资源简介

Unit 5
A delicate world
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
　　In the fragile ecology of our planet,habitats are crucial for species to multiply and thrive.However,when these habitats face chaos due to human activities,conservation efforts become necessary and urgent.By interventions to decrease pollution and secure nature reserves,we can reduce the negative impacts.The departure from harmful practices and the embrace of conservation strategies will ensure that our natural world continues to flourish,multiplying its beauty and diversity for future generations.
在我们星球脆弱的生态中,栖息地对物种的繁殖和繁衍至关重要。而当这些栖息地因人类活动而面临混乱时,保护工作变得必要和紧迫。通过干预来减少污染和保护自然保护区,我们可以减少负面影响。摒弃有害做法和采取保护策略将确保我们的自然界继续繁荣,为子孙后代增添美好和多样性。
Part 1
Starting out,Understanding ideas,
Using language
基础识记
1. 　　　　　　n.栖息地
2. v.(使)变小,(使)减少
3. n.事件
4. n.干预,介入
5. v.应该做;对……负有……的义务;欠(情);
欠(账、债);归功于;归因于
写作词汇
habitat
decrease
incident
intervention
owe
1.halfway adj.
2.penguin n.
3.rat n.
4.appetite n.
5.vegetation n.
6.parakeet n.
阅读词汇
中间的,半途的
企鹅
大老鼠
胃口,食欲
植物,草木(总称)
长尾(小)鹦鹉
7.chaos n.
8.virus n.
9.trap n.
10.collapse v.
11.substantial adj.
12.postscript n.
13.pest n.
14.dissolve v.
大混乱;紊乱
病毒
夹子,陷阱
倒坍;塌下
大量的,多的
附言
有害小动物;害虫
(使)溶解
拓展词汇
1. adv.显著地→dramatic adj.戏剧的;引人注目的→drama n.戏剧
2. n.栖居的动物→inhabit v.居住在;栖居于
3. adv.后来,随后→subsequent adj.后来的,随后的→
subsequence n.后果;随后发生的事情
4. v.繁殖;(使)大大增加,(使)倍增→multiple adj.多种多样的
5. n.侵蚀→erode v.侵蚀→erosive adj.侵蚀性的
dramatically
inhabitant
subsequently
multiply
erosion
6. n.保护→conservative adj.保守的;守旧的→conserve v.保护;节约
7. n.离开→depart v.离开;出发
8. n.免疫力→immune adj.有免疫力的
9. v.突然增加→explosion n.突增;爆炸→explosive adj.易爆炸的
10. n.生态→ecological adj.生态学的→ecologist n.生态学家
11. n.养分,营养物→nutritious adj.有营养的;营养丰富的→
nutrition n.营养
conservation
departure
immunity
explode
ecology
nutrient
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.exist in perfect harmony with　　 　
2.take over
3.in turn
4.lead to
5.die out
6.nature reserve
和……完美地和谐共存
接管,掌控
依次;轮流;反之;反过来;相应地
导致;通往
灭亡,灭绝
自然保护区
7.out of control
8.come up with
9.with...in mind
10.in consequence
11.as the saying goes
12.turn out
13.once and for all
不受控制
提出
把……记在心里
因此,结果
俗话说
结果是;证明是;原来是;(尤指天气突然)变得(晴朗)
一劳永逸地
重点句型
1.The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically,
.(现在分词作结果状语)
绿草和光秃的岩石形成的景观反差巨大,使海岛呈现出一种狂野和天然的美。
giving it a wild and natural beauty
2. would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants,including royal penguins,king penguins,and elephant seals,existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.(否定副词nor置于句首引起的部分倒装)
他们也不难想象出,数千年来,包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。
Nor
3. turned out 　?
.(it作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句)
它们最终对病毒产生了免疫,数量又一次激增。
4.This incident made clear 　?
