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1177290010922000人教版八年级英语下册
Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 单元知识复习
【Useful expressions】
1. natural wonders 自然奇观
2.?square kilometer 平方千米
3.?below sea level 低于海平面
4. dive to 潜入…
5. a depth of 深度为…
6. a distance of 距离为…
7.?at the bottom of 在…的底部
8.?at all costs 不惜任何代价
9. by the way 顺便问一下
10. learn about 了解
11. ancient civilization 古代文明
12. mother river 母亲河
13. by all means 一定;千方百计
14. pour down 倾泻而下
15. a total area of 总占地面积为
16. feel like 感觉像
17. be able to 能;会
18. reach the top 到达山顶
19.for the first time 第一次
20.deal with 处理，应对
21.changeable weather 多变的天气
22. death road 死亡之路
23. be determined to 决定做...
24. bit by bit 一点一点地;逐渐地
25. do research 做调查
26. return to 返回
27. risk one's life to 冒生命危险做...
28. take up 占据
29. schools of colourful fish 色彩斑斓的鱼群
30. connect with 与…连接
31. take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
32. survive in 在…中存活
33. in good condition 状态良好
34. in the world 世界上
35.on earth 地球上
【Target sentences】
1.一What is the highest mountain in the world?
? ?一It’s Mount Qomolangma!
2.?一How high is it?
? ?一I know this—it’s 8,848.43 metres high.
3. 一How big is it?
? ? 一It is about 9,000,000 square kilometres in size.
4.?一What’s the lowest place on earth?
? ? 一It’s the Dead Sea!
5.?一Where is the deepest point in the ocean?
? ? 一It’s in the Mariana Trench.
6.I remember that in 2020, China’s Fendouzhe dived deeper into the Mariana Trench than many other vessels in the world and filmed it.
7. Some blind animals can "see" as well as others.
8.What are the two greatest natural wonders in the world?
9. The Yellow River is 5,464 kilometres long and is the second longest.
10. The Yangtze River travels the farthest in Chinaand is about 6,300 kilometres long.
11.Some parts of the river carry brown and yellow earth.
12.Both the Nile?and the Yellow?River?helped?ancient civilizations to develop.
13. We should protect them by all means.
14. Visiting world's largest one of the waterfalls was a magical experience.
15.As we went close to the falls, the noise of the water slowly grew louder and louder.
16. There, we felt the water rush past us and become a part of the waterfall.
17.To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world.?
18.On the highest place on earth, you will feel like you are able to touch the sky.?
19.Mountain climbers even called that way the “Death Road”, but a Chinese climbing team was determined to make the climb.
20. People said it was so high that even birds could not reach it.?
21.?Liu allowed his teammates to step on his shoulders.?
22.At 4:20 a.m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag flew above the world’s highest mountain for the first time.
23.Some climbers reach the top successfully, but many fail.?
24.Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world? It is because human curiosity and ambition cannot be stopped.?
25.?Located in Siberia, Russia, Lake Baikal is one of the world's most famous lakes.?
26.Today, the lake still attracts many curious travellers.
27.?Located on the north eastern coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is one of the most amazing places to visit.?
28. It is the biggest coral reef in the world.?
29.It takes up an area of 345,000 square kilometres and includes many islands and white sand beaches.
30.Nature makes us wonder. That is why it is wonderful.
31.We should take measures to protect these natural wonders.
【Language points】
1.一What is the highest mountain in the world?
? ?一It’s Mount Qomolangma!
① highest：high 的最高级，the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + 范围 表 “最…… 的……”
词形变换
high → higher（比较级）→ highest（最高级）→ highly（adv. 高度地）
形容词最高级用于三者及以上比较
例：
She is the tallest student in our class.
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
② in the world：在世界上（固定短语）
2.?一How high is it?
? ?一I know this—it’s 8,848.43 metres high.
英文长、宽、高、深、面积完整表达
①数词 + 单位 + 形容词：表度量（如…metres high/long/wide）
The river is 6,300 kilometres?long.
