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2024级2025-2026学年第二学期学情调研英语试题
4.7
本试卷分四部分，共10页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段录音播放两遍。
1. What will the woman probably do this weekend
A. Clean her house. B. Have a good rest. C. Visit her brother.
2. What are the speakers talking about
A. The secret to a good marriage. B. Ways to make big money. C Tips for better health.
3. What does Alice want John to do with the book
A. Check it out at once. B. Keep the overdue book. C. Return it to the library.
4. What does the man dislike about his dog
A. The long walks. B. The dog hair. C. The petcare cost.
5. How did the accident happen according to the woman
A. The taxi jumped the lights. B. The lights stopped working. C. The bus pulled out suddenly.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三 个选项中选出最佳选项，标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
6. Where will the woman probably take her grandmother
A. To the supermarket. B. To the hospital. C. To the cinema.
7. How does the woman feel about visiting her grandmother now
A It’s boring. B. It’s enjoyable. C. It’s necessary.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
8. Why doesn’t the woman want to go dancing
A. Her partner is busy. B. It’s too late. C. She’s tired.
9. What will the man do next
A. Invite some friends. B. Call to book a table. C. Respond to a text.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
10. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a news studio. B. In a classroom. C. On a bus.
11. What is the woman probably doing
A. Writing a report. B. Using social media. C. Reading a book.
12. Why doesn’t the man like to read online news
A. He prefers an old-fashioned lifestyle.
B. He thinks it offers one-sided content.
C. He wants to avoid the computer bugs.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
13. What is the relationship between Rob and Matt
A. Psychologist and patient. B. Brother and sister. C. Friends.
14. How old is Rob
A. 25. B. 28. C. 30.
15. Why is Matt in low spirits
A. He has lost his job. B. He has left his home. C. He has failed exams.
16. What does Jenny advise Rob to do
A. Make more friends. B. Cheer his friend up. C. Avoid negative people.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. Why is the speaker explaining roles for a play
A. To find performers. B. To sell play tickets. C. To attract audiences.
18. What do the women do in The New Sky
A. They fight in the war. B. They build a local theater. C. They act out a new version.
19. Who is a bad image in The New Sky
A. Mr. White. B. Liam Pierce. C. Alexander Ford.
20. What change did the club writers make to the play
A. They added two male parts. B. They removed British accents. C. They adapted the background.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Summer Schools in the University of Oxford
Our 2025 summer schools are now closed to new enrollments. To stay informed of when our 2026 summer schools open to registrations, please sign up to receive email updates.
Immerse Yourself in the Oxford Experience
Join us for a study holiday in Oxford — for personal enrichment, academic progression or professional development. You’ll live and study at one of the historic colleges in the University of Oxford or at Rewley House, experience dining in the hall, and explore the world’s most famous university city.
Choose from more than 100 one-week introductory courses; or opt for a longer, specialist summer school in a single topic. Many classes can be taken for credits; others require no coursework and are non-assessed.
For those aged 18 and above only.
Summer Courses for Adult Learners
·Introductory Level
These week-long non-assessed summer programmes all take place at one of the historic colleges in the University of Oxford. All courses are designed at an introductory level for non-specialists, and no prior knowledge is necessary.
Inspiring Oxford The Oxford Experience
·Undergraduate Level
The Oxford University Summer School for Adults (OUSSA) programme offers accredited week-long courses at Rewley House. Credits earned from OUSSA are transferable towards our flexible and part-time Undergraduate Certificate of Higher Education.
Oxford University Summer School for Adults
·Senior Level
These intensive summer programmes are for those who want in-depth learning on a subject they are passionate about for personal, academic or professional advancement.
Creative Writing Summer School English Language Teachers’ Summer Seminar
English Literature Summer School History, Politics and Society Summer School
21. What can participants experience during the summer schools
A Working with professors. B. Exploring the famous country.
C Studying in historic colleges. D. Conducting academic research.
22. Which course is designed for beginners
A. Inspiring Oxford. B. The OUSSA.
C. English Literature Summer School. D. Creative Writing Summer School.
23. What is special about the OUSSA programme
A. It is shorter than a week. B. It offers transferable credits.
C. It has flexible arrangements. D. It is designed for specialists.
B
It was back in 1990, and I was on the east coast of Spitsbergen, the largest island of Svalbard, a Norwegian archipelago. Svalbard has a high concentration of polar bears in the spring, gathering for the mating season. When a bear is hungry, it essentially becomes a meat-seeking missile — it can smell you from many miles away. If you’re unwashed in a dark tent out on the floating sea ice, you can look and smell like an oversized walrus (海象).
For several nights, I stayed alert and kept waking up to what I thought was the sound of a bear in the snow. Checking was tough — my tent was coated in ice, which would fall when I moved. Touching the outside of my sleeping bag too long could cause frostbite. The easiest way to check was to unzip the tent, stay in my sleeping bag, and peek out for a 360-degree view. It was cold, uncomfortable — and often pointless.
I made porridge in my mother’s old saucepan and left the camping stove on to melt snow for my Thermos. When I unzipped the tent, I was shocked to see a full-grown polar bear just an arm’s length away, I had a loaded gun, but it was behind me — reaching for it risked an attack. So my hand instinctively reached for the nearest combat-ready thing I could see: the porridge encrusted saucepan. I hit the bear hard on the head with the pan. It flinched, tilted its head, and seemed confused — the loud bang startled us both. Then it turned and ran off into the distance.
As a young adventurer I used to feel it was me against my surroundings, but then I realized I could work with nature and bears have more of a right to be there than me. There have been times, alone in the Arctic, when I have felt more in tune with the world than anywhere else. It breaks my heart that, because of the rapidly melting sea ice, I have witnessed a wilderness habitat that others may never see.