.(it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是that引导的从句)
这一事件清楚地表明,大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛滥的问题需要一劳永逸地解决。
It
that they developed an immunity to the virus,and their
numbers exploded once again
it
that the rat,mouse and rabbit problem needed
solving once and for all
5.The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species,and that’s
.(where引导表语从句)
下一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种,这就是我的工作了——和我的狗一起。
where I come in—with my dogs
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与自然——生态平衡
2.语篇类型:记叙文
3.课文内容分析:
本文讲述了人类来到了麦夸里岛并带来了物种入侵,导致该岛的生态系统遭到了破坏。作者来到该岛参与解决这一问题。学习本文有利于增强学生的环保意识。
Macquarie Island:from Chaos to Conservation
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
introduction
brought
introduced
departure
remove/find
recovery
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 1?
A.Macquarie Island is beautiful.
B.Macquarie Island has a world-class name.
C.There are lots of penguins on Macquarie Island.
D.It is not easy for people to get to Macquarie Island.
A
(　　)2.What is the phrase “once and for all” in Paragraph 5 most likely to mean?
A.Partially.
B.Easily.
C.Completely.
D.Skilfully.
C
(　　)3.What does the author think of the former methods of controlling invading species?
A.Useful.
B.Negative.
C.Successful.
D.Creative.
B
(　　)4.What can we infer from Paragraph 5?
A.The virus was effective and could solve all the problems.
B.The departure of cats proved right.
C.The rats and mice caused more harm than the rabbits.
D.It was no easy task to remove invading species.
D
(　　)5.What does the author want to tell us?
A.Look out! There are many dangerous animals in our cities.
B.The urban animals are intelligent.
C.The wild animals want to survive! Let’s get on well with our wild neighbours.
D.People encounter many problems brought by the animals.
C
二次开发·深研课文
▲
Macquarie Island takes on a long,thin shape,which is because of strong winds and 1.　　 　　 (storm) seas.It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site,
2.　　　　 native inhabitants existed in perfect harmony 3.　　　 　 their natural habitat for thousands of years.In 1810,humans arrived on the island with rats and mice unknowingly.These animals quickly took over the island,
4.　　　 　 (bring) disasters to birds.
stormy
whose
with
bringing
Unfortunately,the cats 5.　　　 　 (intend) to control the rats and mice developed 6.　　 　 appetite for the birds,too.Later,rabbits
7.　　　　 　　　　 (introduce) but they led to greater damage to the island.Experts came up with a plan to release a virus to kill the rabbits,
8.　　 　 　 afterwards,the rabbits developed an immunity to the virus,
and their 9.　　 　　 (number) exploded once again.
intended
an
were introduced
but
numbers
This incident made it clear that the rat,mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all.I am here to tackle this problem.I brought trained dogs 10.　　　　　　 　　 (remove) the last remaining invading species.
We humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.?
to remove
重点词汇
1.decrease v.(使)变小,(使)减少n.减少;降低;减少量
[教材原句] But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130,000 to around 10,000,it also meant less food for the cats.
然而,虽然病毒使得兔子的数量从130 000只降到约10 000只,但这也意味着猫的食物变少了。
[例]People should decrease the amount of fat they eat.
人们应该减少脂肪的摄入量。
[例]With no rain for two months,the water level in the lake has decreased to 10 metres.
两个月不下雨,这个湖泊的水位已经下降到了10米。
[例]From the activity,I have learnt that at present the environment is being destroyed because of people’s activities,which causes a decrease of wildlife.
从这次活动中我了解到,目前人类活动正在使得环境遭到破坏,导致野生动物数量减少。
归纳拓展
·decrease to减少到……
decrease by减少了……
decrease in sth在某方面降低/减少
decrease from...to...从……减少到……
·on the decrease在减少
温馨提示
类似用法的词语有increase,如increase by (增加了……)、increase to
(增加到……)、on the increase (在增加)。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
?The number of new students has decreased from 2,000 　　　 　 1,600 in recent two years.?
