导让步 状语从句 though/although(虽然),even if/though(即使) Though she’s very young,she knows quite a lot.
虽然她很年轻,她知道的却不少。
We’ll take a trip even though/if the weather is bad.
即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。
引导方式 状语从句 as(按照),like(好像),as if/though(好像) They look as if they know each other.
他们看起来好像认识对方。
分类 从属连词 例句
引导比较 状语从句 than(比),as…as(和……一样),not as/so…as(不如……) I read much more books now than I used to.
我现在看的书比过去多得多。
Wang Fang does her homework as carefully as Li Tian.
王芳做作业像李甜一样认真。
It’s not as/so hard as I thought.
这没有我想象的那么困难。
( )1.(2025内蒙古改编)Ping Rui, a 30-year-old man in Datong, bought a ticket for the first train     he came to know the new rail line would go into service.
A.though B.if C.as long as D.as soon as
( )2.Our acts, no matter how small, can make a difference.
    kindness is spread around, we will have the power to create a better world.
A.If B.Before C.Unless D.Although
D
A
( )3.—There is still a long way to go     we finish the task.
—Don’t worry. Let’s go on with it together.
A.as long as B.as soon as C.before D.because
( )4.When you’re with your pet, you can let go of problems    you give them your full attention.
A.even if B.as C.as if D.unless
( )5.You can feel better     you take a walk in the park just for 20 minutes.
A.if B.before C.until D.as
C
B
A(共40张PPT)
第一部分  语法专题
专题五 代词
考点思维导图
考点讲练
1.人称代词的分类及用法
人称代词
人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 用法
单/复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
主格 I we you you he she it they 在动词的前面作主语
宾格 me us you you him her it them 在动词或介词后作宾语
2.it的用法
用法 例句
替代上文已提到的同一事物 Your dress is very nice!Where did you buy it?
你的裙子很漂亮!你在哪里买的这个?
指动物、婴儿或身份、性别不明的人 Someone is knocking at the door.Who is it?
有人在敲门。是谁?
指代前文或后文所述的情况 Judy dreams to be an actress.She will work hard for it.
朱迪梦想成为一名演员。她将为此而努力。
表示天气、时间、距离等 It’s quite cold in winter in Beijing.在北京,冬天很冷。
用法 例句
作形式主语: ①It takes sb. +时间+to do sth.花费某人……时间做某事。 ②It is+adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.对某人来说,做某事是……的。/某人做某事是……的。 ③It is/has been+一段时间+since从句(过去时).自从……以来,已有……时间。 ④It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。 ⑤It is said/believed/reported that…据说/据信/据报道…… ⑥It seems that…似乎…… It takes him two hours to read this book.
他花了两个小时读这本书。
It is important for us to protect the environment.
保护环境对我们来说很重要。
It has been five years since she moved to this city.
她搬到这个城市已经五年了。
It’s Jenny’s turn to answer the question.
轮到詹妮回答问题了。
It is said that she worked as an actress.据说她当过演员。
It seems that he is not coming to the party tonight.
今晚他似乎不打算来参加聚会了。
用法 例句
作形式宾语 ①make it+adj.+to do sth.使做某事…… ②find/think/feel it+adj.+to do sth.发现/认为/感觉做某事是……的 Her smile makes it warm to stay with her.
她的微笑使和她待在一起变得温暖。
I find it very interesting to play football.
我发现踢足球很有趣。
( )1.It takes     23 minutes to get to the library by subway.                         
A.her B.hers C.she
( )2.     wanted me to take her place for two weeks.
A.She   B.Her   C.Hers
A
A
3.(2025内蒙古)Thanks for your email. It’s great to hear from you! You asked about m e (I).
4.(原创)The man in glasses is an experienced guide.He will lead u s
(we) to tour around the city.
