资源简介

Unit 1　People of Achievement
Grammar
Discovering Useful Structures非限制性定语从句
一、非限制性定语从句基本概念
非限制性定语从句跟先行词的关系并不十分密切,只是做一些附加说明,不起限制作用,这类从句往往用逗号与主句分开。
John, who sells ancient vases, is an old friend of my father’s.
卖古代花瓶的约翰是我父亲的一位老朋友。
We walked down the village street, which led to the temple.
我们沿着村子的大街走去,大街通向庙宇。
有时这类从句所修饰的不是前面某一个词,而是代表整个主句所讲的内容,通常用逗号与主句分开。
He bought his mother a painting for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.
他买了一幅画作为生日礼物送给母亲,这使她非常高兴。
They are coming back to us, which means that they have got the copper sword.
他们要回到我们这儿来了,这意味着他们得到了铜剑。
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)形式不同
限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔开,非限制性定语从句与其先行词之间一般有逗号隔开。
She heard a terrible noise coming from the ancient tower, which brought her heart into her mouth.
她听到古塔里面传来一个可怕的声音,这把她的心提到了嗓子眼上。
I will never forget the days which we spent together visiting the Summer Palace.
我永远不会忘记我们一起参观颐和园的那些日子。
(2)意义不同
限制性定语从句与其先行词关系十分密切,如果去掉从句,剩余的部分意思往往不完整,甚至失去意义;非限制性定语从句只是其先行词的附加说明,如去掉,句子剩余部分意思仍然完整。
We will never forget the happy days when we rebuilt the wooden tower.
我们永远忘不了我们重修木塔的那段快乐日子。
His sister, who works in an antique shop, is coming to see him tomorrow.
他在古董店工作的姐姐明天来看他。
(3)翻译不同
翻译限制性定语从句时,一般先翻译从句,后翻译先行词;翻译非限制性定语从句时,一般先翻译先行词,后翻译从句,形成两个并列分句或其他类型的分句。
I have a son who is now studying in the USA.我有一个现在在美国学习的儿子。(可能还有儿子在别处)
I have a son, who is now studying archaeology in the university.我有一个儿子,他现在在大学学习考古学。(含有“我只有一个儿子”之意)
She is going to spend the holiday in Macao, where she will visit some places of interest.
她要到澳门去度假,在那里她将游览几处名胜。
(4)先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词;非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词,也可以是整个句子。
Mike sold the old house which came down from his father.(先行词是 house)
迈克卖掉了从他父亲手里传下来的老房子。
Mike sold the old house, which made his father very angry.(先行词为逗号前的整个句子,即:卖房子这件事)迈克把老房子卖了,这使得他的父亲很生气。
(5)引导词不同
能引导限制性定语从句的引导词一般都能引导非限制性定语从句。但请注意:that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。
【误】They look very happy, that means that they have won the match.
【正】They look very happy, which means that they have won the match.
他们看上去很高兴,这意味着他们赢得了比赛。
(6)省略不同
引导限制性定语从句的引导词,在从句中作宾语时,在口语中常可以省略;引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省略。
Having a black hat on, Chaplin carried a stick, which he used to swing in the air.
卓别林戴着黑帽子,拿着手杖,这手杖常常在空中挥舞。
The stick (which/that) Chaplin used to swing in the air is now kept in the museum.
卓别林常常在空中挥舞的手杖现在保存在博物馆里了。
三、非限制性定语从句注意事项
1.非限制性定语从句不能用关系副词why引导,要用for which代替why
I had told the manager the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了经理，为此我没有去开会。
I had told the manager the reason why I didn't attend the meeting.我告诉了经理我不去开会的理由。（限制性性定语从句）
2.非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，句中，也可以放主句后；as是“正如”之意，“which”是“这，那”之意。
As you expected, he didn't believe me. 正如你所预料的，他不相信我。
He heard a terrible noise, which brought his heart into his mouth.
他听到一个可怕的声音，这让他的心都提到嗓子眼了。
3.非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词用which或whom。
He bought the car for more than $30,000, with which his mother was angry.
他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他母亲对此很生气。
There was nobody in the street, to whom she could turn for help.
街上没有一个她能寻求帮助的人。
练习
用适当的关系词填空
1.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 　　　　　 lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks.
2.She was taking the food to the refugee camp,　　　　　 she distributed it to children.
3.In their spare time,they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden,　　　　　 is on the rooftop of their house.
4.He bought the car for more than $20,000,with 　　　　　his father was angry.
5.I prefer to work in black and white,　　　　　 allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.