24. What does “a meat-seeking missile” suggest about polar bears
A. Their explosive physical power. B. Their deadly hunting accuracy.
C. Their ability to see prey clearly. D. Their seasonal migration instincts.
25. Why did the author detail the tent-checking procedure
A. To show his survival skills. B. To explain his fear of bears.
C. To illustrate his sleeping problems. D. To highlight an unexpected encounter.
26. Why did the author choose the saucepan to fight the bear
A. It was within easy reach. B. It could make loud noises.
C. It wouldn’t hurt the bear. D. It could surprise the bear.
27. What transformation did the author undergo over time
A. From fearing bears to protecting them. B. From hating adventures to loving them.
C. From opposing nature to cooperating with it. D. From a beginner to a famous explorer.
C
In the age of large language models (LLMs) and generative AI, we are witnessing an unprecedented transformation in how knowledge is produced, spread and consumed.
LLMs, we are told, make us more efficient, simplify complex work, automate boring tasks and allow us to focus on what matters. But as we feel surprised at their capabilities, a pressing concern emerges: Are these models genuinely boosting efficiency, or are they eroding our capacity for independent thought, judgment and critical reflection
Efficiency is not a neutral term. The current narrative around generative AI treats efficiency as progress. It suggests that the faster something is done, the better. But faster is not always better. And not everything that can be automated should be.
The popular belief is that LLMs allow humans to assign repetitive work to machines and reserve their energy for more reflective tasks, but the opposite is often true. As the more intellectual labor — writing, summarizing and decision-making, for example — is handed over to AI, the less we will engage with it ourselves. Instead of reserving our thoughtfulness for higher tasks, we will increasingly lose the opportunities, and perhaps even the ability, to think critically.
So what do we really mean by “efficiency” If it means shortening the time it takes to write a report, perhaps we have succeeded. But if it means replacing the intellectual effort that creates depth, coherence and reflection, then it’s not a gain; it’s a loss. The moment we accept LLMs as thought substitutes, rather than thought aids, we begin to worsen the very conditions under which human reasoning thrives: questioning, dialogue, uncertainty and contradiction.
There is no turning back the presence of LLMs in our lives. But we can choose how to live with them. The question is not whether they will think for us, but whether we will let them define what it means to think at all. Efficiency, in the true sense, should not be about doing more with less thought. It should be about doing better, with deeper attention, stronger ethics and sustained human insight.
28. What does the underlined word “eroding” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Changing. B. Improving. C. Destroying. D. Expanding.
29. What do LLMs lead to, according to paragraph 4
A. We get more reflective labor. B. We do independent thinking less.
C. We engage in more repetitive tasks. D. We reduce our work efficiency indeed.
30. What does the author advocate about our using LLMs
A. Putting efficiency first. B. Reducing intellectual effort.
C. Achieving more with less time. D. Increasing human engagement.
31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To describe the fast development of LLMs.
B. To reflect on the negative effects of LLMs.
C. To question the necessity of pursuing efficiency.
D. To challenge the traditional definition of efficiency.
D
Many people who spot a rubber duck on a programmer’s desk might assume it is just a toy or a simple decoration. In fact, the rubber duck serves as a practical tool to help solve problems. Programmers explain code or problems in detail to the rubber duck. By describing the problem aloud step by step, they gain a clearer understanding of the code’s flow and structure, leading to better problem-solving. This method is called “rubber duck debugging (调试)”.
The term “rubber duck debugging” was first introduced in the 1999 book The Pragmatic Programmer by Andrew Hunt and David Thomas. It originated in a practice among programmers of explaining their code problems to objects to find mistakes more easily. Since then, the concept has become widely recognized in programming culture, inspiring similar debugging techniques and discussions in software development communities.
While rubber duck debugging originated for programmers, the concept can be applied in many different contexts. Research by US scholars Logan Fiorella and Richard Meyer shows that when students learn the material in a lesson as if they were going to teach it to others, they develop a deeper and more persistent understanding of the material. Teaching others forces us to break the material down into conceptual pieces, integrate it with our existing knowledge, and organize it in logical ways. That’s why our little yellow friend is so helpful: In explaining the problem aloud to your rubber duck, you are teaching it as well.
Though the term “rubber duck debugging” specifically refers to explaining the code to a rubber duck, the actual presence of a rubber duck is not crucial to the process — any object or even a person can serve as a substitute for it. What matters is externalizing your thoughts and clearly explaining the problem aloud. By adopting the technique, you can gain new insights and perspectives, improve your problem-solving abilities, and overcome challenges more effectively.
So, next time you’re stuck on a problem, try turning to a little yellow duck.
32. Why do programmers use rubber ducks
A. To decorate their workplace. B. To relieve their work pressure.
C. To help fix coding issues efficiently. D. To assist in simplifying coding tasks.
33. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about rubber duck debugging
A. Its major limitations. B. Its broad applications.
C. Its background information. D. Its operational procedures.
34. What principle does “rubber duck debugging” indicate
A. Analyzing mistakes is a great way to improve.
B. Externalizing thoughts can enhance our learning.
C. Detailed explanations can improve concentration.
D. Logical thinking can help solve problems effectively.
35. Which of the following would be the best title
A. Rubber Duck Debugging: A Programmer’s Trick
B. To Teach Is to Learn: The Secret of a Little Rubber Duck
C The History and Application of a Programming Method
D. The Importance of a Rubber Duck in Teaching
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Reading can improve literacy and language skills. However, research shows that reading fiction books might have several other benefits for teens.