5.(原创)Please look at the facts about this famous scientist and write a passage about hi m(he).
me
us
him
1.物主代词的分类
物主代词
人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单/复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
形容词性物主代词 my our your your his her its their
名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs
2.物主代词的基本用法
分类 功能 例句 特别提示
形容词性 物主代词 作定语 My uncle is a kind hearted doctor. 我叔叔是一位热心肠的医生。 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,后面必须加名词
名词性物 主代词 作主语 That is his computer.Mine doesn’t work. 那是他的电脑。我的电脑坏了。 名词性物主代词相当于名词,后面不能再加名词
作宾语 His spoken English is better than yours. 他的英语口语比你的好。
作表语 This bike is hers.Where is mine? 这辆自行车是她的。我的在哪里呢?
作定语 (与of连用) The blue skirt of hers is very beautiful. 她的蓝色裙子很漂亮。
( )1.Years went by.Finally,     hard work paid off.
A.she B.her C.hers
2.(2025内蒙古改编)Try boating on the lake and enjoy the wonderful holiday with yo u r(you) family.
3.(2025内蒙古改编)All hi s(he) time spent herding(放牧) sheep on the mountains had prepared him for this.
B
your
his
4.You left your bag on the bus, while mi ne(I) was safely in my locker.
5.After the picnic, we mixed up our basket with their s(they), but we soon fixed it.
mine
theirs
1.反身代词的分类
反身代词
人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
2.反身代词的用法
用法 例句
作宾语 These children are too young to dress themselves.这些孩子太小,不会自己穿衣服。
作主语同位语 He himself is always making such mistakes.他自己总是犯这类错误。
作宾语同位语 You’d better ask your wife herself.你最好问你妻子她本人。
【注意】
含反身代词的常见短语:
enjoy oneself 玩得开心     help oneself to 随便吃点
come to oneself 苏醒     make oneself at home 别客气
leave sb.by oneself 把某人单独留下     dress oneself 自己穿衣服
teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学     introduce oneself 自我介绍
( )1.When     parents went away on business, I looked after
    .                             
A.my; myself B.my; mine C.me; myself D.me; mine
( )2.—Maria, you should believe in     . That’s the secret of success.
—OK, I will.
A.myself B.yourself C.herself D.himself
A
B
3.Xi’an is a city always remaking itsel f(it) and looking forward, all the while keeping the best of the past.
4.If you want to send emails, you need to create an email address for yourse lf(you).
itself
yourself
1.指示代词的用法
指示代词和不定代词
指示代词 用法 例句
this/these (这/这些) 指空间或时间上较近的人或物 This is my dictionary.这是我的字典。
指下文即将提到的内容 What I want to say is this:Rome was not built in a day.
我想说的是:罗马不是一天建成的。
指示代词 用法 例句
that/those (那/那些) 指空间或时间上较远的人或物 Those are my books.那些是我的书。
指上文已提及的内容 I was caught in the traffic jam.That’s why I was late for the meeting.
我遇到交通堵塞了,这就是我会议迟到的原因。
为了避免重复,常用that或those代替上文的名词 The apples in the red basket are much bigger than those in the blue basket.
红色篮子里的苹果比蓝色篮子里的苹果大很多。
【注意】
  打电话时常用this介绍自己,用that询问对方。如:
  This is Lily speaking.Who’s that?我是莉莉,您是哪位?
2.不定代词的分类
分类 例子
普通不定代词 some,any,both,all,either,neither
复合不定代词 指人: one、 body类 no one,everyone,someone,anyone,nobody,everybody,somebody,anybody
指物: thing类 nothing,everything,something,anything
3.不定代词的用法
(1)both、neither、either、all、none、no one、many、much、(a) few、(a) little、some和any的用法。
不定代词 用法 例句
both 表示“两者都(肯定)”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 Both of my friends are outgoing.
我的两个朋友都很外向。
不定代词 用法 例句
neither 表示“两者都不(否定)”,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致 I tried on two dresses,but neither fits me.
我试了两条连衣裙,但都不合身。
either 表示“两者之一(肯定)”,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致 Either of the plans is equally good.
