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(共45张PPT)
Unit 4 A good read
八年级
译林版2024
下
单词解析二
1.clear(形容词)了解清楚的，清澈的，晴朗的
[用法讲解] clear为动词，译为"清理，清除，澄清".
Eg:The instructions are very clear.
说明非常清晰。
The weather is clear today.
今天天气晴朗。
Please clear the snow from the path.
请把小路上的雪清理掉。
She cleared up the misunderstanding.
她澄清了误解。
[常见搭配]clear out清理，丢掉
clear up天气放晴
in the clear摆脱困境
keep clear of...主动避开危险或麻烦
[常见搭配]clear out清理，丢掉
clear up天气放晴
in the clear摆脱困境
keep clear of...主动避开危险或麻烦
make clear讲清楚，使明白
Eg: I need to clear out my closet.
我需要清理我的衣柜。
The sky cleared up in the afternoon.
下午填空放晴了。
He is in the clear now.
他现在摆脱困境了。
Drivers should keep clear of the accident area.
司机应避开事故区域。
You need to make clear your intentions before you start the project.
在开始这个项目之前，你需要讲清楚你的意图。
[派生词] clearly为副词，译为"清楚地".
Eg: Speak more clearly.
说得更清楚些。
[即学即用]
1.我们正在把阁楼里的旧家具清理出去。
We are ______________ the old furniture from the attic.
2.We need c_______evidence to proceed.
clearing out
lear
2.advise(动词)提出建议
[常见搭配]advise sb. doing sth.建议做某事
advise sb.to do sth..建议某人做某事
advise that 从句建议...(注意：从句中谓语动词需用(should)+动词原形)
Eg: He advised going by train instead of by plane.
他建议乘火车而不是乘飞机去。
My parents advised me to study hard for the exam.
我父母建议我努力学习备考。
Thedoctor advised that he should quit smoking.
医生建议他戒烟。
[派生词]advice为不可数名词，译为"建议";
advisable为形容词，译为"明智的，可取的".
Eg: Take my advice and you'll be fine.
听从我的建议，你会没事的。
It is advisable to book tickets in advance.
提前订票是明智的。
[常见搭配]a piece of advice一条建议
some advice一些建议
Eg: I need some advice about how to learn English.
我需要一些关于如何学英语的建议。
[即学即用]
( )1. My parents gave me a lot of good_____when I was growing up.
A.advice B. advise C.suggestionsD.suggest
2. My friend advised me_______(visit) Paris instead of Rome this time.
A
to visit
3.hand in提交，呈交，上交
Eg: I forgot to hand in the permission slip.
我忘了交同意书。
[知识拓展] hand可作可数名词，其复数形式为hands，可译为"手，指针，帮助"等；hand也可
作动词，译为"上交，递，给"等。
Eg:His hands is dirty.
他得手很脏。
A watch has three hands -- the second hand, minute hand and hour hand.
手表有三个指针--秒针，分针和时针。
Hand it up to me, please.
请把它递上来给我。
[常见搭配]give sb.a hand帮助某人
on the one hand... on the other hand一方面...另一方面
by hand 手工制作
Eg: Could you give me a hand with the baggage
你能帮我拿一下行李吗
On the one hand I admire his gifts, but the other hand I distrust his judgement.
一方面我羡慕他的才华，而另一方面我却怀疑他的判断力。
The fabric was painted by hand.
这个织品是手工染制的。
[即学即用]
学生须在周五前提交论文。
Students must_________their essays by Friday.
hand in
4.review(名词)评论
[用法讲解]review为可数名词，其复数形式为reviews，还可译为"回顾";review还可为动词，译为"复习，回顾，复查".
Eg:We should review our progress regularly.
我们应该定期回顾我们的进展。
The managerwill review the report carefully.
经理会仔细复查这份报告。
Students should review their lessons every day.
学生们应该每天复习功课。
Let's make a review of what we have learned this week.
让我们回顾一下这周所学的内容。
The case is under review by the higher court.
这个案子正在由上级法院进行审查。
[常见搭配]review lessons复习课，温课
get a review得到评论
receive a review收到评论
write a review写评论
do a review复习
Eg: I must have a review of all the lessons for the final exam.