Reading fiction books might help teenagers develop their understanding of “who they are”. ___36___ Our identities are made up of our personalities, experiences, values, goals, thoughts, and beliefs, and help us understand why we think, feel, and behave in certain ways. When we emotionally connect with a character in a book and feel immersed in a story, our own identities temporarily expand to include the thoughts, feelings, and experiences of the characters we are connecting with. In this way, fiction books provide an opportunity to explore different possibilities for ourselves, and to reflect upon the parts of our identities which are important to us. ___37___
Fiction books might also help teenagers to develop their understanding of other people and their ability to take others’ perspectives. ___38___ It develops throughout our teenage years as our social worlds become increasingly complex. Connecting with fictional characters might help readers to strengthen their perspective taking skills.
Connections with texts can also help readers navigate difficult emotions and understand their experiences. ___39___ Teens have to navigate the transition to high school, changing relationships with their peers, increased extra-curricular commitments, and are generally becoming more aware of the social and political world around them. Teens say reading gives them an opportunity to escape from their everyday lives.
___40___ While we often focus on attainment outcomes reading also helps teens develop their self-understanding and understanding of others, and can support their emotional well-being at a particularly unrestful period of life. With the teen years being a particularly vulnerable time for reading habits, it’s important we support teens in finding and accessing books they enjoy to help them experience all these benefits.
A. Perspective taking is an important social skill.
B. Reading is a process of personal growth.
C. Fictional stories present identities vastly different from our own.
D. Reading can have numerous benefits for teenagers.
E. The teenage years are often a period of great change.
F. This process is important for teens to learn who they are.
G. Fictional characters help readers explore their own identities.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Like many people, I decided to get a new iPhone about a month ago. My old phone was clearly outdated. Its battery life was terrible. I made an ___41___ at Verizon, expecting a quick visit. It wasn’t. The salesgirl’s ___42___ of plans and pricing lasted longer than many of my lectures — and was ten times harder to follow. Still, I placed the ___43___ .
When I returned three days later to ___44___ my old phone for the new one, a 60-minute data transfer took over three hours. Then came days of emails and texts with the salesgirl to ___45___ remaining issues. Ah, the contradictions of progress. The very tools meant to ___46___ life often complicate it.
Apps demand downloads, uploads, photo scans, password resets— each ___47___ requiring time and patience. I’m older, and younger people adapt more easily. But everyone ___48___ with today’s endless passwords, QR codes, and confusing interfaces (界面). These ___49___ accompany innovations that do make some tasks ____50____ like navigation or ticket purchase— but ____51____ fulfill their promises fully.
Today, even ____52____ tasks like arranging digital documents or understanding workplace apps ____53____ time. And good luck reaching real customer service through the voice-mail maze. Sometimes, I envy those who unplug entirely— though I’d ____54____ short videos. But dealing with my sound system makes “going wild” tempting. Nature’s sounds might be more ____55____ than battling Siri or malfunctioning apps.
41. A. application B. appointment C. impression D. attempt
42. A. explanation B. negotiation C. confirmation D. assessment
43. A. emphasis B. call C. limit D. order
44. A. exchange B. return C. pay D. charge
45. A. describe B. clarify C. fix D. report
46. A. simplify B. disturb C. change D. record
47. A. goal B. feature C. stage D. step
48. A. struggles B. mixes C. varies D. interferes
49. A. limitations B. errors C. annoyances D. chances
50. A. tougher B. easier C. clearer D. fairer
51. A. obviously B. completely C. purposefully D. rarely
52. A. boring B. simple C. important D. urgent
53. A. set aside B. put off C. bring back D. eat away
54. A. miss B. resist C. quit D. review
55. A. available B. passionate C. peaceful D. familiar
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Two years after its launch, the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway, the first in Indonesia and Southeast Asia, has safely transported more than 12 million passengers, ____56____ (mark) a milestone in the country’s modern transit development.
A total of 11 sets of bullet trains and an inspection train, all adopting Chinese standards, were showcased in Qingdao, Shandong Province in August, 2022. Then they ___57____ (ship) to Indonesia.
According to China Railway International, a subsidiary (子公司) of China State Railway Group, ____58____ oversaw (监管) the project, the trains, designed and developed by CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd., were based on ____59____ (advance) and mature technologies of China-made Fuxing bullet trains which operate at the speed of 350 km per hour. The CRRC had also made ___60____ (change) to adapt to the local environment and routes, and containing Indonesia’s cultural elements made passengers travel ____61____ (comfortable).
The 142.3-kilometer line, ___62____ landmark project of the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative, ____63____ (begin) construction in 2018 and was opened to traffic in June, 2023. With trains capable of ____64____ (reach) speeds of up to 350 km per hour, the line cut the journey between Jakarta and the capital of Indonesia’s West Java Province from over three hours ____65____ just 40 minutes.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
66. 第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华，英国朋友Peter 发来邮件邀请你制作一段3分钟的视频，介绍中国的某个传统节日，助力其学校“中国文化周”展示。请给他回信，内容包括：
选定的节日 2.说明要制作的视频内容 3.征求意见
Dear Peter,
______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Lucy turned on the TV. The house was quiet because her son, Patrick, was on a school camping trip. She was surfing through TV channels when Patrick’s teacher phoned her.
“Hi, Mr Randall,” Lucy said. “Is everything okay ”
“I’m so sorry, Miss Stevens,” Mr Randall wept. “I don’t know how this happened, but Patrick is lost!”
Lucy’s heart thumped like a drum.
“What...” Lucy nervously asked. “What do you mean, Mr Randall How could he get lost ”
“I’m not sure. I already called the police, and they’re currently out there, searching the woods.”
Lucy stood. “I’m heading out there right now!”
She fetched one of the old hiking backpacks, climbed into her car and then set off.
By the time she arrived at the campsite, the sun was setting. “When did Patrick get lost ” Lucy asked as she strode toward Mr Randall.