两个计划一样好。
不定代词 用法 例句
all 表示“三者或三者以上都(肯定)”,可以与of连用,of后为名词时,of可以省略;of为人称代词宾格时,则不可以省略 All(of)the students visited the museum last Saturday.
上周六,所有的学生都参观了博物馆。
不定代词 用法 例句
none 表示“三者或三者以上都不(否定)”,既可指人也可指物,常暗示一定范围,因此通常与表示范围的of连用 None of that money on the table is mine.
桌上没有一分钱是我的。
no one (=nobody) 只能指人,不能与of连用 No one/Nobody knows about it.
没有人了解此事。
many 代替可数名词复数 Many didn’t believe him.
许多人不相信他。
不定代词 用法 例句
much 代替不可数名词 The coat isn’t worth much.
这件上衣不值钱。
a few(表肯定) few(表否定) 代替可数名词复数 About stamps,Lily has a few,but Lucy has few.
至于邮票,莉莉有几张,但是露西几乎没有。
不定代词 用法 例句
a little(表肯定) little(表否定) 代替不可数名词 We are drinking water. There is a little in my cup,but there is little in Tom’s cup.
我们正在喝水。我的杯子里还有一点水,但是汤姆的杯子里几乎没有水了。
some 代替可数名词复数或不可数名词,多用于肯定句,也可以用于疑问句,表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表达请求、建议 I like apples. Mother bought some in the supermarket yesterday.
我喜欢苹果。昨天妈妈在超市买了一些。
不定代词 用法 例句
any 多用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句;用于肯定句时,表示“任何一个”或“随便哪个” I want to have some coffee. Is there any left in that big cup?
我想喝点咖啡。那个大杯子里还有剩下的吗?
(2)another、the other、others和the others的用法。
不定代词 用法 例句
another 泛指三个或以上的人或事物中不确定的“另一个” I don’t like this map.Please show me another.
我不喜欢这幅地图。请给我看另外一幅。
the other 特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分” He has two daughters.One is a nurse,and the other is a worker.
他有两个女儿。一个是护士,另一个是工人。
不定代词 用法 例句
others 指不确定范围内的其他的人或事物(并非剩余全部),是other的复数形式,在句中可作主语或宾语 Some of us like singing and dancing;others go in for sports.
我们中的一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞;其他人热衷于体育活动。
the others 指从整体中除去一部分后,剩余的全部人或事物,是the other的复数形式,在句中可作主语或宾语 Two boys will go to the zoo,and the others will stay at home.
两个男孩将会去动物园,而其他人将待在家里。
4.常见的复合不定代词
(1)复合不定代词的分类。
指人 somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,everyone,everybody
指物 something,nothing,anything,everything
(2)复合不定代词的用法。
用法 例句
作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式 Everyone knows this,doesn’t he/don’t they?
每个人都知道这件事,不是吗?
被形容词修饰时,应后置 I don’t want to watch this film.There is nothing interesting in it.
我不想看这部电影。没有什么有趣的。
后接else时,表示“另外的……,其他的……” Would you like something else to drink?
你想喝点别的东西吗?
( )1.(原创)I’m hungry now, but I can’t find     to eat at home.
A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing
( )2.(原创)There are so many model cars in the store! But I don’t like
    of them. I think they’re all ugly.
A.some B.many C.any D.none
B
C
( )3.In China today,     people keep dogs as their pets in the city.
A.many B.much C.few D.little
( )4.In 2012, after 60 hours in the water, a lightning storm and some
     problems stopped her for the fourth time.
A.another B.other C.the other D.others
A
B
疑问代词
疑问代词 用法 例句
who 意为“谁”,在句中作主语、表语或宾语(作宾语时不能位于介词后),可用于询问他人的身份或姓名 Who wants to go with me?
谁想和我去?
Who is the boy under the tree?
树下的那个男孩是谁?
whom 意为“谁”,是who的宾格形式,在句中作动词或介词的宾语 To whom are you talking?