为了期末考试，我必须把所有功课复习一遍。
Please write a review about this book.
请写一篇关于这本书的评论。
Let's start by reviewing what we did last week.
我们开始先来复习一下上星期学的内容。
[即学即用]
Let's have a________(回顾) of what we've learned this week.
review
5.timetable(名词)时间安排，时刻表
[用法讲解] timetable为可数名词，其复数形式为timetables.
Eg: Check the train timetable for the latest schedule.
查看火车时刻表获取最新班次。
[即学即用]
The project will proceed according to the_________.(时刻表).
timetable
6.summary(名词)总结
[用法讲解] summary为可数名词，其复数形式为summaries;summary还可为形容词，译为"简要的";summary还可为动词，译为"总结，概括".
Eg: Read the executive summary before the full report.
阅读完整报告前先看执行摘要。
The court issued a summary judgement.
法院作出了简要判决。
Can you summary the key points in one paragraph
你能用一段话概括要点吗
[常见搭配]in summary总结
Eg: In summary, we need to focus on three key points.
总之，我们需要关注三个关键点。
[派生词] summarize为动词，译为"总结";
summarily为副词，译为"概括地".
Eg: Can you summarize the main points of the article
你能总结这篇文章的要点吗
The case was dealt with summarily.
经理立刻否决了这个想法。
[即学即用]
The teacher asked us to give a s_________ of the article.
ummary
7.give away 泄露，暴露
[用法讲解] give away还可译为"赠送，分发".
Eg: His nervous smile gave away the truth.
他紧张的笑容暴露了真相。
She gave away her old clothes to charity.
她把旧衣服捐给了慈善机构。
[即学即用]
别泄露惊喜派对的秘密!
Don't____________the surprise party!
give away
8.ending(名词)结尾，结局
[用法讲解]ending为可数名词，词复数形式为endings.
Eg: The movie has a surprising ending.
这部电影有一个出人意料的结局。
[常见搭配]happy/ sad ending美满/悲伤的结局
at the ending of ...在...的结尾
Eg: Fairy tales usually have a happy ending.
童话通常有美满的结局。
At the ending of the speech, everyone applauded.
演讲结束时，所有人都鼓掌了。
[派生词]end为名词，译为"结尾，尽头";end还可为名词，译为"结束".
Eg: The war ended in 1945.
战争在1945年结束。
The strike was ended after a week of negotiations.
经过一周的谈判，罢工结束了。
The end of the book is very interesting.
书的结尾很有趣。
[常见搭配]at the end of...在...的尽头，末端
by the end of...到...为止
in the end最后
for the end of...为了...的目的
come to an end结束，终止
Eg: At the end of the month, we will have a party.
月底我们将举办一个聚会。
By the end of the year, he had read all the books in the library.
到年底，他已经读完了图书馆中所有的书。
In the end, he realized his mistake.
最后，他意识到了自己的错误。
He studied hard for the end of getting a good job.
他努力学习是为了找到一份好工作。
The party came to an end at midnight.
聚会在午夜结束了。
[即学即用]
1.I didn't like the_________(end) of the novel.
( )2.______this street you'll find a bookshop.
A.At the end of B. At the end
C.In the end D. By the end of
ending
A
9.rule(名词)规章，规则
[用法讲解]rule为可数名词，还译为"统治"，其复数形式为rules;rule也可作动词，译为"统治"
Eg: the rules of the game
游戏规则
The emperor ruled from 27 BC to 14 AD.
这个皇帝从公元前27年统治到公元14年。
[常见搭配]follow the rules遵守规则
as a rule通常，一般来说
Eg: As a rule, I don't eat dessert.
通常情况下，我不吃甜点。
First, all of us must follow the rules.
首先，大家都应该遵守纪律。
[即学即用]
First, I'll explain the_______(规则) of the game.
rules
10.first of all 第一，首先
Eg: First of all, check your equipment before diving.
首先，潜水前检查装备。
[易混辨析]first of all与at first区别：
first of all强调顺序或重要性；
at first强调时间或初始状态。
[即学即用]
首先，我们需要在找到解决方案前分析问题。
_____________, we need to analyze the problem before finding a solution.
First of all
11.librarian(名词)图书管理员
[用法讲解] librarian为可数名词，其复数形式为librarians.