6.The number of smokers,　　　　　 is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
7.My eldest son,　　　　　 work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
8.Nowadays,it is common to see people staring at their mobile phones instead of reading a real book, about 　　　　　many experts are worried.
9.ChinaToday attracts a worldwide readership,　　　　　 shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
10.It was built in a year,　　　　　 seems absolutely incredible.
11.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere,　　　　　 his employees enjoy their work.
12.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,　　　　　 the weather may be better.
13.The children, all of 　　　　　had played the whole day long, were worn out.
【答案解析】
用适当的关系词填空
1.who 2.where 3. which 4. which 5.which 6.as 7.whose 8.which 9.which 10.which 11. where 12.when 13.whomUnit 1 People of Achievement
Reading and thinking
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
【核心素养】
Practise reading skills
To learn Tu Youyou’s life and her achievements
To learn how to describe a great woman
Foster the right value and show respect to the true heroes
【导入】
To show a picture on the screen and share what you know about the person with students.
You may tell us: his/her name; the date when he/she was born; the place where he/she was born; his/her achievements; people’s assessments of him/her
【阅读深思】
Q1. What information can you get from the title
Q2. Which sentence can best summarize the whole passage
Q3. What did Tu Youyou do in different stages of her life
Q4. What’s the main idea of each paragraph
Q5. What do you think of Tu Youyou after reading the passage
【自学反馈】
Feedback 1: finish the exercises
1. Which of the following is true according to the paragraph 1
A. The 2015 Nobel Prize for physiology or Medicine was awarded to Tu Youyou alone.
B. Millions of people’s life were threatened in the world by malaria each year before Tu Youyou’s discovery.
C. Artemisinin can save 100,000 lives a year in the world.
D. Tu Youyou was awarded $600,000 for her discovery.
2. How old was Tu Youyou when she won the Nobel Prize
A. About 75. B. About 80. C. About 85. D. About 90.
3. In the process of discovering artemisinin, Tu ____________.
A. began with a private project B. succeeded during the first experiments
C. faced many different opinions D. made extracts in a creative way
4. Which of following words can not be used to describe Tu best according to the text
A. committed B. selfish C. creative D. modest
5. Where would you most likely find this passage
A. In a blog B. In a book C. In a letter D. In a newspaper
Feedback 2: match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para. 1 A. How Tu Youyou’s team discovered artemisinin
Para. 2 B. How Tu Youyou responded to her winning of the Nobel Prize
Para. 3 C. A brief introduction of Tu Youyou
Para. 4 D. Why was Tu Youyou awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
Feedback 3: fill in the blanks.
【自主探究】
Q1: Would you please find or think of some other adjective words to describe Tu Youyou or a great person
Such as: committed, __________, __________ , _________, __________, _________....
Q2: If you are asked to describe a person, how will you organize the text
You may tell us: how many paragraphs will you write What will you refer to in each paragraph
Q3. In your heart, who do you think is the true hero And why
【成果展示】
Please show your presentation based on the above discussion.
【点评精讲】
【随堂检测】
Tu Youyou __________ (award) the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in October 2015. She has been a __________(commit) and patient scientist. In 1967, she joined a team of scientists with the _________ (object) of discovering a new treatment for malaria. Since then, she had been devoted herself _________ it. Her team examined many ole medical texts and evaluated tens of thousands of plants. They found a medical text suggested __________ (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat 6. a fever. And they tested dried wormwood leaves and the liquid _________ (obtain) by boiling fresh wormwood ____________ found no effect. Finally, Tu found a substance ____________ worked by using a lower temperature to draw out the extract. They insisted ________ testing the medicine on themselves and the medicine called artemisinin soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
【巩固应用】
A composition
（2020年高考全国卷I） 你校正在组织英语作文大赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 人物简介
2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因
注意：
1. 字数80字左右
2. 短文题目和句首已为你写好。
【参考答案】
【自学反馈】
Feedback 1: 1-5 BCDBD
Feedback 2: Para. 1—D，Para. 2—C，Para. 3—A，Para. 4—B
Feedback 3:
【自主探究】
Q1:
independent独立的; determined坚决的 ; confident自信的; responsible负责的; selfless无私的 hard-working 苦干的; dedicated 专注的; energetic精力旺盛的; committed 尽心尽力的; modest 谦虚的；optimistic 乐观的；courageous 勇敢的、无畏的 patient 耐心的；honest 诚实的；devoted 忠诚的、投入的；warm-hearted 热心的；generous 大方的；easy-going 随和的；reliable 可靠的；outgoing 外向的；considerate 体贴的……
Q2:
如何写人物介绍类的文章
在写人物介绍类文章时，可以用第一人称，也可以用第三人称。时态以一般现在时和一般过去时为主。具体的人称和时态要依据写作的要求来确定。在写作的过程中要注意以下几个方面:
1.在进行写作时，通常需要介绍人物的姓名、年龄、外貌、性格、教育背景、工作经历、专业、爱好、主要事迹等，但英语写作需要严格按照写作要求来写，内容要包括所给的全部信息，既不能遗漏，也不能随意添加。
2.对题目所给的信息要进行适当重组，安排好写作顺序，突出重点信息。重点信息通常是写作的目的所在，比如求职信要重点突出学历、工作经历，新闻报道要重点突出事迹，人物介绍类文章要突出人物的特点。