你在跟谁说话?
疑问代词 用法 例句
whose 意为“谁的”,是who的所有格形式,在句中作定语 Whose book is this?
这是谁的书?
what 意为“什么”,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,可用于询问他人的职业、事物、姓名等;也可指不定数目中的“哪一个;哪一些;什么”,没有限定的范围 What is Susan?/What’s Susan’s job?/What does Susan do?
苏珊是做什么的?
What would you like?
你想要什么?
which 意为“哪一个”,在句中作主语、宾语或定语,指在一定范围内特指的人或物 Which season do you like,spring or summer?
你喜欢哪个季节,春天还是夏天?
( )1.—John, can you tell me     this Saturday afternoon?
—I plan to go to the theater.
A.what will you order B.where will you go
C.where you will go D.what you will order
( )2.—There will be a robot on show in our school next week.
—Really? I wonder    .
A.what it likes B.what it is like C.what is it like
C
B
( )3.To know     the mountain top looks like, you need to reach it.
A.what B.when C.where D.which
4.(2025内蒙古改编)—You’re kidding! Wha t’s she doing here?
—She is studying here, too.
A
What’s(共22张PPT)
第一部分  语法专题
专题九 冠词
考点思维导图
考点讲练
1.不定冠词a/an的用法
 采用连线形式,将用法与例句进行匹配。
不定冠词a/an和定冠词the
用法 例句
(1)表示“一个”,相当于one,不特指具体对象 A.A knife and fork is on the table.
(2)泛指一类人或事物 B.An elephant is heavier than a pig.
(3)用于首次提到的人或事物前 C.There was once a king in the South.He ruled the country for a long time.
(4)表示“每一”,相当于per D.We study eight hours a day.
(5)用于物质或抽象名词前,表示“一次;一阵”等 E.He failed once,but wanted to try a second time.
(6)用于可视为一体的两个名词前 F.There was a large typhoon yesterday.
(7)用于序数词前,表示“又一;再一” G.I have a pen and two pencils.
Keys:(1)G (2)B (3)C (4)D (5)F (6)A (7)E
2.含不定冠词a/an的常见固定搭配
(1)动词短语:
come to an end 结束   
give sb.a hand 帮助某人
have a good/great time 玩得愉快   
have a cold/fever/toothache 感冒/发烧/牙疼
have a look/try/rest/break 看看/试一试/休息一下        
keep a diary 写日记
make a mistake/speech/wish 犯错/做演讲/许愿        
make a living 谋生
pay a visit to 拜访        
take a train/bus 乘坐火车/公共汽车
take a photo/walk/break 拍照/散步/休息一下
(2)介词短语:
as a result 因此 at a time 一次 at a high price 以高价
in a moment 立刻 in a hurry 匆忙 in a word 总之
in a loud voice 大声地 with a smile 带着微笑
3.不定冠词a/an的区别
  a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前(如a book);an用于以元音音素开头的单词前(如an apple)。考查要点如下表所示:
分类 规则 例子
以u开头的单词 u发/ju /音时,用a a university/uniform/unit,a useful book,a usual day
u发/ /音时,用an an umbrella/uncle,an unhappy/ugly boy
以h开头的单词 h不发音时,用an an hour/honor,an honest boy
h发音时,用a a horse/house,a heavy box
其他 以“one 名词( 形容词)”开头的单词前,用a a one year old boy,
a one day trip
以e开头但e不发音的单词前,用a a European country
4.定冠词the的用法
 采用连线形式将用法与例句进行匹配。
用法 例句
(1)表示某一类人或事物 (2)用于世上独一无二的人或事物前 (3)表示说话双方都了解的或上文已提及的人或事物 (4)用于乐器类名词或方位名词前 (5)用于形容词或分词前,表示一类人 (6)用于姓氏复数形式前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩” (7)用于序数词或形容词、副词比较级/最高级前 (8)用于国家、党派、江河湖海、山川群岛、沙漠等专有名词前,或由普通名词构成的专有名词前 (9)用于表示发明物的单数名词前 (10)用于表示计量单位的名词前 (11)用于only、same、very等形容词前 (12)用于身体部位名词前 A.Would you mind opening the door?