Eg:The librarian helped me find the reference books.
图书管理员帮我找到了参考书。
[常见搭配]head librarian图书馆馆长
Eg: The head librarianannounced new borrowing rules.
图书馆馆长宣布了新的借阅规则。
[派生词] library为名词，译为"图书馆".
Eg: The library is open from 9 AM to 5 PM every day.
图书馆每天上午9点到下午5点开放。
[即学即用]
The school __________(图书管理员) organizes reading activities for students.
librarian
12.checkout(从图书馆等)借出
[用法讲解]check out还可译为"结账离开，查看，检验".
Eg: You can check out up to 10 books at a time.
一次最多可借10本书。
We need to check out by 11 AM.
我们需要在上午11点前退房。
Check out this amazing view!
快看这绝佳的景色!
[知识拓展] check作名词时，译为"支票，检查，调查"，其复数形式为checks;check还可为动词，译为"检查，查明".
Eg:Please check your answers beforesubmitting the exam.
请在提交试卷前核对答案。
Youalways have to go through security checks at the airport.
你总是要在机场通过安全检查。
I wrote a check for the purchase of a new car.
我开了一张支票用于购买新车。
[常见搭配]check in报到，登记
check over仔细检查
Eg: We need to check in by 6 pm.
我们需要在下午6点前办理入住手续。
The doctor checked over the patient's condition.
医生仔细检查了病人的病情。
[即学即用]
1.C________your answers before handing in the paper.
2.我从学校图书馆借了一本书。
I____________a book from the school library.
heck
checked out
13.publishing house(名词)出版社
[用法讲解] publishing house是一个名词短语，其复数形式为publishing houses.
Eg: This publishing house specializes in children's books.
这家出版社专攻儿童图书。
[常见搭配]at a publishing house在出版社工作
Eg: He has been an editor at a publishing house for ten years.
他已经在出版社当编辑10年了。
[即学即用]
She works for a well -known______________(出版社)in New York.
publishing house
14.unwilling(形容词)不愿意
[用法讲解] unwilling在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: The unwilling participant dragged his feet.
那个不情愿的参与者拖拖拉拉。
She seemed unwilling to participate in the discussion.
她似乎不愿参与讨论。
[常见搭配]be unwilling to do sth.不愿做某事
Eg: He was unwilling to admit his mistake.
他不愿承认错误。
[派生词]unwillingly为副词，译为"不情愿地";
unwillingness为名词，译为"不情愿";
willing为形容词，译为"情愿的".
Eg: She unwillingly agreed to help him with the project.
她不情愿地同意帮他完成这个项目。
Her unwillingness to compromise caused the negotiation to fail.
她的不妥协导致谈判失败。
He was willing to have a picnic this weekend.
他愿意这周去野餐。
[即学即用]
他不愿承认错误。
He________________admithis mistake.
was unwilling to
15.sale(名词)销售量，销售，出售
[用法讲解] sale为不可数名词时，表示"销售行为";sale为可数名词时，表示"特卖活动".
Eg: The sale of alcohol is prohibited here.
此处禁止销售酒精饮料。
The store is having a big sale this weekend.
这家商店本周末有大促销。
[常见搭配]on sale正在促销/出售中
for sale待售
clearance sale清仓大甩卖
Eg: These shoes are on sale for $ 50.
这双鞋正在促销，售价50美元。
Is this painting for sale
这幅画卖吗
The shop is holding a clearance sale before closing.
这家店关门前在清仓甩卖。
[派生词] sell为动词，译为"卖";
salable为形容词，译为"可销售的";
unsold为形容词，译为"未售出的".
Eg: My mother sold the old desk.
我妈妈把那个旧桌子卖了。
Theproduct is highly salable in international markets.
这款产品在国际市场上非常畅销。
The unsold items were donated to charity.
未售出的商品被捐赠给了慈善机构。
[即学即用]
新产品将于下月出售。
The new product will be___________nextmonth.
on sale
16.copy(名词)一本(份，册)，复制品
[用法讲解]copy为可数名词，其复数形式为copies;copy还可为动词，译为"复制，复印，模仿".