“I know Patrick was still with us when we stopped for lunch.” Mr Randal sighed. “But I’ m not sure when he got separated from the group. When we returned to the campsite, he was missing.” Lucy looked at the children moving among the tents. Thinking of her son out in the forest by himself brought tears to her eyes.
Lucy hiked and camped frequently when she was younger. She returned to her car and fetched the supplies she’d packed. She had brought a flashlight, food, and water, in addition to the multi-tool and a basic first-aid kit in her backpack.
It was very dark. Lucy didn’t want to go in there alone, but Patrick’s safety depended on her. She turned on her flashlight and set off along a narrow path leading through the trees.
The deeper Lucy walked into the forest, the more anxious she became. Lucy shivered with cold as she searched. What’s worse, her flashlight ran out of batteries hours later. She realized now that it was safer to wait for dawn and continue then. Lucy drank water and ate some food while she made a fire to warm up.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答
As soon as the dawn broke, Lucy continued to search the dark forest.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
The smoke was coming from an old cabin (小木屋) by a still lake.
月考详解
1. 【答案】B
【原文】W: My brother’s family is coming to visit next week, and I planned to clean the entire house this weekend. But now, I’m feeling ill.
M: That’s unfortunate, but you can’t argue with your health.
W: You’re right. I’ll just have to take it easy before they arrive.
2. 【答案】A
【原文】W: You and your wife are still so in love, even after 50 years. What are your tips
M: The key is remembering that your relationship matters more than anything else. For example, making money is great, but why bother if you have no one to share it with
3. 【答案】C
【原文】M: Alice, can I borrow that library book you checked out
W: Sure, John. But it’s due back pretty soon. Could you take it back to the library for me, once you’re done with it I don’t want to get charged for being late.
M: No problem.
4. 【答案】B
【原文】W: Are you glad you got a dog
M: Definitely. I mean, I wish there weren’t always dog hair all over my house. But it’s not as bad, since I bought myself a cleaning robot. Plus, he needs long walks, which helps keep me active.
5. 【答案】A
【原文】M: So, I understand you saw the accident. Can you tell me what happened
W: The taxi was going much too fast as it approached the traffic lights. The light turned red, and the driver didn’t have time to stop before the bus pulled out.
【答案】6. A 7. B
【原文】M: It’s the perfect day for a movie. Shall we go after school
W: I wish I could. But I promised I’d go to visit my grandmother. I’m going to take her to do her food shopping.
M: Oh, that doesn’t sound like much fun.
W: I don’t mind. When I was younger, I used to think it was boring. But now, I really love to be around her. She worked as a hospital nurse for most of her life, so she has some really interesting stories. And she tells me about my family. It’s really nice.
【答案】8. C 9. A
【原文】M: What do you want to do tonight We really need to do something to treat ourselves after such a busy week!
W: I don’t know. I don’t have the energy for dancing or anything like that. We could go out for dinner.
M: Hmm... It’s probably too late to book a table. Why don’t we try that board game café in town They have hundreds of board games to choose from and you can buy snacks and drinks while you play.
W: That sounds fun! But there aren’t many board games for two.
M: Hmm... maybe not. But we could ask Vicky and Mike to come with us. I’ll text them now.
W: That’s nice. They are good players.
【答案】10. C 11. B 12. B
【原文】W: Good morning! Ready for another day at school
M: Not really! I was up late last night finishing my book report. I’m glad you’re here. Now, I don’t need to worry about missing our stop while sleeping here.
W: Ha-ha! Here. Check the news with me. That will keep you awake.
M: On Weibo No thanks. I prefer the old-fashioned TV news.
W: Really Why
M: I just think it’s more balanced. It’s all too easy to get into an “information cocoon” online.
W: A “cocoon” isn’t that the little home a bug makes when it’s turning into a butterfly
M: Exactly. Social media programs present you with information they think you’ll like. In terms of the news, that means you won’t often see stories that disagree with what you already believe.
W: Right, I see. And that’s why it’s called a “cocoon”, because it’s like hiding yourself away in a soft, comfortable place.
M: Exactly!
W: I see. That’s a good point!
【答案】13. C 14. C 15. A 16. B
【原文】W: Everything alright, Rob
M: Oh… not really. I’m having a few friendship problems.
W: Do you want to talk about it
M: Well, Matt and I have been best friends since we were five.
W: Wow That’s so much longer than I’ve known you guys. So, you’ve been friends for 25 years
M: Yeah! We left home together and even went to the same college. He has always been there for me. But ever since he was laid off from his previous job three months ago, he has become so negative. It seems he has lost all his passion for things he ever loved.
W: Hmm… That’s terrible.
M: It’s really getting me down. My sister, Clara, says I should start avoiding him, but I’d feel awful about doing that.
W: No, you can’t do that. It’s hard to be around someone who is negative. But he’s your friend. You could take him into nature to help him get rid of his negative feelings. And you can hang around with other friends who make you happy sometimes.
M: Like you! Thanks, Jenny.
【答案】17. A 18. C 19. A 20. C
【原文】Welcome to the theater club. I’m Teresa, your new club president, and I’m excited to announce that we have chosen our autumn show. We are going to perform Liam Pierce’s The New Sky! It’s a funny, heartwarming story of a group of theater-loving women who decide to perform an all-female version of William Shakespeare’s play, while all the men are away fighting in World War II. We’ll be looking for six girls to play the female parts, ranging from young women to old ladies. There are also a couple of male parts: Alexander Ford, the young stage manager, and Mr. White, the old theater owner who constantly makes trouble for our heroines on purpose! The original play was set in the U.S. , but our writers decided to move the action to Australia, so we could use our own accents. There are passages of Shakespeare throughout the play, for which we’ll use British accents. Tryouts are on Friday. You’ll be asked to read a scene from the play, as well as perform a short Shakespeare speech. You won’t need to sing at the tryouts, but please be aware that there is a small amount of singing required in the show. I hope to see you all there!
