资源简介

Discovering Useful Structures
语法感知
观察并探究课文原句
1．There are many reasons people learn a foreign language.
2．That was a time the Chinese people were divided geographically.
3．Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
4．These were animal bones and shells symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
自我归纳
1．先行词是表 的名词reason, why在从句中作 状语。
2．先行词是表 的名词time, when在从句中作 状语。
3．先行词是表 的名词country, where在从句中作 状语。
4．先行词是名词bones and shells, 在which前加了介词 ，构成： (on, in...)＋ (which)引导的定语从句。
语法精析
一、关系副词的用法
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which代替
where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which代替
why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which代替
基本用法
关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用，又在从句中作状语，when, where和why分别表示时间，地点和原因。
1．when
在从句中作时间状语。常用on which, in which, at which, during which等代替。
e．g. April the first is the day when people make fun of others.
＝April the first is the day on which people make fun of others.
2．where
在从句中作地点状语。常可由in which, on which, at which等取代。
e．g.This is the house where he lived two years ago.
＝This is the house in which he lived two years ago.
3．why
why在定语从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。why不可引导非限定性定语从句，此时可用for which代替。
e．g. This is the reason why he went away.
＝This is the reason for which he went away.
注意：不管先行词表示的是时间、地点还是原因，只要在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，引导词就要用which或that。
I’ll never forget the days (which/that) we spent in the small village.
我永远忘不了我们在那个小村庄度过的那些日子。(作宾语)
Is this the farm (which/that) you visited last week
这是你们上周参观过的那个农场吗？(作宾语)
The park which/that attracts the most visitors will be closed.
吸引参观者最多的那个公园将要关闭了。(作主语)
The reason (which/that) he explained at the meeting was not sound.
他在会议上解释的原因并不充分。(作宾语)
二、“介词＋关系代词”的用法
1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用whose, which或whom，不用that。
This is the pencil with which I draw pictures.
这是我画画用的那支铅笔。
2．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。
关系代词前介词选择三原则： 一先，二动，三意义。
(1)一先，即根据介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。
We will never forget the day on which the earthquake happened in Wenchuan.
我们将永远不会忘记汶川发生地震的日子。
(2)二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。
He is the model from whom we should learn.
他是我们应该学习的榜样。
(3)三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
Look at the building over which is flying a red flag. It’s where I work.
看那栋上面飘着红旗的房子，这就是我上班的地方。
3．“介词＋关系代词”前可有名词、数词或some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, one, few等代词，构成“名词/代词/数词等＋介词＋关系代词”结构。
Here are the questions, some of which I thought difficult for you.
就是这些问题，其中一些我认为对你来说太难。
课堂达标
Ⅰ.找出下列各句中定语从句的引导词，并指出其功能
1．I still remember the days we studied in middle school.(状语)
2．I still remember the days we spent in the island in our holidays.(宾语)
3．The factory my father works is very big.(状语)
4．The factory is near my home is very big.(主语)
5．The factory we visited is very big.(宾语)
6．The factory name is HD is very big.(定语)
Ⅱ.用适当的介词填空
1．Air, which man can’t live, is really important.
2．The witness whom the policemen referred was killed.
3．I don’t know the reason which he was late for school.