Eg: Keep the original and give me a copy.
保留原件，给我复印件。
The first edition copy is very valuable.
初版书非常珍贵。
Please copy this document for all attendees.
请为所有参会者复印这份文件。
[常见搭配]a copy of...一份...
copy from ...从...抄袭/复制
copy down记下/抄录
Eg: Please make a copy of this document.
请复印一份这个文件。
He was punished for copying from his classmate's homework.
他因抄袭同学作业被处罚。
Copy down the notes on the blackboard.
把黑板上的笔记抄下来。
[即学即用]
The museum displays a c_______ of the Mona Lisa.
opy
17.especially(副词)尤其，特别
[用法讲解] especially常用来修饰形容词，副词，动词或整个句子。
Eg: She is especially talented in music.
她在音乐方面特别有天赋。
I especially enjoyed the concert last night.
我特别喜欢昨晚的音乐会。
Especially in summer, this beach getscrowded.
特别是在夏天，这个海滩会很拥挤。
[派生词] especial为形容词，译为"特别的，特殊的".
Eg: This is a matter of especial importance to our team.
这对我们团队来说是一个特别重要的问题。
[即学即用]
She was upset, ___________(especial)because no one apologized.
especially
18.literature(名词)文学
[用法讲解] literature为不可数名词，还可译为"文献，学术".
Eg:She studies English literature at university.
她在大学学习英国文学。
Please review the scientific literatureon this topic.
请查阅关于该主题的科学文献。
[派生词] literary为名词，译为"文学，文献";
literate为形容词，译为"有文化的，受过教育的";
illiterate为形容词，译为"文盲的，不识字的"
Eg:She has a deep interest in literary works.
她对文学作品有浓厚的兴趣。
She is a literate woman with a deep love for books.
她是一位有文化的女性，对书籍充满热爱。
The campaign aims to reduce illiteracy in the region.
该活动旨在降低该地区的文盲率。
[即学即用]
Classical Chinese_________(literate) is rich in poetry.
literature
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Unit 4 A good read 单词解析二
1.clear(形容词)了解清楚的，清澈的，晴朗的
[用法讲解] clear为动词，译为"清理，清除，澄清".
Eg:The instructions are very clear.
说明非常清晰。
The weather is clear today.
今天天气晴朗。
Please clear the snow from the path.
请把小路上的雪清理掉。
She cleared up the misunderstanding.
她澄清了误解。
[常见搭配] clear out 清理，丢掉
clear up 天气放晴
in the clear 摆脱困境
keep clear of... 主动避开危险或麻烦
[常见搭配] clear out 清理，丢掉
clear up 天气放晴
in the clear 摆脱困境
keep clear of... 主动避开危险或麻烦
make clear 讲清楚，使明白
Eg: I need to clear out my closet.
我需要清理我的衣柜。
The sky cleared up in the afternoon.
下午填空放晴了。
He is in the clear now.
他现在摆脱困境了。
Drivers should keep clear of the accident area.
司机应避开事故区域。
You need to make clear your intentions before you start the project.
在开始这个项目之前，你需要讲清楚你的意图。
[派生词] clearly为副词，译为"清楚地".
Eg: Speak more clearly.
说得更清楚些。
[即学即用]
1.我们正在把阁楼里的旧家具清理出去。
We are ______________ the old furniture from the attic.
2.We need c_______evidence to proceed.
答案：1.clearing out 2.clear
2.advise(动词)提出建议
[常见搭配] advise sb. doing sth. 建议做某事
advise sb.to do sth. . 建议某人做某事
advise that 从句 建议...(注意：从句中谓语动词需用(should)+动词原形)
Eg: He advised going by train instead of by plane.
他建议乘火车而不是乘飞机去。
My parents advised me to study hard for the exam.
我父母建议我努力学习备考。
The doctor advised that he should quit smoking.
医生建议他戒烟。
[派生词] advice为不可数名词，译为"建议";
advisable为形容词，译为"明智的，可取的".
Eg: Take my advice and you'll be fine.
听从我的建议，你会没事的。
It is advisable to book tickets in advance.
提前订票是明智的。
[常见搭配] a piece of advice 一条建议
some advice 一些建议
Eg: I need some advice about how to learn English.