②数词+单位词+in 维度名词：（如：in length/width/height）
It is about 9,000,000 square kilometres in size.
③The + 名词维度 + of + 事物 + be 动词 + 数字 + 单位
维度名词变形：
long →?length长度
high →?height?高度
wide →?width宽度
deep →?depth?深度
例：The?length?of the Yangtze River is about 6,300 kilometres.
3. ?一What’s the lowest place on earth?
一It’s the Dead Sea!
① lowest：low 的最高级
② on earth：在地球上；究竟（固定短语）
③ the Dead Sea：死海（专有名词）
词形变换
death n. 死亡；毁灭；破灭?
→ die v. 死亡；消逝?
→ dead adj. 死的；无生命的?
4.I remember that in 2020, China’s Fendouzhe dived deeper into the Mariana Trench than many other vessels in the world and filmed it.
① remember that…：记得……（后接宾语从句）
remember → forget（反义词）；
remember to do（记得去做）/remember doing（记得做过）
例句：
Remember to turn off the light when you leave the room.
She remembers visiting the museum last year.
② dive into：潜入…… diver（n. 潜水员）→ diving（n. 潜水）
③ deeper…than…：deep 的比较级，表 “比…… 更深”
④ film it：拍摄它（film 作动词表 “拍摄”）
5.What are the two greatest natural wonders in the world?
① greatest：great 的最高级
great → greater → greatest → greatly（adv. 大大地）
② natural wonders：自然奇观
nature → natural（adj. 自然的）→ naturally（adv. 自然地）
③wonder≈ want to know（更口语）（v. 想知道）n.奇观
wonder → wonderful（adj. 精彩的）
I wonder what the natural wonder is.
the Seven Wonders of the World世界七大奇观
6.The Yellow River is 5,464 kilometres long and is the second longest.
① the Yellow River：黄河（专有名词）
② the second longest：序数词 + 最高级，表 “第二长的”
the + 序数词 + 最高级：表 “第几最……”，例：the third tallest building
例句:
The Amazon is the second longest river in the world.
7.Both the Nile?and the Yellow?River?helped?ancient civilizations to develop.
① both…and…：…… 和…… 都（连接并列主语，谓语用复数）
Both English and French are spoken in Canada.
② ancient civilization 古代文明
civilization n. 文明?
→ civilize v. 使文明；使开化?
→ civilized adj. 文明的；开化的
③ help sb. to do sth.：帮助某人做某事
④ develop v. 发展；开发??
→ development n. 发展；壮大
→ developed adj. 发达的；成熟的?
→ developing adj. 发展中的
We should protect them by all means.
① protect：v. 保护
protect → protection（n. 保护）→ protective（adj. 保护的）
protect sb/sth from/against sth保护某人/物免受......(伤害/危险)
provide protection (for sb/sth)提供保护
We should protect wild animals by all means.
② by all means：尽一切办法；务必（固定短语）
9.Visiting world's largest one of the waterfalls was a magical experience.
① 动名词作主语：Visiting… 作主语，谓语用单数
例句
Climbing the mountain was a great experience.
② the world's largest：名词所有格 + 最高级
③ a magical experience：一次奇妙的经历
magic → magical（adj. 神奇的）→ magically（adv. 魔法般地）
experience → experiences（复数，表 “经历”）→ experience（不可数，表 “经验”）→ experienced（adj. 有经验的）
I have a lot of teaching experience.（不可数：经验）
It was a wonderful experience.（可数：经历）
10.As we went close to the falls, the noise of the water slowly grew louder and louder.
① as：conj. 当…… 时候（引导时间状语从句）
As the sun set, the sky grew darker and darker.
② go close to：走近；靠近（≈ get close to）
③ grow + 比较级 + and + 比较级：变得越来越……
词形变换
grow…louder and louder：表渐变，
例：
The crowd grew quieter and quieter.
loud → louder → loudest → loudly（adv. 吵闹地）
→ aloud（adv. 出声地）
noise → noisy（adj. 吵闹的）→ noisily（adv. 吵闹地）
11.There, we felt the water rush past us and become a part of the waterfall.
