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Unit 3　Fascinating Parks
Grammar
动词 ing形式作主语
一、关于动词 ing形式的基本情况
1．动词 ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。
动词 ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。
2．动词 ing形式的时态和语态。
【观察例句】
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
Having studied his lessons very hard, he passed the exam.
努力学习了功课, 他通过了考试。
The building being built now will be finished next month.
正在建设的建筑物下个月将完工。
Having been laughed at for his lameness, the boy became shy and inhibited.
那男孩因跛脚被人讥笑, 变得羞怯。
【归纳用法】
语态 时态　　 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
二、动词 ing形式作主语
1．动词 ing形式作主语
【观察例句】
Saying is one thing, and doing is another.
说是一回事，而做是另一回事。
Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.
每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。
【归纳用法】
动词 ing形式作主语，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。
[名师点津]
动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.
对于老人来说爬山确实困难。
2．形式主语it代替动词 ing形式作主语。
【观察例句】
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。
It is no good/use regretting for the past.
悔恨过去是没用的。
It's useless arguing with them.　
跟他们争论是徒劳无益的。
【归纳用法】
此类句式常见的有：
It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间
It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事没用/是值得的
It's no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思
3．动词 ing形式和to do作主语时的区别。
【观察例句】
Playing with fire is dangerous.
玩火危险。(泛指)
Singing is my hobby, and to sing at my friend's birthday party is my dream.
唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。
【归纳用法】
动词 ing形式和to do都可以作主语。动词 ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，to do作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
[即学即练1]——单句语法填空
① I can't stand _______(work) with Jane in the same office.
② It's no use ___________ (complain) without taking action.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)____________ (volunteer) just feels so good.
④_____________ (invite) to the party was a great honour to the family.
三、动词 ing的复合结构作主语
【观察例句】
His/Tom's being late made the teacher very angry.
他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气。
Jerry's not arriving on time made the people present angry.
杰里未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。
【归纳用法】
(1)作主语的动词 ing的复合结构的肯定形式为：形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格＋doing...。
(2)作主语的动词 ing的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格＋not doing...。
[即学即练2]——完成句子
①他没准时到火车站使得我们大家都很担心。
______________________________ on time made all of us worried.
②你学好英语对学习法语有帮助。
__________________________ will help to learn French.
课后练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．_______ (talk) with your kid heart to heart is very important.
2．It is no use __________ (regret) your past mistakes.
3．_______(read) is an art.
4．Climbing mountains __(be) really fun.
5．It is no good ______(cry) over spilt milk.
6．Their ______(come) to help was a great encouragement to us.
7．His not _______(know) English brought him a lot of inconvenience.
8．_______(read) in bed is bad for your eyes.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．对于初学者来说，学习驾驶通常是一次紧张的经历。
_________________ is usually a nervous experience for beginners.
2．总之，和你的同学处理好关系被认为是一件重要的事情。
In a word, _______________________________________ is considered an important thing.
3．在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
___________________________ is not a pleasure but a suffer.
4．躺着晒太阳是很舒服的。
It is pleasant ________________．
5．和孩子们一起玩真好。
It is fun _____________________．
【参考答案】
[即学即练1] ① working ② complaining ③ Volunteering ④Being invited
[即学即练2] ① His not getting to the station ② Your learning English well
课后练习
Ⅰ. 1．Talking 2．regretting 3．Reading 4．is 5．crying 6．coming 7．knowing 8．Reading
Ⅱ.1．Learning to drive 2．getting along well with your classmates 3．Working in these conditions 4．lying in the sun 5．playing with childrenUnit 3　Fascinating Parks
Reading and Thinking
速读
Ⅰ. 阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．The sun can tell whether it is morning or night in the Arctic Circle.
A．Right. 　 B．Wrong. 　C．Not mentioned.
2．Sarek's mountains are still covered by vast sheets of ice now.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Now no one can be allowed to live in Sarek National Park.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Today most Sami have houses in villages near Sarek.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．The writer's next destination is to visit Antarctica.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
Ⅱ. 补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：
A．Spreading out before me
B．buffeting the cloth of my tent
C．telling whether it is morning or night
D．breathing the fresh air
E．looking after reindeer
F．leaving behind over 100 glaciers
1．I wake up to the sound of the wind ．
2．Even though the sun is brightly shining, is impossible.