Ⅲ.用“介词＋关系代词”完成下列句子
1．Trading leather shoes is the business (格林一家所致力于的)．(devote)
2．He had a lot of friends, (没有人会提供帮助) to him when he was in trouble.(offer)
3．There are two buildings there, (较大的那栋大约有) a hundred feet tall. (stand)
【参考答案】
语法感知
观察并探究课文原句
1．why 2．when 3．where 4．on which
自我归纳
1．原因；原因
2．时间；时间
3．地点；地点
4．on；介词；关系代词
课堂达标
Ⅰ.找出下列各句中定语从句的引导词，并指出其功能
1．when 2．which 3．where 4．which 5．which 6．whose
Ⅱ.用适当的介词填空
1．without 2．to 3．for
Ⅲ.用“介词＋关系代词”完成下列句子
1．to which the Greens are devoted
2．none of whom would offer help
3．the larger of which stands nearlyListening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
(Language Points)
基础自测
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1． (adj.& n．) 出生地的；本地的；土著的；本地人
2． (n.)态度；看法
3． (prep.)即使；尽管
4． (vt.& vi.)雕刻
5． (n.)地方话；方言
6． (n.& vt.)尊重；关注；把……视为；看待
7． (n.)公共事务；事件；关系
8． (adj.)特定的；明确的；具体的
9． (n.& vi.)斗争；奋斗；搏斗
10． (vi.& vt.)提到；参考；查阅；查询；叫……求助于 →reference (n.)参考；参考文献
11． (n.)文明；文明世界→civilized (vt.)文明的；非野蛮的
12． _ (adj.)以(某事)为基础的→base (n.) 以……为据点；以……为基础；底部；根据→basic (adj.)基础的；基本的
13． (n.)符号；象征→symbolize (vt.)是……的象征；代表
14． (n.)(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→various (adj.)各种不同的
15． (adj.& n. &vi.)主要的；重要的；大的；主修课程；主修→majority (n.)大多数
16． (adj.& n．)传统的；最优秀的；典型的；经典作品；名著→classical (adj.)古典的
17． (n.)文字；符号；角色；品质；特点→characteristic (n.& adj.)特征；特点；典型的；独特的
18． (adj.)全球的；全世界的→globe (n.)地球，地球仪
19． (vi，&vt.)欣赏；重视；感激；领会；增值→appreciation (n.)欣赏；感激
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．refer 指的是；描述；提到 ；查阅
2．do business 与……做生意
3．be known 因……而闻名
4． and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
5．date back 追溯到
6．play a role(part) 在……中起作用
7． number of 大量的
8．point view 看法；观点
Ⅲ.核心句型
1．leading to...为现在分词短语作状语
Over the years, it developed into different forms because that was a time when the Chinese people were divided geographically， .
随着时间的推移，它发展成不同的形式，因为那是一个中国人在地理上分裂，导致许多方言和文字的品种的时期。
2．no matter where/what 引导的让步状语从句
Even today, Chinese people live or dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
3．as引导时间状语从句
China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to...
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，日益增长的大量国际留学生开始……
互动探究
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．native adj.本国的；本地的；n．本地人
①It is well known to us all that the giant panda is native to China.
众所周知大熊猫原产于中国。
native adj. 本国的；本地的
n. 本地人
某人的母语
one's native place 某人的故乡
sth.be native to some place 某物是某地的土特产
sb.be native of/to some place 某人是某地的本地人
用native或与native相关的短语完成下列小片段。
Tony is a ② French speaker because he is ③ France and French is his ④ . As we all know，he is from France，so we always ask him to tell us some products that ⑤ his country.
2．attitude n．态度；看法
①His attitude made me angry. 他的态度让我很生气。
attitude to/towards sth./sb. 对……的态度
②Do you think she's likely to change her attitude study
你认为她会改变对学习的态度吗？
3．refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
①People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”．
那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领工人”。
(1)refer to ... as ...称……为……
(2)reference n．提及，谈到；参考；查阅
for quick/easy/further reference
以便快速/容易/日后查阅
reference book 参考书
②We all agreed never to again.
我们一致同意永远不再提这件事。
③A vocabulary index is included .
附有词汇索引以便查阅。
[名师点津]
我们还学过以下表示“把……看做/称为……”的短语：regard ... as, look on ... as, treat ... as, think of ... as, consider ... as。
4．despite prep.即使；尽管
①He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.
尽管病的很重，他还是来参加了会议．
despite＝in spite of后面可跟名词、动词ing或句子
②Despite to see him again, she refused to reply to his letters.
尽管很想再次见见他，她还是拒绝答复他的信．
③Despite others say，I think he is a good boy.