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了牛津大学2025年暑期学校的相关信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Immerse Yourself in the Oxford Experience部分“You’ll live and study at one of the historic colleges in the University of Oxford or at Rewley House, experience dining in the hall, and explore the world’s most famous university city.(你将在牛津大学的一所历史悠久的学院或Rewley House生活和学习，体验在大厅用餐，并探索世界上最著名的大学城。)”可知，参与者可以在历史悠久的学院学习和生活。故选C。
22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Introductory Level部分“All courses are designed at an introductory level for non-specialists, and no prior knowledge is necessary.(所有课程都是为非专业人士设计的入门级课程，不需要先修知识。)”，紧接着提到“Inspiring Oxford”是其中一个课程，因此“Inspiring Oxford”是为初学者设计的。故选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Undergraduate Level部分“Credits earned from OUSSA are transferable towards our flexible and part-time Undergraduate Certificate of Higher Education.(从OUSSA获得的学分可以转入我们灵活的非全日制高等教育本科证书课程。)”可知，OUSSA项目的特别之处在于它提供可转移的学分。故选B。
B
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者在斯瓦尔巴德群岛遭遇北极熊的惊险经历，以及其对自然态度的转变。
【24题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“When a bear is hungry, it essentially becomes a meat-seeking missile — it can smell you from many miles away.(当北极熊饥饿时，它本质上就变成了一枚追踪肉类的导弹——它能在数英里外闻到你的气味。)”可知，“meat-seeking missile”字面意为“追踪肉类的导弹”，导弹具有目标明确、精准追击、极具威胁的特点，结合后文“能在数英里外闻到人的气味”可知，该比喻强调北极熊饥饿时捕猎目标明确、极具致命性，突出其致命的狩猎精准度。故选B项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“For several nights, I stayed alert and kept waking up to what I thought was the sound of a bear in the snow. Checking was tough — my tent was coated in ice, which would fall when I moved.(连续好几个晚上，我都保持警惕，不断醒来，以为听到了北极熊在雪地里的声音。检查很困难——我的帐篷结了冰，一动就会掉下来。)”可知，作者详细描述检查帐篷的过程，是为了强调随后遭遇北极熊的意外与惊险。故选D项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I had a loaded gun, but it was behind me — reaching for it risked an attack. So my hand instinctively reached for the nearest combat-ready thing I could see: the porridge encrusted saucepan.(我有一把上了膛的枪，但它在我身后——伸手去拿会有被攻击的风险。于是我的手本能地伸向了我能看到的最近的、可用于自卫的东西：那只结着粥垢的平底锅。)”可知，作者选择平底锅是因为它伸手可及。故选A项。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“As a young adventurer I used to feel it was me against my surroundings, but then I realized I could work with nature and bears have more of a right to be there than me.(作为一名年轻的冒险家，我曾经觉得我要与周围的环境对抗，但后来我意识到我可以与自然共处，而且北极熊比我更有权利待在那里。)”可知，作者的态度从对抗自然转变为顺应、与自然合作。故选C项。
C
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍大型语言模型在带来效率提升的同时，可能削弱人们独立思考与批判性思维能力，并反思其真正价值。
【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“But as we feel surprised at their capabilities, a pressing concern emerges: Are these models genuinely boosting efficiency, or are they eroding our capacity for independent thought, judgment and critical reflection (但当我们对它们的能力感到惊讶时，一个迫切的担忧出现了：这些模型是真正提高了效率，还是eroding我们独立思考、判断和批判性反思的能力？)”可知，句中使用了选择对比结构 “genuinely boosting efficiency” 与“eroding our capacity”形成反义关系，boosting表示 “提升、增强”，与之相反的eroding应表示“逐渐损害、破坏、削弱”。故选C项。
【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“As the more intellectual labor — writing, summarizing and decision-making, for example — is handed over to AI, the less we will engage with it ourselves. Instead of reserving our thoughtfulness for higher tasks, we will increasingly lose the opportunities, and perhaps even the ability, to think critically. (随着更多的智力劳动——例如写作、总结和决策——被交给人工智能，我们自己参与其中的程度就会越低。我们不会把思考留给更高层次的任务，反而会越来越失去批判性思考的机会，甚至可能失去这种能力。)”可知，大型语言模型会导致人们独立思考减少。故选B项。
【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Efficiency, in the true sense, should not be about doing more with less thought. It should be about doing better, with deeper attention, stronger ethics and sustained human insight.(真正意义上的效率，不应该是用更少的思考做更多的事，而应该是用更深入的关注、更强的道德感和持续的人类洞察力把事情做得更好)”可知，作者主张使用大型语言模型时增加人类参与。故选D项。
【31题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“But as we feel surprised at their capabilities, a pressing concern emerges: Are these models genuinely boosting efficiency, or are they eroding our capacity for independent thought, judgment and critical reflection (但当我们对它们的能力感到惊讶时，一个迫切的担忧出现了：这些模型是真正提高了效率，还是正在削弱我们独立思考、判断和批判性反思的能力？)”可知，作者写作目的是反思大型语言模型带来的负面影响。故选B项。
D
【答案】32. C 33. C 34. B 35. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了起源于编程领域的“橡皮鸭调试法”，说明了该方法的概念、起源背景与核心原理，同时指出该方法可以推广应用到编程之外的诸多场景，帮助人们解决问题、加深理解。