我需要一些关于如何学英语的建议。
[即学即用]
( )1. My parents gave me a lot of good_____when I was growing up.
A.advice B. advise C.suggestions D.suggest
2. My friend advised me_______(visit) Paris instead of Rome this time.
答案：1.A 2.to visit
3.hand in提交，呈交，上交
Eg: I forgot to hand in the permission slip.
我忘了交同意书。
[知识拓展] hand可作可数名词，其复数形式为 hands，可译为"手，指针，帮助"等；hand也可
作动词，译为"上交，递，给"等。
Eg:His hands is dirty.
他得手很脏。
A watch has three hands -- the second hand, minute hand and hour hand.
手表有三个指针--秒针，分针和时针。
Hand it up to me, please.
请把它递上来给我。
[常见搭配] give sb.a hand帮助某人
on the one hand... on the other hand一方面...另一方面
by hand 手工制作
Eg: Could you give me a hand with the baggage
你能帮我拿一下行李吗
On the one hand I admire his gifts, but the other hand I distrust his judgement.
一方面我羡慕他的才华，而另一方面我却怀疑他的判断力。
The fabric was painted by hand.
这个织品是手工染制的。
[即学即用]
学生须在周五前提交论文。
Students must_________their essays by Friday.
答案：hand in
4.review(名词)评论
[用法讲解] review为可数名词，其复数形式为reviews，还可译为"回顾";review还可为动词，译为"复习，回顾，复查".
Eg:We should review our progress regularly.
我们应该定期回顾我们的进展。
The manager will review the report carefully.
经理会仔细复查这份报告。
Students should review their lessons every day.
学生们应该每天复习功课。
Let's make a review of what we have learned this week.
让我们回顾一下这周所学的内容。
The case is under review by the higher court.
这个案子正在由上级法院进行审查。
[常见搭配] review lessons 复习课，温课
get a review 得到评论
receive a review 收到评论
write a review 写评论
do a review 复习
Eg: I must have a review of all the lessons for the final exam.
为了期末考试，我必须把所有功课复习一遍。
Please write a review about this book.
请写一篇关于这本书的评论。
Let's start by reviewing what we did last week.
我们开始先来复习一下上星期学的内容。
[即学即用]
Let's have a________(回顾) of what we've learned this week.
答案：review
5.timetable(名词)时间安排，时刻表
[用法讲解] timetable为可数名词，其复数形式为timetables.
Eg: Check the train timetable for the latest schedule.
查看火车时刻表获取最新班次。
[即学即用]
The project will proceed according to the_________.(时刻表).
答案：timetable
6.summary(名词)总结
[用法讲解] summary为可数名词，其复数形式为summaries;summary还可为形容词，译为"简要的";summary还可为动词，译为"总结，概括".
Eg: Read the executive summary before the full report.
阅读完整报告前先看执行摘要。
The court issued a summary judgement.
法院作出了简要判决。
Can you summary the key points in one paragraph
你能用一段话概括要点吗
[常见搭配] in summary 总结
Eg: In summary, we need to focus on three key points.
总之，我们需要关注三个关键点。
[派生词] summarize为动词，译为"总结";
summarily为副词，译为"概括地".
Eg: Can you summarize the main points of the article
你能总结这篇文章的要点吗
The case was dealt with summarily.
经理立刻否决了这个想法。
[即学即用]
The teacher asked us to give a s_________ of the article.
答案：summary
7.give away 泄露，暴露
[用法讲解] give away还可译为"赠送，分发".
Eg: His nervous smile gave away the truth.
他紧张的笑容暴露了真相。
She gave away her old clothes to charity.
她把旧衣服捐给了慈善机构。
[即学即用]
别泄露惊喜派对的秘密!
Don't____________the surprise party!
答案：give away
8.ending(名词)结尾，结局
[用法讲解] ending为可数名词，词复数形式为endings.
Eg: The movie has a surprising ending.
这部电影有一个出人意料的结局。
[常见搭配] happy/ sad ending 美满/悲伤的结局
at the ending of ... 在...的结尾
Eg: Fairy tales usually have a happy ending.
童话通常有美满的结局。
At the ending of the speech, everyone applauded.