不管别人说什么，我还是认为他是个好男孩．
5．base vt.以……为基础；n．基部；基地；基础
①His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.
他的第一本书下个月就要出版了，这本书是根据一个真实故事写的。
(1)basement n．地下室
basic adj.基本的，基础的
(2)base...on...＝be based on... 根据……；以……为基础
(3)on the base of以……为基础
a military base军事基地
②The film is based on a novel by Sinclair Lewis.
这部电影取材于辛克莱·刘易斯的小说。
③This is the basic theory of language teaching.
这是语言教学的基本理论。
6．date back始于……；追溯到
①The history of the pyramids in Egypt dates back to about 3,000 BC.
埃及金字塔的历史大约可以追溯到公元前3 000年。
date back (to)＝date from始于……；追溯到(一般只用现在时态，没有被动语态)
②Paper making in China (date) back to about 200 BC.
在中国大约公元前200年就开始造纸了。
③The history of the Great Wall can the Qin Dynasty.
长城的历史可以追溯到秦朝。
[词语辨析]　date back to/date back
date back to 相当于date from/go back to，后面接时间点，意为“追溯到”，经常用现在分词短语形式作后置定语或状语
date back 相当于go back，后面接时间段，意为“追溯，上溯”
[语境串记]
The history of their family dates back hundreds of years, and the house where they live dates back to the 18th century.
他们的家族已有几百年的历史，并且他们住的房子建于18世纪。
7．symbol n．符号；象征
①Do these symbols have any particular significance
这些符号有什么特别的含义吗？
a symbol of ... ……的象征/标志
the symbol for ... ……的符号
②White has always been a symbol purity in western cultures.
在西方文化中，白色总是象征纯洁。
③We use “x” as the symbol an unknown quantity.
我们用“x”表示一个未知数。
[词语辨析]　symbol/sign/signal/mark
symbol 指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物
sign 普通用词，指人们公认事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆
signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号
mark 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征
选用以上单词填空
④A red lamp is often used as a danger .
⑤The dove is the of peace.
⑥I made a under the sentence to remind me to check the figure.
⑦World trade is showing of revival (复苏)．
8．variety n．种类，品种；变化，多样性
①A variety of food is sold at a supermarket.
在超市，各种各样的食物均有出售。
(1)a variety of＝varieties of　各种各样的
(2)various adj. 各种各样的
(3)vary v. (使)变化，不同
vary from ... to ... 由……到……情况不等
②Our customs place place.
我们的风俗习惯因地而异。
③Everyone arrived late at the party for (vary) reasons.
由于种种原因，每个人到达聚会都很晚。
[名师点津]
a variety of后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。
9．major adj. 主要的，重要的，大的n． 主修课程，专业课v. 主修
①This is a major international company.
这是一家大跨国公司。
(1)play a major role in sth.　在某事中起重要作用
(2) major in sth. 主修(＝specialize in sth. )
major on sth. 专门研究(课题、文体等)
②Never mind—it's not major.
别担心——这不严重。
③Water plays a role in our life.
水在我们生活中起重要作用。
④He majored French when he was at university.
他在大学主修法语。
10．means n． 方式；方法；途径
①The move is a means to fight crime.
采取这项举措是为了打击犯罪。
by means of　用……方法；借助
by this means用这种方法
by no means 决不
[词语辨析]　means/way/method
means “方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段。(单复数相同)
way “方法、方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。
method “有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。
[短语搭配]
做……的方法：a way to do sth./a way of doing sth./a method of doing sth.；
用这种/些方法：in this way/with the method/by this means；
用……方法，借助……：by means of...
一点也不，决不(用于句首句子需倒装) ：by no means
②The cucumber can be cooked in different .
③We express our thoughts by of words.
④ shall I lend him money!
⑤Only in this can you find out the actual facts.
⑥The of teaching need to be improved.
11．see ...as把……当作；把……看作
①We should see failure as the way to success.