【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“In fact, the rubber duck serves as a practical tool to help solve problems. Programmers explain code or problems in detail to the rubber duck. By describing the problem aloud step by step, they gain a clearer understanding of the code’s flow and structure, leading to better problem-solving.(事实上，橡皮鸭是帮助解决问题的实用工具。程序员向橡皮鸭详细解释代码或问题。通过一步一步地大声描述问题，他们对代码的流程和结构有了更清晰的理解，从而能够更好地解决问题)”可知，程序员使用橡皮鸭是为了帮助高效地解决编码问题。故选C项。
【33题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The term “rubber duck debugging” was first introduced in the 1999 book The Pragmatic Programmer by Andrew Hunt and David Thomas. It originated in a practice among programmers of explaining their code problems to objects to find mistakes more easily. Since then, the concept has become widely recognized in programming culture, inspiring similar debugging techniques and discussions in software development communities.(“橡皮鸭调试”一词最早出现在1999年安德鲁·亨特和大卫·托马斯合著的《程序员修炼之道》一书中。它起源于程序员向对象解释他们的代码问题，以便更容易地发现错误的做法。从那时起，这个概念在编程文化中得到了广泛认可，激发了软件开发社区中类似的调试技术和讨论)”可知，本段主要介绍了“橡皮鸭调试”这一概念的起源和背景。故选C项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Though the term “rubber duck debugging” specifically refers to explaining the code to a rubber duck, the actual presence of a rubber duck is not crucial to the process — any object or even a person can serve as a substitute for it. What matters is externalizing your thoughts and clearly explaining the problem aloud. By adopting the technique, you can gain new insights and perspectives, improve your problem-solving abilities, and overcome challenges more effectively.(尽管“橡皮鸭调试法”特指向橡皮鸭解释代码的过程，但橡皮鸭本身并非关键——任何物品甚至他人都可替代。真正重要的是将思维外化，通过大声阐述问题来厘清逻辑。运用此法能获得新视角、提升解决问题的能力，从而更高效地攻克难关)”可知，橡皮鸭调试法的核心原则是将内心的想法外化，这能帮助人们提升学习和解决问题的能力。故选B项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第四段中“Though the term “rubber duck debugging” specifically refers to explaining the code to a rubber duck, the actual presence of a rubber duck is not crucial to the process — any object or even a person can serve as a substitute for it. What matters is externalizing your thoughts and clearly explaining the problem aloud. By adopting the technique, you can gain new insights and perspectives, improve your problem-solving abilities, and overcome challenges more effectively.(尽管“橡皮鸭调试法”特指向橡皮鸭解释代码的过程，但橡皮鸭本身并非关键——任何物品甚至他人都可替代。真正重要的是将思维外化，通过大声阐述问题来厘清逻辑。运用此法能获得新视角、提升解决问题的能力，从而更高效地攻克难关)”可知，文章围绕橡皮鸭展开介绍“橡皮鸭调试法”，该方法的核心是：对着橡皮鸭讲解问题相当于教它，在这个过程中讲解者自身会加深理解、解决问题，契合“教即学习”的核心，也覆盖了该方法从编程到多场景应用的范围。因此B项“教即是学：一只小橡皮鸭的秘密”可作为本文的最佳标题。故选B项。
【答案】36. G 37. F 38. A 39. E 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍阅读小说对青少年的多重益处：帮助青少年认识自我、理解他人、疏导情绪，促进青少年心理健康与成长。
【36题详解】上文“Reading fiction books might help teenagers develop their understanding of “who they are”.(阅读小说有助于青少年加深对“自我是谁”的理解。)”提出阅读小说能帮助青少年认识自我。下文“Our identities are made up of our personalities, experiences, values, goals, thoughts, and beliefs, and help us understand why we think, feel, and behave in certain ways.(我们的身份由我们的个性、经历、价值观、目标、思想和信仰组成，并帮助我们理解为什么我们会以某种方式思考、感受和行为。)”对身份进行解释。选项G“虚构人物帮助读者探索自己的身份。”承接上文认识自我的话题，进一步解释了虚构类书籍可以帮助青少年探索自我身份，为下文对“身份”的定义做铺垫，符合题意。故选G。
【37题详解】上文“In this way, fiction books provide an opportunity to explore different possibilities for ourselves, and to reflect upon the parts of our identities which are important to us.(通过这种方式，小说为我们提供了探索自我不同可能性的机会，并反思对我们而言重要的身份部分。)”说明阅读小说对探索自我的作用。选项F“这个过程对青少年了解自己是谁至关重要。”总结上文过程的意义，呼应段落主题，符合语境。故选F。
【38题详解】上文“Fiction books might also help teenagers to develop their understanding of other people and their ability to take others’ perspectives.(小说还能帮助青少年理解他人，培养换位思考的能力。)”提出换位思考这一要点。下文“It develops throughout our teenage years as our social worlds become increasingly complex.(随着社交世界变得日益复杂，它在青少年时期不断发展。)”中的“It”指代该能力。选项A“换位思考是一项重要的社交技能。”对该能力进行定义，承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
【39题详解】下文“Teens have to navigate the transition to high school, changing relationships with their peers, increased extra-curricular commitments, and are generally becoming more aware of the social and political world around them.(青少年必须适应向高中的过渡，改变与同龄人的关系，增加课外活动，并且通常越来越了解周围的社会和政治世界。)”介绍青少年面临的变化。选项E“青少年时期通常是充满巨大变化的阶段。”引出下文青少年的处境，衔接自然，符合语境。故选E。
【40题详解】下文“While we often focus on attainment outcomes, reading also helps teens develop their self-understanding and understanding of others, and can support their emotional well-being at a particularly unrestful period of life.(虽然我们经常关注成就结果，但阅读也有助于青少年发展自我理解和对他人的理解，并可以在生活中特别不稳定的时期支持他们的情绪健康。)”总体说明阅读对青少年的多种好处。选项D“阅读对青少年有诸多益处。”总领全段，概括核心内容。故选D。