?The number of people aged 50 and under will decrease 　　 　 more than 30% during the time.?
?Over the past decades,sea ice 　　 　　(decrease) in the Arctic as a result of global warming.?
to
by
has decreased/has been decreasing
?(应用文写作之环境保护)由于人类活动,一些稀有动物的数量在减少。
→Because of human activities,the number of some rare animals 　　 　?
　　 　　.(decrease n.)?
→Because of human activities,the number of some rare animals 　　 　?
　　　 　　　.(decrease v.)?
is on the
decrease
is
decreasing
2.trap n.夹子,陷阱;圈套;困境v.使陷入困境;使陷入圈套
[教材原句] In the 1980s,traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.
20世纪80年代,人们利用捕猎夹和狗来抓猫。
[例](2024· 浙江1月卷)If I ever get trapped outside my house again,my local telephone box will,sadly,no longer be able to connect me with my keys.
如果我再次被困在屋外,那么遗憾的是,我当地的电话亭将无法再让我拿到钥匙。
[例]We became trapped by the rising floodwater.
我们被上涨的洪水困住了。
[例]It made us worried that some miners were trapped underground after the mine collapse.
让我们担心的是,一些矿工在矿井坍塌后被困在了地下。
归纳拓展
lay/set a trap for为……设下陷阱
fall into/avoid the trap of doing sth掉进/避免掉进做某事的陷阱
·get/become/be trapped in/by被困在……中;陷入……
trap sb into (doing) sth诱使某人(做)某事;使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一词多义/翻译句子
?Some days later,the lion fell 　　　　 a trap and it tried to get out of it,but in vain.?
?We set traps in the cafeteria 　　　　 the mice in order to catch them.?
into
for
?Some people were trapped by the flood.　　　?
?Were you just going to trap her into making the decision?　　　?
?The only thing the wolf could do was to climb up to the ground from the trap.　　　?
?He fell into her trap and revealed the secret.　　　?
A.n.陷阱 B.v.使困住 C.n.圈套 D.v.诱骗
B
D
A
C
?(读后续写之情景描写)旅行时,他们被困在了山里,等待救援。
When travelling,they were trapped in the mountain,waiting to be rescued.
3.turn out结果是;证明是;原来是;(尤指天气突然)变得(晴朗)
[教材原句] It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus,and their numbers exploded once again.
它们最终对病毒产生了免疫,数量又一次激增。
[例]As it turned out,Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion.
事实证明,道格拉斯完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。
[例]He originally thought he would fail the exam,but it turned out to be a great success.
他原本以为自己考试会不及格,但结果考得非常好。
归纳拓展
turn out to be/that结果是;证明是
turn to sb (for help)向某人求助
turn up出现;调大
turn down拒绝;调小
turn around翻身;转身
[语境运用] 完成句子
?当我们要作出重要决定时,我们经常向朋友们寻求建议和支持。
When we make important decisions,we often 　　　　　　　　 for advice and support.?
?我们是否需要更多的食物取决于有多少人来。
Whether we need more food depends on how many people 　　　　　　.?
turn to friends
turn up
?我们应该学会如何礼貌地拒绝别人的邀请。
We should learn how to 　　　　　　 others’ invitations politely.?
?他迅速转过身来,疑惑自己是否听到了从另一个房间传来的噪声。
He 　　　　　　 　　 quickly,wondering if he had heard a noise coming from the other room.?
turn down
turned around
4.owe v.应该做;对……负有……的义务;欠(情);欠(账、债);归功于;归因于
[教材原句] This intervention is a long,much-delayed ending to a sad story,
but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
这次干预行动是这场悲剧漫长而屡被贻误的大结局,但这是我们人类应该做的,我们亏欠这座岛屿一个美好的结局。
[例]Tom owed it to the kind family that he could earn some money to help his poor family.
汤姆将自己能挣些钱来帮助他的贫困家庭归功于这好心的一家人。
[例]The young couple worked hard and finally paid off the money they owed the bank.