我们应当把失败看作是通往成功的道路。
表示“把……认为/看作”的还有：
think of...as
regard...as
look on...as
view...as
consider...as
treat...as
②After he had been in prison Peter was regarded the black sheep of the family.
彼得坐过牢之后，被看作是家庭中的不肖子孙。
③America (consider) as the land of opportunity.
美国被看成是一个充满机遇的国度。
④His colleagues think of him a possible future director.
他的同事认为他有可能是未来的董事。
12．appreciate vt.&vi. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会；增值
①We appreciate your helping us.
我们感谢你们的帮助。
(1)I would appreciate it if ... 要是……我将不胜感激
appreciate (one's) doing sth. 感激做某事
(2)appreciation n. 感谢， 感激， 欣赏
②That's because you can't music.
那是因为你不会欣赏音乐。
③We appreciate caring for children is an important job.
我们重视照顾孩子是一项重要的工作。
④I would appreciate if you paid in cash.
如果你付现金我将感激不尽。
13．struggle n．&vi.挣扎；斗争；奋斗
①A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.
外语是一种生存的武器。
struggle with/against ... 和……作斗争
struggle for ... 为……而奋斗
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
②The two leaders are struggling power.
那两个领导人正在争夺权力。
③He struggled (overcome) his shortcomings.
他努力克服缺点。
④He was badly injured in the accident, but .
他在事故中受伤严重，但还是挣扎着站了起来。
Ⅱ.经典句型
1．Over the years, it developed into different forms because that was a time when the Chinese people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
随着时间的推移，它发展成不同的形式，因为那是一个中国人在地理上分裂，导致许多方言和文字的品种的时期。
leading to many varieties of dialects and characters是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，其前面可以加thus。
His parents died in an accident，thus .
他的父母在一次事故中去世了，因此留下他和爷爷奶奶生活在一起。
Ben won the first prize in the match， .
本在竞赛中获得一等奖，这使得他的父母很高兴。
[名师点津]
动词不定式也可以作结果状语，但表示出乎意料的结果，其前面常加only。
He woke up and looked out of the window, only (find) the world outside
greatly changed.
他醒了，向窗外看了看，结果发现外面的一切都变了。
2．That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
这种文字体系对中国人民和文化的团结具有重要意义。
be of great importance＝greatly important，是一个非常有用的结构。
I don't want to hear what you are saying. It is of no interest to me.
我不想听你说，我对此不感兴趣。(of no interest＝not )
(1)“(be)＋of＋名词”结构中的名词是抽象名词时，相当于其中名词所对应的形容词的意思，说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。常用的名词有use/importance/help/value/interest/quality/service/benefit/necessity等。
(2)“(be)＋of＋名词”结构中的名词表种类、数量、度量等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，此时名词前通常带有冠词。常用的名词有size/kind/type/price/height/depth/width/length/weight/age/shape/colour等。
②Doing morning exercises will be benefit to your health.
做早操对你的健康有利。
③Coal is of great importance to the development of industry.
煤对工业发展是相当重要的。(of great importance＝very )
The twin sisters are of size and the skirt fits each of them exactly.
双胞胎姐妹的身材一样，这件裙子两个人穿都非常合适。
⑤Machines are different types and sizes.
机器有不同的型号和规格。
3．Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
no matter where/what引导让步状语从句，相当于wherever, whatever。
①No matter how late it is, his mother is always waiting for him.
不管有多晚，她母亲总是等他。
“no matter＋疑问词(who/what/where/when等)”引导让步状语从句，可与“疑问词＋ever”互换。
②No matter when/ he comes again, he'll be welcome.
不管他何时再来，都会受到欢迎。
[名师点津]
“疑问代词＋ever”还能引导名词性从句，但“no matter＋疑问代词”不能。
③We'll try to give them whatever they want，no matter what/whatever their religion is.
我们会努力给他们想要的任何东西，不管他们的宗教信仰是什么。
4．As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to...