B.Paris created beautiful restaurants for the rich.
C.The horse is a useful animal.
D.The earth moves around the sun.
E.He is good at playing the violin.
F.He is the taller of the two children.
G.The Greens have gone to Beijing.
H.The compass was invented in China.
I.The United States joined the war in April 1917.
J.I hired the car by the hour.
K.I took him by the hand.
L.She is the only girl in our team.
Keys:(1)C (2)D (3)A (4)E (5)B (6)G (7)F (8)I (9)H (10)J (11)L (12)K
5.含定冠词the的常见固定搭配
(1)动词短语:
go to the cinema/station 去电影院/车站  tell the truth 说实话
(2)介词短语:
at the same time 同时      at the age of 在……岁时
by the way顺便问一下      for the first time 第一次
in the past 在过去      in the dark 在黑暗中
in the way挡道;碍事      in the distance 在远处
in the end 最后       in the morning 在早晨(上午)
in the afternoon 在下午      in the evening 在晚上
on the left/right 在左边/右边      on the table 在桌子上
with the help of 在……的帮助下
( )1.There is     river near our school. We never throw rubbish into it.
A.the B.a C./
( )2.I bought a new computer last weekend.     computer is made in China.
A.A B.An C.The D./
B
C
( )3.Along the river, there is     eight kilometer long wooden walkway.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
4.(2025内蒙古)Oslo is such a n amazing place that many people come for a visit every year. It’s full of great museums and restaurants.
5.(原创)There is a garden in my grandma’s house, and the flowers in it grow well.
C
an
a
the
1.零冠词的用法
 采用连线形式将用法与例句进行匹配。
零冠词
用法 例句
(1)位于专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前 (2)名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时 (3)用于季节、月份、星期、日期、节假日(除中国传统节日外)等名词前;特指某年的某月份或某年的某季节时,则须在月份、季节前加the (4)用于表示称呼、职位、身份或头衔且作choose、make等动词的宾语的名词前 (5)用于“have+三餐类名词、learn+学科或语言类名词、play+球类或棋类名词”结构中 (6)用于“by+交通工具”结构中 (7)用于成对的名词搭配中 A.I want this book,not that one./ Whose purse is this?
B.June 1st is Children’s Day.
C.Both my sister and my brother study in Beijing University.
D.He likes playing football/chess.
E.Lincoln was made President of America.
F.He once worked day and night.
G.Dogs are faithful to their owners./Time is precious.
用法 例句
(8)用于“专有名词+普通名词”构成的街名、路名、山名等前 (9)用于表示特定的公园、街道、车站、桥、学校等的名词前 (10)用于表示泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前 H.She will go to Beijing by train.
I.Hainan Island is a nice place.
J.I went to People’s Park yesterday.
Keys:(1)C (2)A (3)B (4)E (5)D (6)H (7)F (8)I (9)J (10)G
2.含零冠词的常见固定搭配
have fun 玩得开心 at home 在家 at first/last 首先/最后
in fact 事实上 in time 及时 on time 准时
at noon/night 在中午/晚上 in danger 处于危险中 on foot 步行
go to bed/school/work 去睡觉/上学/工作
( )1.(2024内蒙古呼伦贝尔一模)—We usually go swimming in     summer. But in     summer of 2023, we didn’t.
—What happened?
A./; / B.a; a C./; the D.a; /
( )2.School starts at     eight o’clock in the morning.
A.a B.an C.the D./
C
D
( )3.—Do you know when     National Day is?
—It’s on October 1st.
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )4.Please remember to turn     lights off before you leave the room.
