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中考英语·核心考点
考点11 · 时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时）
时态是英语动词的核心语法点，中考每年必考。一般现在时表示习惯、事实、状态；一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态；一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作。近三年真题重点考查：一般现在时的三单变化、一般过去时的规则/不规则动词、一般将来时的will/be going to区别、时间状语标志词以及主将从现。本讲按知识点顺序系统梳理，配合分层练习，助你掌握三大基础时态。
一、一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense)
1. 基本用法
表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与频度副词连用：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week等。例：I get up at 6:30 every day.
表示客观事实、真理、格言。例：The earth goes around the sun.
表示现在的状态、特征、能力。例：She is a teacher. / He speaks English well.
在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来（主将从现）。例：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
2. 动词形式变化
主语是第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词）时，谓语动词加-s/-es。规则：①一般加-s；②以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾加-es；③辅音+y结尾变y为i加-es。例：work→works, watch→watches, study→studies。
3. 否定句和疑问句
借助助动词do/does。否定：主语+don't/doesn't+动词原形。疑问：Do/Does+主语+动词原形？例：He doesn't like coffee. / Does she like tea
二、一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense)
1. 基本用法
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last night, in 2020, just now, three days ago等连用。例：I went to the park yesterday.
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，可与often, always等连用。例：When he was young, he often played football.
2. 动词过去式变化
规则变化：①一般加-ed；②以e结尾加-d；③辅音+y结尾变y为i加-ed；④重读闭音节结尾，双写加-ed。例：work→worked, like→liked, study→studied, stop→stopped。
不规则变化（高频必背）： go→went, do→did, have→had, see→saw, come→came, get→got, eat→ate, drink→drank, give→gave, take→took, buy→bought, bring→brought, think→thought, teach→taught, catch→caught, sit→sat, run→ran, sing→sang, begin→began, drive→drove, write→wrote, ride→rode, speak→spoke, break→broke, choose→chose, forget→forgot, wake→woke, wear→wore, know→knew, grow→grew, throw→threw, draw→drew, fly→flew, blow→blew, show→showed, tell→told, sell→sold, find→found, hear→heard, keep→kept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept, feel→felt, meet→met, read→read (同形), put→put, cut→cut, let→let, set→set, cost→cost, hurt→hurt, hit→hit, beat→beat, become→became, come→came, run→ran, win→won, lose→lost, build→built, send→sent, spend→spent, lend→lent, mean→meant, learn→learnt/learned, burn→burnt/burned, dream→dreamt/dreamed。
3. 否定句和疑问句
借助助动词did。否定：主语+didn't+动词原形。疑问：Did+主语+动词原形？例：He didn't come yesterday. / Did you see him
三、一般将来时 (Simple Future Tense)
1. 基本用法
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态，常与tomorrow, next week, in the future, soon, later等连用。例：She will come tomorrow.
表示将来的计划、打算（be going to）。例：I am going to study harder.
2. 两种表达的区别
will + 动词原形：表示单纯的将来、意愿、承诺、预测。例：It will be sunny tomorrow. / I will help you.
be going to + 动词原形：表示已有计划或迹象表明要发生的事。例：Look at the clouds. It is going to rain. / I am going to visit my grandma.
3. 其他将来表达
① 现在进行时表示计划好的将来（go, come, leave, start等）。例：He is leaving tomorrow. ② be about to do（即将做）。
4. 否定句和疑问句
will否定：won't；疑问：Will+主语+动词原形？be going to的否定和疑问直接在be上变化。例：He won't come. / Will she be there
四、时间状语标志词速记
时态 常见时间状语
一般现在时 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day/week/month/year, on Sundays, once a week
一般过去时 yesterday, last night/week/year, in 2020, ...ago, just now, at that time, the day before yesterday
一般将来时 tomorrow, next week/month/year, in the future, soon, later, in two days, the day after tomorrow
中考易错点： ① 一般现在时主语三单，动词加-s/-es，助动词用does。② 不规则动词过去式必须熟记。③ will和be going to的区别：will侧重主观意愿/预测，be going to侧重计划/迹象。④ 时间/条件状语从句中“主将从现”。⑤ 注意一般过去时与现在完成时的区别（现在完成时后续考点）。
专项提升练习（按知识点顺序设计）
本部分练习按照“一般现在时 → 一般过去时 → 一般将来时 → 时态混合 → 主将从现”的顺序编排，每题对应具体知识点，循序渐进。
题型Ⅰ 单项选择 (共30小题，每小题2分)
1. (习惯) She ______ to school by bike every day.
A. go
B. goes
C. went
D. will go
2. (真理) The sun ______ in the east.