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，日益增长的大量国际留学生开始……
句中as表示“随着，当……时”，引导时间状语从句。
①The Chinese people are keener on volunteer services and charity as China is becoming more prosperous.
随着中国愈加繁荣，中国人民愈加热衷于志愿服务和慈善事业。
as的其他用法：
(1)“依照，按照”，引导方式状语从句。
(2)“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句。
(3)“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，相当于though。
②Leave the papers they are.
别动那些文件。
③ ，I left a message.
因为你不在那里，所以我留了个信儿。
④ as/though he might, he couldn't open the box.
虽然他想尽了办法，也没有打开这个箱子。
课堂达标
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．What's his attitude this business Have you felt him out
2．The human being is struggling environmental pollution.
3．The American Indians referred to salt “magic white sand”．
4．The heavy rain lasted for three days, (cause) floods in that area.
5．The meeting is seen the first step towards greater unity between the parties.
6．The tower (date) from the Warring States is well worth visiting.
7． time went by, the boy came to realize his mistakes.
8．Many people think that the rainbow is a symbol good fortune because it connects heaven and earth.
9．No matter happens, we will not change our mind.
10．She majored English at Shandong University.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．不要把任何有用的东西扔掉。
Don't throw anything that may .
2．我们感谢您的到来。
We would .
3．他在那次重要测试中查阅笔记是非常愚蠢的，结果他受到了惩罚。
It was silly of him during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.
4．无论你选择谁，我都会支持你。
choose, I will support you.
5．印度在经历了长期的斗争后于1947年获得独立。
India attained independence in 1947 .
【参考答案】
基础自测
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．native 2．attitude 3．despite 4．carve 5．dialect 6．regard 7．affair 8．specific 9．struggle 10．refer 11．civilization 12．based 13．symbol 14．variety 15．major 16．classic 17．character 18．global 19．appreciate
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．to 2．with 3． for 4．ups 5． to 6．in 7．a 8．of
Ⅲ.核心句型
1．leading to many varieties of dialects and characters
2．no matter where；what
3．As
互动探究
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．②native ③native of/to ④native language ⑤are native to
2．②to/towards
3．②refer to the matter ③for easy reference
4．②wanting ③what
6．②dates ③date back to/date from
7．②of ③for ④signal ⑤symbol ⑥mark ⑦signs
8．②vary from；to ③various
9．③major ④in
10．②ways ③means ④By no means ⑤way ⑥methods
11．②as ③is considered ④as
12．②appreciate ③that ④it
13．②for ③to overcome ④struggled to his feet
Ⅱ.经典句型
1．①leaving him living with his grandparents ②making his parents very happy ③to find
2．①interesting ②of ③important ④same ⑤of
3．②whenever
4．②as ③As you weren't there ④Try
课堂达标
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．toward 2．with/against 3．as 4．causing 5．as 6．dating 7．As 8． of 9．what 10．in
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．be of use
2．appreciate your coming
3．to refer to his notes
4．Whoever/No matter who
5．after a long struggleListening and Talking, Reading for Writing& Building Up Your Vocabulary
基础自测
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1． (n.)学期
2． (n.)地铁
3． (n.)公寓套房
4． (n.)内裤；短裤
5． (n.)间隔；开口；差距
6． (n.&vt. &vi.)要求；需求；查问
7． (n.)词汇
8． (n.& adj.)同等的人；相等物；相同的；同样的→equality (n.)平等→equally (adv.)平等地；同样地
9． (n.) 描写(文字)形容→describe (vt.)描写；形容
10． (vt.)联系；讲述→related (adj.)有关的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．have trouble 对……有困难
2．get used 习惯于
3．compare ... ... 与……比较
4．depend 依靠；依赖
5．relate 与……相关；涉及；谈到
Ⅲ.核心句型
1．listen to＋宾语＋doing
When I native English speakers in a video，...当我听到母语为英语的人在视频中讲话的时候，……
2．make＋宾语＋adj.