3.注意正确运用时态。描写人物的外貌、性格、爱好等常用一般现在时，而介绍人物的出生时间及地点、教育背景、工作经历和主要事迹则常用一般过去时。
【随堂检测】
was awarded; committed; objective; to; using; a; obtained; but; that; on
【巩固应用】
（略）Unit 1 People of Achievement
Using Language
THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE
【核心素养】
1. To enhance the reading and writing skills;
2. To learn Albert Einstein’s life and his achievements;
3. To learn how to introduce about someone you admire.
【情境导入】
1. What do you know about Albert Einstein
2. Watch a short video about the Albert Einstein.
【阅读深思】
Read the passage quickly and answer the following question:
Which of the following about Albert Einstein are not included in the passage
A. his achievements B. his family C. his character
D. his experience E. his hobbies F. his appearance
G. his death H. his wife and children
【自学反馈】
Activity 1: Read the text again and fill in the forms according to the passage.
Evaluation (1) in modern physics; (2) one of who ever lived ; (3) to the world: the most well-known are the general theory of and the famous E= mc2 (4) a figure;
His whole life On 14 March 1879
In 1896
In 1900
In 1905
In 1909
His whole life In 1922
In 1933
In 1955
【自主探究】
自主探究1： Discuss the following questions in pairs
1. Apart from his remarkable achievements, what does the passage tell us about Einstein’s life
2. What impressed you most about Einstein State your reasons.
自主探究2：Study the organisation and language features
1. What type of writing is this text How does the writer develop the text
2. Find the descriptions that tell us what Einstein looked like and what kind of person he was.
3. What rhetorical devices are used in the passage Give examples.
【成果展示】
Please show your answers based on the above discussion.
【点评精讲】
1. General structure and language features of the passage;
2. Useful expressions for introducing someone you admire.
(1) Birth date
(2) Introduction to the age, height, weight etc.
(3) Words and expressions for character and qualities
(4) words and expressions for comment
3. Complicated sentence analysis
【随堂检测】
Albert Einstein is 1._________ (consider) a genius. the greatest scientist in modern physics and one of the 2._________ (smart) men. He made numerous 3._________(contribute) to the world. 4._________ 14 March 1879, he was born in Germany. In 1896 he managed 5._________ (enter)-university and graduated in 1900. In 1905, he earned a doctorate in physics and 6._________ (publish) four extraordinary physics papers. Not until 1909 7._________ he enter research full-time at a university. And in 1922, He was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. Unfortunately, in 1933, he had to flee Germany after Hitler came to power 8._________ he was a Jewish. He took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA 9._________ continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics. On 18 April 1933, he passed 10._________.
【巩固应用】
Choose the person you are going to write about. It should be someone you think is great in some way. It can be an ordinary person, such as a parent, a relative, or a friend.
Write an introduction to the person in 100 words.
【参考答案】
【阅读深思】
Read the passage quickly and answer the following question:
Which of the following about Albert Einstein are not included in the passage
B E H
【自学反馈】
Activity 1: Read the text again and fill in the forms according to the passage.
Evaluation (1) the greatest scientist in modern physics; (2) one of the smartest men who ever lived ; (3) made the numerous contributions to the world: the most well-known are the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E= mc2 (4) a courageous and kind figure;
His whole life On 14 March 1879 He was born in Germany.
In 1896 He entered the university.
In 1900 He graduated from the university.
In 1905 He earned a doctorate in physics and published four extraordinary physics papers.
In 1909 He entered research full-time at a university.
His whole life In 1922 He was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize.
In 1933 He had to flee Germany and took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA.
In 1955 He passed away.
【自主探究】
自主探究2：
1. It is a biography. The writer developed the text in order of time.
2.Slightly odd-looking, a thick moustache and long white hair; courageous and kind, gentle, kind and funny, sometimes forgot things, loved by his friends and neighbours.
3. Simile. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
【随堂检测】
1.considered 2. smartest 3. contributions 4.On 5.to enter 6. published 7. could/did 8.because 9. and 10 away.

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