3． , branches of the Rapa River flow through the valley below.
4．Around 9，000 years ago, this ice melted, ．
5．For hundreds of years, was a way of life for the Sami.
6．Here I am, alone under this broad sky, , and enjoying this great adventure.
Ⅲ. 表格填空
SAREK NATIONAL PARK —EUROPE'S HIDDEN NATURAL TREASURE
The summer in the Arctic Circle Even though the sun is brightly 1. ______________，telling whether it is morning or night is impossible. This is because the sun 2. ____________________.
Sarek's mountains and ice Sarek's mountains used to 3. __________________________ vast sheets of ice. Around 9，000 years ago, this ice melted, 4. ____________________________ about 100 glaciers. In 1909, Sarek was made a national park in order to keep the land in 5. __________________________________.
Man at peace with nature For hundreds of years, 6. __________________________ reindeer was a way of life for the Sami. Since reindeer were always 7. ______________________, the Sami would pick up their tents and 8. __________________ them.
The writer's adventure It will be full of 9. __________ and hard work as I hike over this difficult land to 10. _________________________ on the other side of the valley.
细读
Ⅰ. 主旨匹配
1．Para. 1　 A．A land of adventure.
2．Para. 2 B．A summer where the sun never sleeps.
3．Para. 3 C．A land of mountains and ice.
4．Para. 4 D．Man at peace with nature.
Ⅱ. 阅读
1．Where did the writer sleep in Sarek National Park
A．In the hotel. B．In his friend's home.
C．In the tent. D．In the buffet.
2．When did the Sami people arrive in Sarek
A．Around 9，000 years ago.
B．Before about 100 glaciers formed.
C．After reindeer had arrived.
D．In 1909.
3．Why would the Sami have to pick up their tents
A．Because reindeer were always on the move.
B．Because they liked moving around.
C．Because they wanted to live a modern life.
D．Because looking after reindeer is difficult.
4．How does the writer think the sweat and hard work
A．He thinks it's worth it.
B．He thinks it's a waste of time.
C．He thinks it's of no use.
D．He thinks it's a pity.
Ⅲ. 微技能
A．找出文中含有表示人物动作的语句
B．判断下列语句中哪个不是表示人物动作的？
1．Soon after, reindeer began to arrive.
2．For hundreds of years，looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami.
3．After breakfast, I pack my bag and set out again.
4．Since I must carry all of my food and supplies with me, my bag weighs about 30 kilograms.
5．Here I am, alone under this broad sky，breathing the fresh air, and enjoying this great adventure.
【参考答案】
速读
Ⅰ. 1－5　BBBAC
Ⅱ. 1－6　BCAFED
Ⅲ. 1. shining 2. never sets 3. be covered by 4. leaving behind 5. its natural state 6. looking after 7. on the move 8. accompany 9. sweat 10. my destination
细读
Ⅰ. 1－4　BCDA
Ⅱ. 1－4　CCAA
Ⅲ. A．1. I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent.
2．Checking my watch, I see that it is 7：30 am.
3．I leave my tent and walk over to the mountain edge.
4．Getting here is quite difficult, so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek.
5．. . . the Sami would pick up their tents and accompany them.
6．But every spring, a small number of Sami still follow their reindeer into the valleys of Sarek, living in tents or old cottages and enjoying their traditions.
7．I am not a Sami, but in Sarek I've adopted some of their habits.
B．1Unit 3　Fascinating Parks
Using Language
重点单词
1.
[典型例句]
(1)(时间、空间)向前面，在前面
I'll run ahead and warn them.
我要跑在前头，警告他们。
(2)提前；预先；提早
The party was planned weeks ahead.
聚会提前几个星期就已筹划好了。
(3)占优势；领先
Our team was ahead by six points.
我们队领先六分。
[思维拓展]
ahead of time/schedule 提前
go ahead 前进；进行；去做吧；着手；开始做
[即时训练]
The event will ________________ (进行) as planned in Sheffield next summer.
2.
[典型例句]
①vi.有感染力/吸引力；呼吁
The film appeals to young people.
这部电影对年轻人很有吸引力。
②vi.上诉
I intend to appeal against this sentence.
我要对这个判决提起上诉。
③n.[C，U]呼吁，恳求；吸引力
The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.
