资源简介

Discovering Useful Structures (Grammar)
观察下列句子，体会句中黑体词的含义
①It is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.
②The plan is not being discussed at the meeting now.
③Is the house you bought last month being decorated now
④What is being done to the machine
自我归纳
1．以上例句中都用了 _______________________，其谓语构成是： __________________。
2．以上例句中第①句是现在进行时被动语态的________句式；第②句是________句式；第③句是____________句式；第④句是____________句式。
现在进行时的被动语态
一、含义
现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作，强调主语是动作的承受者。
二、结构
1．肯定式：主语＋am/is/are＋being done
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
公园里的一些树林正在被砍倒。
2．否定式：主语＋am/is/are＋not being done
It is reported that the water in the lake is not being protected now.
据报道，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。
3．一般疑问式：Am/Is/Are (not)＋主语＋being done
Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse
这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？
4．特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋am/is/are (not)＋主语＋being done
Who is being trained for the coming English speech contest
为了即将举行的英语演讲比赛，谁正接受训练？
三、用法
1．表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常用now，at the moment等时间状语。
My younger sister is now being interviewed.
我妹妹现在正在接受采访。
He is now being treated in China.
现在，他正在中国接受治疗。
2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。
These animals are being hunted at such a speed that they will disappear soon.
这些动物正以如此速度被捕杀，它们很快就会消失。
3．表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always，constantly，often等词连用，表示有赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感彩。
Tom is always being praised by the teacher.
汤姆总是被老师表扬。
4．与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。
Jim may be being interviewed by the reporters at the very moment.
吉姆此刻可能正在被记者们采访。
[名师点津]　(1)stay，love，have，want，belong to等一般不用于现在进行时的被动语态。
(2)“be＋under/in等介词＋名词”结构可用来表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。
The telephone is in use.
＝The telephone is being used.
电话正在使用中。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Many interesting experiments _________________(carry) out these days.
2．These children _________________(look) after by an old man now.
3．Wait a minute.The dishes for the dinner _________________(cook) in the kitchen.
4．He _________________(punish) by our teacher at the moment.
5．The sports meeting _________________(hold) in our school now.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．They are building a modern school in his hometown.
A modern school ________ _________ _________ in his hometown.
2．Now so many things are being done here to protect our earth.
People _________ __________ so many things here to protect our earth.
3．At the moment some repairmen are repairing my house.
At the moment my house _______ ________ _________ by some repairmen.
4．Several reporters are questioning her now.
She _______ _________ ___________ by several reporters now.
5．They are building a new park here.
They hope to finish it next year.
A new park _______ _________ ________ here.
They hope to finish it next year.
【参考答案】
自我归纳
1.现在进行时的被动语态; is＋being＋done
2. 肯定; 否定; 一般疑问; 特殊疑问
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. are being carried 2. are being looked 3. are being cooked 4. is being punished 5. is being held
Ⅱ.句型转换
1. is being built 2. are doing 3. is being repaired 4. is being questioned 5. is being builtElephants move into new community center
The old Elephant House at the National Zoo in Washinston D．C. has been renovated① to include a lot more space for the giant animals to play，rest and even take a shower.It has been renamed the Elephant Community Center，and it also offers a lot more for human guests.
“It’s a great place for elephants to socialize，”said Marie Galloway，who is the elephant manager at the zoo.
The community center is designed to hold as many as 10 elephants.Although the zoo plans to increase the herd(象群)，there are now just three elephants：Ambika，Shanthi and Kandula.
Galloway said each animal reacted② differently to the new space.Shanthi,38 years old，walked right in and explored everywhere.Ambika,65，was very cautious③ the first day，not sure if the new space was safe.And Kandula，Shanthi’s 11yearold son，had a funny way of dealing with the unknown.“He backed his way in，”Galloway said with a laugh.
“The elephants are already enjoying throwing sand on one another，”said Galloway.
People also have a lot more to do than in the old building，where they had few chances to learn about endangered species from Asia.
There’s a display featuring④ one of Kandula’s old toys：a 750pound tire.Visitors can watch a video of him playing.
There are several other handson activities，including a machine that compares elephant sounds and human voices.You also can make a promise to save the elephants.