But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me, I must my request —and I must make it a question，not a demand.但是如果我和一个不是很亲近的人说话，我必须使我的请求更长一些，让它成为一个问题，而不是要求。
课文预读
Ⅰ.根据课文内容判断正(T)、误(F)
1．Liu Wen has a lot of trouble with his grmmar.( )
2．Jia Xin gets used to the speed at which native speakers talk by practicing listening to Englsih radio programmes.( )
3．Jia Xin has no problems with her English.( )
4．Li Rui’s biggest problem is that she doesn’t know how to make requests.( )
5．When you make a request, the longer it is，the more polite it is.( )
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．What trouble does Liu Wen have when he listens to native English speakers talking in a video
A．He can understand only a few words.
B．He can get the main idea.
C．He can catch all the information.
2．Which of the following about Jia Xin is not true
A．She often listens to English radio programmes.
B．She repeats what she hears to get used to how fast native speakers talk.
C．She records her voice to compare her pronunciation with the radio host’s sometimes.
3．Which one is Li Rui’s biggest problem with learning English
A．She doesn’t know how to speak politely in Englsih.
B．Her vocabulary is not large enough to communicate with others.
C．She can’t understand what native English speakers say.
4．If you are talking to a senior person, which of the following sentence is proper
A．Close the door.
B．Could you close the door, please
C．Would you mind closing the door, please
互动探究
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．equal adj.相等的；平等的；同等的；胜任的 vt.等于；抵得上n．同等的人；相等物
①They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine equaled a college year’s monthly rent.
他们在餐馆预订一瓶葡萄酒的成本相当于大学一年的月租金。
(1)be equal to　　 与……相等；等于……；
胜任……
be equal in... 在……方面相同
A equals B in... A 在……方面比得上B
without equal 无与伦比
(2)equally adv. 平等地
equality n. 平等，公平
unequal adj. 不平等的，不胜任的
n. 不等同的事物
②The task took quick thinking, but John was equal it .
这项任务需要思维敏捷，但约翰胜任得了。
③Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be respected.
任何人，无论他是一名官员还是公交车司机，都应受到平等地尊敬。
④Yao Ming was once a basketball player equal in China.
姚明曾经是中国无人能比的篮球运动员。
2．demand n．&vt.&vi.要求；需求；查问
①Students are demanded not to touch anything in the lab before the teacher arrives.
老师来到前学生被要求不允许碰实验室的任何物品。
(1)in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求
(2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that...(should do) 要求……
First，science graduates are in greater demand than art ones in China.
首先，在中国，对理科毕业生的需要比对文科生的更大。
②The manager promised that they would try to meet their customers’ (demand)．
经理许诺他们会尽力满足顾客的需求。
③The doctor demanded that the patient (operate) on at once.
医生要求马上给这个病人动手术。
3．have trouble with sth.某事有困难
①He has much trouble his English pronunciation.
他在英语发音方面有很大困难。
have some/much/a lot of/great/no trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有些/很多/很大/没有困难
have a lot of/some/much trouble with sth.
在某事上有些/有很多困难
There is some/no trouble (in) doing sth.
做某事有些/没有困难
②I had no trouble in making myself understood.
我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。
③There is no trouble (in) (find) his house.
找到他的家毫不费力。
[名师点津]
这些句型中trouble为不可数名词，trouble可用difficulty, a problem或problems代替。
4．relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到
①I can’t relate what your do to what you say.我无法把你的言行联系在一起。
relate sth. to sb.　　　　向某人讲述某事
be related to 与……有关系
be connected with 与……有关系
be involved in/with sth. 与……有关系；涉及
have something to do with 与……有关系
②Expers believe that the large number of cancer cases in the area are directly related to the new nuclear power station.
专家们认为，该地区癌症病例的大量出现和新建的核电站之间有直接关系。
③Many parents find it hard to relate their children when they are teenagers.