警方呼吁公众保持镇静。
[思维拓展]
appeal(to sb./sth.)against sth.(向……)上诉……
make/launch an appeal to sb.for/to do sth.
呼吁某人做某事
[巧学妙记]
An old man who appealed against his son's sentence made an appeal to the public for help，which appealed to many warm hearted people.
对儿子的判决提出上诉的老人呼吁公众帮帮他们，这吸引了很多热心肠的人。
[即时训练]
—Did Zhou Libo say anything that appealed ________ you in Mr Zhou Live Show
—Not really. Actually I slept through his performance.
3.
[典型例句]
He keeps wandering up and down the street. 他在街上不停地闲逛。
A man was found wandering over the countryside. 人们发现有个人在乡间漫步。
[词语搭配]
wander about/in/through/around 徘徊；闲逛
[联想记忆]
wonder vt. 惊奇；诧异；想知道　n. [C]奇迹；奇观
He was wandering around the pyramid, wondering how on earth the wonder was built.
他在金字塔四周徘徊，想知道这座奇观究竟是怎样建成的。
[即时训练]
The child was found __________________(wander)the streets alone.
4.
[典型例句]
(1)n.[C]消遣；娱乐(活动)
There are not many amusements in this city.
这个城市的娱乐活动不多。(可数名词)
(2)n.[U]欢乐；快乐；发笑
I find amusement in collecting stamps.
我以集邮为乐。(不可数名词)
To her great amusement，the actor's wig fell off.
使她感到极其好笑的是，那个演员的假发掉了下来。
[思维拓展]
amuse vt.使高兴；使开心。和please“取悦于，让……高兴”是近义词。
be amused at/by以……为乐，对……感到好笑
amuse oneself with以……自娱
be amused to do 做……取乐
amusing adj.引起乐趣的；逗人发笑的
amused adj.感到逗乐的；觉得好笑的
to one's amusement使某人高兴/发笑的是
[即时训练]
They are ____________(amuse) by the _______________(amuse) performances.
.
[典型例句]
He was swinging his bag back and forth.
他把包前后晃来晃去。
His arms swung as he walked.
他走路的时候摆着双臂。
The swing of his hair looks very funny when he is running.
他跑起来时，摆动的头发看起来很滑稽。
[思维拓展]
swing the lead装病偷懒
swing by短暂拜访
[图解助记]图解swing，rock
[即时训练]
①The soldiers marched along，________________(swing) their arms.
②The monkey __________(swing) from branch to branch, and soon disappeared.
6.
[典型例句]
These flowers are very rare in this country.
这些花在该国很稀有。
This is a rare stamp.
这是一枚珍贵的邮票。
[思维拓展]
rarely adv. 很少；难得
放在句首，句子采用部分倒装。
We rarely agree on what to do.
我们很少在要做的事情上看法一致。
[即时训练]
She is ____________(rare)seen in public nowadays.
7.
[典型例句]
The man entertained the children with tricks.
那个人用把戏逗乐孩子。
He entertained friends to dinner.
他设宴款待了朋友。
[思维拓展]
entertain sb.with sth.用……使某人欢乐
entertain sb.to sth.用……招待某人
entertainment n．款待；娱乐
entertaining adj.使人愉快的；娱乐的
Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night，during which time Bob told us many jokes for entertainment，making it an entertaining night.
Bob和Liz昨晚设宴款待我们，期间Bob讲了很多笑话娱乐我们，让我们度过了一个愉快的夜晚。
[即时训练]
①He still often ____________________(entertain) his family with his humour.
②It seems to her that everything is ________________________(entertain)．
③The local ____________________________(entertain) are listed in the newspaper.
重点短语
1.
[典型例句]
The doctors take turns at participating in the mobile medical team.
医生们轮流参加巡回医疗队。
[思维拓展]
in one's turn轮到某人；接着
in turn(＝take it in turns)依次；轮流；反之；反过来
by turns轮流；依次
take turns to do sth.轮流做某事
take turns (in)doing sth.轮流做某事
It is one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
When it is in my turn, I am too excited to speak.
当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。
[即时训练]
①He cooked the meal ____ his turn this week.
②The two brothers take turns ______________(look) after their father.
2.
[典型例句]
He was famous for his novels.
他以他的小说而闻名。
France is famous for its wine.