① feel sb./sth. do sth.：感官动词后接不带 to 的不定式，表 “感觉…… 做某事”
词形变换
feel → felt（过去式）→ feeling（n. 感觉）
I felt the rain hit my face.
② rush past：冲过；经过
rush（n. 匆忙）→in a rush(匆忙)→ rush out（冲出去）
拓展辨析
past（prep. 经过）vs pass（v.，表 “通过”）：
walk past the shop/?He passed the exam.
③ a part of：…… 的一部分
12.To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world.?
① feel like：感觉好像（后接从句）；想要（后接 doing）
I feel like going for a walk.
② be able to：能够（可用于多种时态）
I will be able to finish it tomorrow.
③ touch the sky：触摸天空
词形变换
able → ability（n. 能力）→ enable（v. 使能够）
touch → touch（n. 触摸）→ touching（adj. 令人感动的）→touched（感动的）
13.On the highest place on earth, you will feel like you are able to touch the sky.?
① feel like：感觉好像（后接从句）；想要（后接 doing）
I feel like going for a walk.
② be able to：能够（可用于多种时态）
I will be able to finish it tomorrow.
③ touch the sky：触摸天空
词形变换
able → ability（n. 能力）→ enable（v. 使能够）
touch → touch（n. 触摸）→ touching（adj. 令人感动的）→touched（感动的）
14.Mountain climbers even called that way the “Death Road”, but a Chinese climbing team was determined to make the climb.
① mountain climber：登山者
climb → climber（n. 攀登者）→ climbing（n. 攀登）
② call sth. sth.：把…… 称作……
③ be determined to do sth.：下定决心做某事
determine → determined（adj. 坚定的）→ determination（n. 决心）
be determined to do（表状态）vs decide to do（表动作）
例句：She is determined to learn English well.
15.People said it was so high that even birds could not reach it.?
① so…that…：如此…… 以至于……（引导结果状语从句）
例句：The box was so heavy that I couldn’t lift it.
② reach：v. 到达；够到
【拓展延伸】
reach（及物动词，直接加地点）
arrive（不及物，arrive in/at）
get to（口语）：
reach Beijing/?arrive in Beijing?/?get to Beijing
16.?Liu allowed his teammates to step on his shoulders.?
① allow sb. to do sth.：允许某人做某事
allow doing sth.允许做某事
My parents don't allow me to stay up too late.
We don't allow eating in class.
② step on：踩在…… 上
step → step（n. 步骤；台阶）
→step by step （逐步）→ step into（走进）
shoulder → shoulder to shoulder（肩并肩）
At 4:20 a.m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag flew above the world’s highest mountain for the first time.
① 时间表达：At + 具体时间；on + 具体日期
② fly above：在…… 上方飘扬
fly → flew（过去式）→ flown（过去分词）→ flight（n. 飞行；航班）
above（在上方，不接触）vs over（正上方，覆盖）vs on（表面接触）：
The plane flew above the clouds.
③ for the first time：第一次（固定短语）
I met her for the first time at a party.
Some climbers reach the top successfully, but many fail.?
① reach the top：到达顶端
② successfully：adv. 成功地
success → successful（adj.）→ successfully（adv.）→ succeed（v. succeed in doing）
例句：She passed the exam successfully.
③ fail：v. 失败
fail → failed（过去式）→ failure（n. 失败）→ fail to do（未能做某事）
Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world? It is because human curiosity and ambition cannot be stopped.?
① risk one’s life to do sth.：冒着生命危险做某事
risk → risky（adj. 有风险的）→ risk（n. 风险）
risk doing（冒险做某事）
例句：He risked his life to save the drowning（溺水的） child.
② It is because…：那是因为……（引导表语从句）
③ curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲?
→ curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的
→ curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪地
④ambition → ambitious（adj. 有抱负的）
⑤cannot be stopped（被动语态）
?Located in Siberia, Russia, Lake Baikal is one of the world's most famous lakes.?