A.a B.an C.the D./
D
C(共20张PPT)
第一部分  语法专题
专题六 数词
考点思维导图
考点讲练
1.基数词的概念
 表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词。
基数词
2.基数词的构成
基数词 构成规则 例子
1~12 没有规律,需单独记忆 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve
13~19 以 teen结尾 thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,
eighteen,nineteen
20~90的整十数 以 ty结尾 twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,
eighty,ninety
21~99 十位数词和个位数词之间加“ ” twenty one,thirty two,ninety nine
101~999 百位数词+hundred+and+十位数词 个位数词 nine hundred and twenty five
【注意】
(1)注意以下基数词的拼写:thirteen,fifteen,twenty,thirty,forty,fifty。
(2)大于1000的数的表达:从右往左,每三位用一个逗号(千位分隔符)隔开,第一个逗号读作thousand,第二个逗号读作million,第三个逗号读作billion。如:
two hundred and forty six billion,fifty eight million,three hundred and six thousand,seven hundred and eighty one (246,058,306,781)
3.基数词的句法功能
句法功能 例句
作主语 Five of them are League members who do well in English.
其中五人是擅长英语的联赛成员。
作宾语 I have bought many books. But I’ve just read four.
我已经买了很多书。但是我只读过四本。
作表语 The population of China is over 1.4 billion.
中国人口超过14亿。
作定语 There are thirty students in my class.
我的班里有三十名学生。
作同位语 You two take these seats.
你们两个坐这些座位。
4.基数词的用法
用法 要点 例子
表具体 数量、概数 ①表具体数量:基数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数 ②表概数:hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of+名词复数 The new system produced enough energy to heat two thousand homes.
这套新系统产生的能量足以给两千户人家供暖。
Businesses are investing millions of dollars to gain a foothold in this new market.
商家们正投资数百万美元以求在新市场中赢得立足点。
用法 要点 例子
表编号 单数名词+基数词 Today we’re going to study Lesson Five.
今天我们将学习第五课。
表分数、百 分数、小数 ①分数表达法:基数词(分子)/序数词(分母),分子大于1时,分母加 s ②百分数表达法:基数词+percent(+of+n./pron.) ③小数表达法:整数部分(基数词)+point+小数部分(每个数字单独列出)  1/2:one second=a/one half
3/4:three fourths=three quarters
(他们中的)30%:thirty percent(of them)
0.08:zero point zero eight
10.07:ten point zero seven
用法 要点 例子
表日期 ①美式:月+日,年份 ②英式:日+月,年份 The Space Day of China falls on April 24/24 April every year.
每年的4月24日是中国的航天日。
表时刻 ①直接表达法:“时+分”表示“几点几分”;“基数词+o’clock”表示“几点整” ②介词表达法:分+past+时;(60-分)+to+时 5:20—five twenty
9:00—nine o’clock
12:05—five past twelve
8:45—a quarter/fifteen to nine
用法 要点 例子
表年龄、年代 ①in one’s+整十基数词的复数形式,表示“在某人……多岁时” ②in the+基数词的复数形式,表示“在……年代” in his thirties在他三十多岁时
in the 1920s在20世纪20年代
表示“几个半” 基数词+and a half+名词复数=基数词+名词+and a half one and a half years=one year and a half一年半
用法 要点 例子
表数量增加 基数词+more+复数名词= another+基数词+复数名词 I’ll finish the report in another ten minutes.
=I’ll finish the report in ten more minutes.
我再过十分钟就完成这份报告。
用法 要点 例子
表倍数 ①基数词+times+比较级+than ②基数词+times+as+原级+as (一倍用once,两倍用twice/two times,三倍及以上用“基数词+times”) The box is three times as heavy as that one.
这个箱子是那个箱子的三倍重。
The box is twice heavier than that one.
这个箱子比那个箱子重两倍。
构成复合 形容词 基数词 单数名词=基数词+名词’s,作定语 a ten minute walk=ten minutes’ walk
十分钟的步行距离
( )1.(2024内蒙古呼伦贝尔二模)Most of the doctors in this hospital were born     , and they are     now.                              