法国以葡萄酒闻名。
[思维拓展]
be famous as(＝be known as)作为……而闻名
be famous to sb.(＝be known to sb.)为某人所熟知
Virginia is famous as the birthplace of several USA presidents.
弗吉尼亚作为几位美国总统的出生地而出名。
The pop star is famous to young people.
这个流行歌手为年轻人所熟知。
[即时训练]
He is famous ______ his humour.
3.
[典型例句]
Are you familiar with this type of machine
你熟悉这种机器吗？
[易混辨析]
be familiar with，be familiar to
短语 意义 主语 宾语
be familiar with 熟悉；通晓 人 事物
be familiar to 为……熟悉 事物 人
Are you familiar with the rules of baseball
你熟悉棒球规则吗？
English and maths are the subjects that are familiar to you.
数学、英语是你熟悉的科目。
[方法点拨]
be similar to意为“跟……相像的/类似的”，注意与be familiar to的区别。
This car is familiar to me，which is not similar to yours.
这辆车我很熟悉，这车与你的不一样。
[即时训练]
He is familiar ________ this park.
4.
[典型例句]
The children were having so much fun，and I hated to call them inside.
小孩子玩得很开心，我不忍心把他们叫进来。
[思维拓展]
have fun (in) doing sth.做某事很开心
make fun of取笑……；开……玩笑；为了好玩
for/in fun开玩笑地
be full of fun充满乐趣
[即时训练]
They had fun ______________ (play) with water.
5.
[典型例句]
Akira Nagata is more than a scientist. He is also a poet.
永田明不仅仅是位科学家，还是位诗人。
[误区警示]
more than的用法
修饰名词时，表示“不仅仅，不止(＝not only)”。 Bamboo is used for more than building.竹子不仅仅用于建筑。
后接数字，表示“超过；多于”。 More than 70 percent of our planet is covered by water.我们的星球表面70%以上被水所覆盖。
修饰形容词、副词、动词、分词或句子时，起加强语气的作用，表示“十分”。 They were more than glad to help.他们非常乐意帮忙。
more...than...与其说……倒不如说……；比……更……
She is more lazy(不用lazier) than unintelligent.
与其说她不聪明倒不如说她懒惰。
[即时训练]
He is more ________ happy today.
6.
[典型例句]
He can earn up to $50,000 a year.
他每年能挣多达五万美元。
[思维拓展]
be up to sth.正在干/从事着某事(尤指坏事)；在捣鬼
be up to＝be fit for 胜任(常用于否定句和疑问句中)
up to＝up till/until 直到……
It's up to sb.to do sth.由某人负责/决定做某事
[即时训练]
—What shall we do tonight
—It's ____ to you—whatever you want.
7.
[典型例句]
You're holding the book upside down.
你把书拿颠倒了。
The house was turned upside down by the burglars.
那屋子被窃贼翻得乱七八糟。
You've hung that picture upside down!
你把那幅画挂颠倒了！
In the Spring Festival, Chinese people would like to hang the character fu upside down.
春节期间，中国人喜欢将“福”字倒过来挂。
[思维拓展]
turn sth.upside down把……翻得乱七八糟
inside out里面朝外
The wind turned my umbrella inside out.
大风把我的伞吹得翻了过去。
[即时训练]
Had early explorers come from the southern hemisphere, would our maps appear upside ________
重点句型
1. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters， others for showing famous sights and sounds.
一些公园以拥有最大或最长的过山车而闻名，另一些公园则以展示著名的风景和声音而闻名。
[句式分析]
some...others...表示“一些……另一些……”。
At weekends, some people usually stay at home, while others would go out.
在周末，有些人会待在家里，也有些人宁愿出去。
To some people life is enjoyable，while to others it is painful.
对一些人来说生活是美好的，而对另一些人来说生活是痛苦的。
[易混辨析]
one...the other/some...others/some...the others
内涵 外延
one...the other 一个……另一个 只有两个
some...others 一些……另一些 至少有三部分，others不指剩余的全部对象
some...the others 一些……另一些 有两部分，the others指剩余的全部对象
[即时训练]
Some people like art while ____________ like music.
2. Whichever and whatever you like， there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you！
不管你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么，总会有一个妙不可言的主题公园吸引你！
[句式分析]
这是一个复合句，whichever and whatever you like是让步状语从句；主句中 that will appeal to you是定语从句，先行词是park，that是关系代词。
It takes three hours, whichever route you take.