演讲结束时，所有人都鼓掌了。
[派生词]end为名词，译为"结尾，尽头";end还可为名词，译为"结束".
Eg: The war ended in 1945.
战争在1945年结束。
The strike was ended after a week of negotiations.
经过一周的谈判，罢工结束了。
The end of the book is very interesting.
书的结尾很有趣。
[常见搭配] at the end of... 在...的尽头，末端
by the end of...到...为止
in the end 最后
for the end of... 为了...的目的
come to an end 结束，终止
Eg: At the end of the month, we will have a party.
月底我们将举办一个聚会。
By the end of the year, he had read all the books in the library.
到年底，他已经读完了图书馆中所有的书。
In the end, he realized his mistake.
最后，他意识到了自己的错误。
He studied hard for the end of getting a good job.
他努力学习是为了找到一份好工作。
The party came to an end at midnight.
聚会在午夜结束了。
[即学即用]
1.I didn't like the_________(end) of the novel.
( )2.______this street you'll find a bookshop.
A.At the end of B. At the end
C.In the end D. By the end of
答案：1.ending 2.A
9.rule(名词)规章，规则
[用法讲解]rule为可数名词，还译为"统治"，其复数形式为rules;rule也可作动词，译为"统治"
Eg: the rules of the game
游戏规则
The emperor ruled from 27 BC to 14 AD.
这个皇帝从公元前27年统治到公元14年。
[常见搭配]follow the rules 遵守规则
as a rule通常，一般来说
Eg: As a rule, I don't eat dessert.
通常情况下，我不吃甜点。
First, all of us must follow the rules.
首先，大家都应该遵守纪律。
[即学即用]
First, I'll explain the_______(规则) of the game.
答案：rules
10.first of all 第一，首先
Eg: First of all, check your equipment before diving.
首先，潜水前检查装备。
[易混辨析]first of all与at first区别：
first of all强调顺序或重要性；
at first强调时间或初始状态。
[即学即用]
首先，我们需要在找到解决方案前分析问题。
_____________, we need to analyze the problem before finding a solution.
答案：First of all
11.librarian(名词)图书管理员
[用法讲解] librarian为可数名词，其复数形式为librarians.
Eg:The librarian helped me find the reference books.
图书管理员帮我找到了参考书。
[常见搭配] head librarian 图书馆馆长
Eg: The head librarian announced new borrowing rules.
图书馆馆长宣布了新的借阅规则。
[派生词] library为名词，译为"图书馆".
Eg: The library is open from 9 AM to 5 PM every day.
图书馆每天上午9点到下午5点开放。
[即学即用]
The school __________(图书管理员) organizes reading activities for students.
答案：librarian
12.checkout(从图书馆等)借出
[用法讲解] check out还可译为"结账离开，查看，检验".
Eg: You can check out up to 10 books at a time.
一次最多可借10本书。
We need to check out by 11 AM.
我们需要在上午11点前退房。
Check out this amazing view!
快看这绝佳的景色!
[知识拓展] check作名词时，译为"支票，检查，调查"，其复数形式为checks;check还可为动词，译为"检查，查明".
Eg:Please check your answers before submitting the exam.
请在提交试卷前核对答案。
You always have to go through security checks at the airport.
你总是要在机场通过安全检查。
I wrote a check for the purchase of a new car.
我开了一张支票用于购买新车。
[常见搭配] check in 报到，登记
check over 仔细检查
Eg: We need to check in by 6 pm.
我们需要在下午6点前办理入住手续。
The doctor checked over the patient's condition.
医生仔细检查了病人的病情。
[即学即用]
1.C________your answers before handing in the paper.
2.我从学校图书馆借了一本书。
I____________a book from the school library.
答案：1.Check 2.checked out
13.publishing house(名词)出版社
[用法讲解] publishing house是一个名词短语，其复数形式为publishing houses.
Eg: This publishing house specializes in children's books.
这家出版社专攻儿童图书。
[常见搭配] at a publishing house 在出版社工作
Eg: He has been an editor at a publishing house for ten years.
他已经在出版社当编辑10年了。
[即学即用]
She works for a well -known______________(出版社)in New York.