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. A 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. B 51. D 52. B 53. D 54. A 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者更换新手机时遇到的种种麻烦，感慨科技本应简化生活，却常带来困扰与烦恼。
【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在威瑞森电信预约了业务，本以为很快就能办完。A. application申请；B. appointment预约；C. impression印象；D. attempt尝试。根据下文“The salesgirl’s _____ of plans and pricing lasted longer than many of my lectures— and was ten times harder to follow.”以及常识可知，去营业厅办手机业务，要先预约。故选B。
【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：女店员对各种套餐和价格的讲解，比我上的很多节课都要长，而且难懂十倍。A. explanation解释、讲解；B. negotiation谈判、协商；C. confirmation确认、证实；D. assessment评估、评价。根据主语“The salesgirl’s”以及空后“plans and pricing”，再结合常识可知，女店员应该是对套餐和价格进行讲解。故选A。
【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：即便这样，我还是下了订单。A. emphasis强调、重点；B. call打电话、呼叫；C. limit限制、限度；D. order订单、命令。根据下文“When I returned three days later to _____ my old phone for the new one, a 60-minute data transfer took over three hours.”可知，作者下了订单。短语“place an order”，意为“下单”，符合句意。故选D。
【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：三天后我回去，用旧手机换新手机，原本只需60分钟的数据迁移，竟然花了三个多小时。A. exchange交换、更换；B. return返回、归还；C. pay支付、付款；D. charge收费、充电、负责。根据空后“my old phone for the new one”以及“a 60-minute data transfer took over three hours”可推测，作者是用旧手机换新手机。短语：exchange... for...，意为“用……换……”，符合句意。故选A。
【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：之后几天里，我和店员来回发邮件、发短信，解决遗留的问题。A. describe描述、形容；B. clarify澄清、阐明；C. fix修理、解决；D. report报告、报道。根据空前“emails and texts with the salesgirl”以及空后“remaining issues”，再结合常识可知，来回发邮件、短信，是为了解决剩下的问题。故选C。
【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些本应简化生活的工具，往往反而把生活变得复杂。A. simplify简化、使简易；B. disturb打扰、妨碍；C. change改变、变化；D. record记录、记载。根据空后“often complicate it”可推测，空处与此相反，指的是简化生活。故选A。
【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：各种应用需要下载、上传、照片扫描、重置密码——每一个步骤都需要时间和耐心。A. goal目标、目的；B. feature特征、特点；C. stage阶段、舞台；D. step步骤、脚步。根据上文“Apps demand downloads, uploads, photo scans, password resets”可知，空处指的是上文的操作步骤。故选D。
【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但如今，每个人都在疲于应付没完没了的密码、二维码和令人困惑的界面。A. struggles奋斗、艰难应对；B. mixes混合、混淆；C. varies变化、不同；D. interferes干涉、干扰。根据空后“with today’s endless passwords, QR codes, and confusing interfaces (界面).”可知，这是每个人都在应付的事情。故选A。
【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些烦心事伴随着创新而来，而这些创新确实让导航、购票等一些事情变得更简单，却很少能完全兑现它们的承诺。A. limitations局限、限制；B. errors错误、差错；C. annoyances烦恼、烦人的事；D. chances机会、机遇。根据上文“But everyone ____ with today’s endless passwords, QR codes, and confusing interfaces (界面).”可知，密码烦、界面复杂、步骤多都是令人烦恼的事。故选C。
【50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些烦心事伴随着创新而来，而这些创新确实让导航、购票等一些事情变得更简单，却很少能完全兑现它们的承诺。A. tougher更艰难的、更棘手的；B. easier更容易的、更简单的；C. clearer更清楚的、更清晰的；D. fairer更公平的、更公正的。根据空后“like navigation or ticket purchase”可知，科技确实让导航、买票这类事情更简单。故选B。
【51题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些烦心事伴随着创新而来，而这些创新确实让导航、购票等一些事情变得更简单，却很少能完全兑现它们的承诺。A. obviously明显地、显然地；B. completely完全地、彻底地；C. purposefully有目的地、故意地；D. rarely很少、难得。根据空前的“but”可推测，下文内容与上文内容存在转折关系。由此可推测，虽然方便了，但很少能完全兑现承诺。故选D。
【52题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，就连整理电子文档、熟悉办公软件这类简单的任务，也在消耗时间。A. boring无聊的、令人厌烦的；B. simple简单的、简易的；C. important重要的；D. urgent紧急的、急迫的。根据空后“like arranging digital documents or understanding workplace apps”可知，这些都是简单的任务。故选B。
【53题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：如今，就连整理电子文档、熟悉办公软件这类简单的任务，也在消耗时间。A. set aside留出、搁置；B. put off推迟、拖延；C. bring back带回、使想起；D. eat away侵蚀、消磨。根据上文“When I returned three days later to ____ my old phone for the new one, a 60-minute data transfer took over three hours.”以及“but ____ fulfill their promises fully.”可推测，空处指的是这些简单的任务也在消耗时间。故选D。
【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，我羡慕那些完全不用电子产品的人——尽管我会想念短视频。A. miss想念、错过；B. resist抵抗、抵制；C. quit放弃、退出；D. review复习、回顾。根据上文“Sometimes, I envy those who unplug entirely”可知，作者羡慕不用电子产品的人；再根据“though”可推测，作者思念短视频。故选A。
【55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大自然的声音，或许比和Siri或出故障的应用较劲更宁静。A. available可获得的、可用的；B. passionate热情的、狂热的；C. peaceful平静的、宁静的；D. familiar熟悉的、常见的。根据上文“But dealing with my sound system makes “going wild” tempting. Nature’s sounds might be more ”和下文“than battling Siri or malfunctioning apps”可知，折腾音响系统，简直快把作者逼疯了。作者觉得大自然的声音比和Siri、故障软件斗争更宁静。故选C。
【答案】56. marking 57. were shipped 58. which 59. advanced 60. changes
61. comfortably 62. a 63. began 64. reaching 65. to