这对年轻夫妇努力工作,终于还清了欠银行的钱。
[例]Owing to the bad weather,the plane had to change its course.
由于天气恶劣,飞机不得不更改航线。
归纳拓展
·owe it to sb to do sth 把做某事归功于某人
owe it to sb that...把……归因于/归功于某人
owe it to oneself to do sth认为自己应该做某事
owe sth to sb (for sth)=owe sb sth (for sth) (因某事)欠某人某物
owe sth to sb/sth把某事归因于/归功于某人/某事
·owing to (=because of=thanks to=as a result of) 因为;由于
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译/翻译句子
?I must say I owe all the achievements 　 　 the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends.?
?　　　　(owe) to the limitation of our knowledge,there must be mistakes and errors in the book.?
to
Owing
?(应用文写作之感谢信)我在英语学习上取得的巨大进步要归功于你。
→?　　　　　 　　(owe sth to sb)?
→?　　　　　 　　 　　 ?
(owe it to sb that...)?
→? ?
(owe it to sb to do sth)
I owe my great progress in English learning to you.
I owe it to you that I have made great progress in English learning.
I owe it to you to make great progress in English learning.
?(应用文写作之道歉信)这个星期日我不能和你去郊游,我得向你道歉。
I owe an apology to you for failing to go outing with you this Sunday.
?(应用文写作之道歉信)由于下个星期末我不能去北京,我写这封信是为我的失约表示衷心的歉意。
Owing to the fact that I can’t make it to Beijing next weekend,I’m writing to make a heartfelt apology for my breaking the appointment.
5.absorb v.吸收;理解;使全神贯注
·absorbed adj.专心致志的
·absorbing adj.十分有趣的;引人入胜的
[教材原句] Producers absorb water and dissolved nutrients from the soil.
生产者从土壤中吸收水和溶解的营养物。
[例]In fact,most people only absorb about 20% of a speaker’s message.
事实上,大多数人仅能吸收说话者信息的约20%。
[例](2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革).
这本引人入胜的新书由卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写,是一本实用的路线图,旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战。
归纳拓展
absorb...into...把……并入……
absorb...from...从……中吸收……
be/get absorbed in=absorb oneself in全神贯注于
be absorbed by/into被……吞并/吸收
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/句型转换
?Plants absorb carbon dioxide 　　　　 the air.?
?The drug is quickly absorbed 　　　　 the blood and comes into effect.?
?When she starts reading a good book,she tends to get 　　 　　(absorb)
in it and forget about everything else around her.?
from
by/into
absorbed
?He was so absorbed in reading that he didn’t notice the night had fallen.
→? ?
(so置于句首引起的部分倒装)
→? ?
(过去分词作状语)
→? ?
(现在分词作状语)
So absorbed in reading was he that he didn’t notice the night had fallen.
Absorbed in reading,he didn’t notice the night had fallen.
Absorbing himself in reading,he didn’t notice the night had fallen.
重点句式
否定副词nor置于句首引起的部分倒装
▲
[教材原句] Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants,including royal penguins,king penguins,and elephant seals,existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.
他们也不难想象出,数千年来,包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。
[例]Nor did I realise the importance of English until I came to do my research.
直到我来做研究时,我才意识到英语的重要性。
归纳拓展
否定副词置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装语序,即把谓语动词的一部分(助动词、情态动词或be动词)提到主语之前。这类否定词或含有否定意义的短语主要有no、not、never、little、hardly、seldom、scarcely、barely、not until、“neither...nor...”、“not only...but also...”、“no sooner...than...”、“hardly...when...”、in no sense、
in no way、in no case、by no means、on no account、at no time、under no circumstances等
[语境运用] 完成句子/一句多译
?她没有打字经验,对这项技能也不感兴趣。
She has no experience in typing,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
?我从未见过让他如此沮丧的情况。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 which made him so disheartened.?