答案：publishing house
14.unwilling(形容词)不愿意
[用法讲解] unwilling在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: The unwilling participant dragged his feet.
那个不情愿的参与者拖拖拉拉。
She seemed unwilling to participate in the discussion.
她似乎不愿参与讨论。
[常见搭配] be unwilling to do sth. 不愿做某事
Eg: He was unwilling to admit his mistake.
他不愿承认错误。
[派生词] unwillingly为副词，译为"不情愿地";
unwillingness为名词，译为"不情愿";
willing为形容词，译为"情愿的".
Eg: She unwillingly agreed to help him with the project.
她不情愿地同意帮他完成这个项目。
Her unwillingness to compromise caused the negotiation to fail.
她的不妥协导致谈判失败。
He was willing to have a picnic this weekend.
他愿意这周去野餐。
[即学即用]
他不愿承认错误。
He________________admit his mistake.
答案：was unwilling to
15.sale(名词)销售量，销售，出售
[用法讲解] sale为不可数名词时，表示"销售行为";sale为可数名词时，表示"特卖活动".
Eg: The sale of alcohol is prohibited here.
此处禁止销售酒精饮料。
The store is having a big sale this weekend.
这家商店本周末有大促销。
[常见搭配] on sale 正在促销/出售中
for sale 待售
clearance sale清仓大甩卖
Eg: These shoes are on sale for $ 50.
这双鞋正在促销，售价50美元。
Is this painting for sale
这幅画卖吗
The shop is holding a clearance sale before closing.
这家店关门前在清仓甩卖。
[派生词] sell为动词，译为"卖";
salable为形容词，译为"可销售的";
unsold为形容词，译为"未售出的".
Eg: My mother sold the old desk.
我妈妈把那个旧桌子卖了。
The product is highly salable in international markets.
这款产品在国际市场上非常畅销。
The unsold items were donated to charity.
未售出的商品被捐赠给了慈善机构。
[即学即用]
新产品将于下月出售。
The new product will be___________ next month.
答案：on sale
16.copy(名词)一本(份，册)，复制品
[用法讲解] copy为可数名词，其复数形式为copies;copy还可为动词，译为"复制，复印，模仿".
Eg: Keep the original and give me a copy.
保留原件，给我复印件。
The first edition copy is very valuable.
初版书非常珍贵。
Please copy this document for all attendees.
请为所有参会者复印这份文件。
[常见搭配] a copy of... 一份...
copy from ... 从...抄袭/复制
copy down 记下/抄录
Eg: Please make a copy of this document.
请复印一份这个文件。
He was punished for copying from his classmate's homework.
他因抄袭同学作业被处罚。
Copy down the notes on the blackboard.
把黑板上的笔记抄下来。
[即学即用]
The museum displays a c_______ of the Mona Lisa.
答案：copy
17.especially(副词)尤其，特别
[用法讲解] especially常用来修饰形容词，副词，动词或整个句子。
Eg: She is especially talented in music.
她在音乐方面特别有天赋。
I especially enjoyed the concert last night.
我特别喜欢昨晚的音乐会。
Especially in summer, this beach gets crowded.
特别是在夏天，这个海滩会很拥挤。
[派生词] especial为形容词，译为"特别的，特殊的".
Eg: This is a matter of especial importance to our team.
这对我们团队来说是一个特别重要的问题。
[即学即用]
She was upset, ___________(especial) because no one apologized.
答案：especially
18.literature(名词)文学
[用法讲解] literature为不可数名词，还可译为"文献，学术".
Eg: She studies English literature at university.
她在大学学习英国文学。
Please review the scientific literature on this topic.
请查阅关于该主题的科学文献。
[派生词] literary为名词，译为"文学，文献";
literate为形容词，译为"有文化的，受过教育的";
illiterate为形容词，译为"文盲的，不识字的"
Eg: She has a deep interest in literary works.
她对文学作品有浓厚的兴趣。
She is a literate woman with a deep love for books.
她是一位有文化的女性，对书籍充满热爱。
The campaign aims to reduce illiteracy in the region.
该活动旨在降低该地区的文盲率。
[即学即用]
Classical Chinese_________(literate) is rich in poetry.
答案：literature
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