Lastly，“protection” is the message zoo officials hope visitors will take away from the exhibition.“We’re hoping people will come to… and become educated，”Galloway said.“And take action to protect elephants.”Notes：
1．renovate v. 翻新 2.react v. 作出反应
3．cautious adj. 谨慎的 4.feature v. 以……为特色
Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking (Prereading)
Step 1　Before reading
Ⅰ.Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．poster A．vt.观察(到)；注视；遵守
2．species B．n.，vi. & vt.攻击；抨击
3．rate C．n.鲸
4．mass D．n.(动植物)保护区；储藏
vt.预订；预留；保留
5．living E．adj.大量的；广泛的 n．大量；堆；群
6．authority F．n.速度；比(率)vt.划分等级
7．whale G．n.海报
8．reserve H．n.物种
9．observe I．adj.居住的；活的；在用的
n．生活；生计
10．attack J．n.官方；当权；权威
Ⅱ.Leadin
　Do you know some names of endangered animals？Why are the animals dying out
Step 2　While reading
Ⅰ.Fastreading
　What’s the main idea of the passage
Ⅱ.Carefulreading
　Read the text carefully and choose the best answers.
1．We go to Xizang in order to observe ________ .
A．Panda B．Blue whale
C．African elephants D．Tibetan antelopes
2．What do people hunt Tibetan antelopes for
A．Fur B．Meat
C．Legs D．Horns
3．From the passage we can infer ________ .
A．There is no threat to the Tibetan antelopes
B．Our government plays an important part in protecting the Tibetan antelopes
C．Sawing the animals doesn’t mean sawing ourselves
D．In 1985 the population of Tibetan antelopes increased
4．The reason why their habitats were becoming smaller between the 1980s and 1990s doesn’t include ________.
A．New roads B．The hunters
C．People’s protection D．New railways
Step 3　Post reading
One day the writer went to Xizang 1. ____________(observe) Tibetan antelopes.These large animals 2. _______________(killed) illegally for their body parts that are considered 3. ____________(value)．Between ________ 1980s and 1990s their population dropped by more than 50 5. _________(percent)．In order to save this species 6. _________ extinction，the Chinese government created the Changtang National Nature Reserve 7. _________ these animals can live in peace and 8. _________(safe)．The antelopes population has recovered and the Tibetan antelope was removed from the 9. ___________(endange) species list in 2015.10. ____________，the threats to them have not yet disappeared.
【参考答案】
Step 1　Before reading
1～5　GHFEI　6～10　JCDAB
Ⅱ.Leadin
panda；African elephants；blue whale；polar bear；redcrowned crane；golden monkey；Tibetan antelope.The reasons may be various：too much hunting；not enough food；environmental pollution；not enough living space；weather change…
Step 2　While reading
Ⅰ.Fastreading
It described the writer’s visit to Tibetan antelopes which are endangered and need our protection.
Ⅱ.Carefulreading
1～4　DABC
Step 3　Post reading
1. to observe 2. are being killed 3. valuable 4. the 5.percent 6.from 7.where
8.safely 9.endangered 10.HoweverListening and Talking，Reading for Writing & Building Up Your Vocabulary
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．_________(n.) 鹿
2．_________(n.) 昆虫
3．_________(n.) 网(adj.) 净得的；纯的
4．_________(n.) 海豚
5．_________(n.) 树袋熊；考拉
6．_________(n.) 皮；皮肤
7．__________(vt.) 减少→___________(n.) 减少；降低
8．__________(n.) 临近的地方；街区→__________(n.) 邻居
9．__________(n.) 感情；情感；情绪→__________(adj.) 感情的；情感的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．due ________ 由于；因为
2．search ________ 搜索；查找
3．stir ________ 激起
4．pay attention ________ 注意
5．cut ________ 砍倒；削减
6．put ________ 搭建；张贴
7． ________ far 到目前为止
Ⅲ.核心句型
1．so that 引导目的状语从句
Is it right to make animals homeless ________ ________ humans can have more paper
为了让人类能有更多纸张可用而让动物无家可归正确吗？
2．What引导名词性从句
That is ________ the animals really need most.
那是动物真正最需要的东西。
3．It作形式主语
________________________ protecting wildlife is something far from the life of a high school student，but in fact…
或许看上去保护野生动植物是远离高中生生活的事，但事实上……
Ⅰ.根据课文内容判断正(T)误(F)
1．All kinds of wildlife should be treated equally.( )
2．Only pandas，dolphins and other cute wildlife are important.( )
3．We should protect all kinds of wildlife to make our planet survive.( )
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．Who do you think is the intended audience for the first poster
A．Students B．Workers
C．Teachers D．All kinds of people
2．The writer’s attitude to cutting down trees to make paper for humans is ________ .
A．favorable(赞同的) B．supportive(支持)
C．happy D．opposed(反对)
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．reduce vt. 减少
①A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.