A. rise
B. rises
C. rose
D. will rise
3. (状态) He ______ a doctor.
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. be
4. (否定) She ______ like coffee.
A. don't
B. doesn't
C. isn't
D. aren't
5. (疑问) ______ your sister like watching TV
A. Do
B. Does
C. Is
D. Are
6. (频率副词) Tom ______ late for school.
A. is never
B. never is
C. are never
D. never are
7. (三单) My mother ______ (cook) dinner every evening.
A. cook
B. cooks
C. cooked
D. will cook
8. (否定疑问) ______ he ______ (have) any brothers
A. Do; have
B. Does; has
C. Does; have
D. Do; has
9. (过去动作) I ______ to the cinema yesterday.
A. go
B. goes
C. went
D. will go
10. (不规则动词) She ______ a new dress last week.
A. buy
B. buys
C. bought
D. will buy
11. (规则动词) He ______ (study) English three years ago.
A. study
B. studied
C. studies
D. studying
12. (否定) She ______ to the party last night.
A. didn't come
B. doesn't come
C. didn't came
D. not came
13. (疑问) ______ you see the movie last week
A. Do
B. Does
C. Did
D. Are
14. (be动词过去) They ______ at home yesterday.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. are
15. (不规则) He ______ (write) a letter to his friend last month.
A. write
B. writes
C. wrote
D. written
16. (时间状语) I ______ (see) him just now.
A. see
B. saw
C. seen
D. seeing
17. (will) It ______ be sunny tomorrow.
A. will
B. is
C. are
D. was
18. (be going to) Look at the clouds. It ______ rain.
A. will
B. is going to
C. are going to
D. was going to
19. (计划) I ______ visit my grandparents next week.
A. will
B. am going to
C. went
D. go
20. (否定) He ______ come to the party tomorrow.
A. won't
B. isn't
C. doesn't
D. didn't
21. (疑问) ______ you be free tomorrow
A. Do
B. Does
C. Will
D. Are
22. (现在进行表将来) The train ______ at 8 pm.
A. leave
B. leaves
C. is leaving
D. left
23. (一般现在vs过去) He often ______ to the library, but yesterday he ______ at home.
A. goes; stays
B. goes; stayed
C. went; stayed
D. went; stays
24. (一般现在vs将来) If it ______ tomorrow, we ______ at home.
A. rains; will stay
B. will rain; stay
C. rained; stayed
D. rain; will stay
25. (时态识别) I ______ a letter to my friend last night.
A. write
B. wrote
C. will write
D. am writing
26. (时态识别) She usually ______ up at 6:30, but this morning she ______ up at 7:00.
A. gets; gets
B. gets; got
C. got; gets
D. got; got
27. (将来时) — What are you doing — I ______ (watch) TV.
A. watch
B. am watching
C. will watch
D. watched
28. (主将从现) As soon as he ______ back, I will tell you.
A. come
B. comes
C. will come
D. came
29. (主将从现) If you ______ hard, you will pass the exam.
A. study
B. will study
C. studied
D. studies
30. (主将从现) I won't go to bed until my mother ______ home.
A. come
B. comes
C. will come
D. came
题型Ⅱ 填空 (用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，每空1分)
31. (一般现在) She ______ (get) up at 6:30 every morning.
32. (一般现在) The earth ______ (move) around the sun.
33. (一般现在否定) He ______ (not like) playing basketball.
34. (一般现在疑问) ______ your father ______ (work) in a hospital
35. (一般现在) My brother often ______ (play) football after school.
36. (一般过去) I ______ (go) to the park with my friends yesterday.
37. (一般过去) She ______ (buy) a new dress last week.
38. (一般过去) He ______ (not come) to school because he was ill.
39. (一般过去) ______ you ______ (see) the movie last night
40. (一般过去) They ______ (be) at home yesterday evening.
41. (一般将来) I ______ (visit) my grandparents next weekend.
42. (一般将来) Look at the dark clouds. It ______ (rain).
43. (一般将来否定) She ______ (not come) to the party tomorrow.
44. (一般将来疑问) ______ you ______ (be) free tomorrow
45. (现在进行表将来) The bus ______ (leave) at 7 pm.
46. (时态混合) He usually ______ (walk) to school, but yesterday he ______ (take) a bus.
47. (时态混合) She ______ (be) a teacher. She ______ (work) in this school for 10 years.
48. (主将从现) If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, we will stay at home.
49. (主将从现) As soon as he ______ (arrive), I will call you.
50. (主将从现) I won't leave until he ______ (come) back.
51. (不规则动词) He ______ (write) a letter to his friend last month.
52. (不规则动词) She ______ (sing) a beautiful song at the party yesterday.
53. (不规则动词) They ______ (build) a new school last year.