很多父母感到，当孩子到了十几岁的时候，就很难理解他们了。
Ⅱ.经典句型
But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me, I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question，not a demand.
但是如果我和一个不是很亲近的人说话，我必须使我的请求更长一些，让它成为一个问题，而不是要求。
make＋宾语＋adj. 为固定搭配，其中的形容词作宾语补足语。
①Timely return of a loan makes it easier to borrow a second time.
有借有还，再借不难。
(1)该句型的谓语动词还可用feel, think, find, consider
(2)宾语补足语还可用名词、形容词、副词和介词短语
(3)用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语不定式或从句放在后面
②The old man found himself in hospital when he woke up.
那位老人醒来时发现自己在医院里。
③We should all success comes from diligence.
我们都应该明白成功源于勤奋。
④Foreigners find it difficult (learn) Chinese.
外国人觉得汉语很难学。
课堂达标
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He demanded me to open the gate.
2．I think it possible (send) a letter to someone anywhere in the world without putting a stamp on the envelope.
3．Compared other good students, the teacher thinks Hank is a more satisfying student.
4．When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble (think) of the right things to say.
5．The matter (relate) to your fate can not be taken for granted.
6．I don’t think he is equal to (do) this kind of work，so I can’t hire him.
7．I respect those who are senior me.
8．Health depends good food, fresh air and enough sleep.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．用了他们几乎一个月的时间适应新的学校生活。
It took them almost a month to the new school life.
2．这个男孩领着路，我们毫不费事地找到了他的家。
The boy leading the way, .
3．和班上其他学生的作文相比，玛丽的是最好的。
in the class, Mary’s is the best.
4．校长要求玛丽给一个正确的答案。
The headmaster demanded that a right answer.
5．约翰逊自认为比他们所有人资格都要老。
Johnson felt himself to all of them.
【参考答案】
基础自测
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．semester 2．subway 3．apartment 4．pants 5．gap 6．demand 7．vocabulary 8．equal 9．description 10．relate
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．with 2．to 3．with 4．on 5．to
Ⅲ.核心句型
1．listen to；talking 2．make；longer
课文预读
Ⅰ.根据课文内容判断正(T)、误(F)
1．F 2．T 3．F 4．F 5．T
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1～4　ABBC
互动探究
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．②to ③equally ④without
2．②demands ③ (should) be operated
3．①with ③finding
4．③to
Ⅱ.经典句型
③make it clear that ④to learn
课堂达标
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．of 2．to send 3．with/to 4．thinking 5．related 6．doing 7．to 8．on
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．get used to 2．we had no difficulty finding his home 3．Compared with/to the other students’ compositions 4．Mary (should) give 5．be senior to同步写作——介绍一种语言
写作指导
本单元的写作要求是根据提供的信息写一篇介绍型说明文——介绍一种语言。
基本结构
说明文一般由三个部分组成：
第一部分：阐明文章的主题，即文章想要说明的主要内容。该部分可以用一个句子完成，也可以用一个篇幅不长的段落完成。
第二部分：对文章的主题进行展开说明。该部分可由若干的段落组成。常见的说明方法有：
1．罗列法。常用firstly, secondly ...and finally对所要说明的内容加以罗列。
2．比较法。即对两个事物的相同点或不同点进行比较。
3．例证法。即用具体例子进行说明。常用for example等短语引出具体的例子。
4．顺序法。顺序法包括时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序、认识顺序等。
一篇说明文可能只需要使用一种说明方法，有时也需要几种说明方法共用。
第三部分：文章的结尾。说明文的结尾段应该对全文所说明的内容加以总结，并与该文的第一部分内容形成呼应。
话题词汇
1．take notes 做笔记
2．attend a lecture 参加讲座
3．communicate with 交流
4．teach oneself 自学
5．make preparations 作准备
6．make full use of 充分利用
7．refer to a dictionary 查阅词典
8．develop one’s interest 培养某人的兴趣
9．enrich one’s knowledge 丰富某人的知识
10．enlarge one’s view 拓展某人的视野
话题词汇
1．Rome was not built in a day ...