无论你走哪一条路都需要三个小时。
[即时训练]
①__________________ of you gets here first will get the prize.
②The situation is an awkward one, __________________ way you look at it.
③________________ decision he made, I would support it.
【参考答案】
重点单词
1. go ahead 2. to 3. wandering 4. amused; amusing 5. ①swinging ②swung 6. rarely 7. ①entertains ②entertaining ③entertainments
重点短语
1.①in ②looking 2. for 3. with 4. playing 5. than 6. up 7. down
重点句型
1. others 2. ①Whichever ②whichever ③WhateverUnit 3　Fascinating Parks
Writing
景点介绍
景点介绍属于说明文，使用生动的语言对某一地点和某一环境进行具体逼真的描绘。
写作指导
[基本框架]
第一部分：提出介绍或说明的景点。
第二部分：景点及其中各项活动项目的功能或特点、地理位置、交通方式以及收费情况等。
第三部分：对景点的总结，发出邀请。
注意事项：
1．景点一般由若干活动项目组合而成。介绍时可依照先概述景点，再分述活动项目，最后总述的顺序。分述活动项目可依照游玩路线进行。
2．介绍景点以说明为主，在说明中可以穿插描写和叙述。
[常用词块]
1．be located in northern China位于中国北方
2．a famous historic and cultural city一座历史文化名城
3．cover 154 square kilometers面积154平方公里
4．be famous for its four wonders以四大奇迹而闻名
5．a natural zoo and botanical garden一个天然动物园和植物园
6．with a history of over 30 years有着30多年的历史
7．last from 1703 to 1792从1703年持续到1792年
8．date from/back to 1534 始建于1534年
9．one of the most famous mountains in China中国最为著名的山脉之一
10．the largest and most complete ancient wooden-structure building
中国最大、最完整的古代木结构建筑
[常用语句]
1．介绍功能或特点
①The theme of the park is...这个公园的主题是……
②You will enjoy doing/seeing...
你会很高兴地做……/看到……
③Hangzhou has many places of interest, among which is the West Lake. Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.杭州有许多名胜古迹，西湖是其中之一。杭州以西湖而闻名。
2．介绍地理位置
①It is located/situated in the centre of...
它位于……的中心。
②It lies in the south/east of...
它位于……的南面/东面。
③On the top of the hill stands a splendid tower.
山顶上耸立着一座壮观的塔。
3．介绍面积
①It covers an area of 1，000 square kilometres.
它占地1 000平方公里。
②China is the third largest country in the world with an area of 9，600，000 square kilometres.
中国是世界上第三大国，面积960万平方公里。
4．介绍历史
①The city has a long history of 1，000 years.
该城市有1 000年的悠久历史。
②It is a modern city with a long history of 1，000 years and rich tour resources.它是一个有着1 000年悠久历史的现代城市，旅游资源丰富。
5．介绍交通方式
①You can reach the building/museum by...
你可以通过……到达大厦/博物馆。
②You can get there a little more quickly by...
你可以通过……更快速地到达那里。
6．介绍其他情况
①It has a population of about eleven million.
它有约一千一百万人口。
②As for the weather, it never gets too hot or too cold. And it is at its best during the spring and autumn months.至于天气，它不会太热或太冷。在春天和秋天是最好的。
学以致用
请根据以下要点，写一篇80词左右的英语短文，介绍香港海洋公园。
1．香港海洋公园，位于香港的南部，是一个著名的主题公园。
2．面积超过87万平方米，是世界上最大的海洋公园之一。
3．有30多年的历史，是亚洲主要的旅游景点之一。
4．游客可以体验惊险之旅和观看各种表演。
5．香港海洋公园还为其提供的教育项目而自豪。
[参考范文]
Hong Kong Ocean Park, a famous theme park, is situated in the southern side of Hong Kong. It is one of the largest marine parks in the world, covering more than 870，000 square metres. With a history of over 30 years, the Ocean Park has become one of the major tourist attractions in Asia. It is Hong Kong's favourite park, which attracts the most visitors. Visitors can experience adventurous trips and enjoy a wide variety of shows, such as dolphin shows. The park also takes pride in its educational programs. Hong Kong Ocean Park will fill your day with wonder, pleasure and excitement, and reward you with satisfying memories.

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