健康的土壤减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。
reduce … to… 减少到……
reduce … by… 减少了……
reduce sb. to (doing) sth. 使陷入(更坏的)境地；使沦落为
②It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed _______ forty kilometres an hour.
由于大雾，司机不得不把速度减到每小时40千米。
③Their salary has been reduced _______ 20 percent since last year.
自去年以来，他们的工资已经减少了20%。
[名师点津]
reduce“减少”的近义词是decrease，反义词是increase，rise(增加)。这三个词与reduce用法一样，后可接to… 表示增减的结果，接by… 表示增减的幅度。
2．cut down 砍倒；削减
①The article is too long and should be cut down by half.
这篇稿子太长，得砍去一半。
cut off 切断；断绝；中断电话
cut in 插嘴；插入
cut out 剪除；删掉
cut up 切碎
cut across 走捷径；抄近路穿过
②Busy with his project，he felt cut _______ from the outside.
由于忙于他的工程，他感到与外界隔绝了。
③I wish Mary would stop cutting _______ on our conversation all the time.
我希望玛丽在我们谈话时别老插嘴。
④Then he cut __________ a field to go home.
然后，他抄近路穿过一块田野回家。
3．put up 张贴；搭建；提出
①Please read the poster put up on the wall carefully.
请仔细阅读张贴在墙上的海报。
put out 熄灭；扑灭；生产；制造
put away 把……收起来；把……放回原处；积蓄
put on 穿；戴；上演；展出
put aside 忽视；不理睬；积蓄
put down 把……放下；写下；扑灭
②The plant puts _______ 500 new cars a week.
这个工厂每周生产500辆新汽车。
③They will put _______ a new play tomorrow.
明天他们将上演一部新话剧。
④I’m just going to put the car _______.
我正打算把车开进车库。
Ⅱ.经典句型
1．Is it right to make animals homeless so that humans can have more paper
为了让人类能有更多纸张可用，而让动物无家可归正确吗？
so that在句中意为“为了……”，引导目的状语从句。
①I gave you a map so ________ you wouldn’t get lost!
为了你不会迷路，我给过你一张地图！
(1)so that引导目的状语从句，意为“为了……，以便……”，常用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词，从句之前不用逗号。
(2)so that引导结果状语从句，意为“以至于，结果”，从句中一般不用情态动词，从句前常用逗号。
②It hadn’t rained for a few months， ______ that the soil has dried out.
好几个月没有下雨了，以至于土壤都干透了。
③Bring it nearer so that I _________(see) it better.
把它拿近点，以便使我看清楚些。
2．That is what the animals really need most.
那是动物真正最需要的东西。
What the animals really need most是what引导的表语从句，其中what又在句中作need的宾语，意为“……的东西”。
①That is _______ I want to tell you.
那就是我想告诉你的事儿。
what还可引导主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，意为“……的地方；……的样子；……的”
②_______ we need is more time.
我们所需要的是更多的时间。
③People have heard _______ the President said on the radio.
人们已经在收音机上听到了总统的讲话。
④They have no idea at all _______ he is working on.
他们一点儿也不知道他正在做什么。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We had to put off the picnic due _______ the bad weather.
2．I found two _______(deer) eating grass in the valley.
3．What are you searching _______ on the playground
4．In the late afternoon，they put _______ a big tent for the night.
5．What he said stirred _______ our imagination.
6．When it comes _______ computers，he shows great interest in them.
7．_______ this way you can make great progress in English.
8．It seems _______ the day becomes longer and longer.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．为了被别人听清楚他提高了声音。
He raised his voice _______ ________ ________ ________ be heard clearly.
2．做工作必须注意方式方法。
In doing our work，we must ________ __________ _______ ways and means.
3．很显然他们已经知道了真相。
______ _______ __________ ________ they have known the truth.
4．多天的航行后，他们到达了现在被称作非洲的地方。
After many day’s voyage，they arrived in __________ ________ ________ Africa now.