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印尼和东南亚首条高速铁路——雅万高铁开通两年来的运营成就、列车制造技术以及其对两地通勤时间的显著缩短。
【56题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：雅万高铁是印尼和东南亚首条高速铁路，开通两年后已安全运送超过1200万名乘客，标志着该国现代交通发展的一个里程碑。句中已有谓语has transported，且空处与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作结果状语。故填marking。
【57题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：2022年8月，全部采用中国标准的11组动车组和1列检测列车在山东省青岛市展出，随后它们被运往印尼。主语they与ship之间为被动关系，且描述过去动作，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were shipped。
【58题详解】考查定语从句。句意：据中国国家铁路集团有限公司的子公司——中国铁路国际有限公司（该公司监管该项目）介绍，这些列车由中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司设计研发，基于中国制造、时速350公里的复兴号动车组的先进成熟技术。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词China Railway International，关系词在从句中作主语，故用which。故填which。
【59题详解】考查形容词。句意：这些列车基于中国制造、时速350公里的复兴号动车组的先进成熟技术。空处修饰名词technologies，应用形容词advanced表示“先进的”。故填advanced。
【60题详解】考查名词复数。句意：中车还进行了改造以适应当地环境和线路，并且融入印尼文化元素使乘客出行舒适。make changes为固定搭配，意为“做出改变”，且change在此处为可数名词，应用复数形式表示泛指。故填changes。
【61题详解】考查副词。句意：中车还进行了改造以适应当地环境和线路，并且融入印尼文化元素使乘客出行舒适。空处修饰动词travel，应用副词comfortably“舒适地”作状语。故填comfortably。
【62题详解】考查冠词。句意：这条142.3公里长的线路是中国提出的“一带一路”倡议的标志性项目，于2018年开工建设，2023年6月通车。landmark project为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一个标志性项目”，故用不定冠词a。故填a。
【63题详解】考查动词时态。句意同上。根据时间状语in 2018和并列谓语was opened可知，此处描述过去动作，应用一般过去时。故填began。
【64题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：列车最高时速可达350公里，将雅加达到西爪哇省首府的行程从三个多小时缩短至仅40分钟。be capable of为固定短语，of是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填reaching。
【65题详解】考查介词。句意：列车最高时速可达350公里，将雅加达到西爪哇省首府的行程从三个多小时缩短至仅40分钟。固定搭配from... to...表示“从……到……”。故填to。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
Dear Peter,
I'm delighted to have the opportunity to introduce Chinese culture to your schoolmates during the upcoming Chinese Culture Week. I've decided to choose the Spring Festival, the most cherished traditional festival in China, which boasts profound cultural significance.
In the video, I'll first talk about its origin. Then I'll explore essential and interesting customs like family reunion dinners and pasting spring couplets. Additionally, I'll briefly interpret the cultural meaning they carry, such as honoring family bonds and embracing a new start. To make the introduction more vivid and authentic, I will insert clips from the video of my family celebrating the Spring Festival so that our schoolmates can directly feel the warm atmosphere of the Spring Festival in a Chinese family.
What do you think of the video content I've planned If you have any question, email me.
第二节（满分25分）
【答案】 As soon as the dawn broke, Lucy continued to search the dark forest. She called out Patrick’s name loudly, her voice trembling with worry and love. She stepped carefully over branches and rocks, following the small path she had discovered the night before. Tired and hungry as she was, she never stopped moving. The hope of finding her son kept her going. Suddenly, a thin wisp of smoke rising in the distance caught her attention. Her eyes lit up immediately, and she rushed towards it as fast as she could.
The smoke was coming from an old cabin by a still lake. She pushed the door open gently and found Patrick sitting quietly by a small fire, safe and unhurt. He had found the cabin and stayed there to keep warm. The moment Patrick saw Lucy, he jumped up and ran into her arms, crying happily. Lucy held him tightly, tears of relief running down her face. She gave him food and water, and then they walked back to the campsite together. Everyone was overjoyed to see Patrick return safely.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了露西得知儿子在露营时走失后，不顾危险深夜进山搜寻，在森林中等待黎明，最终找到儿子、母子平安团聚的故事。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
① 由第一段首句“天一亮，露西就继续在漆黑的森林里搜寻。”可知，接下来可描写露西天亮后继续搜寻的状态，通过她的动作、神态体现其焦急与坚持，同时设置线索，为下文找到儿子埋下伏笔。
② 由第二段首句“烟雾来自平静湖边的一座旧小木屋。”可知，接下来可描写露西赶到小木屋的场景，发现儿子平安无事的惊喜与欣慰，展现母子重逢的温情，以及两人返回营地、与众人团聚的结局。
2. 续写线索：
黎明出发继续搜寻——大声呼喊儿子名字、艰难前行——发现远处烟雾，燃起希望——奔赴湖边小木屋——找到平安的帕特里克，母子相拥——给儿子补充食物水分——一同返回营地，众人欢庆团聚
3.词类激活
行为类 ①颤抖：tremble/shake ②冲：rush/race/dash ③看见：see/spot/catch sight of
情绪类 ①疲惫的：tired/exhausted②高兴的：overjoyed/thrilled
【点睛】【高分句型1】She called out Patrick’s name loudly, her voice trembling with worry and love. （运用了独立主格结构）
【高分句型2】Tired and hungry as she was, she never stopped moving. （运用了部分倒装）
【高分句型3】 The moment Patrick saw Lucy, he jumped up and ran into her arms, crying happily. （运用了the moment引导时间状语从句）
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