A.in the 1970; in their fifties  B.in 1970s; in the fiftieth
C.in the 1970s; in fiftieth  D.in the 1970s; in their fifties
( )2.Two     dollars is enough to buy the bike, but I can’t afford     it.
A.hundreds; to buy    B.hundreds; buy    
C.hundred; to buy
D
C
1.序数词的概念
 表示顺序的词叫序数词。
2.序数词的构成
序数词
序数词 构成规则 例子
1~3 没有规律,需单独记忆 first,second,third
4~19 在基数词后加 th fourth,sixth,seventh,tenth,eleventh,thirteenth,fourteenth,fifteenth,sixteenth,seventeenth,eighteenth,nineteenth(特殊记:fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth)
20~90的整十数 将基数词词尾的y 变为ie,再加 th twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth,sixtieth,seventieth,eightieth,ninetieth
百、千、百万…… 直接在基数词后加 th hundredth,thousandth,millionth,billionth
多位数 只需把最后一位(或最后 两位)数字变为序数词 twenty first
3.序数词的用法
用法 例句
the+序数词,表顺序 The first stage in research is data collection.
研究工作的第一步是收集资料。
月+序数词/the+序数词+of+月,表日期 We celebrate Children’s Day on June 1st/the first of June.
我们在6月1日庆祝儿童节。
表示“在某个世纪” Tomatoes were unknown to the rest of the world until the 16th century.直到16世纪西红柿才为世界其余地区所知。
a/an+序数词,表示“又一;再一” Although I failed four times,my father encouraged me to have a fifth try.尽管我失败了四次,但我父亲鼓励我再试一次。
the+序数词+最高级,表示“第几(大/多……)” China has the second most heritage sites in the world after Italy.
中国的遗产数量位居世界第二,仅次于意大利。
( )1.(2024内蒙古呼和浩特)—     of the students in our class have passed the exam.
—Oh, that means 20% of them should work harder.
A.One fifth   B.Four five   C.Four fifths   D.One five
( )2.(原创)Among ten classmates, I’m the last one to get there. Dave is a little earlier than me. So he is     .
A.nine B.the nine C.ninth D.the ninth
C
D
( )3.I am     child in my family. I have an elder brother and a younger sister.
A.one B.the first C.the second D.the third
C(共20张PPT)
第一部分  语法专题
专题四 副词
考点思维导图
考点讲练
注:根据课标(2022年版)及初中学业水平考试的考点分析,本书仅将初中阶段常见的副词分为时间副词、地点副词、频度副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、关系副词和连接副词八大类。其他类型的副词,如评论副词等,本书不再阐述,学有余力的学生可在老师的指导下课后自行探索。
1.副词的构成分类
(1)简单副词:本身就是副词,如here、home、out、away等。
(2)派生副词:由形容词转变为相应的副词,其组成形式如下。
副词的分类和用法
组成形式 例子
直接加 ly real→really,exact→exactly,large→largely
去e加 y possible→possibly,probable→probably
去e加 ly true→truly
把y变为i,再加 ly angry→angrily,easy→easily,healthy→healthily
(3)复合副词:由两个或以上的词共同构成的副词,如somewhere、therefore、however等。
【注意】
(1)有些以 ly结尾的词并不是副词,而是形容词,如friendly(友好的)、lovely(可爱的)、lonely(孤独的)、lively(活泼的)。
(2)有些副词与介词、形容词或名词同形,如out、in、above、below、around、fast等。
(3)有些词既可作形容词也可作副词,但加 ly后构成的新副词与原词意思区别较大,如hard (adj.硬的,困难的,艰难的; adv.努力地,艰难地,猛烈地)—hardly (adv.几乎不)、late (adj.迟的,晚的; adv.迟地,晚地)—lately (adv.近来,最近,不久前)。
2.副词的意义分类
分类 用法 常见副词 例句
时间 副词 表示动作发生的时间 tomorrow,now,today,yesterday What are we going to do tomorrow?