5．到目前为止，他们还没有找到一种对抗该病的方法。
______ ______，they __________ _________ a way to fight the disease.
【参考答案】
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1. deer 2. insect 3.net 4. dolphin 5.Koala 6.skin 7. reduce; reduction 8. neighbourhood;neighbor 9. emotion;emotional
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. to 2.for 3.up 4.to 5.down 6.up 7.so
Ⅲ.核心句型
1. so_that 2.what 3.It_may_seem_that
Ⅰ.根据课文内容判断正(T)误(F)
1-3 TFT
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1～2　DD
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1. ② to ③by 2. ②off ③in ④across 3. ②out ③on ④away
Ⅱ.经典句型
1. ①that ②so ③may_see 2. ①what ②What ③what ④what
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. to 2. deer 3.for 4.up 5.up 6.to 7.In 8.that
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. so that he could 2. pay attention to 3. It is obvious that 4. what is called 5. So far；haven’t found同步写作——海报
英文海报通常含有通知性，所以主题应该明确，一目了然。它还包含广告的某些特点，要求内容简明扼要，形式新颖美观。
基本框架
1．标题
首先根据海报的特点及格式写明标题。
2．正文部分
不同的海报其正文部分的侧重点不同。对于介绍性的海报，首先引出话题，其次列出原因，最后总结。对于宣传类海报，要写清楚具体内容，如：活动内容、地点以及参加规定、主持或举办单位等。
3．落款
出海报的单位署名通常放在右下角，日期位于署名的下一行。
1．hold v． 举办
2．experience n. 经验；经历
3．sign up 报名
4．competition n. 竞争
5．winner n. 获奖者
6．endangered adj. 濒危的
7．population n. 人口
8．hall n. 大厅
9．volunteer n. 志愿者
10．salary n. 工资；薪水
11．information n. 信息；消息
12．put up 张贴
13．attract v. 吸引
14．match n. 比赛
15．ticket n. 票
1．活动宣传类
(1)开头语：第一句话用来交代活动的内容和时间
①We’ll have a show/football match on July 16th.
我们将于七月十六日举行一次展览/足球赛。
②There is a piece of news that we’ll hold a… show/football match on July 16th.
有消息说我们将于七月十六日举行一次展览/足球赛。
③Our school is holding an English party at seven in the concert hall this evening.
我们学校将于今晚七点在校音乐厅举行英语晚会。
(2)正文：交代活动的地点及其他相关内容
①The match will be wonderful.
比赛会非常精彩。
②You can buy tickets online，and the price is 2 yuan for each.
可以网上订票，每人两元。
③Call Lily at 51542636 or email…
请致电莉莉51542636或发电子邮件……
(3)结束语：用一些鼓励性语言激发读者的兴趣
①Please come and cheer for them.
快来给他们加油吧。
②All are warmly welcome.
热烈欢迎各位。
③Catch the chance，or you will regret.
抓住机会，不会后悔。
2．招聘广告类
①Would you like to be a volunteer
想成为志愿者吗？
②You are required to be able to speak English.
要求会说英语。
③You can get 500 yuan per day/month/year.
日薪/月薪/年薪500元。
④You should have three years of work experience.
要求有三年工作经验。
⑤Please call… if you want to…
如果有意请致电……
根据下列资料写一篇100词左右的海报。
The Polar Bear
Why is it endangered？Habitat loss and pollution
Population：about 20,000
What is being done？PBI (The Polar Bears International) is taking effective measures to protect them.
What can we do？Offer enough food，improve our climate and stop hunting
Step One　审题谋篇
体裁 海报
话题 拯救北极熊
时态 一般现在时
人称 第三人称
Step Two　词汇运用
1．砍伐 __________
2．融化 __________
3．污染的 __________
4．采取措施 _______________
5．归还 __________
Step Three　句式表达
1．完成句子
①人们砍伐了森林，所以气候变得越来越暖。
People are ________ ________ __________，so the environment gets _________ ________ _________.
②这导致了北极的冰层融化。
This makes the ice of the Arctic ________.
③所以北极熊失去了家园！
So the polar bear ________ ________ _________ home.
2．句式升级
④用with复合结构改写句①。
________ _________ _________ _________ ________, the environment gets warmer and warmer.
⑤用现在分词改写句②和句③。
This makes the ice of the Arctic _______，the polar bear ________ their warm home.
Step Four　连句成篇
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
Step Two　词汇运用
1. cut_down 2. melt 3.polluted 4.take_measures/steps/action 5.return
Step Three　句式表达
1．完成句子
①cutting down forests；warmer and warmer ②melt ③lose their warm
2．句式升级
④With people cutting down forests ⑤melt；losing
Step Four　连句成篇
Return us a Warm Home!
With people cutting down forests，the environment gets warmer and warmer.This makes the ice of the Arctic melt，the polar bear losing their warm home.At the same time，they can’t get enough food to eat as a result of the polluted sea water.Some people even hunt them for money.Now the polar bear is becoming endangered.There are only about 20,000 polar bears left.It’s important for us to protect them.So take action right now！Stopping hunting，plant more trees and return them a warm home!
The Students’ Union
October 1st, 2019

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