① 过去分词作状语：Located in…（表 “坐落于”，逻辑主语是 Lake Baikal）
例句：Located in the south, Guangzhou is a warm city.
② famous → more famous → most famous → be famous for（因… 著名）/be famous as（作为… 著名）
Today, the lake still attracts many curious travellers.
① attract：v. 吸引
attract → attraction（n. 吸引力；景点）→ attractive（adj. 有吸引力的）
例句：The new film attracts many young people.
② curious：adj. 好奇的
curious → curiosity（n. 好奇心）→ be curious about（对… 好奇）
③ traveller：n. 旅行者
travel → traveller（n.）→ travel（n. 旅行）
22.It takes up an area of 345,000 square kilometres and includes many islands and white sand beaches.
①占地面积表达
take up an area of + 数字 + square + 单位
It?takes up an area of?345,000 square kilometres.
数字 + square + 单位 + in area
The reef is 345,000 square kilometres?in area.
②take up：占据（空间 / 时间）
take → took（过去式）→ taken（过去分词）
→ take up（还有 “开始从事” 的意思）
例句
The sofa takes up too much space.
Tom decided to take up a new hobby.
23.Nature makes us wonder. That is why it is wonderful.
① make sb. do sth.：使某人做某事（make 后接不带 to 的不定式）
make sb. do（主动）vs be made to do（被动，要加 to）：
He was made to work all day.
例句：The story makes us laugh. That is why it is popular.
② That is why…：那就是…… 的原因（引导表语从句）
We should take measures to protect these natural wonders.
take measures to do sth.：采取措施做某事
measure → measures（复数）→ measure（v. 测量）
例句：We should take measures to protect the environment.
【Grammar Focus】形容词/副词比较级与最高级 & 大数字表达
一、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级（单元重点）?
1. 基本用法
- 比较级：两者对比，A + be/实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B，
例：The Pacific Ocean is deeper than the Atlantic Ocean。
- 最高级：三者及以上对比，A + be/实义动词 + the + 最高级 + in/of 短语，例：Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world。
- 同级比较：A + be + as + 原级 + as + B（和…一样）；A + be + not as/so + 原级 + as + B（不如…）。
2. 构成规则（教材重点）
- 单音节/少数双音节词：直接 + er/est；
例：deep→deeper→deepest；
以e结尾 + r/st；
large→larger→largest；
重读闭音节双写尾字母 + er/est；
big→bigger→biggest；
辅音+y结尾变y为i + er/est。heavy→heavier→heaviest。
- 多音节/部分双音节词：more + 原级；most + 原级。
例：dangerous→more dangerous→most dangerous；
famous→more famous→most famous。
- 不规则变化（教材必记）：
good/well→better→best；
many/much→more→most；
bad/badly→worse→worst；
little→less→least；
far→farther/further→farthest/furthest。
3. 教材原句示例
- 比较级：The Dead Sea is saltier than any other sea in the world.
- 最高级：The Amazon River is one of the longest rivers in the world.
4. 最高级的用法
①he + ）最高级 + in/of 短语：该结构意为“……中最……的”。
I think spring is the best time of a year.
Tom works (the) hardest in Class 3.
② of the + 最高级 + 可数名词复数 + in/of 短语
该结构意为“……中最……的……之一”。
Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
③ the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 可数名词单数 + in/of 短语
该结构意为“……在……中是第几……的……”（从第二开始）。
China is the third largest country in the world.
④ which/Who … + 最高级, A, B or C?
该结构意为“A，B，C中，哪个/谁最……？”。
Which is the biggest, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou?
?
二、大数字的表达和读法: 大于1000的基数词的表达法：
①从数字的右端向左数，每三位数加一个逗点；
②第一个逗点前的数为thousand（千），
第二个逗点前的数为million（百万），
第三个逗点前的数为billion（十亿）。
③读的时候通常在hundred后加and，如果百位数为0，则在thousand后加and。

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