明天我们准备干什么?
地点 副词 表示动作发生的地点或位置关系 here,there,inside,outside,upstairs,downstairs,down,up,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,off,on,in,out He went upstairs.他上楼了。
分类 用法 常见副词 例句
频度 副词 表示动作发生的次数或频率 always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never He often comes to school early.
他经常很早来学校。
方式 副词 修饰实义动词,可位于谓语动词的前后,也可位于句子的首尾 badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,proudly,happily,suddenly,slowly,successfully,angrily,well,backwards,fast,slow,quickly,hard,alone,high,straight,wide You’re wearing your sweater backwards.
你把毛衣穿反了。
分类 用法 常见副词 例句
程度 副词 主要修饰形容词和副词,也可修饰动词或介词短语 much,(a)little,a bit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly I almost jumped out of my skin!
我真是吓了一大跳!
疑问 副词 引导特殊疑问句 how,when,where,why How are you getting along with your studies?你的学习进展如何?
分类 用法 常见副词 例句
关系 副词 引导定语从句 when,where,why This is the place where we used to live.这是我们过去住的地方。
连接 副词 连接两个句子或分句,表明句子间的逻辑关系 however,moreover,otherwise,thus,therefore The weather was cold. Therefore,we stayed home.
天气寒冷,因此我们待在家里。
3.副词的用法
用法 位置 例句
作状语 通常位于动词之后;如果动词带有宾语,则位于宾语之后 It is raining hard.正在下大雨。
Lucy speaks English quite well.露西的英语说得很好。
频度副词通常位于实义动词之前,以及情态动词、助动词或be动词之后 She is seldom ill.她很少生病。
I’ve never heard him singing.我从来没听过他唱歌。
作表语 位于系动词之后 Have you been away on holiday?你去度假了吗?
( )1.(2025内蒙古)Lisa’s husband Gustavo and a group of neighbors had appeared from nowhere during the five minutes. My accident was
    becoming a party.
A.quickly B.calmly C.carefully
( )2.He     painted self portraits(自画像). He created more than 20 portraits of himself!
A.never B.hardly C.perhaps D.also
A
D
( )3.The teacher speaks     and carefully so that we can understand her better.
A.hardly B.only C.slowly D.nearly
4.(2025内蒙古) In my free time, I usu ally (usual) get together with friends, go hiking, and chat with family and friends online.
C
usually
1.副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
副词比较级和最高级的构成规则与形容词相同,请见上一个专题的相关内容。初中阶段常见的不规则变化副词主要有well→better→best、badly→worse→worst。
副词比较级和最高级
2.副词比较等级的用法
用法 结构 例句
原级(用于两者同级的比较) as…as…表示“和……一样”;not as/so…as…表示“和……不一样” Tom speaks English as well as Alice does.
汤姆的英语讲得和爱丽丝一样好。
比较级(用于两者不同级的比较) 比较级+than(than后的从句常省去在意义上与主句相同的部分) He got up much earlier today than yesterday.
他今天起床比昨天早得多。
Some dogs bark more loudly than others.
有些狗叫得比其他狗声音更大。
最高级(用于三者或三者以上的比较) (the)+最高级+比较范围(最高级前的the通常可以省略) Of all the students in our class,she writes(the)most beautifully.
在我们班所有的学生中,她写得最漂亮。
( )1.(原创)Jordan runs     among his schoolmates at the school sports meeting.
A.fast B.faster C.the fastest
( )2.(原创)The teachers all agreed that Cathy spoke _______of all the students in the speech competition.
A.fluently B.more fluently C.most fluently D.most fluent
C
C
( )3.(原创)The old man walks     than he used to, because his knees have been hurting these days.
A.more slowly  B.as slowly as  C.most slowly  D.slowly
( )4.Slow cooking seems to hold the taste of the meat much    .
A.good B.well C.better D.best
A
C

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