54. (规则动词) We ______ (study) English very hard last term.
55. (规则动词) She ______ (stop) smoking two years ago.
56. (将来时) I promise I ______ (not be) late again.
57. (将来时) What ______ you ______ (do) tomorrow
58. (一般现在) The shop ______ (close) at 9 pm every day.
59. (一般过去) I ______ (meet) an old friend in the street yesterday.
60. (一般将来) We ______ (have) a test next Monday.
题型Ⅲ 语法填空 (阅读短文，在空白处填入所给动词的适当形式)
Passage 1（一般现在时与一般过去时混合）
My name is Tom. I 61.______ (be) a middle school student. I 62.______ (get) up at 6:30 every day. My father 63.______ (work) in a hospital. He 64.______ (be) very busy. Yesterday 65.______ (be) Sunday. I 66.______ (not go) to school. I 67.______ (stay) at home and 68.______ (do) my homework. In the afternoon, I 69.______ (go) to the park with my friends. We 70.______ (play) football for two hours. I 71.______ (feel) very happy. My mother 72.______ (cook) a big dinner for us. She 73.______ (be) a good cook. She often 74.______ (make) delicious food. I 75.______ (love) my family very much. I think I 76.______ (will) study harder to make them proud.
Passage 2（一般将来时与主将从现）
Next Sunday 77.______ (be) my birthday. I 78.______ (have) a party at home. I 79.______ (invite) many friends. My mother 80.______ (make) a big cake. I 81.______ (be) very excited. If the weather 82.______ (be) fine, we 83.______ (play) games in the garden. As soon as my friends 84.______ (arrive), we 85.______ (start) the party. I hope everyone 86.______ (enjoy) themselves. Last week, I 87.______ (send) invitations to all my friends. They all 88.______ (say) they 89.______ (come). I 90.______ (look) forward to my birthday party. It 91.______ (be) a wonderful day.
题型Ⅳ 单句改错 (每题有一处时态错误，找出并改正，共30题)
92. He go to school by bike every day.
93. She doesn't likes coffee.
94. I go to the cinema yesterday.
95. He didn't went to school yesterday.
96. She will comes tomorrow.
97. Look at the clouds. It will rain.
98. If he will come, I will tell you.
99. As soon as he will arrive, I will call you.
100. She usually gets up early. (无错)
101. He buyed a new car last month.
102. I seen a movie last night.
103. She didn't came to the party.
104. He is going to shopping tomorrow.
105. What will you doing tomorrow
106. She is go to school every day.
107. They was at home yesterday.
108. He doesn't has any brothers.
109. I will be a doctor in the future. (无错)
110. She is often late for school. (无错)
111. He studied very hard last year. (无错)
112. The earth goes around the sun. (无错)
113. I am going to watch TV tonight. (无错)
114. He didn't finished his homework.
115. Does he likes playing football
116. She go to Shanghai last month.
117. He will not be late tomorrow. (无错)
118. If it rains, we will stay at home. (无错)
119. I am going to playing basketball.
120. She didn't saw the movie.
121. He writes a letter to his mother yesterday.
参考答案与详细解析
【单项选择】
1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. C
11. B 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. A
21. C 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. B
【填空】
31. gets 32. moves 33. doesn't like 34. Does; work 35. plays 36. went 37. bought 38. didn't come 39. Did; see 40. were 41. will visit / am going to visit 42. is going to rain 43. won't come / isn't going to come 44. Will; be 45. leaves / is leaving 46. walks; took 47. is; has worked 48. rains 49. arrives es 51. wrote 52. sang 53. built 54. studied 55. stopped 56. won't be 57. will; do / are; going to do 58. closes 59. met 60. will have / are going to have
【语篇填空】
61. am 62. get 63. works 64. is 65. was 66. didn't go 67. stayed 68. did 69. went 70. played 71. felt 72. cooked 73. is 74. makes 75. love 76. will
77. is 78. will have / am going to have 79. will invite / am going to invite 80. will make / is going to make 81. am 82. is 83. will play 84. arrive 85. will start 86. will enjoy 87. sent 88. said 89. would come 90. am looking 91. will be
【单句改错】
92. go→goes 93. likes→like 94. go→went 95. went→go es→come 97. will rain→is going to rain (或will改为is going to) 98. 去掉will 99. 去掉will 100. 正确 101. buyed→bought 102. seen→saw 103. came→come 104. 去掉to 105. doing→do 106. go→goes 107. was→were 108. has→have 109. 正确 110. 正确 111. 正确 112. 正确 113. 正确 114. finished→finish 115. likes→like 116. go→went 117. 正确 118. 正确 119. playing→play 120. saw→see 121. writes→wrote
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