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译林版·八年级英语下册期中复习
——考点7：for与since的用法（现在完成时的延续性时间状语）
本考点源自Unit 2 Grammar。在现在完成时中，for和since用来表示动作或状态持续的时间，是期中考试的高频考点。掌握它们的区别以及提问方式（How long）至关重要。
一、基本概念
在现在完成时中，当我们想表达“某个动作或状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在”时，需要使用for或since引导的时间状语。
for + 时间段：表示动作持续了“多长时间”。
since + 时间点：表示动作从“某个时间点”开始持续到现在。
I have lived here for ten years. (我在这儿住了十年。强调时长)
I have lived here since 2015. (我从2015年起就住在这儿。强调起始点)
二、for与since的详细对比
for的后面接“时间段”，表示动作持续的长度。常见的有：
for ten years (十年)
for three months (三个月)
for two hours (两个小时)
for a long time (很长时间)
for a week (一周)
since的后面接“时间点”，表示动作从那个时间开始。常见的有：
since 2010 (自从2010年)
since last month (自从上个月)
since yesterday (自从昨天)
since I was born (自从我出生)
since 8 o'clock (自从8点)
I have studied English for five years. (学了五年英语)
I have studied English since 2019. (从2019年开始学英语)
三、since从句的时态配合（重点）
当since后面跟一个从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。这是中考和期中的必考点。
I have lived here since I was born. (从我出生起我就住在这里)
She has worked in this school since she left university. (她大学毕业就在这所学校工作)
They have known each other since they were children. (他们从小就认识)
四、对for和since引导的时间状语提问
对“for + 时间段”或“since + 时间点”提问，都用疑问词How long（多久）。
I have lived here for ten years. → How long have you lived here
He has worked here since 2015. → How long has he worked here
注意：How long提问的回答可以是for短语，也可以是since短语，或者直接说出时间段。
五、终止性动词与延续性动词的配合（简单介绍）
在现在完成时的“for + 时间段 / since + 时间点”结构中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，不能是终止性动词（即瞬间动词）。
I have bought the car for two years. (buy是终止性动词)
I have had the car for two years. (have是延续性动词)
He has left Shanghai since 2010. (leave是终止性动词)
He has been away from Shanghai since 2010. (be away是延续性状态)
关于终止性动词与延续性动词的转换，将在后续考点中详细讲解。本考点只要求正确使用for和since。
六、经典例题解析
例1： I have lived in Nanjing ______ ten years.
A. for B. since C. in D. at
解析： ten years是一段时间，用for。答案：A
例2： She has worked here ______ she left college.
A. for B. since C. in D. after
解析： she left college是一个从句，表示时间点，用since。答案：B
例3： — How long have you studied English — ______ 2018.
A. For B. Since C. In D. From
解析： 回答用2018这个时间点，用since。答案：B
例4： My grandparents ______ married for 50 years.
A. have been B. have got C. got D. are
解析： for 50 years表示一段时间，用现在完成时，且be married是延续性状态。答案：A
七、分层精练（共40题）
A组 · 用 for 或 since 填空（每题1分，共15分）
1. I have lived in this city ______ 2010.
2. He has worked here ______ ten years.
3. They have known each other ______ they were children.
4. She has studied English ______ three years.
5. We have been friends ______ primary school.
6. My father has worked in this factory ______ 2015.
7. I have waited for you ______ two hours.
8. He has been away ______ last Friday.
9. They have lived in this town ______ 2020.
10. He has played the piano ______ he was five years old.
11. We haven't seen each other ______ a long time.
12. She has been in hospital ______ Monday.
13. I have had this phone ______ three months.
14. They have been married ______ 1998.
15. He has been absent from school ______ three days.
B组 · 单项选择（每题2分，共16分）
1. — How long have you lived in Beijing — ______ 2015.
A. For B. Since C. In D. From
2. I have known him ______ we were in primary school.
A. for B. since C. when D. as
3. They have worked here ______ five years.
A. for B. since C. from D. after
4. — ______ have you had this car — For two years.
A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How far
5. She has been away from home ______ last week.
A. for B. since C. in D. at
6. We haven't seen each other ______ a long time.
A. for B. since C. from D. during
7. He has been in the army ______ he was 18.
A. for B. since C. when D. after
8. — How long has your uncle lived in Shanghai — ______ 2018.
A. For B. Since C. In D. From
C组 · 句型转换（每题2分，共10分）
1. I have lived here since 2015. (对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________
2. She has worked in this school for five years. (对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________
3. He has known her for three years. (改为同义句)
He has known her ______ three years ______.
4. They have been friends since they were in primary school. (改为同义句)
They have been friends ______ a long time.
5. I have studied English since 2018. (改为同义句)
I have studied English ______ five years.
D组 · 改错（每句只有一处错误，找出并改正，每题2分，共10分）
1. I have bought this car for five years.
改正：________________________________________________
2. He has left Shanghai since 2010.
改正：________________________________________________
3. She has married since 2015.
改正：________________________________________________
4. They have come here for two hours.
改正：________________________________________________
5. I have joined the club since three years ago.
改正：________________________________________________
E组 · 语篇填空（每空1分，共10分）
My name is Li Hua. I have lived in Nanjing ______ (1) I was born. I have studied in this school ______ (2) four years. My best friend is Tom. We have known each other ______ (3) 2019. He has been in China ______ (4) three years. He has learned Chinese ______ (5) he came to China. I have had this bicycle ______ (6) two years. My father has worked in the same company ______ (7) 2010. He has been there ______ (8) over ten years. We have lived in this neighbourhood ______ (9) a long time. I love my hometown, and I have been here ______ (10) my whole life.
F组 · 根据汉语完成句子（每题2分，共10分）
1. 我在这所学校学习已经三年了。
I have studied in this school ______ three years.
2. 他从2018年起就住在这里。
He has lived here ______ 2018.
3. 你拥有这辆自行车多久了？
______ ______ have you had this bike
4. 自从我十岁起，我就一直弹钢琴。
I have played the piano ______ I was ten years old.
5. 他们已经结婚二十年了。
They have been married ______ twenty years.
G组 · 经典例题再练（中考真题改编）（每题2分，共8分）
1. — How long have you lived in this city — ______ 2010.
A. For B. Since C. In D. After
2. I have known her ______ we were in middle school.
A. for B. since C. before D. after
3. My grandparents ______ for 50 years.
A. have been married B. have married C. got married D. were married
4. He has worked here ______ he left college.
A. for B. since C. from D. in
参考答案（教师用卷）
A组：
1. since 2. for 3. since 4. for 5. since 6. since 7. for 8. since 9. since 10. since 11. for 12. since 13. for 14. since 15. for
B组：
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. B
C组：
1. How long have you lived here
2. How long has she worked in this school
3. since; ago 4. for 5. for
D组：
1. bought → had 2. left → been away from 3. married → been married 4. come → been 5. joined → been in
E组：
1. since 2. for 3. since 4. for 5. since 6. for 7. since 8. for 9. for 10. for
F组：
1. for 2. since 3. How long 4. since 5. for
G组：
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B
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