?直到最近,他们才鼓励在农村地区发展旅游活动。
　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　 the development of tourist activities in the rural districts.?
nor does the skill interest her
Never have I seen a situation
Not until recently did they encourage
?(读后续写之情景描写)她精彩绝伦的表演一结束,观众们就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。
→? ?
?(hardly...when...)
→? ?
? (no sooner...than...)
Hardly had she finished the excellent performance when the audience burst out thunderous applause.
No sooner had she finished the excellent performance than the audience burst out thunderous applause.
语法原句再现
?No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
?Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island.
?This incident made it clear that the rat,mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all.
通过观察上面3个句子可知,句中的it充当了形式宾语。还有哪些情况下it也作形式宾语呢?
语法知识点拨
1.当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时,往往用it作形式宾语,把真正的宾语放在它的补足语后面。常用于此结构的动词有feel、consider、find、believe、make、take、imagine、prove、think、suppose、regard、notice等。
I find it not easy to improve oral English.
我觉得提高英语口语不容易。
He made it clear that he would stick to the end.
他明确表示他会坚持到底。
2.当主句的谓语是表示喜恶的动词,如like、dislike、hate、enjoy、appreciate、prefer等,且后面有when/if引导的从句时,一般把it放在主句的谓语动词后面,再接从句。
I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work.
要是我不必做那么多工作,那就太好了。
3.在rely on、insist on、stick to、see to、depend on等由动词和介词构成的动词短语后接that宾语从句时,先加it作形式宾语,再接that从句。
Please be so kind as to see to it that all the alterations are made at once!
请确保所有变更必须马上完成!
真题体验
1.(2024·浙江1月卷)Having a poor sense of direction,Eva found 　　 impossible to get around in such a huge building.?
【解析】 分析句子结构可知,谓语动词found后缺少宾语,真正的宾语是“to get around in such a huge building”,形容词impossible作宾语补足语。故设空处应用it作形式宾语。故填it。
it
2.(2024·北京卷)For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting.
I found 　　　　 difficult,but still hoped to pass.?
【解析】 分析句子结构可知,谓语动词found后缺少宾语,真正的宾语是
“to pass the art O-level exam”,形容词difficult作宾语补足语。故设空处
应用it作形式宾语。故填it。
it
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.Foreigners found it interesting 　 　　　 (watch) crosstalk in a traditional theatre.?
2.We thought it no use 　　　 　(decrease) the amount of nutrients when we want to lose weight.?
3.How would you like 　　　　 if you were watching your favourite TV programme and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you??
to watch
decreasing
it
4.No matter where he is,he makes 　　　　 a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.?
5.He will appreciate it 　　　　 they assist him to tackle the problem.?
6.I consider 　　　　 a great honour to be invited to come here and give a speech.?
7.When you leave,you must see to 　　　　 that the window is closed.?
it
if
it
it
8.He made it 　　　　 (know) to everyone that he was right.?
9.I hate it 　　　 　 the weather becomes freezing cold because there is no heater inside.?
10.People in ancient times took 　　 　　 for granted that the sun moved round the earth.?
known
when
it
Ⅱ.语篇填空
I think 1.　　　　 my honour to be invited to speak here.I don’t feel it difficult 2.　　　 　　　　　 (understand) Special English,but some of my classmates find 3.　　 　　 difficult to finish the work in such a short time.
For example,Tom finds it difficult 4.　　　　 (write) letters in English,but I think it no good 5.　 　　　 (complain).We may turn to our teacher for help.
it
to understand
it
to write
complaining
She always thinks 6.　 　　 her duty to help us.She also says when we study a foreign language,we should not depend on it 7.　　 　 others will help us.
She thinks it worthwhile 8.　　 　　 (spend) more time communicating with native speakers.And the more you learn English,the more confident you will be.Finally,you will make rapid progress in English.
We would appreciate it 9.　 　 she could do us that favour.I find it pleasant 10.　　 　　 (work) with her.?
it
that
spending/to spend
if
to work

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