冰冻三尺非一日之寒……
2．Another case in point is that of ..., (who attributed ...to ...，) as (he ) put it this way ...
另一个例子是……，(归结于……，)正如他所说的……
3．In a word ...
总之……
4．In conclusion, it is essential that ...
总之，……是有必要的。
5．According to a latest study, it can be predicted ...
根据最近的研究，可以预测……
6．There is no sufficient evidence to show that ...
没有充足的证据来说明……
7．All available evidence points to the fact that ...
所有现存的证据指向这一事实……
8．An example given leads me to conclude that ...
一个给出的例子使我推断出……
9．It reveals the unquestionable fact that ...
它暴露了一个无可辩驳的事实……
10．All the facts suggest that ...
所有的事实表明……
典例展示
请根据以下要点提示，为英语报社写一篇介绍汉语的英语短文。
汉语简介 汉语标准语又被称作普通话，是世界上最为古老的语言之一，很多国家和地区的人们都讲汉语
汉语的国际地位和发展 汉语是联合国的工作语言之一，世界上越来越多的人在学习汉语，很多著名的大学开设了汉语学科，汉语在国际交流方面起着越来越重要的作用
呼吁大家积极学习汉语
参考词汇：汉语标准语standard Chinese　普通话Putonghua/Mandarin
Step One　审题谋篇
体裁 说明文
人称 主要人称应为第三人称，尾段应为第一人称
时态 一般现在时和一般将来时
Step Two　词汇运用
1．古老的
2．越来越多
3．目前，当今
4．工作语言
5．联合国
6．在……方面起更重要的作用
7．国际交流
8．开设汉语课程
Step three　句式表达
1．完成句子
①汉语是世界上最古老的语言之一。(主系表结构)
Chinese in the world.
②英语在全世界被使用，但是目前越来越多的人讲汉语。
English all around the world, speak Chinese at present.
③在许多国家和地区，你会听到有人在说汉语。
in many countries and areas.
④汉语也是联合国的工作语言之一。
of the United Nations.
⑤中国正变得更强大，因此汉语在国际交流中肯定将会起更重要的作用。
, so Chinese will certainly international communications.
⑥世界上越来越多的人开始学习汉语，许多著名的大学开设了汉语课程。
in the world are beginning to learn Chinese and many famous universities have offered Chinese courses.
⑦我确信对于来自其他国家的人学习汉语是一个好主意。
for people from other countries to learn Chinese.
2．句式升级
⑧用although改写句②
，more and more people speak Chinese at present.
⑨用过去分词作宾语补足语改写句③
You will hear Chinese .
⑩用now that改写句⑤
，Chinese will certainly play a more important part in international communications.
Step Four　连句成篇
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
【参考答案】
Step Two　词汇运用
1．ancient 2．more and more 3．at present 4．working language 5．the United Nations 6．play a more important part in 7．international communications 8．offer Chinese courses
Step three　句式表达
1．完成句子
①is one of the most ancient languages
②is used；but more and more people
③You will hear that Chinese is spoken
④Chinese is also one of the working languages
⑤China is becoming stronger；play a more important part in
⑥More and more people
⑦I’m sure that it is a good idea
2．句式升级
⑧Although English is used all around the world
⑨spoken in many countries and areas
⑩Now that China is becoming stronger
Step Four　连句成篇
One possible version：
The language of Chinese
Standard Chinese is also called Putonghua (or Mandarin), which is one of the most ancient languages in the world. Although English is used all around the world, more and more people speak Chinese at present. You will hear Chinese spoken in many countries and areas.
Chinese is also one of the working languages of the United Nations.
Now that China is becoming stronger, Chinese will certainly play a more important part in international communications. More and more people in the world are beginning to learn Chinese and many famous universities have offered Chinese courses.
I’m sure that it is a good idea for people from other countries to learn Chinese.

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